THE STUDY HANDBOOK PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES FOR EFFECTIVE LEARNING Fifty years ago American writer and philosopher L Ron Hubbard introduced a new approach to teaching and learning a subject he would call study technology His many lectures and essays on the subject have been compiled into this new handbook designed for use by teens young adults teachers parents tutors anyone concerned about real learning Based on the works of L Ron Hubbard Study Handbook The PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES FOR EFFECTIVE LEARNING BASED ON THE WORKS OF L RON HUBBARD APPLIED SCHOLASTICS INTERNATIONAL
Based on the works of L Ron Hubbard Study Handbook The PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES FOR EFFECTIVE LEARNING HERON BOOKS P U B L I S H I N G
Applied Scholastics International 11755 Riverview Dr St Louis MO 63138 USA appliedscholastics org HERON BOOKS P U B L I S H I N G Heron Books Inc 20950 SW Rock Creek Road Sheridan OR 97378 USA heronbooks com First Edition 2019 L Ron Hubbard Library All Rights Reserved ISBN 978 0 89739 163 4 This publication is part of the works of L Ron Hubbard It is presented to the reader as part of the record of his personal research into life and the application of same by others and should be construed only as a written report of such research and not as a statement of claims made by the author or organization Any verbal representations made to the contrary are not authorized No part of this publication may be produced without the permission of the copyright owner Any unauthorized copying translation duplication or distribution in whole or in part by any means including electronic copying storage or transmission is a violation of applicable laws Applied Scholastics International is a non profit educational organization and does not discriminate on the basis of race color religion sex disability age nationality or ethnic origin in administering student admissions or any of its policies programs or activities APPLIED SCHOLASTICS and the Applied Scholastics open book design are trademarks and service marks owned by Association for Better Living and Education International and are used with its permission Printed in the USA 5 December 2019
To help one progress chapter by chapter with increasing understanding confidence and ability to use the information free learning guides have been created to accompany this book An Introduction to Study Technology adults The Study Handbook Training Course adults The Study Handbook Parts 1 2 teens An Introduction to Study Technology is designed for more independent study and does not cover the entire text The remaining are rigorous training courses on the full text and thus require access to a courseroom and trained supervisor Get your free learning guides at heronbooks com apsbooks learningguides
Introduction Over fifty years ago American educator and author L Ron Hubbard introduced a new approach to teaching and learning a subject he would call study technology After decades of applications and successes across the globe his many lectures and essays on the subject have been compiled into this new comprehensive handbook designed for use by teens young adults teachers parents tutors educators anyone concerned about real learning Compiled with the certainty that any and every educational problem encountered or discoverable in or out of school will be found to have an answer in this text we proudly present The Study Handbook Principles and Techniques for Effective Learning Editors v
Table of Contents 1 STUDYING AN INTRODUCTION 1 The Ability to Learn 1 The Impact on Civilization of an Inability to Study 1 Understanding 2 Willingness to Know 3 Status Versus Results 3 Summary 4 2 KEY WORDS 3 NOMENCLATURE 5 11 Assimilating Information 11 Incomprehensible Subjects 11 Tackling a Subject 12 Words and Speed of Progress 12 What Is Being Named the Thing Itself 13 Disbelief 13 Understanding Words 14 The Erosive Course of the River 15 The Careful Student and the Careless Student 16 The Fast Student and the Slow Student 16 Understanding and Application 17 Summary 18 4 CHECKOUTS TWINNING AND COACHING 19 A Theory Checkouts 19 B Twinning 27 C Coaching 34 vii
5 MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS 39 A The Misunderstood Word Defined 39 B Words Most Often Misunderstood 47 C Confused Ideas 49 D Alterations 51 6 CLEARING WORDS 53 A Concepts 53 B How to Clear a Word 55 C Dictionaries 58 D Super Literacy 62 E Substitute Words 66 F Grammar 68 7 METHODS OF WORD CLEARING 69 Introduction 69 A Basic Word Clearing 69 B Key Word Clearing 72 C Specialized Reading Aloud Word Clearing 74 D Reading Aloud Word Clearing 75 E Material Clearing 95 THE SIGNIFICANCE WITH THE DOINGNESS 8 BALANCING AND MASS OF A SUBJECT Schooling Versus Education 97 Overstressing the Significance of a Subject 99 Overstressing the Doingness 100 A Proper Balance 100 Useless Doingness 101 What Should Be Taught 103 The Professional Versus the Practical Man 103 Protest of the Young 104 Action Versus Doingness 105 Physiological Reaction of the Student 105 Summary 106 viii 97
9 THE USE OF DEMONSTRATION 107 Introduction 107 A Clay Demonstration 107 B Demo Kits 111 C Sketching 113 Summary 114 10 INSTRUCTION BY GRADIENT 115 Definition 115 Basic Principle 115 Starting Too High on the Gradient 116 Locating the Actual Confusion 117 Physiological Reactions 118 Backtracking 119 The Primary Mechanism of Study 119 When to Help a Student 120 Relation of Nomenclature to Gradients 120 Too Long a Runway 123 Summary 125 11 EVALUATION OF INFORMATION 127 Study a Definition 127 The Value of Secondhand Observation 127 Illiteracy 128 Knowing It All 129 Indirect Observation and Understanding 130 Reliability of the Source 131 Subtleties of Information Evaluation 132 Levels of Approach 133 Understanding Doingness and Gradients 134 What You Want the Information For 135 Summary 136 ix
