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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Preface i Preface This document entitled Standard Specifications for Construction details the requirements for all new construction as well as reconstruction projects involving roads, sewer, water, storm drainage and ancillary infrastructure within the Town of Essex, outside the Village of Essex Junction. These standards are considered to be minimum acceptable standards and deviations from the minimum specifications and details will not be permitted unless the deviations provide a higher degree of reliability than the specified minimum. The acceptability of any deviations from these specifications shall be determined by the Public Works Director/Town Engineer, subject to appeal to the Town Manager, and the Selectboard. In cases where the design of an item is not specifically covered by these specifications and details, the submittal of such an item shall include sufficient information for a determination of acceptability by the Public Works Director/Town Engineer. At a minimum, the information will include a description of the item, detailed materials information or reference to universally recognized standards (AWWA, ANSI, etc.), a description of the methods to be used for construction and any testing necessary to verify the quality of the installation. The Public Works Director/Town Engineer may also require a list of locations and contact personnel where the item has previously been installed or the procedure used. It is not the intent of this document to prevent alternative solutions; however, the burden of proof for acceptability of alternate solutions lies with the proponent. The primary purpose of this document is to establish a uniform level of quality for all infrastructure within the Town and to reduce the engineering time necessary for review of all proposed improvements. Plan submittals on new improvements will not be required to duplicate the contents of these standards providing these standards are referenced on submitted plans and further, providing a copy of the standards are physically available at the construction site. It should be noted that all projects involve a degree of uncertainty, especially with regard to subsurface conditions. Adherence to these minimum Town standards does not guarantee acceptance on the part of the Town for the final installation. When unexpected subsurface conditions are encountered, the contractor must report the changed conditions to the design/project engineer who in turn will report the situation to the Town before the work is allowed to proceed. A review will be made of conditions and if necessary, site-specific changes to the plans will be determined which will likely exceed the Town minimum standards. Providing the installation is then constructed on the basis of the revised and approved standards and all installations meet the required tests, Town acceptance will follow. With regard to the reconstruction of existing facilities, it is the goal of the Town to make improvements over time to update Town infrastructure to the standards outlined in this manual. The timing and implementation of improvements is not included in the Public Works Specifications.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Preface ii Users of this manual will be required to obtain the document from the Town and register their name or company with the Public Works Department. Additions and revisions to the manual will be provided from time to time to those individuals registered with the Public Works Department. The contents of this document are organized into five principal sections listed below. Procedural documents and all Town of Essex standardized forms for construction can be found in the appendices. Chapter 1 Instructions To Bidders For Municipal Projects contains information to all contractors bidding on projects for the Town of Essex. Chapter 2 Conditions and Requirements for Development Projects details the special conditions required for development projects, in addition to the requirements in Chapter 4. Chapter 3 Erosion and Sediment Control contains the erosion and sediment control requirements common to all construction within the Town of Essex. The Town of Essex will strictly enforce all requirements within this section. Chapter 4 General Conditions contains the conditions and requirements common to all construction within the Town of Essex. It is applicable to work performed by Public Works forces, contractors hired by the Town of Essex, developers, and contractors employed by developers. Chapter 5 Technical Specifications provides the technical specifications for streets and other street lighting related items, stormwater control facilities, sanitary sewers, and potable water systems. Appendix A contains detailed drawings depicting the requirements stated in all chapters of this document. It is intended that design engineers will use the Town’s standard drawings on all projects within the Town of Essex. Appendix B contains all pertinent procedural documents for Town projects. Appendix C contains standardized construction forms utilized by the Town of Essex.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Preface iv CHAPTER 1 INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS FOR MUNICIPAL PROJECTS Section Description Page No. Section 100 Copies of Bid Documents 1 Section 110 Qualification of Bidders 1 Section 120 Project Understanding 2 121.0 Examination of Contract Documents 2 122.0 Interpretations and Addenda 3 123.0 Contract Time 4 124.0 Liquidated Damages 4 125.0 Subcontractors 4 Section 130 Bid Submission Requirements 5 131.0 Bid Form 5 132.0 Bid Security or Bid Bond 6 133.0 Submission of Bids 7 134.0 Modification and Withdrawal of Bids 7 Section 140 Project Bid Opening 7 141.0 Opening of Bids 7 142.0 Rejection of Bids 7 143.0 Disqualification of Bidder 8 144.0 Award of Contract 8 Section 150 Bid Protest 9 151.0 Protest Procedure 9 152.0 Stay of Procurement During Protest 10

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Preface v CHAPTER 2 CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS Section Description Page No. Section 200 General Summary 11 Section 210 Engineering Plans 11 211.0 Subdivision Sketch Plan 12 212.0 Subdivision Preliminary Plan 12 213.0 Subdivision Final Plan 13 214.0 Zoning / Site Plan Review 14 Section 220 Traffic Studies 14 221.0 Scope of Study 15 222.0 Analysis Periods 15 223.0 Study Content 15 224.0 Complete Street Compliance 17 225.0 Miscellaneous Requirements 17 Section 230 Plan Approval Actions 18 Section 240 Project Bonds and Letters of Credit 18 Section 250 Highway Agreement 20 Section 260 Pre-Construction Meetings 21 Section 270 Engineering Services 22 Section 280 Final Project Inspections 23 Section 290 Miscellaneous Requirements 23 291.0 Street Names 23 292.0 Street Signs 23 293.0 Street Numbers 24 294.0 Traffic Signs and Striping 24 295.0 Emergency Vehicle Access 25 296.0 Landscaping 25

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Preface vii CHAPTER 4 GENERAL CONDITIONS Section Description Page No. Section 400 Work to Conform 34 Section 410 Construction Safety 34 411.0 Protection of Workers and the Public 34 412.0 Construction Signs 34 413.0 Maintenance and Protection of Traffic 35 414.0 Protection and Repair of Existing Utilities 36 Section 420 Contract Coordination 37 421.0 Shop Drawings and Product data 37 422.0 Field Engineering 37 423.0 Change Order Procedures 38 424.0 Project Payment Requests (For Town Projects) 38 Section 430 Permits 39 Section 440 Work Outside Town Right of Way 39 Section 450 Contractor Supervision 39 Section 460 Construction Meetings and Schedules 40 461.0 Preconstruction Meeting (For Town Projects) 40 462.0 Construction Progress Meeting 40 463.0 Project Scheduling 41 Section 470 Testing and Inspection Requirements 42 471.0 Road Inspection 43 472.0 Potable Water Inspection 44 473.0 Sanitary Sewer Inspection 44 474.0 Stormwater and Erosion Control Inspection 45

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Preface ix CHAPTER 5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Section Description Page No. Section 500 Street Specifications and Related Items 50 501.0 General 50 502.0 Street Design Standards 50 502.1 Geometric Standards for Streets 50 503.0 Street Types 53 503.1 Urban Street 53 503.2 Type A Rural Road (Paved) 54 503.3 Type B Rural Road (Gravel) 54 504.0 Road Cuts (Utility Permit) 55 505.0 Curb Cuts 55 506.0 Excavation 56 506.1 Side Slopes 56 506.2 Embankments 56 506.3 Road Stabilization Fabric 58 506.4 Underdrain 58 507.0 Road Materials 59 507.1 Design Standards 59 507.2 Paved Roads or Streets – Definitions 59 507.3 Gravel Roads – Definitions 60 507.4 Testing Requirements 60 507.5 Sand Subbase 61 507.6 Crushed Gravel for Subbase 61 507.7 Crushed Gravel Filler for Subbase 61 507.8 Dense Graded Crushed Stone for Subbase 61 507.9 Wearing Course Aggregate for Gravel Roads 62 507.10 Bituminous Concrete Pavement 62 508.0 Street Related Items 66 508.1 Street Lighting 66 508.2 Traffic Control Devices 67 508.3 Street Name Signs 67

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Preface x CHAPTER 5 (Continued) Section Description Page No. 508.4 Guard Rails 67 508.5 Street Sideline Monuments 67 509.0 Curbing, Sidewalks, Drive Aprons and Paths 68 509.1 General Requirements 68 509.2 Portland Cement Concrete Curbing 69 509.3 Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalk 69 509.4 Drive Aprons 70 509.4.1 Bituminous Concrete Drive Apron 70 509.4.2 Portland Cement Concrete Drive Apron 70 510.0 Recreation Paths 71 Section 511 Stormwater Control Facilities 71 511.1 General 71 511.2 Open Drainage 72 511.3 Closed Drainage 72 511.4 Materials 72 511.4.1 Pipe 72 511.4.2 Pre-cast Concrete Structures 73 511.4.3 Frames and Grates 73 511.5 Methods of Installation 74 511.5.1 Storm Drain Pipe 74 511.5.2 Drainage Swales 74 511.5.3 Road Underdrain and Slope Drains 75 511.5.4 Drainage Outlets 76 511.6 Testing and Permit Requirements 76 511.6.1 Final Inspection 76 511.6.2 Cleaning and Flushing 77 Section 512 Sanitary Sewer Specifications 77 512.1 General 77 512.2 Gravity Sewer 78 512.3 Forcemain 78 512.4 Materials 78 512.4.1 HDPE Pipe 78 512.4.2 Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe 79 512.4.3 Ductile Iron Sewer Pipe 80

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Preface xi CHAPTER 5 (Continued) Section Description Page No. 512.4.4 Pipe Bedding 80 512.4.5 Directional Bore 81 512.4.6 Precast Concrete Structures 81 512.4.7 Frames and Covers 82 512.4.8 Brick Masonry Inverts 82 512.4.9 Service Connections 83 512.4.10 Sewer Cleanouts 84 512.4.11 Thrust Blocks and Anchors 84 512.5 Methods of Installation 85 512.5.1 Excavation 85 512.5.2 Sewer Pipe Installation 85 512.5.3 HDD-Horizontal Directional Drilling 86 512.5.4 Precast Concrete Manhole Installation 87 512.5.5 Backfill 87 512.5.6 Frost Protection 88 512.6 Final Certification and Testing of Sewer Infrastructure 88 512.6.1 Gravity Sewers 88 512.6.2 HDD-Horizontal Directional Drilling 90 512.6.3 Sanitary Sewer Manhole 91 512.6.4 Sanitary Sewer Forcemain 91 512.7 Cleaning and Flushing 92 Section 513 Municipal Wastewater Pump Stations 92 513.1 General 92 513.2 Prefabricated Pump Station System 93 513.3 Product Data and Shop Drawings 94 513.4 Typical Pump Station Operation 95 513.5 Pump Station Requirements 95 513.6 Pumps and Process Piping 97 513.7 Electrical System 97 513.8 System Controls 98 513.9 Alarm System 105 513.10 Emergency Generator 107 513.11 Services of Manufacturer 107 513.12 Warranty 107

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Preface xii CHAPTER 5 (Continued) Section Description Page No. 513.13 Factory Test 108 513.14 Field Start Up 108 513.15 Operation and Maintenance Manual 108 Section 514 Potable Water Specifications 109 514.1 General 109 514.2 Materials 110 514.2.1 Pipe 110 514.2.2 Fittings 112 514.2.3 Valves 112 514.2.4 Fire Hydrants 113 514.2.5 Connections to Existing Infrastructure 113 514.2.6 Pipe Bleeding 114 514.2.7 Service Connections 114 514.2.8 Thrust Blocks and Anchors 115 514.3 Methods of Installation 115 514.3.1 Excavation 115 514.3.2 Watermain Pipe Installation 116 514.3.2.1 HDD – Horizontal Directional Drilling 117 514.3.4 Water Service Connection 119 514.3.5 Backfill 119 514.3.6 Water and Sewer Separation 120 514.3.7 Frost Protection 120 514.3.8 Use of Water by Contractors 120 514.4 Final Certification 121 514.4.1 Pressure Test 121 514.4.2 Flushing and Disinfection 121 514.4.3 Bacteriological Test 122 514.4.4 HDD Pressure Testing 122 514.4.4.1 Testing Methods 123 514.4.4.2 Failed Bore Path 123 514.4.5 Meter Installation 123 Section 515 Landscaping 123 515.1 General 123

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Preface xiii 515.2 Materials 124 CHAPTER 5 (Continued) Section Description Page No. 515.2.1 Trees, Shrubs, and Ground Cover 124 515.2.2 Seed 124 515.2.3 Topsoil 125 515.2.4 Mulch 125 515.2.5 Fertilizer 126 515.2.6 Limestone 126 515.2.7 Erosion Matting 126 515.2.8 Establishment of Turf 126 515.2.9 Site Preparation 127 515.2.10 Topsoiling 127 515.2.11 Seeding, Fertilizer, and Mulch 127 515.2.12 Sodding 128 515.2.13 Planting Trees, Shrubs, and Ground Cover 128 515.2.14 Planting Preparation 128 515.2.15 Planting Installation 128 515.2.16 Maintenance of Work 129 515.2.17 Mailboxes Within the ROW 130

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Preface xiv APPENDIX A STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAILS SERIES DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. 100.0 STREET SECTIONS AND DETAILS 100.01 Street Plan View Typical A-1 100.02 Urban Street A-2 100.03 Type A Rural Road (Paved) A-3 100.04 Type B Rural Road (Gravel) A-4 100.05 Concrete Sidewalk A-5 100.06 Concrete Sidewalk Ramps A-6 100.07 Concrete Curb A-7 100.08 Driveway Apron A-8 100.09 Rural Driveway A-9 100.10 Driveway (Type A) A-10 100.11 Driveway (Type B) A-11 100.12 Recreation Path A-12 100.13 Trench Repair A-13 200.0 STORM DETAILS 200.01 Drop Inlet A-14 200.02 Catch Basin A-15 200.03 Storm Drain Manhole A-16 200.04 Storm Pipe Trench A-17 200.05 Storm Outfall A-18 200.06 Drainage Swales A-19 200.07 Roadway Underdrain A-20 200.08 Curtain Drain A-21 300.0 SANITARY SEWER DETAILS 300.01 Sanitary Sewer Manhole A-22 300.02 Sanitary Sewer Manhole Invert A-23 300.03 Inside Drop Manhole A-24 300.04 Sanitary Sewer Trench (Gravity) A-25 300.05 Sanitary Sewer Trench (Forcemain) A-26 300.06 Service Connection A-27 300.07 Sanitary Sewer Cleanout A-28 300.08 Forcemain Manhole Connection A-29 300.09 Auxiliary Discharge Manhole A-30

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Preface xv APPENDIX A (Continued) SERIES DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. 400.0 WATER DETAILS 400.01 Water Trench A-31 400.02 Fire Hydrant A-32 400.03 Concrete Thrust Block A-33 400.04 Water and Sewer Crossing A-34 400.05 Water Service Connection A-35 400.06 Tapping Sleeve and Valve A-36 400.07 Transite Water Main Connection A-37 400.08 Jack and Bore Sleeve A-38 400.09 Pipe Insulation A-39 400.10 Water Meter Installation A-40 500.0 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL DETAILS 500.01 Stabilized Construction Entrance A-41 500.02 Stone Check Dam A-42 500.03 Sediment Containment Filter Bag A-43 500.04 Drainage Inlet Protection Details A-44 500.05 Culvert Inlet Protection A-45 500.06 Silt Fence A-46 500.07 Slope Stabilization A-47 500.08 Stockpile Erosion Protection A-48 600.0 MISCELLANEOUS 600.01 Street Tree Planting A-49 600.02 Street Name Signs A-50

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Instructions to Bidders 1 CHAPTER 1 INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS FOR MUNICIPAL PROJECTS Section 100 Copies of Bid Documents Complete sets of the Bid Documents are available for the sum stated in the Advertisement for Bids from The Town of Essex, or the Project Engineer. This amount represents reproduction costs and is non-refundable. A complete bidder’s package containing plans, specifications, bond forms, contract form, affidavits, bid forms and any related documents deemed applicable to the Town will be made available to qualified bidders. Complete sets of Bid Documents must be used in preparing bids. Neither the Town of Essex nor the Project Engineer shall be liable for errors or misinterpretations resulting from the use of incomplete sets of Bid Documents, by Bidders, sub-bidders or others. The Town of Essex, in making copies of Bid Documents available on the above terms, does so only for the purpose of obtaining Bids on the Work and does not confer a license or grant any other permission to use the documents for any other purpose. The Town Manager and Public Works Director shall determine if the advertising is necessary, unless the project involves Federal, or State funding with specific advertising requirements. Section 110 Qualification of Bidders Each prospective Bidder must pre-qualify to demonstrate, to the complete satisfaction of the Town of Essex, that the Bidder has the necessary facilities, equipment, ability, financial resources and experience to perform the work in a satisfactory manner before obtaining drawings, specifications and contract documents. The Town of Essex will require all Contractors bidding on Town projects to complete a Certification of Bidders Qualifications and Use of Subcontracted Services, and submit this completed form at the time Bids are due. A copy of this form will be provided with individual bid packages and can be found in Appendix B of this document.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Instructions to Bidders 2 Section 120 Project Understanding 121.0 Examination of Contract Documents It is the responsibility of each Bidder, before submitting a Bid, to do the following. 1. Examine and comprehend the Contract Documents thoroughly. 2. Visit the site to become familiar with local conditions that may in any manner affect cost, progress, performance or furnishing of the work. 3. Consider and abide by all applicable federal, state and local laws, ordinances, rules and regulations. 4. Study and carefully correlate Bidder's observations with the Contract Documents, and notify Project Engineer of all conflicts, errors or discrepancies in the Contract Documents. Bidders shall reference the Technical Specifications and/or the Scope of the Work for identification of those reports of explorations and tests of subsurface conditions at the site which have been utilized by the Project Engineer in the preparation of the Contract Documents, Bidders may rely upon the accuracy of the technical data contained in such reports but not upon non-technical data, interpretations or opinions contained therein or for the completeness thereof for the purposes of bidding or construction. In reference to those drawings relating to physical conditions of existing surface and subsurface conditions (except Underground Facilities) which are at or contiguous to the site and which have been utilized by the Project Engineer in preparation of the Contract Documents, bidders may rely upon the accuracy of the technical data contained in such drawings but not upon the completeness thereof for the purposes of bidding or construction. Information and data reflected in the Contract Documents with respect to underground facilities at or contiguous to the site are based upon information and data furnished to the Town of Essex and Project Engineer by owners of such underground facilities or others, and the Town of Essex does not assume responsibility for the accuracy or completeness thereof unless expressly provided in the Contract Documents. Provisions concerning responsibilities for the adequacy of data furnished to prospective Bidders on subsurface conditions, underground facilities, other physical conditions, possible conditions, and possible changes in the Contract Documents due to differing conditions appear in the General Conditions.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Instructions to Bidders 3 Before submitting a Bid, each Bidder shall, at his/her own expense, make or obtain any additional examinations, investigations, explorations, tests and studies and obtain any additional information and data which pertain to the physical conditions (surface, subsurface and Underground Facilities) at or contiguous to the site which may otherwise affect cost, progress, performance or furnishing the work in accordance with the time, price and other terms and conditions of the Contract Documents. Upon request in advance by the Bidder, the Town of Essex will provide each Bidder access to the site to conduct such explorations and tests at Bidder's own expense as each Bidder deems necessary for submission of a Bid. Bidder shall fill all holes and clean up and restore the site to its former condition upon completion of such explorations and tests. The lands upon which the Work is to be performed, rights-of-way and easements for access thereto and other lands designated for use by the Contractor in performing the Work are identified in the Contract Documents. All additional lands and access thereto required for temporary construction facilities or storage of materials and equipment are to be provided by the Contractor. Easements for permanent structures or permanent changes in existing structures are to be obtained and paid for by the Town of Essex unless otherwise provided in the Contract Documents. Any or all sites within the Town used in connection with the project, such as materials disposal sites, material storage or staging sites shall be subject to the erosion control procedures set forth in the Public Works Specifications, Town related Ordinances/regulations, and / or State regulations and permit requirements. The submission of a Bid will constitute an unequivocal representation by the Bidder that the Bidder has complied with every requirement of these Instructions to Bidders and that, without exception, the Bid is premised upon performing and furnishing the Work required by the Contract Documents by such means, methods, techniques, sequences or procedures of construction as may be indicated in or required by the Contract Documents, and that the Contract Documents are sufficient in scope and detail to indicate and convey understanding of all terms and conditions of performance and furnishing of the work. 122.0 Interpretations and Addenda All questions as to the meaning or intent of the Contract Documents are to be directed in writing to the Project Engineer. The Town of Essex Public Works Director may also perform the duties of Project Engineer on projects designed by in-house personnel. Interpretations or clarifications considered necessary by

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Instructions to Bidders 4 the Project Engineer in response to such questions will be issued by Addenda, either by mail, e-mail or facsimile transmission, to all plan holders of record. The Public Works Director may also perform the duties of Project Engineer on projects designed internally by Town personnel. Questions received less than ten (10) days prior to the date for opening of Bids will not be answered. Only information provided by formal written Addenda will be binding. Oral and other interpretations of clarifications will be without legal effect. An Addendum may also be issued to modify the Bidding Documents as deemed advisable by the Town of Essex or Project Engineer. If the Bid Documents are amended, then all terms and conditions which are not modified remain unchanged. Bidders shall acknowledge receipt of any addendum to this bidding Document (1) by identifying the addendum number and date on the bid form, or (2) by letter, telegram, or facsimile, if those latter methods are authorized in the Bidding Document. Bids which fail to acknowledge the bidder’s receipt of any addendum will result in the rejection of the bid if the addendum (addenda) contained information which substantively changed the Town of Essex’s requirements. Addenda will be on file in the offices of the Town of Essex at least 5 days before the bid opening. 123.0 Contract Time The number of consecutive calendar days within which the work is to be completed is set forth in the Contract Documents. The Town of Essex shall reserve the right to adjust the Contract Time, in accordance with this document. 124.0 Liquidated Damages Provisions for liquidated damages are set forth in the Contract Agreement, when required by the project. The Town of Essex reserves the right to waive all or any portion of any Liquidated Damages accrued during a project. 125.0 Subcontractors The Bidder shall submit with their bid an experience statement with pertinent information as to similar projects and other evidence of qualification for each Subcontractor, supplier, person and organization to be used by the Contractor in the completion of the Work. The amount of subcontract work shall not exceed fifty percent (50%) of the work except as may be specifically approved by the

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Instructions to Bidders 5 Town of Essex. The Town of Essex reserves the right to contact any Subcontractor, supplier, other person or organization, before recommending award of the Contract, if there is reasonable objection to any proposed Subcontractor. If, when requested to by the Town of Essex, the successful Bidder declines to make an acceptable substitution without an increase in Contract Price or Contract Time, the Town may award the contract to the next lowest and most responsive Bidder that proposes to use acceptable Subcontractors, Suppliers, and other persons and organizations. Declining to make requested substitutions will not constitute grounds for sacrificing the Bid security to the Town of Essex of any Bidder. Any Subcontractor, supplier, other person or organization listed by the Contractor and to whom the Project Engineer or Public Works Director does not make written objection prior to the recommendation of award to the Town of Essex will be deemed acceptable to the Town of Essex subject to revocation of such acceptance after the Effective Date of the Contract Agreement. Section 130 Bid Submission Requirements 131.0 Bid Form The Bid Form is included with the Contract Documents and shall be completed in ink or by typewriter. All blanks on the Bid Form must be completed. The Bidder must state in the Bid Form in words and numerals without deletions, alterations or erasures, the price for which he/she will perform the work as required by the Contract Documents. Bidders are required to bid on all items in the Bid form. If a bidder submits a unit bid price of zero for a contract bid item, the bid will be declared invalid. The unit price for each section or item shall be for furnishing all equipment, materials, and labor for completing the section or item as per the plans and contract specifications. Should it be found that quantities or amounts shown on the plans or in the proposal, for any part of the work, are exceeded or should they be found to be less after the actual construction of the work, the amount bid for each section or item will be increased or decreased in direct proportion to the unit prices bid for the listed individual items. In case of a discrepancy between a unit price written in words and one entered in figures, the price written in words shall govern. In case of a discrepancy between the bid total written in words and that entered as a figure, the bid total is determined by the unit price written in words multiplied by the quantity shall govern.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Instructions to Bidders 6 Bids by corporations shall be executed in the corporate name by the president or a vice-president (or other corporate officer accompanied by evidence of authority to sign) and the corporate seal shall be affixed. The corporate address and state of incorporation shall be shown below the Signature. If requested, the person signing a Bid for a corporation or partnership shall produce evidence satisfactory to the Town of Essex of the person's authority to bind the corporation or partnership. Bids by partnerships shall be executed in the partnership name and signed by a general partner, whose title shall appear under the signature and the official address of the partnership shall be shown below the signature. Bidders are required to submit a signed and completed copy of the Town’s Hold Harmless Agreement, and the Certification of Bidders Qualifications form found in the appendices of this document. 132.0 Bid Security or Bid Bond When required by the project, each Bid must be accompanied by Bid Security made payable to the Town of Essex in an amount equal to ten percent (10%) of the Bidder’s maximum Bid price and in the form of a certified or cashier’s check or a Bid Bond issued by a surety meeting the requirements of this document. A copy of the appropriate Bid Bond form can be found in Appendix B of this document. A cash bid bond will not be accepted. The Bid Security of the Successful Bidder will be retained until such Bidder has executed the Agreement and furnished Payment and Performance bonds, when required by the project, whereupon the Bid Security will be returned. If the Successful Bidder fails to execute and deliver the Agreement and furnish the required Bonds within ten (10) days after the award of contract by the Town of Essex, the Town may annul the bid and the Bid Security of the Bidder will be forfeited. The Bid Security of any Bidder whom the Town believes to have a reasonable chance of receiving the award may be retained by the Town until the successful execution of the agreement with the successful Bidder or for a period up to ninety (90) days following bid opening. Security of other Bidders will be returned approximately fourteen (14) days after the Bid opening. The Bid Bond shall be issued in the favor of the Town of Essex by a surety company qualified to do business in, and having a registered agent in the State of Vermont.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Instructions to Bidders 7 133.0 Submission of Bids Sealed Bids shall be submitted at or before the time and at the place indicated in the Advertisement for Bids. If forwarded by mail, the Bid shall be enclosed in another envelope with the notation "Bid Enclosed" on the face thereof and addressed to the Town of Essex, attention Public Works Director. Bids will be received at the location indicated in the Advertisement until the time and date specified. Telegraphic or facsimile bids will not be accepted. 134.0 Modification and Withdrawal of Bids Bids may be modified or withdrawn by an appropriate document duly executed (in the manner that a Bid must be executed) and delivered as described in the Advertisement of Bids. A request for withdrawal or a modification shall be in writing and signed by a person duly authorized to do so. Withdrawal of a Bid will not prejudice the rights of a Bidder to submit a new Bid prior to the Bid Date and Time. After expiration of the period for receiving Bids, no Bid may be withdrawn or modified. Section 140 Project Bid Opening 141.0 Opening of Bids Bids will be opened and read publicly at the location and time stated in the Advertisement for Bids. Bidders are invited to be present at the opening of bids. All sealed bids will be opened in public, in the presence of at least one (1) witness, at the time and location specified in the bid documents. 142.0 Rejection of Bids To the extent permitted by applicable State and Federal laws and regulations, the Town of Essex reserves the right to reject any and all Bids, and to waive any and all informalities. Grounds for the rejection of a bid include but are not limited to failure to submit on time, a material omission, unauthorized alteration of form, unauthorized alternate bids, incomplete or unbalanced unit prices, or irregularities of any kind. The Town of Essex reserves the right to reject any Bid if the Town believes that it would not be in the best interest of the public to make an award to that Bidder, whether because the Bid is not responsive or the Bidder is unqualified or of doubtful financial ability or fails to meet any other pertinent standard or criteria

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Instructions to Bidders 8 established by the Town. The Town of Essex reserves the right to decide which bid is deemed to be the lowest and best in the interest of the public. 143.0 Disqualification of Bidder Any or all bids will be rejected if there is any reason for believing that collusion exists among the bidders. The participants in such collusion will not be considered in future proposals for the same work. Each Bidder shall execute the Non-Collusion Affidavit contained in the Contract Documents, when required by the project. 144.0 Award of Contract In evaluating the Bids, the Town of Essex will consider the qualifications of the Bidders, whether or not the Bids comply with the prescribed requirements, unit prices, and other data as may be requested in the Bid/Proposal form. The Town may consider the qualifications and experience of Subcontractors, suppliers and other persons and organizations proposed by the Contractor for the Work. The Town of Essex may conduct such investigations as it deems necessary to assist in the evaluation of any Bid and to establish the responsibility, qualifications and financial ability of Bidders, proposed Subcontractors, Suppliers and other persons, and organizations to perform and furnish the Work in accordance with the Contract Documents to the Town's satisfaction within the prescribed time. The Award of a Contract shall be based upon Section V of the Town’s purchasing policy which states “The contract shall be awarded with reasonable promptness by appropriate written notice to the lowest responsible and responsive bidder whose bid meets the requirements set forth in the specifications.” The Award of a Contract will be made for that combination of base bid and alternate bid items in the best interest of the Town of Essex, however, unless otherwise specified all work awarded will be awarded to only one Contractor. All bidders shall be notified of the Award of Contract, and a tabulation of all bids received will be forwarded to all bidders.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Instructions to Bidders 9 Section 150 Bid Protest Any actual bidder who is aggrieved in connection with the solicitation or award of a contract may seek resolution of his/her complaints initially with the Public Works Director / Town Engineer, and if not satisfied, with the Town Manager, in accordance with protest procedures set forth in this section. 151.0 Protest Procedure 1. A protest with respect to the specifications of an invitation for bid or request for proposal shall be submitted in writing a minimum of five (5) work days prior to the opening of the bid or due date of the request for proposal. Opening dates for bids or due dates for requests for proposal will be printed on the bid/request document itself. 2. Protests in respect to award of contract shall be submitted in writing a maximum of three (3) business days after notice of intent to award is posted, or is mailed to each bidder, whichever is earlier. Notice of intent to award will be forwarded to bidders upon telephonic or written request. Protests of recommended award should cite specific portions of the Town of Essex ordinances that have allegedly been violated. 3. Exceptions to the time requirements noted in both 1 and 2 above may be granted if the aggrieved person could have not been reasonably expected to have knowledge of the facts giving rise to such protest prior to the bid opening, posting of intent to award, or due date for requests for proposals. Request for exceptions should be made in writing, stating reasons for the exception. 4. The Public Works Director shall respond to the formal written protest within five business days of receipt. The Public Works Director / Town Engineer response will be fully coordinated with the appropriate Department Director and the Town Manager. 5. If the protestor is not satisfied with the response from the Public Works Director, he/she may then submit in writing within five business days of receipt of that response his/her reason for dissatisfaction, along with copies of his/her original formal protest letter and the response from the Public Works Director / Town Engineer, to the Town Manager. 6. The Town Manager as Purchasing Agent for the Town of Essex has the final authority in the matter of protests. The Town Manager will respond to the protestor within ten business days of receipt of the appeal.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 11 CHAPTER 2 CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS Section 200 General Summary In addition to the requirements contained in this document, applicants seeking development approval from the Town Essex must also meet the requirements of this section and the Town's Subdivision and Zoning Regulations and all adopted ordinances of the Town, including but not limited to Chapter 9.02, Highways, Chapter 10.12, Water Use, Chapter 10.16, Sewer Use, Chapter 10.18, Wastewater Allocation and Chapter 10.20, Storm water. Engineering data on public facilities is required at each stage of the plan review process. Upon approval of the plans for facilities by the appropriate Town Board and the Public Works Director/Town Engineer, there must be a pre-construction meeting prior to the initiation of construction. During construction, inspection is required both by the developer and the Town of Essex. Upon completion of the construction and testing, the project developer's engineer will be required to certify that all construction was in accordance with the approved plans/specifications and all requirements found within this document. Following final approval by the Town of all plans, construction, testing and engineering verification, the Town will approve the project and accept the infrastructure associated with the public utilities. Acceptance of public streets and certification to the State of Vermont of such road acceptance requires formal approval by the Selectboard. On all development projects requiring a Highway Agreement, the developer is responsible for the condition of all infrastructure for three years from date of road acceptance by the Selectboard. During the three (3) year period, the Town will maintain winter access by plowing the new public roads. Before the three (3) year warranty begins, the project developers engineer shall provide a completed Verification of Utilities (Infrastructure) form, found in Appendix B of this document to the Town of Essex. Section 210 Engineering Plans At each stage of a project's development, engineering plans and documentation are required to determine project compliance with Town standards. This includes the verification of the location and identification of existing utilities. The level of engineering detail required for approval generally increases with each stage of development approval.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 12 All engineering plans or documentation of an engineering nature submitted to the Town of Essex must be prepared by, or under the direct supervision of, a VT licensed Professional Engineer as set forth in Title 26, Section 1161. The term "Professional Engineer" as used in Title 26, Section 1161 means "... a person licensed under this chapter” "Qualified" in the opinion of the Town of Essex means having a current VT professional engineer's license in a discipline related to preparation of development plans such as but not limited to “civil”, “water resources” or the like, or working under the direct supervision of, and in the employment of a VT licensed Professional Engineer. 211.0 Subdivision Sketch Plan The degree of engineering detail shall generally be at the feasibility level, to include preliminary information on proposed roads, drainage, sewer, water and other utilities. The purpose of sketch plan reviews by Public Works is to provide very broad general comments on the feasibility of the project and to identify any permits or potential issues that may affect the ability of the project to obtain further approvals. Engineering studies need to be directed towards resolution of the following questions: 1. Will the proposed roads be able to meet the Public Works Standards and Subdivision Regulations with respect to surface type (gravel / paved), grade, curve radius, length, width, capacity, sight distance, surface drainage etc.? 2. Is there adequate water (pressure and flow) and is it of adequate quality (non-municipal on-site wells)? 3. Is there available and adequate sewer capacity? 4. Can adequate drainage be designed and constructed to limit off-site impacts? 5. Are there other elements of an engineering nature, which cannot be resolved on the project? 6. For developments within the Town of Essex designated sewer core, the issue of wastewater allocation for the project must be resolved prior to submittal of preliminary plans. This may involve Selectboard approval. 212.0 Subdivision Preliminary Plan The intent of the plan review at this stage is to insure that all major issues have been addressed to the extent that the project, if constructed, can demonstrate compliance with Town standards and accepted engineering

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 13 practice. Only minor details not impacting the viability of the project should be left for consideration during the final design stage. At this stage of the request for approval, it is expected that complete final design plans/specifications have been submitted for review and reports/study results have been submitted as noted later in this section. The Subdivision Regulations are explicit on what is required with respect to plans/specifications. Technical checklists are also available from the Community Development office. Impact studies/reports must be completed such as traffic access and impact, water or sewer system impact, drainage calculations, etc. The general content of these studies should include the following: 1. A storm water study which addresses storm water conditions, impervious and disturbed area calculations, impacts and design compliance to meet applicable local and state requirements. 2. A utility report which addresses the anticipated domestic water and wastewater usage using the values according to the Town ordinances and compliance with the Town’s wastewater allocation process. Fire demand estimates and the ability of the Town’s water system to meet the fire demands shall be provided. Designs shall be submitted to meet or exceed any deficiencies between the Town’s ability to serve the proposed development and the development’s utility requirements. 3. A traffic study as outlined in Section 220 of this document. 4. Any additional studies which may be required to address issues with infrastructure or facilities to be installed as part of the project. 5. All engineering studies expire two (2) years following the date of Town preliminary approval, unless construction has been initiated or the time requirement is extended by the Public Works Director/Town Engineer. 6. Specific details, such as sewer trench cross-section details, pump station layout, etc. would be beneficial at this stage but may be omitted if the details in these Specifications are referenced. 213.0 Subdivision Final Plan Without exception, all Preliminary plan review comments shall be addressed at this stage. Plans submitted at this stage shall be 100% complete and ready for construction. All details of construction must be included and all impacts must be identified and resolved prior to submittal for final approval.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 14 The Public Works Director/Town Engineer will approve final plans only after they are determined to be complete and ready for construction. 214.0 Zoning / Site Plan Review Development Site Plan requirements are set forth in the current version of the Town of Essex Zoning Regulations and in Title 24, Section 4414, VSA. In reviewing site plans, the Planning Commission may impose appropriate conditions and safeguards with respect to conformance of the project to the Town Plan, Dimensional requirements of the Zoning Regulations, Aesthetics, outstanding violations, natural features (including topography, surface waters and wetlands), pedestrian access, lighting and fire protection. Adequacy of sewer / water / drainage are not required for site plan review but are required as part of building permit application. It is recommended that resolution of any sewer / water / drainage issues be made concurrently with the submittal of plans for site plan review. In general, the same type of studies required under Section 212 of these specifications shall be required as part of the Public Work’s approval process for site plan and building permit review. The detail and extent of the report is anticipated to be commensurate with the scale of each building project. Section 220 Traffic Studies One of the major issues requiring resolution in the development of all projects is the traffic access and impact. The following guideline has been developed to assist in determining the need for traffic studies and analysis of impacts. A completed traffic study, encompassing some or all of the requirements listed under study content will be required for all commercial and industrial developments and/or expansions and for any residential project with 10 or more living units. All projects involving any new or revised road curb-cuts regardless of type or size will at a minimum require a sight distance, estimate of traffic generation, drainage impact and safety analysis. Because each project is unique, the Town reserves the right to modify the guidelines accordingly. All traffic studies, except those involving simple curb-cut issues, must be prepared and submitted by a VT professional engineer, with specific engineering experience in the development of such studies. Exceptions to this requirement may be considered for minor projects with approval of the Public Works Director/Town Engineer.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 15 Prior to development of a traffic study, it is recommended that consultation be made with the Public Works Director/Town Engineer to verify the needed level and complexity of the traffic study for the specific project. 221.0 Scope of Study The general scope of the study shall include the impacts of project driveways and intersections, project and adjacent street(s) traffic volumes, Levels of Service, delays of the project on adjacent signalized and un-signalized intersections, and other locations as stipulated by the Public Works Director/Town Engineer. 222.0 Analysis Periods The analysis periods shall be 1. Base year - time of project or major phase completion. 2. Planning year 3. If the project is fully completed in the base year - base year plus five years. 4. If the project is not fully completed in the base year - base year plus five years or year of final completion, whichever is longer. 223.0 Study Content Each traffic study shall contain the following information available for review. The degree of emphasis placed on each element may vary with the scope and complexity of the project. 1. An analysis of existing conditions must be performed: a. Geometrics of immediate access points, affected highways segments and intersections, and impacted existing traffic control devices. b. Speed limit information in the Study area. c. Sight distances (intersection and stopping at the proposed access points) d. Traffic data – counts and turning movements at or in the vicinity of the access point and affected highways /intersections e. Information on approved but not yet constructed development in the vicinity of the proposed access point or pending highway improvements directly affecting the Study area 2. The traffic characteristics of the proposed project must be defined. a. General description of the project

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 16 b. General layout of the access and adjacent road c. Trip generation rates from the latest ITE Trip Generation Manual or in the absence of ITE data, reliable trip generation data from similar facilities d. Project phasing impacts on traffic generation 3. The traffic projection needs to be developed and analyzed for the following scenarios a. Construction year no build (background traffic) b. Construction year build (background and project traffic) c. Planning year no build (background traffic & growth) d. Planning year build (background & project traffic & growth) e. The data shall be presented in tabular form 4. Capacity and Warrant Analysis must be provided. 5. Documented warrant evaluations for: a. Geometric needs in terms of 30th highest hour volumes. b. Signal needs in terms of average weekday volumes. 6. Traffic performance evaluations for all study locations in terms of 30th highest hour volumes for the selected analysis periods. a. Numerical measures of capacity. b. Level of service descriptions, delay and gap calculations. 7. Study of proposed driveway(s) features a. Sight distances b. Non-interfering approach speeds on the intersecting street or road c. Acceptable spacing with respect to adjacent intersections and/or major driveways d. Recommended driveway configuration in terms of number and use of lanes, lane widths, turning radii, and edge of pavement designs. 8. Safety evaluation on main roadway or intersection at project driveway(s). a. Summary of accident characteristics for the past five years by: i. Cause ii. Type iii. Severity 9. Comparison of actual and critical accident rates a. Roadway - accidents per 1,000,000 vehicles b. Intersection - accidents per 1,000,000 incoming vehicles 10. Recommended improvements for any accident prone locations 11. Summary of any recommended geometric and/or control improvements to provide proper traffic performance and safety. 12. A summary of findings and recommendations for mitigation of impacts must be provided. a. Geometric improvements b. Signal installation or re-timing c. Access management

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 17 d. Other, i.e. traffic calming measures. 224.0 Complete Street Compliance All new developments shall include infrastructure features that comply with the latest Complete Streets Guidance promulgated by VTrans or the VT Department of Health in compliance with the State of Vermont Complete Streets Law, 19VSA, 309d. 225.0 Miscellaneous Requirements 1. Facilities for pedestrians, bicyclists, and/or handicapped persons. a. As part of any traffic study, consideration shall be made for pedestrian, bicycle and other features and documentation of consideration shall be provided within the traffic study. b. All development projects shall either construct off-road pedestrian/bicycle facilities along the public road frontage or shall provide funds equal to the cost of such facilities along the project’s road frontage in lieu of such construction. Projects may also be required to provide easements along the project’s road frontage for future walks/paths. Payment in lieu of walk/path construction may be made to the Town if determined appropriate to the scope of the development project. Estimates of payment costs in lieu of walks shall be established on a case by case basis based on linear footage required and cost estimates determined by the Public Works Director/Town Engineer. At such time as the Town may develop a sidewalk/path impact fee, said fee will determine the costs to be paid. c. Mid-block pedestrian crossings are discouraged but may be approved by the Public Works Director/Town Engineer in unique situations and only with appropriate signage, striping and/or other controls. d. All new sidewalks and paths shall be fully ADA compliant, including any existing sidewalks or paths impacted by and generally adjacent to the project. 2. Evaluation of internal circulation a. Internal traffic circulation shall be evaluated by the design engineer using templates to enable safe onsite movement of all traffic and to prevent traffic movement conflicts, especially in the vicinity of both internal intersections and development intersections with existing public roads. 3. Parking requirements