12 THE PURPOSE AND USE OF A SUBJECT 137 The End Product of Education 137 Delineating the Purpose of a Subject 138 Adequate Doingness 139 Correct Emphasis 140 Summary 141 13 BARRIERS TO STUDY 143 Introduction 143 Absence of Mass 143 Too Steep a Gradient 144 Bypassed Definition 146 14 THE INTENTION OF THE STUDENT 149 Faulty Sources 149 Studying for Examination 151 Pretended Subjects 153 Studying for Application 154 Perverting a Subject 155 Summary 156 15 THE COURSEROOM 157 What Is a Courseroom 157 What Is a Checksheet 158 The Academic Supervisor 159 Pink Sheets 161 Spot Checks 163 Ethics and the Courseroom 164 16 EDUCATION AND LEARNING Missing Technology of Study 167 Education as a Corrective Technology 167 The Effects of Duress in Education 169 A Starting Point 170 x 167
The Student s Reality and Power of Choice 171 Education a Definition 172 Learning and Communication 172 17 ADDITIONAL STUDY DATA AND TOOLS 173 Theory Coaching 173 Selecting Unimportances 174 Duplication Understanding and Judgment A Learning Drill 176 Power of Choice Drill 177 False Data 183 18 ENSURING SUCCESS IN STUDY 185 A Workable Method 185 Discipline of Application 185 Getting Study Tech Applied 186 Raising Standards 188 Results and Honesty 188 Students Who Succeed 189 Complete Versus Quickie 191 Important Study Datum 192 Word Clearing Key Datum 192 Arbitraries 194 19 CONFRONT AND SIMPLICITY 197 Confront Defined 197 Confront and Study 198 Keeping It Simple 202 APPENDIX 205 Glossary 207 Index 263 xi
1 Studying An Introduction THE ABILITY TO LEARN In order to teach somebody something it is necessary that he be able to learn If someone can t learn then he can t find out how to do anything This is terribly fundamental Yet all great successes are built on attention to fundamentals Unless you can isolate these fundamentals you leave your building with an incomplete foundation You wouldn t build any skyscrapers if you didn t first put down a foundation In learning that foundation is of course the ability to learn THE IMPACT ON CIVILIZATION OF AN INABILITY TO STUDY When individuals can t study knowledge gets lost It is common in a civilization for a body1 of knowledge to come into being then for some piece of it to get grooved into a certain special use That piece of information then gets poorly passed on and the rest of the knowledge gets lost It would be interesting to talk to James Watt2 on the subject of steam engines He probably could tell you all about high pressure boilers3 He just didn t have 1 body a large collection or amount of something Over a period of twenty years he collected quite a body of unusual postage stamps all from foreign countries 2 James Watt 1736 1819 Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose advances on the steam engine made it a practical device for converting steam into work Watt made significant new inventions regarding the steam engine dramatically increasing its efficiency and enabling the engine to drive many types of machinery as opposed to just pumping water its original use 3 high pressure boiler mechanisms that produce steam under great pressure which when released can be used to do work A boiler is a metal container in which water is boiled heated until it turns to vapor to produce steam In a high pressure boiler a larger quantity of steam is produced under greater pressure than in other boilers thus allowing more work to be done Sarah was expert in repairing high pressure boilers 1
STUDYING AN INTRODUCTION the time money or materials to build one But there may be dozens of methods of utilization of steam which have just been lost One might say that the civilization goes forward and wins anyway Actually almost anywhere one can find civilizations that are no longer with us They are all gone on the basis of lost technology4 Civilizations tend to rise to a certain level Then under the stress of combat and various other factors they start losing their technology But the only real reason it gets lost is because people can t study UNDERSTANDING If one studied without any ability to evaluate5 what he was studying his ability to study would be very poor indeed Now and then you will find a straight A student who is able to tell you the page number and the paragraph of every one of his assignments He will be able to give you back the information verbatim6 This is a sort of perfect memory trick Unfortunately there is no understanding connected with it When you ask for his opinion on the material7 he falls apart That isn t how to study Study has to do with understanding 4 technology the methods of application of an art or science as opposed to only knowledge of the art or science The technology of wing design has changed surprisingly little since the Wright brothers 5 evaluate to look at something to see what is important or useful about it compared with other similar things to judge the quality truth or usefulness of something After quickly evaluating the book s usefulness to her she decided it wasn t worth buying at that time 6 verbatim in exactly the same words as originally said or written His ability to quote long sections of his favorite books verbatim was always entertaining to his friends 7 material information used in creating a book movie etc or information put into a form that others can read it This book contains material on study The teacher directed the student to the page of his material where the answer to his question could be found 2