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 18 a. All parking spaces shall be designed to minimize conflicting traffic movements, to minimize the impact of parking movements near intersections and to minimize the impact of impervious surfaces with respect to storm water discharges. 4. Dig-Safe requirements a. Dig Safe shall be notified prior to any excavation within the Town of Essex. b. The Town of Essex is not a member of Dig-Safe. Public Works must be contacted to provide information on buried municipal water, sewer and storm drainage lines. Section 230 Plan Approval Actions Upon receipt of acceptable final engineering plans, the Public Works Director / Town Engineer will approve the plans for construction. Prior to proceeding with construction, a pre-construction meeting will be required. Three sets of paper working drawings will be submitted to the Public Works Department prior to or at the pre-construction meeting as well as an electronic copy of the plans and specifications. Furthermore, an estimate of the project cost must be submitted as part of the requirement for a project bond on quantity estimate sheets as noted in the Appendix to this document. Section 240 Project Bonds and Letters of Credit A Highway Agreement similar to that found in Appendix C of these specifications shall be executed between the Town of Essex and the developer prior to the start of construction on any project which will involve infrastructure that is intended for acceptance by the Town. All of the public works improvements to be dedicated to the Town of Essex shall be guaranteed by a bond or letter of credit provided to the benefit of the Town at no cost to the Town. The bond shall be in an amount sufficient to cover 100 % of the total estimated construction costs of the improvements as approved by the Town Engineer. The bond shall be conditioned upon the satisfactory completion of the improvements for a period of three years from the date of written construction acceptance by the Town. In some cases, and only with the agreement of the Public Works Director/Town Engineer, a developer may opt to initiate construction after a Highway Agreement has been signed and total project cost estimates provided to the Town, but not post a Letter of Credit or Bond at start of construction. This shall only be allowed if the developer creates an escrow account with a balance of 100% of the total estimated project costs.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 19 Prior to establishment of a satisfactory dollar value for the bonds or escrow account, the developer shall submit an accurate construction estimate on the form outlined in Appendix C of these Specifications. The completed document shall be submitted to the Town Engineer for review and approval prior to posting of a bond or letter of credit. Releases to the bond will be made based on satisfactory progress, but no more than one release per month will be allowed because of processing requirements. The developer is required to notify the Town if the actual construction costs exceed the Letter of Credit approved estimate by 15% or more. If this occurs a revision to the dollar value of the Letter of Credit shall be made such that all release payments and the final 10% guarantee for three years shall reflect the new construction estimate. New highway agreements are written with a 15-month construction period. The 36-month guarantee period includes a 10% retainage on the highway agreement. Requests for extensions of the 15-month construction period must be made by the developer to the Town in writing. If a request for an extension is not made prior to the expiration of the Letter of Credit, a fine may be imposed on the developer. The fine may be up to 1% per month of the original letter of credit estimate for every month over the original 15 month construction period or any extension thereof. Such fine is non-refundable and must be paid in full prior to any acceptance of infrastructure by the Town. Projects are generally split into phases with a separate highway agreement for each phase. To avoid conflicts over reductions in payment and questions over responsibility for winter maintenance during construction, the following procedure is established. 1. Partial releases will be made for storm sewers, provided the constructed portion for which the release is requested is functional and approvable. 2. Partial releases for water and sewer will not be made until sections of sewer or water lines are 100% complete, tested and accepted by the Town. No credit will be given for the cost or partial construction of these systems. A letter of credit is not required to be posted with the Town until the first building permit is requested. The Town will acknowledge construction completed to date and allow a reduced letter of credit to be filed. However, the filed letter of credit cannot drop below the following: 1. 15% of the original cost (if Record Drawings are not provided) plus the cost of any remaining work required work.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 20 2. 10% of the original project cost (if Record Drawings are provided) plus the cost of any remaining required work. Section 250 Highway Agreement All development projects that involve the construction of infrastructure intended or required for transfer to the Town upon completion of construction shall be required to have a signed highway agreement prior to initiation of construction. The developer shall submit a signed Highway Agreement and an accurate construction estimate of the total cost of the project on a Town form at the pre-construction meeting. The construction cost estimate must be submitted on the cost estimate form provided in Appendix C of these Specifications. The cost estimate shall be submitted to the Town and approved as being representative of the project costs prior to acceptance of the Highway Agreement. New development agreements are written with a 15- month construction period. If the construction period is anticipated to extend beyond the 15-month period, then application must be made in writing to extend the construction period beyond the 15 months. Following Town acceptance of the construction there is a 36-month warranty period on all installed, new infrastructure. Projects are generally split into phases with a separate highway agreement for each phase. To avoid conflicts over reductions in payment and questions over responsibility for winter maintenance during construction, the following procedure is established. 1. The Town of Essex Public Works will provide winter snow removal services during the first winter of the highway construction phase provided that the base course asphalt is in place and all applicable safety devices (i.e. guardrail) have been installed. All sewer manholes, catch basins, valve boxes and similar structures that may exist in the roadway, must be protected at the Project Developers expense. These items shall be installed to base course grade and raised at final paving with adjustable grade rings. Any plow damage to structures caused by inadequate grade adjustment shall be repaired by the Project Developer at no cost to the Town. If only the base gravel course has been constructed, the Project Developer shall be responsible for plowing, salting, and sanding all unpaved streets. Building permits should generally not be requested for streets, which cannot have a base course of pavement on them prior to winter.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 21 2. It is recommended that the top course of asphalt not be laid during the first season of construction. Construction settlements or frost damage historically shows up the following spring. By postponing the top course, corrections can be made at less expense to the developer. It should be noted however, heavy construction vehicles traveling over a thin base may destroy the base course prior to paving the top course. To alleviate this problem, the base course should be 2 1/2" thick if allowed to sit the winter or construction equipment should be kept off the paved base course until the final course is applied. Section 260 Pre-Construction Meetings Before a pre-construction meeting can be held, the developer must provide the Community Development Office with the following information: 1. Proposed or Executed Highway Agreement 2. All deeds, irrevocable offers of dedication and/or easements 3. Cost estimate for construction 4. Project Construction Schedule 5. Evidence that all the requirements and conditions imposed by the Planning Commission, Zoning Board or Select board have been addressed. 6. Three (3) copies of all approved project plans and specifications and an electronic copy shall be provided to the Town of Essex prior to or at the pre-construction meeting. 7. Evidence that the required mylar depicting all lots, rights of way and easements has been recorded. 8. Copies of any permits issued on the project by parties other than the Town, such as but not limited to permits to work in the State Highway Right of Way, State storm water permits and Act 250 permits, shall be provided to the Town. Following receipt, review and approval of the noted documentation, the Town of Essex will schedule a pre-construction meeting. In attendance will be: 1. Project Owner / Project Developer 2. Project Engineer 3. Contractor 4. Contractor's Project Superintendent or Foreman (if applicable) 5. Utility Contractor (if applicable) 6. Roadway Contractor (if applicable) 7. Building Contractor (if applicable) 8. Town of Essex Public Works representative(s). 9. Town of Essex Community Development representative(s).

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 22 The meeting will consist of exchanging information between the developer and his/her Contractors and the Town. Specifically, the developer should be prepared to discuss: 1. The Town of Essex Standard Specifications for Construction and the responsibilities of the Contractor. 2. Project phasing and timing 3. Utilities connection/extension 4. Anticipated paving schedule 5. Plans for winter treatment of roads 6. Storm water control features to include erosion and dust control measures 7. Haul routes 8. Project supervision 9. Safety 10. Traffic Control 11. Specific permit requirements The Town will discuss and review specific portions of the Public Works Specifications, including the highway agreement, utility testing, service connection procedures, water meter installations, road preparation, notification procedures and other related items. Section 270 Engineering Services The developer is required to have a qualified engineer inspect the project during construction for the purpose of providing verification of tests and also to verify that the project was constructed substantially in accordance with the approved plans, and these specifications. Upon completion of the project or phase of a larger project, the Project Engineer must make a written verification to the Town on the form entitled Town of Essex, Verification of Facilities. This certificate is provided in Appendix B of this document. The Engineer may also be required to provide certification to other governmental agencies, such as the State of Vermont, on the acceptability of selected elements of the installed infrastructure. Copies of these certifications shall also be provided to the Town of Essex. The Town of Essex reserves the right to require the project developer to increase the level of engineering inspection based upon the complexity of construction and/or degree of compliance by the project Contractor with the Town specifications. In the event that the Project Developer fails to provide the added level of construction inspection services, the Town of Essex shall notify the developer in writing of failure to comply with the approved plans and/or the Public Works Specifications. If inadequate action is taken to correct the issues within 3

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 23 calendar days the Town of Essex shall retain the services of a third party consultant to perform the construction inspection, and the cost of those services shall be borne by the Project Developer. Section 280 Final Project Inspections Inspections of the accepted infrastructure shall be periodically conducted by the Town of Essex during the 3-year warranty period. Deficiencies found as a result of these inspections shall be corrected by the Project Developer at no cost to the Town. In the event that the noted deficiencies are not corrected, the Town shall identify the costs associated with the correction of the deficiencies and withhold these costs from the release of funds held for the 3 - year warranty period; the funds shall then be used by the Town to correct the deficiencies. A joint inspection involving the Town of Essex, the Project Developer and/or the project engineer shall be conducted prior to the end of the 3-year warranty period. Deficiencies found during this inspection shall be handled as noted in the preceding paragraph. If no deficiencies are noted, the Town shall provide a letter to the developer releasing the remaining letter of credit funds and releasing the developer from future responsibility relative to the installed infrastructure. Section 290 Miscellaneous Requirements 291.0 Street Names No duplicate, or near duplicate, names for streets or developments will be allowed. When a developer chooses names for any development, subdivision, street, or road, the proposed names shall be submitted in writing to the Community Development Director. The name(s) shall then be reviewed by the Town GIS coordinator and submitted to the Selectboard with a recommendation for approval. The final approval authority for all street names is the Selectboard. 292 Street Signs The developer is responsible for the purchase and installation of street signs and posts as well as all traffic control devices and road striping. The Town will provide the developer with the approved names for new public roads as noted under Section 291.0. It shall be the responsibility of the developer to purchase necessary sign posts and accessories and to install the signs. The Contractor shall contact Dig-Safe, and the Town of Essex Public Works Department, in the case of buried water, sewer and storm lines, prior to installing posts in the vicinity of underground utilities.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 24 293 Street Numbers Prior to submittal of the property plat for Town approval and recording, the Project Developer shall obtain the street numbers for each building lot from the Town Assessor's Office. The final plans will include street numbers as well as lot numbers. Within each development, the Project Developer, as a condition of sale for each lot or structure, shall ensure that street numbers are installed per the following requirements: 1. The numbers shall be placed on the structure of the house at a point no more than two feet (2') away from the frame of the front door, or on the mailbox at the road edge if applicable. 2. The numbers shall be in the form of a minimum of two-inch (2") high Arabic numerals and shall be on a color contrasting to the surface of which they are placed or on a self-contained contrasting background. 294.0 Traffic Signs and Striping The developer shall be responsible for ensuring the erecting of all temporary construction and permanent traffic control devices, including striping, necessitated by the construction of the roadway. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control devices shall be the controlling document for installation of signs and all road surface markings. In the event other traffic control devices such as signals are warranted, according to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), the developer shall be responsible for installing and timing of signalization at his/her own expense. Timing corrections to all new and existing equipment within the project area may be necessary following initial installation and periodically throughout the 3-year warranty period. The developer shall be responsible for all costs associated with this work through the 3-year project warranty period. In addition, any road striping such as walkways, stop bars, median striping and the like shall be installed and maintained for 3 years by the Project Developer at his or her own expense.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Conditions & Requirements for Development Roads 25 295.0 Emergency Vehicle Access In order to provide adequate emergency protection, any plans submitted for consideration to the Town of Essex for multi-family, commercial or industrial buildings shall have suitable access provided for fire and emergency vehicles. The need for a separate emergency access road for these buildings will be considered by the Town Planning Commission on a case-by-case basis. If required, a separate emergency access road must be able to support the weight of a two-axle forty thousand pound (40,000#) truck. Preferred construction should be bituminous concrete, as per the specifications for paved public roadways, although gravel roadways will be accepted if they conform to the weight specification above. Emergency access roads must be passable year round. 296.0 Landscaping The Planning Commission of the Town of Essex may require the planting of new trees or other vegetation in areas where no trees presently exist, within the area disturbed by new construction, or in an area in which substantial loss of trees has or will occur in the process of road construction. Such trees shall be preferably of a type indigenous to the neighborhood, of a salt tolerant variety and approved by the Town tree warden. Tree varieties shall be mixed along a public roadway such that no single tree variety is the only planted species. Such trees shall be planted in fertile or fertilized ground and shall be watered and nurtured after planting until growth is assured. Trees shall have a minimum diameter of trunk at a point four feet (4') above ground level of at least two inches (2"). They shall be planted at intervals of no more than sixty (60') on both sides of the street. Such trees shall be clear of any branches from ground level to a point six feet (6') above ground level. All new trees shall generally be planted outside of the street right-of-way or on the property line/right-of-way boundary. Street trees planted within the area between the curb or outside edge of gravel shoulder and the right of way limit shall only be allowed with concurrence of the Public Works Director/Town Engineer. Street trees shall be guaranteed for five (5) years from the date that the new road is accepted by the Town

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Erosion and Sediment Control 26 CHAPTER 3 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL Section 300 General Summary All projects constructed within the Town of Essex shall be constructed in strict accordance with State and Town erosion and sediment control requirements and adhere to all requirements within the Town of Essex Storm Water Ordinance, Chapter 10.20. Whether a project requires a State or Town erosion control permit and/or plan, or not, the Town will require the Developer’s Contractor to be responsible for preventing or minimizing soil erosion of disturbed land and preventing the discharge of sediment and other construction related pollutants to waters of the State, and any violations will be immediately addressed by the Developer’s Contractor. The Town shall accept a State of Vermont General Permit for construction site runoff as evidence of meeting Town erosion and sediment control permit requirements for those projects which fall under the jurisdiction of the State requirements of 1.0 acre and above. If a state permit is accepted as evidence of compliance with the Town Ordinance, a separate Town application will not be required and Town storm-water permit fees shall be waived. For all projects that have over 0.5 acres of disturbance but under 1.0 acre, a Town Erosion and Sediment Control Permit will be required. Furthermore, if the total new impervious disturbance is between 0.5 – 1.0 acres, the Developer will be required to provide a Storm Water Management Plan. Additional requirements regarding both documents can be found in the current version of the Town of Essex Storm Water Ordinance, Chapter 10.20. Development or construction plans shall include detailed information on limits and locations of soil disturbance, topsoil stockpiles, construction staging areas, and the proposed methods for erosion control. Appendix A of this document contains standard details for erosion and sediment control that should be incorporated into all Development projects constructed within the Town of Essex. Boundaries for any undisturbed riparian buffer zone shall be clearly established on the construction plans, and on site. No work shall be started in areas which are highly susceptible to erosion, as indicated by the Town, or within existing drainage channels until the methods of erosion control to be employed on the project have been approved. The Town Engineer has the authority to limit the surface area of erodible earth material exposed by excavation, borrow and fill operations and to order the

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Erosion and Sediment Control 27 Contractor to provide immediate erosion control measures to prevent contamination of adjacent streams or other watercourses, and areas of water impoundment. These measures shall include but not be limited to; silt fence, stone check dams, hay mulch and matting. As the excavation proceeds, cut slopes shall be seeded and mulched to the extent considered desirable and practicable by the Town. The exposure of uncompleted cut slopes and embankments to the elements shall be as short as practicable. Seeding, mulching, installation of erosion control shrubbery or other designed treatment should be initiated promptly, and concurrently with the other work. If and when conditions develop that will suspend construction operations for any appreciable length of time, the excavation and embankment areas shall be shaped in such a manner that the runoff of water may be intercepted and diverted to points where least erosion shall result. Slope drains shall be installed as soon as possible to assist in carrying this runoff. If these preventative measures should fail and an appreciable amount of material begins to erode into a river, stream or impoundment, the Contractor shall act immediately to correct and prevent further erosion. Erosion control measures shall be continued until the permanent drainage facilities have been constructed and until grass on seeded slopes or specially installed shrubbery is established sufficiently to be an effective deterrent against erosion. Unless otherwise approved in writing, mechanized equipment shall not be operated in live streams except as may be required to construct changes in channel and permanent or temporary structures. Rivers, streams and impoundments shall, as soon as construction will allow, be cleared of all false work, piling and debris caused by the construction operations. Section 310 Regulations and Permits The Project Developer or the Town of Essex, as applicable, shall be responsible for all the necessary State and Town Erosion and Sediment Control permits as required by each project. The Contractor shall be responsible to adhere to permit requirements throughout the duration of the project. It shall be the responsibility of the Project Developer to verify the need of a State Erosion and Sediment Control Permit. For Town projects, the Town of Essex will obtain all necessary State permits for construction. It shall be the responsibility of the Project Developer to verify his or her project has been designed and constructed in accordance with the Town of Essex Storm Water Ordinance, Chapter 10.20 of the municipal code for the Town of Essex.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Erosion and Sediment Control 28 Section 320 Project Conditions The Contractor shall sequence all construction activities to minimize the extent of disturbed soils left exposed to erosion at any given time. A construction-phasing plan shall be submitted to the Project Engineer for review of conformance with any erosion and sediment control permits and this document. The Contractor shall schedule earthwork completion, site stabilization, and establishment of perennial cover and installation of other protection measures no later than September 15. If the Contractor’s site construction activities extend beyond September 15, the Contractor shall limit exposure of soils and minimize additional earthworks. All work between September 15 and October 15 shall be temporarily restored until final restoration can be performed the following spring. The Contractor shall be required to develop a special winter erosion and sediment control plan if construction activities are planned between October 15 and April 15th. This plan must be filed with, and approved by the appropriate permitting authority by September 15. If it is determined by the permitting authority, Project Engineer, or the Town Engineer that winter construction would have adverse effects on the environment, the Contractor shall stabilize the entire site and implement a winter shut down. Discharges of any material other than stormwater, such as equipment maintenance spills, equipment fuel, wash water, construction debris, wet concrete, (including wash out water from concrete trucks), and all other substances are strictly prohibited. Failure to promptly abate the discharge of sediment or any other waste which cause a visible discoloration of surface waters, including wetlands, or is found to exceed water quality standards based on monitoring is prohibited. The disposal of sediment in a wetland, or any sediment removal from a wetland due to a discharge is strictly prohibited. The Contractor shall carry out all direction regarding the maintenance of erosion control measures by the Project Engineer or the Town Engineer in a prompt and professional manner. Section 330 Construction Sequence As construction progresses, implement temporary erosion controls as shown on the contract plans including temporary slope drains, temporary channel linings, seeding and mulching, stone check dams, sediment settling structures, silt fence and inlet protection. Appendix A of this document contains standard erosion and sediment control details that shall be referenced, and implemented throughout

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Erosion and Sediment Control 29 the project construction. The State of Vermont’s Low Risk Site Handbook may be referenced for all projects under 0.5 Acres. The Contractor shall sequence construction activities to minimize the extent of disturbed soils left open to erosion at any given time as detailed in the erosion and sediment control plans. During site clearing operations, the Contractor shall dispose of all stumps, excess soils, collected sediment and other pollutants, in a manner that will not result in sediments and pollutants entering waters of the State. The Contractor shall dispose of the above referenced material in the location designated on the erosion and sediment control plans or as directed by the Project Engineer and the Town Engineer. Upon the completion of work, the Contractor shall restore any areas used as access roads, staging areas, material stock piling, and all other areas disturbed by construction activities. All final erosion and sediment controls shall be installed to stabilize the site, i.e., channel linings, slope drains, stone check dams, and outlet protection. The Contractor shall remove all temporary erosion and sediment control measures upon project completion or final site stabilization as approved by the Project Engineer and the Town Engineer, whichever occurs last. Section 340 Installation of Erosion Control Measures The Contractor shall install all erosion and sediment control measures in accordance with the contract plans, these specifications, and all permits issued by local, and state regulatory agencies. Appendix A, Series 500, Erosion and Sediment Control Details, provide the Contractor with the preferred alternatives for erosion and sediment control measures, and instructions on their installation. 341.0 Installation 1. Seeding and Mulching a. General: All disturbed areas shall be seeded and mulched within 48 hours of being stripped or backfilled and graded. Stockpiles of excess or stockpiled material shall be mulched if they will not be disturbed for more than 48 Hours. b. Temporary seeding Procedures: Lime shall be spread evenly over the soil surface at a rate of 75 to 100 pounds per 1,000 square feet. Fertilizer shall be spread in the same manner with an application rate of 30 pounds per 1,000 square feet. Both the lime and fertilizer shall be thoroughly incorporated into the upper 2 inches of soil.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Erosion and Sediment Control 30 Temporary seed mixture shall be applied to treated soil at a rate of 2 pounds per 1,000 square feet, and surface shall be rolled. 2. Mulching Procedures: Apply mulch material promptly or within 24 hours after seeding operation in accordance with the following table. Material Application Rate Hay or Straw 1.5 to 2.0 tons per acre (80 – 100% coverage) Wood Chips 2 to 6 inches deep (tree/shrub planting) Hydraulic mulch 1.0 to 1.5 tons per acre (80 – 100% coverage) Rolled Erosion Control Products Single layer or as directed 3. Silt Fence: Construction detail 500.06 provides direction on the proper installation of this erosion and sediment control measure. 4. Sediment Containment Bag: Sediment bags shall be placed on a 6 inch thick bed of washed ¾” stone. Construction detail 500.03 provides direction on the proper installation of this erosion and sediment control measure. 342.0 Materials 1. Mulch Material a. Straw – Shall be dry, free from rot and mold, and come from wheat or oats, free from weeds, twigs and debris. b. Hay - Shall be dry, free from rot and mold, and consist of mowed and properly cured grass or legume mowing's, free from weeds, twigs, and debris. c. Wood or Bark Chips – Shall be dry, free of soil and other foreign debris. 2. Mulch Netting – Shall be made of paper, twine, plastic, or plastic and wood fiber. 3. Rolled Erosion Control Product – Shall be dry, and made of straw or hay, coconut and related fibers, wood excelsior, jute, polypropylene, nylon, or and approved combination of different materials. 4. Fertilizer – Shall be a commercial fertilizer, (10-20-10 Grade). 5. Lime – Shall be ground limestone containing not less than 95% calcium and magnesium carbonates. 6. Seed Mixture a. Temporary (Conservation Mix)

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Erosion and Sediment Control 31 Kind of Seed Lbs. Per Acre Red Fescue 76 Tall Fescue 54 Annual Rye Grass 33 Perennial Rye Grass 26 Kentucky Bluegrass 22 White Clover 7 b. Permanent (Green Mountain Special Mix) Kind of Seed Lbs. Per Acre Creeping Red Fescue 70 Perennial Rye Grass 70 Kentucky Blue Grass 35 c. Or as approved for a specific project due to non-standard conditions. 7. Silt Fence – Geosynthetic filter fabric material a minimum of 24” in height above grade. 8. Sediment Containment Bag – Geosynthetic filter bag with sewn in spout. Bag shall be “Dirt Bag” as manufactured by SI Geosolutions or approved equal. 9. Inlet Protection – For projects involving existing or proposed storm catch basins, inlet protection devices shall be installed in accordance with the details in Appendix A. Section 350 Inspection The Contractor shall inspect all erosion and sediment control measures, at least once every seven (7) calendar days, and no later than 24 hours after any storm event, which generates a discharge of stormwater runoff from the construction site, to ensure they are operating correctly. The Contractor shall submit copies of reports to the Project Engineer and the Public Works Director/Town Engineer once a month. A copy of an erosion and sediment control inspection report has been provided in Appendix C of this document. The following items should be inspected on a regular basis. 1. Inspect all sites that have been temporarily or finally stabilized. 2. Inspect channel linings, embankments, and channel beds daily for any sign of erosion.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Erosion and Sediment Control 32 3. Inspect all discharge points daily to visually assess whether erosion control measures are effective in preventing impacts to waters of the State. 4. Inspect for evidence of, or the potential for, sediment leaving from all disturbed areas or construction staging areas. Section 360 Maintenance The Contractor shall keep all seeded areas watered and in good condition until a uniform growth is established over the entire area seeded. All erosion and sediment control measures that have been determined to be failing, or not functioning as designed, shall be repaired by the Contractor within 24 hours of being notified of deficiency. The Contractor shall remove all accumulated sediment and debris from erosion containment systems and other sediment control measures as required. All damage to erosion and sediment control measures by soil erosion or construction equipment shall be repaired by the Contractor, at the end of each workday. Section 370 Corrective Actions The Project Engineer and Town Engineer shall be notified within 24 hours by the Contractor of any evidence of measurable amounts of sediment or sediment-laden water leaving the construction site or any visible discoloration of surface waters, (including wetlands). The Contractor shall document and take immediate action to correct the discharge, including halting or reducing construction activities as necessary until the discharge and/or the condition is fully corrected. The Town Engineer shall reserve the right to stop construction, if proper erosion and sediment control measures are not utilized. Section 380 Violations The Contractor shall carry out all corrective measures issued by the Project Engineer and/or the Town Engineer. If the Contractor fails to respond to any request for corrective action, the Town of Essex will issue a Stop Work Order as specified under section §10.20.111 of the Town of Essex Storm Water Ordinance. The Town will provide the Contractor the opportunity to take all corrective actions to bring the site into compliance. The Town of Essex can collect fines from any person or Contractor that is in violation of the Town’s Stormwater Ordinance. Section §10.20.112 Violation and Penalty, of the ordinance states: Any person violating any of the provisions of this Ordinance or a permit issued hereunder shall be subject to a civil penalty of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00) for each violation of this Civil Ordinance.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 34 CHAPTER 4 GENERAL CONDITIONS Section 400 Work To Conform All materials, design and workmanship must meet with nationally accepted standards and practices and the applicable standards of the Town of Essex and State of Vermont. The Town recognizes the State of Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans) Standard Specifications for Construction, latest edition as a supplemental source for standards not detailed in the Town of Essex specifications. Where a conflict arises between the published standards established in this manual and other published standards, it should be brought to the attention of the Town Engineer. The standards of the Town of Essex shall take precedence unless specific exceptions are made by the Town Engineer. During the progress of construction and upon completion, all work shall conform to these standards and the lines, levels and grades as indicated on plans approved by the Town of Essex. Field revisions necessitated by the conditions of the site must be approved by the design/project engineer and Town of Essex prior to acceptance of the completed work. Section 410 Construction Safety 411.0 Protection of Workers and the Public The workers and public shall be protected by the Contractor from any and all hazards connected with the construction work. Open trenches, materials, or equipment within the working limits are to be guarded by the use of adequate barricades or flaggers. All barricades left in position overnight are to be properly lighted. When work narrows the useable pavement, flaggers shall be employed to aid the flow of traffic so that there will be no undue delays. The Contractor shall be held responsible for the safety of all workers and the general public and all damages to property otherwise growing out of a failure on the part of the Contractor to protect persons or property from the hazard of open trenches, materials, or equipment at any time of the day or night within the working area. All work and work practices shall be in conformance to applicable VOSHA and OSHA regulations. 412.0 Construction Signs Construction approach signs shall appear at each end of the highway under construction and on all intersecting public highways. The exact placement of

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 35 any sign will depend upon the alignment of the highway and the character of the roadside. The location, measurements, and minimum spacing shall comply with VTrans design standards, and the latest edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, (MUTCD). In the case of conflicts between the VTrans Standards and the MUTCD, the MUTCD shall govern. The design of the signs shall conform to the latest standards prescribed in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices prepared by the National Joint Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. The signs shall be of metal, wood, plywood, hardboard, or other material satisfactory to the Town Engineer. No material shall be approved that will deteriorate by exposure to the weather during the required life of the sign. The signs shall be in place at the time the project officially commences, and shall be maintained by the Contractor for the duration of the project. Depending upon the scope, complexity, location and safety situation, the Town may require additional warning signage or notification of construction activity by additional means such as electronic signboards and radio, newspaper, web page or other alert mechanism. 413.0 Maintenance and Protection of Traffic The Contractor shall provide uniformed traffic officers or certified flaggers if deemed necessary by the Public Works Director / Town Engineer. The Contractor shall pay for the additional cost of uniformed traffic officers and/or certified flaggers. The Contractor shall, as conditions warrant, employ certified flaggers at any location on the project where his/her equipment or construction operations are such that they will in any manner interfere with the movement or safety of the traveling public within the public right of way. The employment or presence of certified flaggers or uniformed traffic officers does not relieve the Contractor of any responsibility or liability. The Contractor shall notify the Public Works Department, police and fire departments at least 48 hours in advance of any need to close streets. The Contractor shall work with the Town to establish a suitable alternate route, and shall at their own expense, provide and maintain suitable marked and well-lighted detour signs.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 36 414.0 Protection and Repair of Existing Utilities The Contractor shall notify Dig-Safe (811) prior to any excavation in the public right of way or utility easement limits. The Contractor shall also notify the Town of Essex Public Works office at 878-1344 forty-eight hours prior to any scheduled work within these limits. In the event of an emergency during working hours, (7:30 am to 4:30 pm) the Contractor shall contact the appropriate utility, and the Public Works Office. When an emergency situation arises during off hours, (4:30 pm to 8:00 am), the Contractor shall contact the appropriate utility and the Town of Essex Police Department Dispatcher at 878-8331. Wherever culverts, sewers, drains, manholes, catch basin connections, water mains, valve chambers, electric conduits, telephone conduits, utility poles, overhead lines or other existing facilities are encountered they shall be protected and firmly supported by the Contractor at his/her own expense, by methods approved by the Project Engineer, until the excavation is backfilled and the existing structures are made secure. Injury to any such structures caused by or resulting from the Contractor's operations shall be repaired at the Contractor's expense within a time period that will not place an unreasonable burden on the users. The authority having charge of any particular underground structure shall be notified promptly of injury to its structure. Whenever the Town Engineer may require, pipes or other underground structures encountered in excavating or trenching shall be permanently supported by methods acceptable to the Town. In case it shall become necessary to remove or reconstruct any water main, electric conduit, telephone conduit, any connections thereto, or any appurtenant structures, approval for relocation shall be obtained from the appropriate party prior to relocation. The Contractor shall be responsible for the work and for providing notice to users before interrupting service. Unless specifically provided for by written agreement, reconstruction of the utilities shall be at the Contractor's expense. In no case shall the Contractor move, change or repair any water main, electric conduit, telephone conduit, or any underground cables, conduits or structures, without written permission of the Town Engineer and the utility owner and until they are satisfied that adequate warning to the users has been provided.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 37 Section 420 Contract Coordination 421.0 Shop Drawings and Product Data The Contractor shall duplicate and distribute reproductions of shop drawings, copies of product data, and samples, which bear the Engineer’s acceptance stamp to the job site file, the Record Documents file, Subcontractors, suppliers, other affected Contractors, and other entities requiring the product information. Duplication and distribution of shop drawings, product data and sample submittals shall be made in a timely and logical fashion taking into account work scheduling and the progress of the project. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to prepare, coordinate, and review all submittals prior to delivery to the Project Engineer and/or Town. The Project Engineer and/or Town will review each submittal. The Contractor shall make corrections required by the Engineer and resubmit shop drawings, product data and samples using the same procedures specified for initial submittals. The Contractor shall direct specific attention, in writing or on resubmitted shop drawings, product data or samples, to any revisions other than the corrections required by the Engineer. Regardless of corrections made or acknowledgement of such drawings by the Engineer, the Contractor will nevertheless be responsible for the accuracy of such drawings and for their conformity to the contract documents. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer in writing of any deviations at the time he/she furnishes such drawings. 422.0 Field Engineering For town projects, as the direct representative of the Town, the Engineer may, by issuing a field order, make changes in the details of the Work. The Contractor shall proceed with the performance of any changes in the Work so ordered by the Engineer unless the Contractor believes that such field order entitles him/her to a change in contract price or time or both, in which event he/she shall give the Engineer Written Notice thereof within seven (7) days after the receipt of the ordered change. Thereafter the Contractor shall document the basis for the change in contract price or time within thirty (30) days. The Contractor shall not execute such changes, pending the receipt of an executed Change Order or further instructions from the Town.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 38 423.0 Change Order Procedures The Contract Price may be changed only by a Change Order. The value of any Work covered by a Change Order or of any claim for increase or decrease in the Contract Price shall be determined by one or more of the following methods in the order of precedence listed below: 1. Unit prices previously approved. 2. An Agreed Lump Sum 3. The actual cost for labor, direct overhead, materials, supplies, equipment and other services necessary to complete the Work. In addition, there shall be added an amount to be agreed upon but not to exceed fifteen (15) percent of the actual cost of the Work to cover the cost of general overhead and profit (OHP) if the prime Contractor performs the work, and not to exceed five (5) percent additional markup by the prime Contractor if the work is done by a Subcontractor, who is allowed an amount to be agreed upon but not to exceed fifteen (15) percent OHP for the work. 424.0 Project Payment Requests (For Town Projects) At least five (5) days before each progress payment falls due (but not more often than once a week) The Contractor will submit to the Town a partial payment estimate filled out and signed by the Contractor covering the Work performed during the period covered by the partial payment estimate and supported by such data as the Engineer may reasonably require. If payment is requested on the basis of materials and equipment not incorporated in the Work but delivered and suitably stored at or near the site, the partial payment estimate shall also be accompanied by such supporting data, satisfactory to the Town, as will establish the Owner’s title to the material and equipment and protect his/her interest therein, including applicable insurance. The Engineer will, within ten (10) days after receipt of each partial payment estimate, either indicate in writing his/her approval of payment and present the partial payment estimate to the Town or return the partial payment estimate to the Contractor indicating in writing his/her reasons for refusing to approve payment. The Town will, within ten (10) days of the presentation to it of an approved partial payment estimate, pay the Contractor a progress payment on the basis of the approved partial payment estimate. In the latter case, the Contractor may make the necessary corrections and resubmit the partial payment estimate. The Town shall retain ten (10) percent of the amount of each payment until final completion and acceptance of all Work covered by the Contract Documents. The Town at any time after fifty (50) percent of the Work has been completed finds that satisfactory progress is being made, shall reduce Retainage to five (5) percent on the current and

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 39 remaining estimates. When Work is substantially complete (operational or beneficial occupancy), the retained amount may be further reduced below five (5) percent to only that amount necessary to assure completion. On completion and acceptance of a part of the Work on which the price is stated separately in the Contract Documents, payment may be made in full, including retained percentages, less authorized deductions. Section 430 Permits The Contractor shall be responsible for compliance with existing laws and regulations in the execution of the work of this project. All Federal and or State permits or approvals issued with conditions pertaining to the Contractor’s execution of the work of this project shall be strictly adhered to. The Town shall terminate all work if is found that the Contractor is not in compliance with all conditions of any permit. Work shall not begin again until the Contractor provides verification to the Engineer and or Town that all conditions of any given permit are in compliance. Section 440 Work Outside Town Right of Way The Contractor shall not, without written consent of a property owner, enter or occupy with workers, tools, materials, or equipment any private land, other than their own, or a specified utility easement without written consent of the property owner. In a similar manner, no excavation shall take place within the Town or State right of way without first obtaining authorization from the Town or State or utility, as applicable. Section 450 Contractor Supervision The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that there is a supervisor or responsible individual with the authority to make decisions for the Contractor under his/her direct employ on the job site at all times that construction is underway, whether or not the construction is being accomplished by a prime Contractor or Subcontractors hired by a prime Contractor. Work stoppage ordered by the Town for failure to comply with the on-job site supervisor’s requirements shall not be considered as a Contractor claim for delay of the contract.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 40 Section 460 Construction Meetings and Schedules 461.0 Preconstruction Meeting (for Town Projects) Prior to the start of construction, or each phase of construction on larger projects, a pre-construction meeting will be held. The pre-construction meeting shall be held a minimum of two weeks prior to the planned start of construction to allow the lines of communication to be established, for the Contractor to contact Dig-Safe and for the Town to contact all abutting landowners regarding the start of construction. The pre-Construction meeting shall be organized and run by either the Town or its construction representative. Invitees shall include a representative from the Town of Essex Department of Public Works, the Town of Essex Planning and Zoning department, representatives of all affected utilities, project designer / engineer, and representatives of the Contractor. The meeting agenda and format for all development projects within the Town can be found in Section 260 of this document. 462.0 Construction Progress Meeting The Engineer and/or Town will schedule and administer progress meetings at least once per month throughout progress of the work. Physical arrangements for meetings, preparation of agenda, presiding over the meetings, recording of minutes, and distribution of copies of minutes to participants within two (2) weeks after meeting shall be the responsibility of the Engineer and/or Town. The Contractor shall be notified as to whether Subcontractor or supplier's representatives should attend. In attendance will be the Town representative, Engineer, state and/or federal agency representatives as required, VTrans representative as required, the Contractor’s Superintendent or authorized representative, representatives of major Subcontractors and suppliers, and other representatives appropriate to the agenda topics for each meeting. The meeting agenda shall cover the following: 1. Review of minutes of prior meeting. 2. Review of work progress. 3. Review of progress schedule. 4. Subcontractor's progress. 5. Delivery schedules. 6. Submittals. 7. Pending changes and substitutions.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 41 8. Payrolls. 9. Other items affecting progress of work. 463.0 Project Scheduling The Contractor shall use the construction schedule as an aid in planning and executing the work. The Contractor shall submit an initial draft project schedule to the Engineer and or Town, prior to the Preconstruction conference. The schedule shall provide projected project schedules for the entire work. The Engineer and or a representative of the Town of Essex Department of Public Works shall review the preliminary schedule as well as monthly schedule updates and advise the Contractor if they have questions regarding the sequence of work or stated duration of individual activities. The Engineer’s or Town’s review of the schedule shall not be construed as approval of the sequence of work or relieve the Contractor of sole responsibility for any schedule impacts due to incorrect sequencing or estimates of the duration of work activities. The Contractor shall prepare a schedule update at least monthly and shall submit that update with their pay requisitions for review by Engineer and or Town. All project schedules shall be prepared in the form of horizontal bar graphs to identify work of separate phases or other logically grouped activities in accordance with Special Conditions and time restraints. Work shall be scheduled to reflect logical and planned dependencies between work activities. If requested by the Engineer, the Contractor shall provide a schedule that indicates the interdependencies between activities. The schedule shall show "work to be performed by others" as a separate activity. Ample notice shall be provided to the Engineer and Town if schedule updates change the start date of such work, so it can be properly scheduled to avoid impact to the Contractor's schedule. The Contractor is solely responsible for providing the necessary notice to the Engineer and Town of schedule requirements for "work performed by others". The update shall include all changes occurring since the previous submission of an updated schedule including progress of each activity and revised completion dates, including but not limited to; major changes in scope, activities modified since previous updating, revised projections due to changes, and all other identifiable changes.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 42 Section 470 Testing and Inspection Requirements Proper construction requires field verification of materials and technique. All projects require either periodic or full time engineering services by a qualified engineer or Resident Project Representative experienced in the area of construction to be undertaken. The Contractor shall provide the engineer and the representative of the Town full access to the site to make these visits at intervals appropriate to the various stages of construction as he/she deems necessary in order to observe, as an experienced and qualified design professional, the progress that has been made and the quality of the various aspects of the Contractor’s executed work. An independent testing laboratory consultant shall be employed by the Contractor to perform all concrete and soil testing requirements required by this document and the contract documents. The Contractor shall provide labor and facilities to allow access to all work to be tested, to obtain and handle samples at the site or at the source of the products to be tested, to facilitate tests and inspections, and for storage of test samples. The Town shall have the right to accept or reject the choice of the independent testing laboratory. Upon completion of the construction, the Project Engineer shall certify that required testing and inspection has been conducted and the project is in conformance with the approved plans on the form provided within this document by the Town. The certification is required prior to acceptance of the project by the Town of Essex. The Project Engineer shall also sign and stamp the Verification of Utilities document found in Appendix B of this document, and submit a copy to the Town Engineer. On projects bid directly by the Town, there shall be a minimum one (1) year warranty on all aspects of the construction. On development projects, involving a Highway Agreement between a developer and the Town, there shall be a three (3) year warranty starting with date of acceptance of all project construction by the Town. The Town shall inspect all projects prior to the end of the warranty period and either provide written documents of final contract acceptance or provide evidence of warranty items needing correction. The Contractor (in the case of Town projects) and the developer (in the case of development projects) shall not be relieved of all responsibility under the Contract until the Town has provided a letter of final acceptance. A final project walk-through and inspection will be made of the project by the Project Engineer and a representative from the Town of Essex Public Works