STUDYING AN INTRODUCTION WILLINGNESS TO KNOW In any study the first little gate that has to be opened is this willingness to know The first thing that impedes learning is the idea that you already know all about it This is not only true for the beginner to a subject but is true for the more experienced person and even the professional8 A student who finds himself bogging down9 and having trouble moving through the material may find if he takes a good look that he is studying it through a screen of I know all about this He may even find that he has been pretending to himself that he is studying it Unless he realizes that he is pretending that there is actually something there to study and learn that he doesn t already know he will not be able to bring himself into a relaxed frame of mind which is simply Here is something to study Let s study it A student s ability to learn depends on his willingness to learn STATUS VERSUS RESULTS An individual can get into feeling like he has to protect his own status10 by pretending that he knows something or by appearing very clever even to himself This could fit under the subject of self esteem11 There s nothing particularly wrong with self esteem It s necessary that an individual feel somewhat confident in some direction 8 professional having showing or characterized by a high level of competence or expert skills a person manifesting these qualities in his work especially one who makes a living using these skills Edna seemed to take a professional approach to everything she did never settling for pretty good What made him a professional was the quality of results he consistently achieved 9 bog down to get stuck as if in a bog a soft wet section of ground that is hard or impossible to walk across The student bogged down on his homework and gave up 10 status a person s standing in relation to others one s social position as viewed by the individual or others He felt his status would be lowered if he admitted his error 11 self esteem confidence in one s own ability value or worth pride in self high regard for self She was surprised to find out that his high self esteem was only pretended and that he really didn t feel confident at all 3
STUDYING AN INTRODUCTION But this need for status and self esteem fades away in the presence of real knowledge and a real esteem takes its place It s this real esteem which is most impressive to self and to others because it is producing results It doesn t then really come down to a test of What does a person know but it comes down to a test of What can a person do SUMMARY On the subject of learning the first thing to teach and the first barrier to crack is this Why are you studying it if you know all about it to begin with If you get that door cracked open then the student can learn anything from there on like a shot12 12 like a shot very rapidly in a manner that reminds one of a bullet being shot from a gun The little boy heard the sirens and took off like a shot to see the fire engines go racing down the street 4
16 Education and Learning MISSING TECHNOLOGY OF STUDY Though some teachers and professors may work to invite the understanding interest and participation of the student the way the educational system actually works is more like this the student is told he is supposed to study something and if he doesn t like studying it or has difficulty he suffers some sort of punishment or penalty This approach just makes the student feel guilty for not learning What one is looking at here is a missing technology It s like trying to fix a radio without understanding the basics of radios and with no instruction book of any kind One could look in vain up and down the library aisles at big universities for a book which simply tells the student how to study the actual basics of study and learning It sounds fantastic but not even in their major courses of education have they had such a textbook Here are all these students in a university being told that they don t know how to study but there has been no textbook on the subject EDUCATION AS A CORRECTIVE TECHNOLOGY The only technology of education as it is practiced today is a sort of complicated corrective technology that isn t really education at all In other words the educational system is built around the fact that education has already failed the student failed to learn the information so now various things will happen to correct this 167
EDUCATION AND LEARNING It isn t that a corrective technology is useless When a train engine has gone into the ditch it s quite useful to know how to operate a wrecking train1 to get that train engine back on the rails again But this doesn t mean that lifting trains out of ditches and putting them back on rails is the whole subject of railroading Railroading done right has the train on the rails all the time How about modern education Actually one doesn t have trouble getting a student to study something he sees the need or use of Yet there s a tremendous amount of force and duress2 applied to students to get them to study Well if there s this much duress needed to get the student to learn it must be some kind of a corrective technology being applied to remedy his having missed it all in the first place Johnny failed to learn what A is Now we find all this duress involved in trying to get him to learn what B is Suppose one was giving a student an oral examination on his text and couldn t get past the second paragraph the student couldn t seem to remember anything in that paragraph The study technology would have him look just a little bit earlier to find the word he didn t understand And sure enough one will be found in the area just before the student went blank He gets this word defined and straightened out and all of a sudden magically he understands that paragraph Now suppose one didn t straighten out the word and suppose one told this student that there were going to be consequences3 if he didn t learn the paragraph Now imagine multiplying this by thousands of times for each student Imagine if every time this student hit a rough spot on the road he was threatened one way or another with Now if you don t get that next paragraph In what sort of state of mind do you think the student would finally wind up 1 wrecking train a train used for removing wreckage debris etc from railroad tracks and repairing wrecked trains and tracks They used a wrecking train to clear the wrecked train engine from the tracks 2 duress force demands or threats used to make somebody do something The signed contract was ruled invalid by the court when it was proved that it had been signed under duress 3 consequence a result or effect from something done or occurring earlier sometimes implying an unpleasant result or effect His parents told him that if he chose to move out of the house and get an apartment of his own they wouldn t stop him but that he would have to deal with all the consequences himself 168
EDUCATION AND LEARNING Schools communities and educational systems have tried various things to solve this problem of a missing educational technology At one point in England they came up with something called sandwich training4 They had discovered that their engineers couldn t build bridges and they decided to do something about it The plan they came up with was to have the student go to school for six months and then spend six months actually working in the field he was studying before returning to the classroom full time That was a corrective action which was a recognition of the fact that educational methods had failed But at least it was a corrective action in the right direction THE EFFECTS OF DURESS IN EDUCATION With no technology of study in the field of education the child goes into kindergarten and starts running into things he doesn t understand He then moves on into the first grade and is shown the word cat He says it s tac The teacher looks sad paces up and down and writes notes to the parents The father holds his head in his hands for half an hour and goes into a decline5 This has become the accepted reaction to such a situation What is going to come of you is the question which is left hanging in the middle of the air As the school failures mount the child is repeatedly told how he will never succeed in life and all that sort of thing Why do they have to put this much duress on study It s because they don t know how to teach the child to read cat instead of tac In place of a workable technology of education one gets this terrific cultural pressure and a lot of How do you keep youth in line The society hires a police force to try to control the child when he becomes a teenager one gets things like street gangs By the time these children arrive in their teens they 4 sandwich training a British term for a type of educational program in which students have a period of practical work experience between two periods of formal instruction and study The term comes from the image of a sandwich with some sort of filling between two slices of bread The sandwich training she did while studying architecture involved work on actual building plans between classes 5 decline a gradually worsening state of mental or physical health After his wife passed away he went into a three month decline before recovering his strength and a renewed determination to continue creating a worthwhile life for himself 169
EDUCATION AND LEARNING have become convinced that they don t own anything and aren t a part of anything and that s the way they act They ve been cut off from understanding and participating in the world around them For comparison it s quite interesting to watch some young boy who s been thrown into the responsibility of the care of a family or something like that at ten eleven or twelve years of age Today you can in spite of child labor laws6 occasionally find such an individual He bears no resemblance to the modern teenager because he s already had to wrap his hands around this thing called life and carry on somehow He hasn t had time to sit in school and be subjected to this continual duress forced to study past all these points of noncomprehension A STARTING POINT A person is very happy to learn that there are ways of studying He s very happy to learn there are ways of broadening his information about the world and about his life How do you learn about things You learn about things by looking at them by feeling them by hearing about them by reading books about them by seeing what they relate to The student can be introduced to concepts such as observation or inspection or familiarity These are very unexciting words yet they represent the true basics a starting point on the subject of learning In the field of education you are not up against an uncaring or unwilling society You re up against the incorrect study technology of the society which stultifies the intellect7 freezes the individual into a noncomprehension of anything and puts him into a woodenheadedness8 which nobody should be put into 6 child labor laws laws that control the working conditions and the amount of hours children can work depending on their age created to protect the health and safety of children and to allow time for their schooling In the early 1900s before major developments in the area of child labor laws nearly one third of American factory workers were children between the ages of seven and twelve 7 intellect the ability to think and reason Having found a school that truly helped him develop his intellect he was thrilled to be learning things he d never even thought about before 8 woodenheadedness a condition of feeling thinking or acting like one is very stupid uncreative slow etc as if one s head was wooden The sculptor became so frustrated by the woodenheadedness of his apprentice he let him go and found a new one 170