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 43 Department. When this inspection is complete, all deficiencies corrected, and the Project Engineer certification received, the Town will accept the construction. 471.0 Road Inspection 1. The Public Works Department shall be notified 24 hours in advance to inspect the construction of any and all roads to be taken over by the Town at the following phases of construction. 1. Preparation of subgrade; 2. Installation of subbase and base material; 3. Completion of finished grading; 4. During and after the placement of the base coarse of Bituminous Concrete. 5. During and after the placement of the wearing coarse of Bituminous Concrete. The Public Works Department's authorized representative will inspect work during the placement of curbs, sidewalks, and driveway aprons. A sample of all sub-base and base materials will be tested by a testing lab approved by the Public Works Department, in accordance with Section 400, Technical Specifications, of this document. For all changes in subgrade and base materials, the Contractor shall have a sieve analysis performed on each sample of new material as required by the Town Engineer, at the Contractor's expense. Approximately 14 days should be allocated between submittal of soil for testing and placement of the material. The subbase and base material compaction will be tested by AASHTO-T-99, Method A (Standard Proctor) test in fill sections at minimum intervals of every 500 linear feet of roadway, two feet (2') of depth, and changes in material. The responsibility for testing shall be the Contractor's, and all costs associated with the testing shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. A final inspection will be made after the completion of all roads, curbs, driveways, sidewalks, bicycle paths, setting of all property pins and monuments for lots and street rights-of-way. The following roadway general checklist will be used at final inspection: 1. Settlement or other grade changes, depression, or imperfections in finish surface of roadway, pedestrian paths, sidewalk, or curbing. 2. Street and Traffic signs; traffic pavement markings. 3. Installation of all plantings if applicable. 4. Seeding and erosion control on cut and fill slopes; 5. Surface drainage (during rainstorm);

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 44 6. General appearance; 7. Material testing results, lab reports, and record drawing complete and on file in both paper and electronic format. 472.0 Potable Water Inspection The Public Works Department shall be notified 24 hours in advance so inspection of all materials can take place on the site before construction begins. The Town's authorized representative shall be given a 24 hour notice before any connections are made to the existing water system, pressure testing, flushing, disinfecting, and sampling of new mains is performed. The following water main general checklist will be used at final inspection: 1. Valves, hydrants, and curb stops accessible and operating properly; 2. Valve box covers and hydrants set at proper elevations; 3. General appearance, including the painting of all hydrants red; 4. Tie information and record drawing complete; 5. Material testing results, lab reports, manufacturer's certificates, pressure and leakage test results, and bacteriological test reports, are complete and on file at the Town of Essex Public Works in both paper and electronic format. 473.0 Sanitary Sewer Inspection An inspection schedule will be tailored for each individual project and set at the pre-construction meeting. A 24-hour notice shall be given to the Public Works Department, so inspection of all materials can take place on the site before any work begins. The Town's authorized representative shall be given a 24 hour notice before testing of gravity sewer lines, forcemains, and sanitary sewer manholes. The Contractor shall make available to the representative of the Town all grade readings on installed gravity sewers and forcemains at the project site. A copy of all grade readings and all air testing results shall be given to the Town of Essex Public Works Department at the end of construction. The following sanitary sewer system general checklist will be used at final inspection: 1. Manholes, pipelines, and appurtenances clean; Inverts and shelves completed to plans with smooth transitions; 2. Manhole frames and covers set at proper elevation; 3. General appearance;

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 45 4. Material testing results, lab reports, manufacturer's certificate, and leakage and onsite, in-place pump test results complete and on file, and manhole and piping testing results complete and on file in both paper and electronic format. 474.0 Stormwater and Erosion Control Inspection A 24 hour notice for all inspections will be given to the Town of Essex Public Works authorized representative. The Town's authorized representative shall inspect all storm drain, culvert joints, connections to catch basins, and other storm drainage facilities, such as detention basins and ponds. The Contractor shall make all areas of the project site available to the representative of the Town for periodic, unscheduled inspections of all sediment and erosion control measures on site. Any violations of the Town of Essex Stormwater ordinance, or applicable Erosion and Sediment Control Plan shall be brought to the attention of the Contractor, and immediate action shall take place to correct all deficiencies. Further direction on Erosion and Sediment Control can be found in Section 493 of this document. All storm drainage facilities will be inspected upon completion of the project. The following general checklist will be used at final inspection: 1. Catch basins, manholes, and pipelines clean; 2. Ditches and outlets clean; 3. Erosion control measures completed; 4. General appearance; 5. Material testing results, lab reports, manufacturer's certificates, and record drawings complete and on file in both paper and electronic format. An inspection schedule for individual projects will be determined at the pre-construction meeting. Section 480 Project Record Drawings Record Documents and samples shall be stored apart from documents used for construction. The Contractor shall provide files, racks, and secure storage for record documents and samples. Label each document "PROJECT RECORD" in neat, large, printed letters. Record Documents shall be maintained in a clean, dry and legible condition. Do not use record documents for construction purposes. All Record Documents and samples shall be made available for inspection by the Engineer and or Town upon request.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 46 The Contractor shall maintain at the project site a copy of the following: 1. Contract Drawings. 2. Project Manual. 3. Addenda. 4. Change Orders and other modifications to the contract. 5. Accepted shop drawings, product data, and samples. 6. Field test records. 7. Inspection certificates. 8. Manufacturer's certificates. 9. Manufacturer's operating and maintenance manuals. The Contractor shall be responsible to record all information on a set of blue line drawings. The Contractor shall use separate colors for recording information for each major system. The Contractor shall record information concurrently with construction progress. Do not conceal any work until required information is recorded. The Contractor shall legibly mark each item to record actual construction on the Contract Drawings and Shop Drawings. The items include the following: 1. Measured depths of elements of foundation. 2. Measured horizontal and vertical locations of underground utilities and appurtenances, referenced to permanent surface improvements. 3. Measured locations of internal utilities and appurtenances concealed in construction, referenced to visible and accessible features of construction. 4. Field changes of dimensions and details After the initial set of Record Drawings have been submitted, there will be a field inspection by the Town to verify that the hydrant, valve boxes, curb boxes, etc., are properly raised to ground level. A letter of approval of the Record Drawings by the Town Engineer may be a prerequisite to issuance of further occupancy permits. The Engineer shall plot all record information on a set of plans and submit a paper copy and a PDF of those to the Town as stamped record drawings. Record drawings shall be produced for all construction projects and should include the following information: 481.0 Roads The following roadway information to be provided on Record Drawings shall include the following;

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 47 1. Locations of all streets and storm drain lines, culverts, drainage structures, and elevations and dimensions of all other facilities. 2. Width of pavement from curb to curb or shoulder to shoulder; 3. Right of way dimensions for streets; 4. Width of sidewalk and bike paths; 5. Location of street lights and associated infrastructure; 6. Location of driveways; 7. Location and size of planter islands, if any; 8. Typical cross-section of streets as installed; 9. Location of all underground electric, cable, and telephone lines. 10. Street monuments. 11. Cross Section or Note Indicating Road Materials Used/Depth 482.0 Potable Water 1. Accurate locations of all water lines on plan view, and profile. 2. Measurement to within 1' from all valves and curb stops, from permanent fixtures such as telephone poles, hydrants, buildings, transformers, etc., along with depths of waterlines. Three point tie measurements to the closest building or structure are required. 3. Ties and locations of all bends, tees, and other fittings. 4. All curb boxes will be marked with stakes so Contractors can easily locate them before building services are connected. 5. Pipe size and material shall be noted on all watermains and service lines within the Town R.O.W. 483.0 Sanitary Sewer 1. Accurate locations of all sewer lines including depth, size, location and material type 2. Accurate measurements to all service tees and/or wyes for building connections and locations of service stubs at property lines using three point tie measurements to the closest building or structure is required. Sanitary sewer lines shall be marked in the field to differentiate from foundation drain lines. 3. Locations of all manholes including rim and invert elevations, distances between manholes, size and material of pipe in manholes, and pitch of pipe. 4. Locations and types of all pump stations, including associated design calculations and field ties.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 48 484.0 Stormwater 1. Depth, size, location and material type of all storm drain lines and culverts, including underdrains. 2. Location of all catch basins, drop inlets, and storm sewer manholes with invert and rim elevations; 3. Location and details for all permanent stormwater treatment facilities such as detention ponds; 4. Location of all drainage ways, water courses, etc; 5. Location and width of drainage easements. 485.0 Final Submission A final set of record drawings, including one set of Mylar reproducible, two sets of prints, and electronic copies in PDF format shall be submitted to the Town of Essex Public Works Department within 60 days of the completion of a project or project phase. A final set of the project record drawings shall be stamped by the Project Engineer. The record drawings shall also contain a stamped and signed statement by a licensed Land Surveyor that all property corner markers have been set in accordance with the approved property plat. Section 490 Special Requirements 491.0 Dust Control The Contractor shall be responsible at his own expense for ensuring that the dust created as a result of construction activities does not create a nuisance or a safety hazard. Where and when deemed necessary by the Town the developer/Contractor will be required to wet sections of the construction area with water or apply calcium chloride or sweep the roadway with a wetted power broom as dust control measures. 492.0 Pollution Control During the construction period, the Contractor shall exercise every reasonable precaution to prevent pollution of the waters of the State. Pollutants such as chemicals, paints, fuels, lubricants, bitumen’s, raw sewage, and other harmful waste shall not be discharged into or alongside these waters or into natural or man-made channels leading thereto. The Contractor shall comply with applicable statutes and regulations of the Vermont State Agency of Natural Resources relating to the prevention and abatement of pollution. Any pollutant reaching the waters of the State shall be immediately reported to the Town and to the State of Vermont.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction General Conditions 49 493.0 Erosion Control The Contractor shall carry out his/her operations in such a manner to give adequate protection to all waters of the State, and minimize surface erosion. The Contractor shall adhere to all of the storm water and erosion control specifications and details shown on the approved plans including installation, maintenance and removal of temporary dams and inlet protection. The Contractor shall be responsible for reading and complying with all State and Local Erosion and Sediment Control plans and permits, and Chapter 3, Erosion and Sediment Control, of this document. 494.0 Noise Control The Contractor is expected to perform all activities during normal workday daylight hours, such that the construction activities are not considered to be a disturbance of the peace under State law. It is anticipated that construction activity will generally occur between the hours from 7:30 A.M. until 6:00 P.M., Monday through Friday. Construction activity outside this time frame should be discussed during the pre-construction meeting and will require pre-approval by the Town.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 50 CHAPTER 5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 500 Street Specifications and Related Items 501.0 General Streets and access ways constructed within the Town of Essex shall be designed by a Vermont-licensed, professional civil engineer and constructed as public roads meeting the requirements of this section and all applicable standard details found in Appendix A of this document. Existing streets at the time of adoption of the Standard Specifications for Construction encompass a wide variety of conditions and standards. Street widths, surface materials, presence or absence of curbs and sidewalks, vary throughout the Town Highway system. The purpose of these street specifications is to standardize all future construction. A residential driveway is not considered to be a public road. A single residential driveway can serve a maximum of two single family dwelling units. Access ways to multifamily units shall not be considered public roads when one of the following is true: 1. The length of a non-looped access way is less than 300' or the length of a looped access way is less than 750'. 2. Less than 20 units are served. The layout and design of non-public roads shall allow access by Town emergency vehicles. 502.0 Street Design Standards 502.1 Geometric Standards for Streets The Town of Essex reserves the right to increase or decrease the sight distances provided in Table 1 of this section when local conditions dictate. Such conditions would include but not be limited to excessive speed above the posted limit, conflicting traffic movements within the minimum sight distance zone, and all other conditions that the Town takes exception to. All new streets shall be designed in accordance with the following reference standards; the latest version of Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices,

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 51 AASHTO Policy on Geometric Design, Institute of Transportation Engineers, the Highway Capacity Manual, and all other pertinent reference materials. GEOMETRIC STANDARDS FOR STREETS – TABLE 1 ANGLE - Intersection 70 - 90 degrees MAXIMUM GRADE – Street Intersection 3% within 100' of the centerline intersection MINIMUM GRADE - All Streets 0.5% MINIMUM CURVE RADIUS - STREET CORNER Minor/Dead End 25' (or equivalent offset tapered curve radius) MINIMUM CURVE RADIUS - STREET CORNER Commercial/Industrial 30' (or equivalent offset tapered curve radius) CHANGES IN GRADE Vertical Curve Required to afford the minimum safe stopping sight distance MINIMUM TANGENT - REVERSE CURVES 100' MAXIMUM LENGTH - DEAD END STREETS 900' to the center of a cul-de-sac CUL-DE-SAC ( Required for Dead End Streets) 120' minimum right-of-way diameter 100' minimum outside diameter of traveled way. MINIMUM CENTERLINE OFFSETS - STREETS 200' MINIMUM WIDTH: BITUMINOUS CONCRETE WEARING SURFACE - URBAN STREET 30'

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 52 GEOMETRIC STANDARDS FOR STREETS – TABLE 1 (cont.) MINIMUM WIDTH: BITUMINOUS CONCRETE WEARING SURFACE - TYPE A RURAL ROAD (PAVED) 24' MINIMUM ELEVATION Above 100 year flood plain SIDEWALKS/BIKEPATHS As Required by Planning Commission 5' Min. Sidewalk/8' Min. Bitum. Path MINIMUM WIDTH AT EDGE OF R.O.W.: RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS Single: 15' Double: 20' MAXIMUM WIDTH AT EDGE OF R.O.W.: COMMERCIAL DRIVEWAYS 45' BASED ON VERTICAL MINIMUM SIGHT DISTANCES: FOR DRIVEWAYS, ACCESS ROADS AND PUBLIC STREETS MINIMUM INTERSECTION SIGHT DISTANCES FOR NEW ACCESS ROADS AND DRIVES INTERSECTING PUBLIC HIGHWAYS. Stopping sight distance for design speed shall be based on AASHTO design standards. Stopping sight distance for design speed shall be based on AASHTO design standards.If existing conditions along a new road/drive intersection prevent being able to meet the AASHTO intersection sight distance design standards, the town may consider using the stopping sight distances (for vehicles traveling along the existing public road) as being the minimum acceptable intersection sight distance for the new drive or road.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 53 GEOMETRIC STANDARDS - TABLE 2 Major Collector Minor Dead End Minimum R.O.W. Width 66' 60' 60' 60' Minimum Pavement Width Urban Street 32' 30' 30' 30' Minimum Pavement Width Type A Rural Road (Paved) 24' 24' 24' Maximum Grade 8% 8% 10%* 10%* Minimum Curve Radius 750' 350' 200' 150' * No grade greater than 8.0% may be continued for a distance of more than 300 feet. 503.0 Street Types 503.1 Urban Street The characteristics of this roadway are a 30' paved width, a closed storm drain collection system, partial or full curbs and concrete sidewalks and/or bituminous paths. See Detail 100.02 for a typical Plan View of an Urban Street. This type of road is generally the required and preferred road for new streets. Its use is required for collector, minor and dead end streets (in existing urban settings): 1. In zoning areas of the Town for residential development except the AR, R1, C1, C2 or O1 zones. 2. In planned unit residential developments. 3. In proposed developments where, in the opinion of the Planning Commission the present or future density of the development warrants the use of an urban street. A modified form of the Urban Street may be required for major roadways in industrial developments and for portions of roadways where no curb cuts can or will be allowed. Because the requirements of a major or industrial road are often

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 54 unique, each major or industrial roadway will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis for width, type of drainage, curbing, sidewalks and similar features. The Town Engineer shall be responsible for approval of the appropriate details of a modified street form for major or industrial Urban Streets. A Modified Urban Street will generally be 30' in paved width, gravel or paved shoulders and no curbs. The typical road cross section shall be per Detail 100.02, in Appendix A of this document. 503.2 Type A Rural Road (Paved) The characteristics of this roadway are a 24' paved width, 4' gravel shoulders, each side, drainage ditches fed by overland flow, and paths or trails as required. This type of road is intended for use in the rural areas of Town, where the density of development is low and will likely remain low for an extended period of time and for reconstruction/upgrade of existing rural roads. Its use is permitted 1. In the AR, R1, C1, C2, or O1 zones where in the opinion of the Planning Commission, the present or future density of the development will remain low for reconstruction of existing gravel roads. The Town Engineer shall be responsible for approval to modify the characteristics of this roadway type for the reconstruction of existing gravel roads, on a case by case basis as the need arises. The typical road cross section shall be per Detail 100.03, in Appendix A of this document. 503.3 Type B Rural Road (Gravel) The characteristics of this roadway include a 24' gravel traveling surface, 4' gravel shoulders each side, and deep drainage ditches. This type of road is the standard to which existing gravel roads are to be reconstructed over time. Its use is limited to existing Class III gravel roads. The Town Engineer shall be responsible for approval to modify the characteristics of this roadway type on a case by case basis as the need arises. Cross section shall be per Detail 100.04, in Appendix A of this document.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 55 504.0 Road Cuts (Utility Permit) Excavation within the town right-of-way for underground utilities and other infrastructure requires written approval by the Town of Essex. An application shall be made with the Town and approved before any equipment is mobilized within the Town Right of Way. Two-way traffic should be restored before the end of each work day. All road cuts must be restored to original or better condition within 48 hours of the initial cut. The contractor shall be responsible for necessary repairs to the disturbed area due to settling or otherwise for a period of two years from the date of completion. Deposits will be refunded at the end of the warranty period provided that the area has been satisfactorily restored in the opinion of the Town Engineer. All new infrastructure installed within an existing roadway, (r-o-w) shall be installed using Jack-N-Bore or Horizontal Direction Drilling. If any damage is done to the Town’s infrastructure (road, curb, sidewalk or lawn), the contractor shall contact the Town immediately before any remedial action is taken. Should a jack or bore method not be possible, the applicant shall receive written permission from the Public Works Director / Town Engineer or designee prior to starting excavations within the Town’s R-O-W. No construction activities shall begin within the Town R-O-W after the Thanksgiving holiday or when the bituminous concrete distributors close for the season, whichever comes first. Winter work will only be allowed on a case-by-case emergency basis. 505.0 Curb Cuts Driveway access onto public streets requires written approval by the Town of Essex. An application shall be made to the Town on the form provided for this purpose. Driveway standards within these Specifications apply to the portion of the driveway located within the limit of the public right of way. Details 100.08 and 100.09 found in Appendix A of this document provide additional requirements regarding drive access to Town Roads. The following technical guidelines shall be applied to all proposed driveway curb cuts onto a Town road: 1. Minimum intersection sight distances as required in Section 502.01 of this document. 2. Maximum approach grade + or - 3%

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 56 3. Driveway apron to be constructed to same standard as adjacent street to right of way limit. For paved streets, aprons must be paved to sidewalk/path (or right of way limit in the absence of sidewalk/path). 4. Paved aprons shall have min. pavement thickness of 2½". 5. Drainage must be approved by the Town Engineer. 506.0 Excavation 506.1 Side Slopes Road side slopes shall be constructed as shown on the appropriate details included in Appendix A. 506.2 Embankments Embankments associated with road construction shall be constructed by the contractor with either approved surplus excavated material or with approved material obtained elsewhere. All material resulting from clearing and grubbing shall be satisfactorily disposed of in a manner approved by the project engineer and in compliance with state and local ordinances. Under no conditions will this material be buried below the seasonal high groundwater. When embankments are to be made on a hillside, the slope of the original ground on which the embankments are to be constructed shall be stepped and properly drained as the fill is constructed so that adverse movements of the slopes do not occur. The excavated rock, ledge, boulders, and stone, except where required in the construction of other items or otherwise directed, shall be used in the construction of embankments to the extent of the project requirements and generally shall be placed so as to form the base of an embankment. Frozen material shall not be used in the construction of embankments, nor shall the embankments or successive layers of the embankments be placed upon frozen material. Placement of material other than rock shall stop when the sustained air temperature, below 32 degrees Fahrenheit, prohibits the obtaining of the required compaction. If the material is otherwise acceptable, it shall be stockpiled and reserved for future use when its condition is acceptable for use in embankments.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 57 When an embankment is to be constructed across a swamp, muck, or areas of unstable soils, the unsuitable materials shall be excavated to reach soils of adequate bearing capacity and the embankment begun. Alternative methods, such as use of a road stabilization fabric in place of excavation and backfill, may be utilized only after approval of same by the Town and project engineer. Material being placed in embankments shall be placed in horizontal layers of uniform thickness across the full width of the embankment. Stumps, trees, rubbish, and other unsuitable material shall not be placed in embankments. The layers shall begin at the deepest part of the fill. Material shall be placed in twelve inch (12”) lifts with a 95 percent maximum dry density by the AASHTO-T-99, Method A (Standard Proctor) test. Effective spreading equipment shall be used on each layer to obtain uniform thickness prior to compaction. Each layer shall be kept crowned to shed water to the outside edge of the embankment and continuous leveling and manipulating will be required to assure uniform density. The entire area of each layer shall be uniformly compacted to at least the required minimum density by use of compaction equipment consisting of rollers, compactors, or a combination thereof. Earthmoving and other equipment not specifically manufactured for compaction purposes will not be considered as compaction equipment. All fill material shall be compacted at a moisture content suitable for obtaining the required density. In no case shall the moisture content in each layer under construction be more than three percent above the optimum moisture content and shall be less than that quantity that will cause the embankment to become unstable during compaction. Sponginess, shoving, or other evidence shall be used for an engineering determination of lack of stability under this requirement, and further placement of material in the area affected shall be stopped or retarded to allow the material to stabilize. When the moisture content of the material in the layer under construction is less than the amount necessary to obtain satisfactory compaction by mechanical compaction methods, water shall be added. Water may also be added in excavation or borrow pits. The water shall be uniformly and thoroughly incorporated into the soil by disc, harrowing, blading, or by other approved methods. The manipulations may be omitted for sands and gravel. When the moisture content of the material is in excess of three percent above the optimum moisture content, dry material shall be thoroughly incorporated into the wet material, or the wet material shall be aerated by disking, harrowing, blading, rotary mixing, or by other approved methods. Compaction of the layer