EDUCATION AND LEARNING Using study technology basics and such simple concepts as observation inspection and familiarity one can begin to bring an individual out of this condition THE STUDENT S REALITY AND POWER OF CHOICE The first real rule in teaching somebody something is this One has to find a point of reality9 a point of agreement which can be achieved by the student In other words the teacher s view and the student s view coincide10 It s not necessarily true that one must start with a very simple point Nor must it be a complex point It is only true that one must start with a point which the student agrees is vital and necessary Additionally the teacher must always preserve the student s power of choice over the data he is being taught He must permit the student to examine whether or not the data is true in his experience or in his environment and to operate accordingly Only in this way would anything be useful to the student In the field of knowledge nothing is sacred It s a sure test of whether a teacher knows his business or not if he insists that a great number of data be assimilated without further analysis or question in any way shape or form If what is being taught is true the student himself will recognize its truth Education is not just about increasing his speed as a learner but about increasing his power of choice over what he has learned With that achieved a student can lead a much better and more successful life 9 reality that which appears to be an agreement among people about what is real She was tired of hearing about all his safety concerns which she felt were not based on reality Bertrand and Stephen discussed the plan for the mural until they reached a high level of reality between them 10 coincide to be exactly the same to agree as in thought or opinion She married a man whose profession was different from hers but whose goals coincided with her own 171
EDUCATION AND LEARNING EDUCATION A DEFINITION Education as it has been practiced could be defined as placing information into the memories of others If the student could remember it that meant he had learned it But putting information into the memories of others causes them to rely on experience not perception11 These are two different things Remembered experience is quite different than perception and estimation of the situation Here is a better if somewhat longer definition for education Offering data for assimilation and use by others and facilitating their absorption of it to the end of permitting them better control of a better life Students should be given data in such a way that it gives them control of it They should be permitted to use that data to align and evaluate and apply that data to specific actions in life Data should not be left hanging there unconnected to anything LEARNING AND COMMUNICATION Learning most simply means communication by which is meant not only the interchange of ideas but also the use of those sense channels with which the individual contacts the physical universe You want to learn about something Look at it touch it listen to it and so on in other words communicate with it The things that a person is unwilling to learn something about are the things that are giving him trouble To educate a student all you have to do is teach him that it doesn t hurt a person to communicate with anything anywhere at any time He gets to be mighty smart if he knows personally from experience that it won t harm him to know about something If he learns that then he learns the most important thing to know about learning 11 perception the use of the senses in contacting the physical world The consumption of alcohol inhibits a person s perception of his environment 172
Appendix Appendix Glossary 207 Index 263 205
Glossary A abstract referring to an idea which has no connection with material things a general idea that exists independent of any specific material thing Words for abstract ideas such as progress beauty and justice can be harder to understand than words for physical objects such as car tree and mouse simply because you can t see abstract things with your eyes or touch them with your hands academic having to do with education schools or study in schools concerning theoretical study or discussion as opposed to practical matters Henry was having academic difficulties It was not intended to be an academic discussion there were some very practical problems to be solved academically in an academic manner See academic She was doing very well academically but struggling in her personal life Having been academically trained and very inexperienced in practical applications she found the transition from school to professional work difficult academic supervisor also supervisor the person in charge of students when they are working on checksheets In the strictest sense an academic supervisor is not a teacher as his main function is to ensure rapid student progress not by giving students information but by recognizing when they are missing something and directing them to correct sources for the information they need The student laughed when his supervisor showed him an entry in the dictionary of American slang because he realized he d had a completely wrong idea about something he d read acknowledge to let someone know that his statement or action has been received and understood usually with a word or phrase such as okay very good all right etc The teacher acknowledged the student s essay by writing 207
GLOSSARY excellent at the top When Austin complained about the length of the assignment his twin acknowledged him but didn t voice agreement because he didn t think the assignment was very long adaptable able to adjust to new or different conditions or circumstances He proved to be an adaptable athlete shifting from competitive swimming and skiing in his youth to competitive running and ball sports as an adult administration used to refer to the actions involved in administering managing running or governing an organization for example planning communications records filing etc Soon after the musical group started making money they began to realize the importance of good administration including scheduling performances keeping records of expenses maintaining the equipment and many other things aesthetic artistic beautiful pleasing in appearance having to do with beauty or the consideration of beauty in art or nature He was more interested in the practical uses of his photographic skills than in the creation of aesthetic images alter to change or modify something to make something different He apologized to his boss for unintentionally altering the instructions alteration the act of altering or the result of altering The piece of music we listened to last night was clearly an alteration of the one performed last month antagonistic feeling or expressing irritation annoyance dislike or unfriendliness about or toward something or someone When we brought up the subject of the presidential election she became very antagonistic His difficulties at work had begun to make him antagonistic toward his fellow workers apathy lack of interest or concern about anything not caring what happens Hannah and Glenda found Franklin s apathy about the state of the world so depressing they decided to quit spending time with him at all applicable appropriate relevant and able to be applied to used in a particular situation The information she brought to the meeting turned out to be very applicable to the topics being discussed She was surprised to find the principles 208
GLOSSARY she was learning in her art class applicable to the research she was doing for her science class approach the way one goes about doing something which can include the person s attitude goals methods etc She didn t always agree with Mr Peterson s approach to teaching but she had to admit that his students generally did very well after taking his class aptitude intelligence and ability especially as relates to a particular area potential for learning quickness and ease in understanding and doing He had always shown an aptitude for athletic activities but only recently had he begun to show a real aptitude for music arbitrary adjective based on individual choice or preference not on proven facts laws principles etc The children felt the new rules prohibiting certain activities on the playground were arbitrary and unfair but the rules were created to comply with new school safety laws noun a false order or datum entered into a situation or group something entered without reason To say that boys are better at math and science than girls is an arbitrary that makes it more difficult for girls to pursue fields such as engineering archaic extremely old and no longer in general use Poets sometimes use archaic words to create a certain effect assign to consider as resulting from to name as the cause or source of something Though it never solved anything she was always assigning certain problems to her sister s bad influence on her assimilable that can be assimilated see assimilate in the glossary After clearing up the key words in the subject she found it much more assimilable assimilate to take in information ideas etc in such a way that they become a part of one and can be used to learn for use In the late twentieth century rapid changes in computer technology were often more quickly assimilated by children than by their parents association connection relationship a connection in one s mind to a particular feeling idea or memory or a combination of these We have no formal 209
GLOSSARY association with that company except that we share the same building He had trouble shedding the negative associations he had with the word discipline attestation a statement verbally or in writing that something is correct true valid complete etc He had an official document a legal attestation that the painting was by Leonardo da Vinci aviation having to do with the design manufacture or use of airplanes Since she was a young girl she d always been fascinated with everything related to aviation so it was no surprise she became a designer of jet airplanes awareness of some thing or idea the ability to perceive the existence of the thing or idea axiom a statement of natural law that is accepted without proof because it is so clearly true similar in this way to natural laws in the physical sciences Understanding just a few axioms on the subject of communication he was able to help his friends and family solve all kinds of problems B background information that is earlier more basic or broader in scope which helps someone understand something better Reading the book a second time after gaining more historical background he found it much more rewarding backtracking retracing one s path going back in the direction from which one came By carefully backtracking we were able to find William s keys which had apparently fallen out of his coat pocket while we were hiking down the trail bayonet a long sharp steel knife blade that can be attached to the end of a rifle and used for stabbing Her hurtful remarks pierced him right through like a bayonet bingo an interjection expressing success particularly when a certain objective has been achieved From the exclamation used by a winner of the game 210
THE STUDY HANDBOOK PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES FOR EFFECTIVE LEARNING Fifty years ago American writer and philosopher L Ron Hubbard introduced a new approach to teaching and learning a subject he would call study technology His many lectures and essays on the subject have been compiled into this new handbook designed for use by teens young adults teachers parents tutors anyone concerned about real learning Based on the works of L Ron Hubbard Study Handbook The PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES FOR EFFECTIVE LEARNING BASED ON THE WORKS OF L RON HUBBARD APPLIED SCHOLASTICS INTERNATIONAL