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 58 of wet material shall be deferred until the layer has dried to the required moisture content by evaporation. Upon completion of filling and excavating, the subgrade shall be formed to the required grade and contour; and the entire surface again rolled as specified above. High spots shall be removed and low spots filled with acceptable material, and the process of leveling and rolling continued until no further depression results. Approval and certification by the project design engineer shall be necessary prior to placement of the gravel bottom course. 506.3 Road Stabilization Fabric The Town of Essex requires the use of road stabilization fabric for additional road subbase stabilization on new public road construction within the Town as shown on Details 100.02 – 100.04 found in Appendix A of these Specifications. Prior to placement of the road stabilization fabric, the road subgrade shall be smoothed to remove all objectionable material which could damage the fabric. Where more than one width of stabilization fabric must be installed, the edges shall be overlapped two feet (2') at the edges. The fabric may be anchored to the subgrade by use of excess subbase material and/or and joined by U-shaped wire pins, single-shaft steel pins with metal disc fasteners, or similar devices. Fasteners should be placed six feet (6') apart on the overlap. At no time after fabric installation, shall construction vehicles be permitted to drive over exposed fabric. In the event that no other feasible alternative is available, the fabric shall be thoroughly inspected and approved, prior to the placement of any select materials. 506.4 Underdrain This item shall consist of constructing underdrains using perforated pipe, stone, filter fabric, underdrain outlets, clean outs, and risers in accordance with these specifications and as shown on the accepted drawings or as ordered by the Town or project engineer. Further requirements regarding the design and installation of underdrains can be found in Section 511, Stormwater Control Facilities, and in Appendix A, Detail 200.07 if this document. Where utilized in underdrains, storm outfalls, drainage swales, or streams, filter fabric should be overlapped in the direction of water flow. A four inch (4") bedding blanket of gravel shall be carefully placed over the filter fabric so as not to damage the fabric.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 59 507.0 Road Materials 507.1 Design Standards Standard road cross sections are depicted in the detail drawings found in Appendix A. Alternatives to standard sections may be approved by the Town Engineer if the Project Engineer can provide satisfactory evidence that the proposed modifications will provide equivalent structural and frost depth properties as calculated by the VTrans flexible pavement design method. Designs utilizing bituminous pavement depths less than the minimum requirements will not be considered. All designs shall provide a minimum of 36” of non-frost susceptible material. 507.2 Paved Roads or Streets - Definitions 1. Subgrade - Existing native soil or rock upon which a road is to be constructed. Subgrade soils that are of poor quality as determined by the Design Engineer and/or the Town Engineer, may be excavated and replaced with sand borrow (VTrans 703.03A) or granular borrow (VAOT 703.04A) 2. Subbase - Portion of a flexible pavement structure between the subgrade and base course. Subbase may consist of crushed gravel, dense graded crushed stone, or a combination of these materials and sand. 3. Fine Graded Base Course - Portion of a flexible pavement structure between the subbase and pavement. The base course shall be top course aggregate for paved roads (plant mix). A two inch (2”) thick layer of fine gravel may be used for the top layer of base course aggregate prior to paving to accommodate fine grading prior to paving. At no time shall the fine graded base course be left open to vehicular traffic or exposed to the elements for longer than 24 hours. 4. Shoulders - Shoulders shall be constructed with 704.12A, Aggregate for Surface Course and Shoulders. 5. Wearing Course Bituminous Pavement – The top 1 ½” layer of Type III bituminous pavement on a paved road as shown on Details 100.02 and 100.03 in Appendix A of these Specifications. 6. Base Course Bituminous Pavement – The bottom 2 ½” Type II bituminous pavement on a paved road as shown on Details 100.02 and 100.03 in Appendix A of these specifications.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 60 507.3 Gravel Roads - Definitions 1. Subgrade - Existing native soil or rock upon which a road is to be constructed. Subgrade soils that are of poor quality must be excavated and replaced with sand borrow (VTrans 703.03A) or granular borrow (VTrans 703.04A) 2. Subbase - Portion of the gravel road between the subgrade and the gravel wearing course. Subbase may consist of bank run gravel, crushed gravel for subbase, dense graded crushed stone, plant mix aggregate, or a combination thereof plus sand for subbase. 3. Wearing Course - Top course must be 704.12A, Aggregate for Surface Course and Shoulders 4. Shoulders - Shoulders shall be constructed with the same Materials as the road base 507.4 Testing Requirements Prior to submittal of final drawings, soil borings and/or test pits shall be made to depth of six feet (6') below final road grade surface on the basis of at least one representative test every 300 linear feet of road. Soil tests shall be performed by a soils laboratory acceptable to the Town on samples taken and the test shall consist of: 1. Standard sieve analysis and grain size distribution curve for each representative soil in the cross section. 2. Standard Proctor Tests may be required for verification of compaction. 3. Plasticity index and liquid limit for each representative soil in the cross section. The Town Engineer may waive the necessity for soil borings altogether or modify the spacing or depth requirements depending upon the specific ground water and soil characteristics at each proposed roadway. The sampling and testing of all materials to be used in the construction of the project is the responsibility of the project engineer. Sufficient lead time must be established for acquiring the approvals of materials prior to placement. Below are Sieve requirements for all road materials required for construction of new roads.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 61 507.5 Sand Subbase Sand shall consist of material free from silt, loam, clay, or organic matter. It shall conform to the VTrans Standards for Sand Borrow, VTrans 703.03A. It shall be obtained from approved sources. Sand Subbase shall be placed in uniform lifts not exceeding 12", and shall be uniformly compacted in a manner as outlined in Section 507.04 of these specifications. 507.6 Crushed Gravel for Subbase Crushed Gravel consists of material free from silt, loam, clay, or organic matter. It shall conform to the VTrans Standard 704.05A. It shall be obtained from approved sources. Crushed Gravel for Subbase, (Fine), shall be placed on a prepared subgrade in uniform lifts not exceeding 12” in thickness. Each lift shall be thoroughly compacted in a manner as outlined under in Section 507.4 of these specifications. The (Coarse) material shall be used when unsuitable material has been removed from subgrade or in areas with unstable subgrade. 507.7 Crushed Gravel Filler for Subbase Crushed gravel filler for subbase shall consist of material free from silt, loam, clay, or organic matter. It shall conform to the VTrans Standards for Filler, VTrans 704.06B. It shall be obtained from approved sources. Filler shall be placed between the subbase material and the base course of bituminous concrete pavement in one uniform lift not exceeding 2" in total thickness, and shall be uniformly compacted in a manner as outlined in Section 507.4 of these specifications. The intent of this fine gravel is to provide a uniform paving surface for base coarse pavement 507.8 Dense Graded Crushed Stone for Subbase Dense Graded Crushed Stone consists of material free from silt, loam, clay, or organic matter. It shall conform to the VTrans Standards for Dense graded Crushed Stone for Subbase, VTrans 704.06A. It shall be obtained from approved sources. Dense Graded Crushed Stone shall be used to fill unstable areas beneath subgrade, and to replace unsuitable material that has been removed from subgrade or in areas with unstable fill. The material shall be

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 62 placed in uniform lifts not exceeding 18” in thickness. Each lift shall be thoroughly compacted a manner as outlined in Section 507.4 of these specifications. 507.9 Wearing Course Aggregate for Gravel Roads Top Course Gravel shall consist of material free from silt, loam, clay, or organic matter. It shall conform to the VTrans Standards for Aggregate For Surface Course and Shoulders, VTrans 704.12A. It shall be obtained from approved sources. This material shall also be utilized to provide a uniform driving surface on existing gravel. The Town of Essex Public Works Department shall perform all grading operations on all Class III Gravel Roads within the Town of Essex. 507.10 Bituminous Concrete Pavement This type of pavement shall be composed of mineral aggregate, mineral filler if required, and bituminous material, plant-mixed and laid hot. This pavement shall be constructed in two or more courses on the prepared or existing base in accordance with these specifications and in conformity with the lines, grades, thickness, and typical cross-sections shown on the drawings. The minimum depth of pavement is a total thickness of 4” for all roads. The course aggregate shall consist of clean, hard-crushed rock or screen-crushed gravel free from dirt or foreign matter. It shall be reasonably free from soft and elongated pieces. The fine mineral aggregate shall consist of sand or a mixture of sand and stone screenings of which at least 50 percent by weight shall be sand. The sand shall consist of clean, hard, durable grains free from injurious amounts of vegetable matter or other harmful substances. The asphalt cement shall conform to all the requirements as set forth in section 702 and 704 of the VTrans Standard Specifications for Construction. The materials shall be combined and graded to meet the composition found in Section 406 of the VTrans Standard Specifications for Construction: The Town will require 21/2” type II for the base coat and 1 ½” type III for the final surface coat. The materials shall be combined and graded to meet the following criteria based on the Marshall Test, 50 blows per side. Property: Criteria: Air Voids, types II, III, IV 3-5% Voids in Mineral Aggregate

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 63 Type II 14% minimum Type III 15% minimum Type IV 16 % minimum Stability 1200 lbs. min. Flow .08”-.18” The percentage of air voids of the mixture shall be calculated by the following formula: VA=100 [(Gmm-Gmb)/Gmm] Where VA = % air voids in the compacted mixture, Gmm= maximum specific gravity of uncompacted mixture (AASHTO T-209), and Gmb= bulk specific gravity of compacted mixture (AASHTO T-166, Method A)). Equipment for spreading and finishing the mixture shall be a mechanical spreading and finishing machine provided with an activated screed and heated, if required. The machine shall be capable of spreading the mixture without segregation and shall be approved by the design/project engineer before being used. Application of bituminous concrete pavement shall meet all the requirements of the VTrans Standard Specifications for Construction, Section 406, including, but not limited to, the following: Weather limitations: Bituminous material shall not be applied between November 1 and May 1, unless prior approval is obtained from the Town Engineer. The courses shall not be placed when the air temperature at the paving site in the shade and away from artificial heat is below 40 degrees Fahrenheit for courses 1 ¼” or greater in compacted thickness or below 50 degrees Fahrenheit for courses less than 1 ¼” in compacted thickness. When it is the public interest for servicing traffic, the Engineer may adjust the air temperature requirements or extend the dates of the paving season. Conditioning: When new bituminous concrete is to be placed over existing bituminous concrete or cement concrete surfaces, they shall be cleaned and sprayed with Emulsified Asphalt RS-1 before placing of the new bituminous concrete. The emulsified asphalt treatment will also be required when the bituminous or cement concrete surface to be paved has been placed in the same construction season (May through November of the same year), unless deleted by the Town Engineer. The emulsion shall be applied under pressure at the rate of 0.01 to 0.03 gallons per square yard. This application shall be made

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 64 just prior to the placement of the bituminous concrete mixture but shall progress sufficiently ahead of the paving so that the surface to be paved will be “tacky.” The entire surface to be paved shall be covered with a uniform film thickness of emulsified asphalt at the application rate described above. All longitudinal and transverse joints and all cracks shall be sealed by the application of an approved joint sealing compound before spreading the mixture upon Portland cement concrete surface. All excess bituminous material shall be removed from joints and cracks prior to placing the bituminous concrete mixture. Any large cracks in a bituminous surface shall be thoroughly cleaned and filled with a bituminous material or mixture approved by the project engineer. Contact surfaces such as curbing, gutters, and manholes shall be painted with a thin, uniform coat of Emulsified Asphalt RS-1 immediately before the bituminous concrete mixture is placed against them. If there are deficiencies that require corrective action, in the base course constructed as part of the Contract, a bituminous concrete mix which meets the approval of the project engineer shall be used to bring the base course to the designed grade and contour at the expense of the contractor. Where bituminous concrete is used to resurface existing pavements and the existing pavement contains irregularities, depressions or waves, such deficiencies shall be eliminated by the use of bituminous material for leveling to bring the existing base to uniform section and grade before placing of the required courses of bituminous concrete. Placing and Finishing: The bituminous mixture, at the time of discharge from the haul vehicles, shall be within ten degrees Fahrenheit of the midpoint of the compaction temperature for the approved mix design. All exposed surfaces which are not to be treated shall be protected from damage during all phases of the paving operations. Manhole and catch basin tops shall be flush with the surface on base coarse paving which will not be overlaid until the following year. The bituminous mixture shall be placed and finished with the specified equipment and struck off in a uniform layer to the full width required and of such depth that each course, when compacted, shall have the required thickness and shall conform to the grade and elevation. Specified bituminous pavers shall be used to distribute the mixture over the entire width or over such partial width as may be practical. The direction of paving of parking areas or other paved areas without a crown shall be parallel to the direction of drainage. Compaction: immediately after the bituminous mixture has been spread, struck off and surface irregularities adjusted, it shall be thoroughly and uniformly compacted by rolling. The surface shall be rolled when the mixture is in the

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 65 proper condition and when the rolling does not cause cracking or shoving under displacement. The number, weight and type of rollers furnished shall be sufficient to obtain the required compaction while the mixture is in a workable condition. Along forms, curbs, headers, walls and other places not accessible to the rollers, the mixture shall be thoroughly compacted with hot or lightly oiled hand tampers, smoothing irons, or with mechanical tampers. Unless otherwise directed, the longitudinal joint shall be rolled first and then rolling shall begin at the side of the pavement and proceed towards the center or high side with lapped rollings parallel to the centerline. The speed of the roller shall be slow and uniform to avoid displacement of the mixture and the roller should be kept in as continuous operation as practical. Rolling shall continue until all roller marks and ridges have been eliminated. Any mixture that becomes loose and broken, mixed with dirt, or is in any way defective shall be removed and replaced with fresh hot mixture, which shall be compacted to conform to the surrounding area. Any area showing an excess or deficiency of bitumen shall be removed and replaced. These replacements shall be at the developer/contractor’s expense. The contractor shall replace the pavement with like material where cores are removed during hot mix operations. These replacements shall be at the contractor’s expense. Joints: Joints between old and new pavements or between successive day’s work shall be made so as to insure a thorough and continuous bond between the old and new mixtures. Whenever the spreading process is interrupted long enough for the mixture to attain its initial stability, the paver shall be removed from the mat and a joint constructed. Butt joints shall be formed by cutting the pavement in a vertical plane at right angles to the centerline, at a location approved by the project engineer, where the pavement has a true surface as determined by the use of a straight edge. The butt joint shall be thoroughly coated with Emulsified Asphalt, Type RS-1, just prior to depositing the paving mixture. Unless otherwise noted by the project engineer or on the plans, transverse paving joints in wearing courses shall be butt type. Where directed by the project engineer, tapered joints shall be formed by ramping down the last 18 to 24 inches of the course being laid to match the

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 66 lower surface. Care shall be taken in raking out and discarding the coarser aggregate at the low end of the taper, and in rolling the taper. The taper shall be thoroughly coated with Emulsified Asphalt, type RS-1, just prior to resuming paving. As the paver places new mixture on the taper, an evenly graduated deposit of mixture will complement the previously made taper. Shovels may be used to add additional mixture if necessary. The joint shall be smoothed with a rake, coarse material discarded, and properly rolled. Longitudinal joints that have become cold shall be coated with Emulsified Asphalt, type RS-1, before the adjacent mat is placed. If directed by the project engineer, they shall be cut back to a clean vertical edge prior to painting with the emulsion. Unless otherwise directed by the design/project engineer, longitudinal joints shall be offset at least 6 inches from any joint in the lower courses of pavement. Transverse joints shall not be constructed nearer than 1 foot from the transverse joints constructed in lower courses. Testing: Testing for temperature of the mix will be performed by the contractor and provided to the Town Engineer at the time of paving. Bituminous mixtures, at time of discharge from the haul vehicle, shall be at a temperature of not less than 225 degrees F or more than 325 degrees Fahrenheit, unless otherwise approved by the Town. In addition the Town Engineer may require a certification from the supplier of the mix being furnished. The surface will be tested by the project engineer using a 16 foot straight-edge at selected locations parallel with the centerline. Any variations exceeding 3/16 of an inch between any two contacts shall be satisfactorily eliminated. A 10 foot straight-edge may be used on a vertical curve. The straight-edges will be provided by the contractor. On parking area surfaces or other paved areas that have no crown, the surface will be tested parallel to the drainage slope of the area. 508.0 Street Related Items 508.1 Street Lighting Streets and roadways shall be illuminated by standard street lights, approved by the Town, a maximum of three hundred feet (300') apart and at street intersections or as approved. Street lights shall be installed on the sidewalk side of the street. All street lighting installed in the Town of Essex shall adhere to the requirements

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 67 and guidelines of the current version of the Outdoor Lighting Manual for Vermont Municipalities. This manual is a publication of the Chittenden County Regional Planning Commission. 508.2 Traffic Control Devices Traffic control devices shall be installed to the standards contained in the latest version of the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). 508.3 Street Name Signs Street name signs, posts and foundation materials shall be as shown on Sign Detail 600.02 in Appendix A of this document. The sign post shall be located in the green strip between the sidewalk and curb at a point which will not interfere with pedestrian or vehicular travel, at a minimum distance 3' from the curb. All public roads shall be labeled with white lettering on a green background. All private roads shall be labeled with white lettering on a blue background. The text size and shape shall conform to the latest version of the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). 508.4 Guard Rails This item shall consist of the construction of twelve (12) gauge standard steel beam and post guard rail, conforming to the design indicated on the accepted drawings, Section 621 and 728 of the current version of the VTrans Standard Specifications for Construction, and Sheets G-1 and G-1d of the VTrans Standard Details for Construction. Guard rails shall be erected when the height of fill at the shoulder point is more than ten feet (10') with a slope steeper than 1 on 3 or as directed by the Town Engineer. 508.5 Street Sideline Monuments Street property sideline monuments shall be installed at street intersections and at points of curve and/or tangency or other critical points in the street lines as will enable a land surveyor to correctly stake out lots in the subdivision. Reinforced concrete monuments shall be 4" x 4" x 36" pre-cast concrete. The top shall have a marked center, which shall be the point of reference and a mark identifying the license number of the registered land surveyor under whose

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 68 direction the monument was set. In ledge, a minimum 4" deep hole shall be drilled or chiseled and a 6" long concrete monument shall be grouted in the hole. The monuments shall be set vertically and to a depth so that the top of the monument will project one-half inch (½") above the surrounding ground surface. The monuments shall be set in place after other street improvements are completed. The monument's location shall be established by a surveyor licensed to practice in the State of Vermont. 509.0 Curbing, Sidewalks, Drive Aprons and Paths 509.1 General Requirements All concrete used in the construction of roadway curbs shall meet or exceed the requirements of Class B Concrete, (3,500 psi), as described in Section 501 of the current version of the VTrans Standard Specifications for Construction. No concrete shall be poured on a frozen or thawing subgrade, or when the temperature is 38 degrees Fahrenheit and falling. The Contractor shall record the temperature daily as outlined in Proposed Recommended Practice for Cold Weather Concreting, ASI 306. In hot weather, temperature of freshly placed concrete shall not be allowed to exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit, conforming to ACI 305. Just prior to placing the concrete, the subgrade shall be moistened. The concrete, mixed to the proper consistency, shall be placed in the forms and thoroughly tamped in place so that honeycombs will be eliminated and sufficient mortar will be brought to the surface. The use of vibrators or other compaction equipment to move the concrete within the forms is not approved. Immediately upon removal of the forms, the curbing shall be rubbed down to a smooth and uniform finish. No plastering or patching will be allowed. After the forms have been removed, the trench shall be backfilled with approved gravel and fill as needed and thoroughly tamped. Care should be taken to not affect the alignment or grade of the curbing. When the initial curing period is over (approximately 28 days after placement), exposed surfaces shall receive two additional coats of Anti-spalling compound. Anti-spalling compound shall only be applied when the air temperature is above 50 degrees Fahrenheit. The Town may require tests to verify comprehensive strength.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 69 509.2 Portland Cement Concrete Curbing Portland cement concrete curb shall be constructed on a prepared subgrade in accordance with the current version of the VTrans Standard Specifications for Construction, and the requirements provided in Detail 100.07, in Appendix A of this document. Each residential lot shall be allowed one curb cut, which shall be constructed as outlined in the details in Appendix A of this manual. Approved development plans which indicate curb cut locations may be used in lieu of individual permits. Refer to Detail 100.08 in Appendix A for further construction requirements. When preparing the subgrade, all boulders, organic material, soft clay, spongy material, and other unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced with approved material. The concrete curbing shall be built to the required line and grade on a base of crushed gravel a minimum of six inches (6") in depth, which shall be fully compacted. One-half (½") expansion joints shall be placed at intervals of twenty (20) feet. At intervals not greater than ten (10) feet nor less than five (5) feet, the concrete curbs shall be scored for a depth equal to one-fourth the total depth of the concrete. Forms shall be metal or approved planed and matched lumber and of such construction that a smooth surface will be produced. Slip forms may be used in lieu of forms providing required joints are provided and all other requirements of this section are met, and these specifications are adhered to. 509.3 Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalk Portland cement concrete sidewalks shall be constructed on a prepared subgrade in accordance with the requirements of Detail 100.05 in Appendix A of this document. At a minimum, sidewalks constructed within the Town of Essex shall be made of one course of Portland cement concrete not less than five (5") thick and with a width of not less than five feet (5'). Where the sidewalk crosses a driveway, the depth of concrete shall be a minimum of six inches (6") for residential driveways and eight inches (8") for commercial and industrial driveways for the full width of the driveway. Sidewalks shall have ADA compliant ramps (including Detectable Warning

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 70 Surfaces) where they intersect with streets to provide for handicapped access. Further requirements are provided with Detail 100.06 in Appendix A of these Specifications. When preparing the subgrade, all boulders, organic material, soft clay, spongy material, and other unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced with approved material. The subgrade shall be properly shaped, rolled, and uniformly compacted to conform with the accepted cross-sections and grades. A minimum depth of six inches (6") of compacted crushed gravel shall be placed on the subgrade to the accepted grades. Under curb cuts and driveways, a total of 12" of compacted crushed gravel is required as a base for the cement concrete sidewalk. Under commercial or industrial drives 18" of base material is required. Refer to Details 100.05 and 100.08 for further sidewalk construction requirements at drive crossings. The forms for the concrete shall be constructed of wood or metal, straight, free from warps or kinks, and of sufficient strength. Forms shall be staked securely enough to resist the pressure of the concrete without springing. The Contractor shall apply an approved anti-bonding agent to all form surfaces before concrete is poured. When ready for the concrete, forms shall not vary from the approved lines and grades and shall be kept so until the concrete has set. 509.4 Drive Aprons 509.4.1 Bituminous Concrete Drive Apron Bituminous concrete driveway aprons shall not be less than two and one half inches (2 1/2") thick, and be constructed on a prepared subgrade in accordance with these specifications and as shown on the accepted drawings. (See Detail 100.08.) 509.4.2 Portland Cement Concrete Drive Apron This item shall consist of a Portland cement concrete driveway apron not less than six inches (6") thick to be constructed on a prepared subgrade in accordance with these specifications, the current version of the VTrans Standard Specifications for Construction, and Detail 100.08 in Appendix A of this document. Portland Cement Concrete drive aprons shall be constructed using the same requirements as Section 509.3, Portland Cement Concrete Sidewalks, of this document. The Contractor shall utilize the additional requirements below for

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 71 installation of Portland Cement Concrete Drive Aprons. 1. One-half inch (½") transverse expansion joints shall be placed where the driveway apron and driveway joins the sidewalk and curb or pavement. 2. Curbs shall be constructed so as to protrude one and one-half inches (l ½") above the roadway surface at the entrance to the driveway. This curb shall be constructed with a smooth and gradual depression transition which shall not exceed nine inches (9") in length. 510.0 Recreation Paths Recreation paths shall be constructed as depicted on Detail 100.12 in Appendix A of this document and as shown on VTrans Standard A-78. 511 Stormwater Control Facilities It is not intended by the Town of Essex that this “Section” be a complete set of specifications. It is to be used as a basic standard for any person planning to work in the Town storm sewer system. All materials listed shall be acceptable to the Town Public Works Department and any materials not listed will require acceptance by the Town Public Works Department before installation. Failure to receive acceptance of materials prior to their incorporation into the system shall leave the person having the work done liable to replace those substandard materials with acceptable materials at his/her cost. The applicant(s) proposing extensions or alterations to the existing storm sewer system shall be responsible for complying with all applicable rules, regulations, and ordinances (local, state and federal). Applicants shall submit all necessary documentation, including but not limited to, plans, details and drawings, specifications, and permits and shall have obtained all acceptances and paid all applicable fees. 511.1 General Drainage facilities shall be designed on the basis of a 25 year, twenty-four hour storm event. Drainage facilities not impacting Town highways, utilities, or other infrastructure may be designed on the basis of a 10 year, twenty-four hour storm event if approved by the Town of Essex. Projects that adversely impact existing storm drainage facilities will be expected to upgrade these facilities.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 72 On steep slopes, an effective method of anchoring storm drain pipes to prevent movement and/or slippage will be required. Storm drainage systems must be designed by a professional engineer, licensed in the State of Vermont. 511.2 Open Drainage The drainage systems for paved or unpaved rural roads shall be constructed using overland flow, gravel shoulders, grassed slopes, deep drainage ditches and cross culverts as necessary to provide proper erosion control. 511.3 Closed Drainage The drainage systems for urban Type I roads shall be constructed with catch basins, underground piping, outlet structures, energy dissipation devices and proper erosion control. Urban roads, classified as major roads, may be constructed with open drainage, on a case-by-case basis, as approved by the Town. 511.4 Materials 511.4.1 Pipe Storm drainage pipes shall be HDPE conforming to AASHTO M252, AASHTO M294 or ASTM F2306 minimum cell classification 435400C for 18” through 60” diameters. All storm drainage pipes shall have a minimum diameter of 18”. Underdrain pipes shall be PVC SDR 35 perforated pipe with ½” diameter holes at 5” on center. The underdrain pipes shall have a minimum diameter of 6” and all fittings shall be manufactured PVC SDR 35 gravity sewer fittings. Roadway and driveway culverts shall be HDPE pipe conforming to AASHTO M252, AASHTO M294 or ASTM F2306 minimum cell classification 435400C for 18” through 60” diameters. All roadway and driveway culverts shall have a minimum diameter of 18” and be sized to meet the up gradient drainage watershed for a 25 year storm.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 73 511.4.2 Pre-cast Concrete Structures Catch basins shall be precast reinforced concrete structures with a monolithic base. The catch basins shall be a minimum of 36” diameter or 24” square, but for structures with more than two (2) pipe penetrations (not including underdrain pipe penetrations), the catch basin diameter shall be a minimum of 48”. Catch basins located within the travelled way shall be designed and constructed to withstand (H-20) loading. Catch basins shall be sized such that: · At any elevation, a minimum of 60% of the circumference shall be concrete. · The minimum distance, as measured along the circumference, between two (2) openings shall be a minimum of 6”. · The structures shall meet the minimum requirements of Table 4.1. Table 4.1 Catch Basin Minimum Requirements Catch Basin Diameter Largest Pipe Diameter Allowed Sidewall Thickness Concrete Cover Thickness 36” (24” x 24”) 18” 6” 8” 48” 30” 6” 10” 60” 36” 6” 12” 72” 48” 7” 18” All catch basins shall be constructed such that they have a 24” sump. Manholes shall be round precast reinforced concrete structures with a monolithic base. All drainage manholes shall have a minimum 48” diameter. All storm manholes located within the travelled way shall be designed and constructed to withstand (H-20) loading. Flexible manhole sleeves manufactured by Lock Joint or accepted equal shall be provided at all mainline inlet and outlet pipe penetrations greater than or equal to 4” diameter. 511.4.3 Frames and Grates Catch basin frames and grates shall be 24” x 24” square and be manufactured in the United States. A three (3) flange frame and grate shall

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 74 be installed adjacent to curbs. Where the grade of the road exceeds 5%, high capacity grates may be required Manhole covers and frames shall be 30” diameter and be manufactured in the United States. The cover shall have the word “Storm” cast into it. 511.5 Methods of Installation 511.5.1 Storm Drain Pipe Storm drains and culverts shall be constructed in accordance with Detail 200.04 and the VTrans Standard Specifications for Construction, Section 601, and on a trench bottom, prepared and bedded as shown on the drawings. Each pipe shall be checked just prior to laying to ensure that it is clear of all dirt and debris and shall be laid true to line and grade as indicated on the contract drawings. All joints shall be tight and inverts shall be continuous. Storm drains and culverts with water flow velocities greater than 12 feet per second shall require special design which must be approved by the Town Engineer. All material for backfilling shall be free of roots, stumps, and frost. Backfill for all pipe lines shall be either native material or select backfill placed in six inch (6") lifts with each lift being compacted to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry density as determined by the AASHTO-99, Method A, Standard Proctor. Pipe bedding shall be as shown on Detail 200.04 in Appendix A of these Specifications. A continuous sheathed solid conductor copper tracer wire shall be installed over all storm pipes. See Details 200.01 through 200.04 in Appendix A of these specifications. 511.5.2 Drainage Swales Roadside drainage ditches shall be constructed to a minimum depth of 6” below the road subbase. As shown on Detail 200.06 in Appendix A of this document, ditches with centerline grade more than 5% shall have stone fill or riprap placed in the bottom to stabilize them.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 75 Stone used to stabilize ditches shall be of sufficient size for the purpose intended, but will be a minimum size of VTrans Type I Stone Fill. Stone fill and riprap shall be as defined by VTrans. Standard Specifications for stone fill 706.04 and riprap 706.03. Stone fill and riprap shall be placed according to VTrans Standard Specification 613. 511.5.3 Road Underdrain and Slope Drains This item shall consist of constructing underdrains using pipe, stone, filter fabric, underdrain outlets, clean outs, and risers in accordance with these specifications and as shown on the accepted drawings or as ordered by the Town or project engineer. Further requirements regarding the design and installation of underdrains can be found in Appendix A, Detail 200.07 of this document. Trenches for underdrain shall be excavated to the dimensions and grades shown on the approved plans or as ordered by the project engineer and/or the Town. Filter fabric, Mirafi 140N or approved equal, shall be placed in the trench. Stone fill shall be placed to a depth of six inches (6") below the bottom of the pipe in conformity with the lines and grades shown on the plans or as directed by the project engineer and/or the Town. PVC SDR 35 perforated underdrain, shall be placed in the center of the trench and firmly embedded in the material. The underdrain shall be placed with perforations down, and backfilled with ¾” washed crushed stone, and wrapped on filter fabric as shown in Detail 200.07 in Appendix A. Underdrain installation shall begin at the outlet (low) end and proceed toward the upper end. Upgrade ends of all underdrain pipe installations shall be connected to a storm drain structure or closed with suitable plugs to prevent entry of soil material. Backfill material shall not be placed directly in the trench by dumping from haul vehicles or by pushing material into trenches by bulldozers, graders, or other equipment. Trench backfill shall be limited to the use of hand shovels, backhoes, front-end loaders, or other similar types of equipment. Underdrain pipes shall run continuously from structure to structure to minimize the need for cleanouts. The underdrain pipes shall enter and exit the structures whenever possible, and be located a minimum 18” above the carrier pipe’s invert.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 76 511.5.4 Drainage Outlets As shown on detail 200.05 of these Specifications, at each stormwater pipe outlet, a combination of stone fill within the drainage way and rip rap above the sides shall be provided for sufficient distance from the outlet to prevent scouring and erosion of the drainage way. Stone fill shall conform to the VTrans Standard Specifications, Section 706.04. Erosion control fabric may also be required as a base for the stone fill, when in the opinion of the Town Engineer, the erodibility of the soil warrants its inclusion. In addition, energy dissipation devices may be required to slow the velocity of the outflow at the stormwater outlet. Devices include but are not limited to the following: 1. gabions 2. vertical drops in stormwater manholes 3. concrete or bituminous splash plates 4. permanent check dams, in addition to temporary erosion control devices 5. concrete or stone barriers. Storm water detention basins will be allowed providing the detention basins are constructed of sufficiently porous materials to enable the basins to drain within 24 hours of a storm event and further providing that the detention basin is less than 3' deep during the peak period of the design storm. The design storm to be used for sizing a detention basin shall be a minimum two-year, twenty-four hour storm event. Side slopes on detention basins shall be 1:3 or less. 511.6 Testing and Permit Requirements 511.6.1 Final Inspection All storm drain lines shall be checked for line and grade and shall be visually inspected by the design/project engineer prior to acceptance by the Town. The design/project engineer shall certify that the storm sewer system was built in accordance with the approved plans.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 77 511.6.2 Cleaning and Flushing All storm drain lines, catch basins, catch basin sumps and other appurtenant features shall be thoroughly cleaned of all debris and foreign material prior to acceptance by the Town. 512 Sanitary Sewer Specifications 512.1 General It is not intended by the Town of Essex that this “Section” be a complete set of specifications. It is to be used as a basic standard for any person planning to work in the Town sanitary sewer collection system. All materials listed shall be acceptable to the Town Public Works Department and any materials not listed will require acceptance by the Town Public Works Department before installation. Failure to receive acceptance of materials prior to their incorporation into the system shall leave the person having the work done liable to replace those substandard materials with acceptable materials at his/her cost. The applicant(s) proposing extensions or alterations to the existing sewer system shall be responsible for complying with all applicable rules, regulations, and ordinances (local, state and federal). Applicants shall submit all necessary documentation, including but not limited to, plans, details and drawings, specifications, and permits and shall have obtained all acceptances and paid all applicable fees prior to commencement of work. This item shall consist of the excavation and backfilling required for the complete construction of gravity sanitary sewers, force mains, and all appurtenant construction related thereto, including chimneys, service connections, thrust blocks, and other items necessary for a complete sanitary sewer system as indicated on the drawings. The work shall also include testing and placing the system into satisfactory operation. All sewer plans submitted for review shall be prepared by a licensed professional civil engineer registered in the State of Vermont. All submittals shall contain the plan and profile, invert elevations at the manhole (in and out elevation with a minimum 0.1' drop at each manhole), pipe slope and type of pipe to be used. Details of construction shall be provided for those ancillary items not covered in this document. All sewer mains shall be a minimum 8" in diameter, without exception. No sewer shall receive live sewerage until such time as the Town has given final approval to the sewer installation, including satisfactory completion of all

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 78 required tests. Service connections shall not be made until all receiving sewer mains have been completed and approved. The horizontal and vertical separation for sewer and waterlines shall be designed and installed in accordance with the latest edition of the Vermont Environmental Protection Rules and as depicted in Detail 400.04 of these specifications Unless the plans require a particular type of pipe material, the contractor shall have the option of utilizing, with Town approval, any one of the gravity sewer pipe materials listed in this section providing the pipe utilized meets or exceeds the strength and other class requirements shown on the Contract Drawings. 512.2 Gravity Sewer Gravity sewers shall be PVC solid wall pipe meeting ASTM Specifications D-3034 or F679, ductile iron pipe, or an approved equal. 512.3 Forcemain Force mains shall be either class 52 ductile iron with push on joints, or PVC when installed in an open trench, or HDPE when installed by Directional Boring. 512.4 Materials 512.4.1 Iron Pipe Size HDPE High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) material shall meet the following as the minimum in place standards. Materials shall be appropriate for the stresses generated by the selected equipment and field conditions. Ensure that the appropriate material is used to retain compliance once it is installed. Non-pressure installations ASTM D 2447 ASTM D 3350 ASTM F714 Pressure installations ASTM D 2447 ASTM D 3350 ASTM F714

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 79 ASTM 2513 512.4.2 Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe PVC sewer pipe shall conform in all respects to the latest revision of ASTM Specifications D-3034 or F679, Type PSM, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings, SDR35. Wall thickness of all PVC pipe shall meet ASTM Specifications for SDR35 pipe. All pipe and fittings shall be clearly marked as follows: 1. Manufacturer's Name and Trademark 2. Nominal Pipe Size 3. Material Designation 12454C PVC 4. Legend "Type PSM SDR35 PVC Sewer Pipe" 5. Designation ASTM D-3034 or F679 Joints shall be push-on type using elastomeric gaskets and shall conform to ASTM D-3212. The gaskets shall be factory installed. The pipe shall be furnished in nominal 13 or 14 foot lengths. All connections will require the use of manufactured fittings. Field fabricated, saddle type connections will not be considered acceptable. Any pipe or fitting having a crack or other defect or which has received a severe blow shall be marked rejected and removed at once from the work site. All field cuts are to be made with saw and 90 degree mitre box. The cut end shall be beveled to the same as the factory bevel and all interior burrs shall be removed. A homing mark shall be placed on the pipe before assembling. The pipe installed under this specification shall be installed so that the initial deflection, measured as described below, shall be less than five percent (5%). The manhole water stop gasket and stainless steel clamp assembly must be approved by the design/project engineer prior to the installation of any pipe. The Contractor will submit certification to the project engineer that the materials of construction have been sampled, tested, inspected, and meet all the requirements including wall thickness in accordance with ASTM D-3034 or ASTM F679 for all pipe and fittings to be included in the project work.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 80 PVC pipe shall not be installed when the temperature drops below 32 degrees Fahrenheit or goes above 100 degrees Fahrenheit without prior approval. During cold weather, the flexibility and impact resistance of PVC pipe is reduced. Extra care is required when handling PVC pipe during cold weather. PVC pipe shall not be stored outside and exposed to prolonged periods of sunlight, as pipe discoloration and reduction in pipe impact strength will occur. Canvas or other opaque material shall be used to cover PVC pipe stored onsite. 512.4.3 Ductile Iron Sewer Pipe Ductile iron pipe shall be the thickness class designated on the plans. All ductile iron pipe shall be centrifugally cast in molds and shall conform to the latest revision of ANSI Standard A21.51 (AWWA C151): ANSI Standard A21.11 (AWWA C111), Rubber Gasket Joints for Cast Iron and Ductile Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings; and ANSI Standard A21.10 (AWWA C110), Gray-Iron and Ductile Iron Fittings 2 Inch Through 48 Inch of Water and Other Liquids. All ductile iron pipe shall be cement-lined and shall conform to ANSI Standard A21.4 (AWWA C104), Cement-Mortar Lining for Cast Iron and Ductile Iron Pipe and Fittings for Water. All fittings shall be push-on joint fittings unless noted otherwise on the plans with body thickness and radii in accordance with Section 11-2 through 11-5 and 11-7 through 11-8 of ANSI A21.11. Mechanical joining, ductile iron pipe, shall be the thickness class designated on the plans and shall be installed where specified on the plans. Mechanical joint ductile iron pipe shall conform to the specifications of ductile iron pipe, except for fittings which shall be mechanical joint with body thickness and radius of curvature conforming to ANSI A21.10 and mechanical joints which shall be in accordance with Sections 11-2 through 11-6 of ANSI A21.11. Where indicated on the plans and for the purpose of resisting corrosion, an 8 mil. thick polyethylene wrap shall be provided for the pipe. All material and installation shall be done in accordance with the latest version of AWWA Standard C105. 512.4.4 Pipe Bedding For PVC Gravity Sewer, the bedding material shall consist of crushed stone or crushed gravel, uniformly graded from 3/4" to 1/4" extending from

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 81 the trench bottom, 6" below the pipe invert to the crown of the pipe. For ductile iron gravity sewers and force mains, the bedding material shall consist of sand or gravel from the trench bottom, 6" below the pipe invert to the centerline of the pipe. Gravel shall mean a material reasonably free from silt, loan, clay or organic material containing no more than 8% by weight passing the #200 sieve, uniformly graded and the largest stone shall not exceed 1" in any dimension. For pipe materials different from those listed, the Town Engineer shall make a determination as to the equivalent level of bedding construction, based on information submitted prior to construction by the contractor. When an unstable trench bottom is encountered and in the opinion of the Town Engineer, it cannot support the pipe adequately, an additional depth should be excavated and refilled to the pipe invert with approved material. All pipe trenches shall be dry during the laying of pipe. 512.4.5 Directional Bore Directional Boring, also commonly called Horizontal Directional Drilling shall only be for the installation of force mains. No gravity sewer mains may be installed with this method. The materials, installation methods and testing shall meet or exceed those specified in Section 520, Potable Water Specifications, of these Specifications. 512.4.6 Pre-cast Concrete Structures Manholes shall be placed at all changes in slope, size, alignment of pipe, at the ends of each line, and not exceeding three hundred feet (300'). Reinforced concrete manholes and drop manholes shall be constructed to the dimensions and at the locations shown on the contract drawings. All precast reinforced concrete manhole sections shall conform to the latest version of the ASTM Specifications C 478. The footing may be either cast-in-place with 3000 PSI concrete or precast and shall conform to the dimensions indicated on the plans. Shelves and inverts shall be constructed with red-hardened brick as shown on Details 300.01 and 300.02 in Appendix A of these Specifications. Inverts for sewer manholes shall be as shown on the plans and details. Inverts shall have the exact shape of the sewer to which they are connected, shall be gradual and even. All construction of sewer manholes

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 82 must be carried out to ensure watertight work. Any leaks in manholes shall be caulked on the exterior wall of the structure and completely repaired to the satisfaction of the design/project engineer or the entire structure shall be removed and rebuilt. All manholes are to be provided with copolymer polypropylene plastic rungs with steel reinforcement eight inches (8") on center. The rungs will have a minimum pull out strength of 2500 lbs. Precast risers and bases for manholes shall conform to ASTM Specification C361. The pipe openings in the precast manhole riser shall have a flexible gasket. Joints between manhole risers shall be rubber "O" ring seals or soft Butyl joint sealer (rope form). Mortar purging will not be allowed on the interior seams of manhole walls, but may be used on the outside of joints. To protect manholes from groundwater intrusion, the manholes will be sealed on the exterior with a two-coat coal-tar epoxy coating system. The two coating thickness shall achieve a minimum dry film thickness of 15 mils. 512.4.7 Frames and Covers All manholes shall be provided with tough gray, cast iron manhole frames and covers of the size and type as indicated on the detailed drawings. The minimum diameter shall be 30", with a minimum weight of 400 pounds is the preferred type. All castings shall be manufactured in the United States. Castings shall be true pattern and free from flaws. Bearing surfaces of manhole frames and covers against each other shall be machined to give continuous contact throughout their entire circumference. All iron castings shall be thoroughly cleaned and then coated with hot tar before being delivered. Manhole covers shall be marked "sewer". Water-proof type manhole covers shall be provided when noted on the plans or as required by the project engineer. All manholes shall be non-venting. 512.4.8 Brick Masonry Inverts Brick masonry shall be used for filling of manhole inverts and for similar uses.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 83 As noted on Detail 300.02 in Appendix A of these Specifications, the brick for ordinary brickwork shall be common red hard-burned clay brick. All brick shall be regular and uniform in shape and size with plane, parallel beds and faces. Ordinary brick shall conform to ASTM Specification C-32, latest version, and shall be Grade MS. The brick for ordinary brickwork shall be laid in Portland cement mortar reinforced with fiber-glass fibers (block bond) composed of one part Portland cement and two parts of sand, measured by volume, to which not more than 10 pounds of lime shall be added for each bag of cement. Water for mortar shall be clean and only an amount sufficient to produce a workable mortar shall be used. Mortar shall be used within one hour from the time the cement was added to the mix. Pre-mixed, bagged mortar will not be allowed. The sand for mortar for brick masonry shall be uniformly graded, clean, sharp, and contain no grains larger than will pass a one-eighth inch (1/8") mesh screen. Each brick shall be wetted and completely bedded in mortar at its bottom, sides, and ends in one operation with care being taken to fill every joint. Brickwork shall be well-bonded, and joints shall be as close as practicable. No brick masonry shall be laid in water nor shall any water be allowed to rise on or around any brick masonry until it has set at least 24 hours. No masonry shall be laid in freezing weather. 512.4.9 Service Connections As noted on detail 300.06 of these specifications, sewer service connections within the town right-of-way for one house shall be constructed of six inch (6") pipe to the property line, unless otherwise noted on the plans, of the type material specified under this section. The pipe shall be laid and its joints made as required for sewer construction in this specification. Larger service connections may be required for commercial or industrial applications. As noted on detail 300.06 of these specifications, open ends of pipes shall be properly sealed with a watertight cap or plug to prevent damage and intrusion of foreign matter where hookup to the building sewer is not coincident with sewer main construction. Additionally, a stable, temporary marker approved by the project engineer shall be provided from the sewer service invert up to six inches (6") above the finished grade and seated

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 84 securely into the ground for ease in relocating the end of sewer service connection for hooking up the building sewer. In the case of reconnection of existing services, such reconnections will be made only after the new sewer main has been completed, tested, and accepted by the town. The excavation, bedding material, installation, and backfill for service connections shall be same as for sewer mains. 512.4.10 Sewer Cleanouts As noted on detail 300.07 of these specifications, cleanouts for gravity sewers and force mains shall be provided at locations indicated on the plans or as directed by the project engineer. Cleanout frames and covers shall be of tough gray cast iron. Castings shall be true to patterns and free from flaws. The bearing surface of cleanout frames and covers against each other shall be machined to give continuous contact throughout their circumference. All iron castings shall be thoroughly cleaned and then coated with hot coal tar before being delivered. Cleanouts shall be installed where the distance from the building to the main sewer is greater than one hundred (100) feet or where bends greater than or equal to the sum of forty-five (45) degrees are used in the building sewer. Cleanouts shall be made by installing a "Y" and one-eighth (1/8) bends of the same diameter as the building sewer. The cleanouts shall ordinarily be installed at the point of connection between the building sewer and the outside part of the house plumbing system, at curves on the building sewer and on the straight part of the house sewer to the main sewer. The cleanout shall be brought up from the building sewer to four (4) inches below ground level and be properly capped. The locations of all cleanouts shall be recorded and copies of those records shall be turned over to the Town. 512.4.11 Thrust Blocks and Anchors As noted on detail 400.03 of these specifications, concrete thrust blocks and anchors shall be placed at bends, tees, fittings, and other locations on the force main as shown on the contract drawings or as directed by the design/project engineer. Concrete for thrust blocks and anchors shall be 3000 psi concrete. Exposed steel rods and clamps as required shall be rustproofed or painted. Thrust blocks and anchors shall be placed between the fitting and the trench wall with bearing on undisturbed earth. Bearing area shall be as

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 85 shown on the contract drawings or as required by the project engineer. There shall be neat contact with fittings. 512.5 Methods of Installation 512.5.1 Excavation Before any construction takes place with the Town’s right-of-way, or within 15’ of the edge of that right-of-way, all construction warning signs and safety measures shall be installed and approved. The signs and safety measures shall meet or exceed the requirements of the latest edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Excavations shall be made to a point at least six inches (6") below the pipe invert to accommodate the bedding material. All excavations are to be kept dry while pipe is being laid. Wherever boulders or ledge rock are encountered in excavations for pipelines or structures, such boulders or ledge rock shall be removed to a depth of six inches below grade and space occupied by them shall be refilled to grade with the specified bedding material. Trenches shall be opened at such times and to such extent only as may be permitted by the project engineer or the Town. All driveways, crosswalks, sod, shrubs, trees and any other surface material affected by the work shall be carefully taken up and kept separate from other excavated material. If suitable, excavated material shall be used for embankments, backfill and fill. Side slopes of excavations shall be as required by VOSHA. Wherever material at or below grade line of pipe or structure plus depth of bedding material is unsuitable for foundations, it shall either be excavated to such additional depths as directed by the project engineer and then refilled with well compacted crushed stone or the project engineer may direct that a filter fabric be utilized. It shall be installed and the excavation then brought to grade line of pipe with well-compacted bedding. 512.5.2 Sewer Pipe Installation The bell end of the pipe shall face upgrade at all times and be placed in such a position as to make the invert even when the succeeding section is inserted. Where required by adverse grading conditions, the developer/contractor shall fill any gully to make a suitable bedding for the sewer pipe. The fill shall be compacted to a 95% dry density by the

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 86 AASHTO-T-99, Method A (Standard Protector) test, upon which six inches (6") of bedding material shall be placed. Any pipe which is not laid to grade and alignment shall be re-laid to the satisfaction of the project engineer. The allowable horizontal and/or vertical deflection shall as per the manufacturers specifications. The bedding material shall be placed and compacted on each side of the pipe to a height as required for the type of pipe and for the full width of the excavated trench and as shown on the accepted plans. All piping shall be laid in the dry. It is the responsibility of the contractor to dewater the site prior to and during pipe installation. The interior of the pipe shall be emptied of any debris and cleaned prior to installation. All gravity sewer mains shall have a Mandrel pulled between each successive manhole. A continuous sheathed solid conductor copper tracer wire shall be installed over all sanitary sewer pipes. See Details 300.01, 300.03-300.05 and 300.09 in Appendix A of these specifications. 512.5.3 HDD – Horizontal Directional Drilling HDD is a multi-stage process consisting of site preparation and restoration, drilling a pilot bore along a predetermined path and then pulling the product back through the drilled space. When necessary, enlargement of the pilot bore hole may be necessary to accommodate a product larger than the pilot bore hole size. This process is referred to as back reaming and is done at the same time the product is being pulled back through the pilot bore hole. Sump pits are required to contain drilling fluids if vacuum devices are not operated throughout the drilling operation, unless approved by the Engineer. Within 48 hours of completing installation of the boring product, the contractor shall clean the work site of all excess slurry or spoils and ensure that the work site is restored to pre-construction conditions or as identified on the plans. The contractor shall be responsible for repairing any damage caused by heaving, settlement, separation of pavement, escaping drilling fluid (frac-out), or the directional drilling operation, at no cost to the Town. The contractor shall have a representative who is thoroughly knowledgeable of the equipment and boring methods present at the job site

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 87 during the entire installation and available to address immediate concerns and emergency operations. Installation shall not begin until the Engineer is present at the job site and agrees that proper preparations have been made. Use either a continuous green sheathed solid conductor copper wire line (minimum #12 AWG for external placement or minimum #14 AWG for internal placement in the conduit/casing). Tracking conductors must extend 2 feet beyond bore termini. See standard details for further direction on protecting and terminating the tracer wire. 512.5.4 Precast Concrete Manhole Installation Manhole covers and frames shall be set to final grade immediately prior to paving of the final top course. When top course pavements are not paved prior to the onset of winter, all manhole frames and covers shall be flush or below top of the paved base course. Just prior to paving the top course, the manhole frames will be cut out and reset to final grade prior to paving or a manhole extension used. As shown on detail 300.01 of these specifications, manholes frames shall be set to grade with precast concrete riser rings. All manhole lift holes shall be grouted inside and out with expandable grout. 512.5.5 Backfill All material for backfilling shall be free of roots, stumps, and frost. Backfill for all pipe lines shall be either native material or select backfill placed in six inch (6") lifts with each lift being compacted to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry density as determined by the AASHTO-99, Method A, Standard Proctor. Pipe bedding shall be as shown on Detail 200.04 in Appendix A of these Specifications. No stones in excess of one and one-half inch (1 1/2") diameter shall be placed within two feet (2') of the outside of the pipe. Particular precautions shall be taken in placement and compaction of the backfill material in order not to damage and/or break the pipe. The backfill shall be brought up evenly on both sides of the pipe for its full length. Walking or working on the completed pipeline, except as may be necessary in tamping or backfilling, shall not be permitted until the trench has been backfilled to a height of at least two feet (2') on the top of the pipes. During

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 88 construction, all openings to the pipelines shall be protected from the entering of earth or other materials. 512.5.6 Frost Protection As noted on details 300.04 and 400.09 of these Specifications, sewers with less than five and one-half feet (5.5') of cover over the crown or where indicated on the plans shall be protected against freezing by installing two inch (2") thick Styrofoam SM insulating sheets with a width of three feet (3') or twice the pipe diameter, whichever is greater. The sheets shall be placed six inches (6") above the crown of the sewer after compaction of the six inch lift immediately above the crown. Care shall be exercised during backfill and during compaction over the styrofoam. SM sheets shall meet the compressive strength requirements of ASTM D1621-73. The styrofoam shall be as manufactured by Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan or equal. 512.6 Final certification 512.6.1 Testing of Sewer Infrastructure 512.6.2 Gravity Sewers Low Pressure Air Test The low pressure air test shall conform to the requirements and procedures set forth as follows: 1. Test is to be conducted between two (2) consecutive manholes, as directed by the Project Engineer. 2. The test section of the sewer line is plugged at each end. One of the plugs must be tapped and equipped for the air inlet connection for filling the pipeline from the air compressor. 3. All service laterals, stubs, and fittings into the sewer test section should be properly capped or plugged and carefully braced against the internal pressure to prevent air leakage by slipping and blowouts. 4. When a constant pressure of 4.0 psig is reached, throttle air supply to maintain the internal pressure above 3.5 psig for at least five (5) minutes. This time permits the temperature of the entering air to equalize with the temperature of the pipe wall. During this stabilization period, it is advisable to check all capped and plugged fittings with a soap solution to detect any leakage at these connections.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 89 5. If leakage is detected at any cap or plug, release the pressure in the line and tighten all leaky caps and plugs. Then start the test operation again by supplying air. When it is necessary to bleed off the air to tighten or repair a faulty plug a new five (5) minute interval must be allowed after the pipe line has been refilled. 6. After the stabilization period, adjust the air pressure to 3.5 psig and shut off or disconnect the air supply. At 3.5 psig commence timing with a stop watch until the line pressure drops to 2.5 psig. The time required for a pressure loss of 1.0 psig is used to determine the test results. 7. If the time, in minutes and seconds, for the air pressure to drop from 3.5 to 2.5 psig is greater than that shown in the table for the designated pipe size, the section undergoing the test shall have passed and shall be presumed to be free of leaks. The test may be discontinued at that time. 8. If the time, in minutes and seconds, for 1.0 psig drop is less than that shown in the table below for the designated pipe size, the section of pipe shall not have passed the test; therefore, adequate repairs must be made and the line retested. Low Pressure Air Test – Time Table The minimum test times for various pipe sizes are as follows; Nominal Pipe Size in inches T (time) min/100ft Nominal pipe size in inches T (time) min/100ft 3 0.2 21 3.0 4 0.3 24 3.6 6 0.7 27 4.2 8 1.2 30 4.8 10 1.5 33 5.4 12 1.8 36 6.0 15 2.1 39 6.6 18 2.4 42 7.3 9. An air pressure correction is required when the prevailing ground water is above the sewer line being tested. Under this condition, the air test

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 90 pressure must be increased .433 psi for each foot the ground water level is above the invert of the pipe. 10. If the section does not pass the leakage tests, the Contractor shall do everything necessary to locate, uncover, and repair or replace the defective pipe, fitting, or joint, all at his/her own expense and without extensions for completion of work. Additional tests and repairs shall be made until the section passes the specified test. 11. No more than 1,000 feet of sewer shall be constructed initially without testing. After the initial test, the frequency of testing shall be as determined by the Project Engineer. Deflection Test This test is applicable in sections in which plastic pipe (PVC) has been installed. Requirements and procedures as recommended by the manufacturer and as detailed below shall be followed for the specific pipe material used. Deflection testing of PVC pipe (flexible) shall conform to the requirements and procedures set forth by the manufacturer but as directed by the Project Engineer. Testing shall take place on all lines designated by the engineer only after the final backfill has been in place at least thirty (30) days. The test shall be conducted using a rigid ball or mandrel having a diameter 92.5% of the pipe. This “go-no go” deflection testing equipment shall be pulled through the pipe without the use of mechanical pulling devices. All sewer lines shall be lamped by a licensed Professional Engineer as witnessed by the Public Works Department. The maximum limits of vertical deflection for PVC pipe (flexible) shall be 7.5%. In any area where the deflections exceed 7.5% (i.e. the mandrel will not successfully pass and the lamping test fails), the trench shall be re-excavated, and the pipe zone backfill and embedment shall be removed and replaced in accordance with the original specifications. If, in the opinion of the Project Engineer and/or the Public Works Department, the pipe has been damaged, the pipe shall be removed and replaced with new pipe and installed in full accordance with the specifications. 512.6.3 HDD – Horizontal Directional Drilling Testing requirements shall meet or exceed those specified in Section 520, Potable Water Specifications, of this document.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 91 512.6.4 Sanitary Sewer Manhole After each manhole has been set in place (but before backfilling), all inlet and outlet pipes connected, joints and openings sealed and otherwise ready to be backfilled, the Contractor shall perform a vacuum test of each manhole in the presence of the licensed Project Engineer as follows: 1. Set the testing equipment on the top section of the manhole and inflate the compression band to affect a seal between the structure and the vacuum base. 2. Connect the vacuum pump to the outlet port, open the valve, and draw a vacuum of 10” Hg. (Mercury). 3. Close the valve and monitor the vacuum gauge. 4. The manhole shall pass this test if the vacuum holds at 10” Hg. or drops no lower than 9” Hg. within the following times shown on Table 2.2. Table 2.2 Manhole Vacuum Test Manhole Depth Time 0’ – 10’ 2 min 00 sec 10’ – 15’ 2 min 30 sec 15’ – 20’ 3 min 00 sec 5. If the vacuum drop exceeds 1” Hg. during the specified time periods, the manhole shall be resealed and steps 1 through 4 above shall be repeated until the vacuum holds for the specified time. 6. After the manhole passes the vacuum test, it shall be backfilled carefully so that no leaks are created. If the manhole is disturbed in any way during backfill, it shall again be vacuum tested according to steps 1 through 4 above. 7. The Contractor shall provide the Design/Project Engineer with a written log of each manhole leakage test result. 8. The Contractor may perform a water leakage test on sewer manholes instead of a vacuum test in accordance with the State of Vermont Environmental Protection Rules. 512.6.5 Sanitary Sewer Forcemain After a force main has been completed, the pipe shall be subjected to hydrostatic and leakage tests in accordance with AWWA C600 (latest

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 92 edition). Refer to the Vermont Environmental Protection Rules for the testing requirements for force mains. (N)(D)x√P L= --------------- 7400 Where L = leakage allowed per hour; N = number of pipe joints in the length of pipe tested; D = nominal diameter of the pipe, in inches; and P = average test pressure during the leakage test in psi. 512.7 Cleaning and Flushing Upon completion of construction, all dirt and other foreign material shall be removed from pipelines and their appurtenant construction. No material shall be left in the pipelines to impede normal flow through them. 513 Municipal Wastewater Pump Stations The information provided under this section is representative of what the Town of Essex Public Works Department requires for sanitary sewer pumping stations and shall be used as guidance throughout any design of infrastructure that will be turned over to the Town of Essex for ownership and future operation and maintenance. The Public Works Department reserves the right to provide input and comment on all pump station projects throughout the design process. All concerns and issues raised by Public Works staff during design must be addressed to the satisfaction of the Public Works Department prior to transfer of infrastructure ownership. 513.1 General Wherever feasible, gravity sewers shall be utilized rather than wastewater pumping stations. Sewer pipeline depths up to 20' shall be considered feasible, unless the design engineer can substantiate the cost-effectiveness of pumping over a 20-year life, including capital and operations/maintenance costs. The Town has standardized its sewage system on the basis of Smith & Loveless prefabricated pumping stations. This is due to the large number of existing wastewater pumping stations within the Town of Essex, the similarity of design requirements, the standard of construction and the limited number of personnel to manage the sewer system. Other manufacturers of pump stations will not be approved for installation for pump stations to be turned over to the Town. The

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 93 design of all pumping stations will be reviewed by the Town Engineer prior to ordering. The Town of Essex currently has two types of sanitary sewer pump stations within the system, a wet well / dry well configuration or a wet well only, (dog house), configuration. For stations serving in excess of 50 living units or the equivalent flow of 10,000 GPD, the Town will require the use of a factory-built wet-well/dry-well design. Stations serving 50 living units or less, the Town will consider the use of factory-built, surface or recessed wet-well mounted units. Submersible pumps will only be allowed, on a case-by-case basis, for those situations involving failed onsite leaching systems where no other viable alternative exists, for mound systems or for those special situations such as when service to a single isolated lot requires a substantial increase in design depth of the sewer. 513.2 Prefabricated Pump Station System The pump station shall be either an above-ground, fiberglass hood-covered station or a recessed station by Smith & Loveless as dictated by the criteria above in Section 519.1. A minimum dual pump station shall be furnished, including all clearing and grubbing, excavation and backfill, dewatering, exterior piping, electrical work, site work, alarms, remote telemetry function, onsite emergency back-up power, four-hour storage capability and other work required for a complete installation. Each pump station shall be designed to contain, in combination with the gravity lines to the first point of overflow, a minimum of four hours storage capacity built into the station. The storage may either be in the wet well above the operating level or in a separate chamber, as for wet well/dry well stations. Each pump station shall meet or exceed the following requirements; The pressure rating of sewage pumps and discharge piping components shall be at least equal to sewage pump discharge pressure, but not less than 125 psig. The pressure rating of other piping components shall be at least equal to system operating pressure. The foundation for the pump station shall be a pre-cast or cast-in-place reinforced concrete wet well with minimum 4000 psi concrete, externally coated with two coatings of coal tar epoxy. The wet well chamber shall be designed to minimize deposition of solids.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 94 An auxiliary discharge connection manhole with a valved access port into the discharge force main shall be provided to enable the Town to bypass the pump station with a portable pump. Detail 300.09, Auxiliary Discharge Manhole, in Appendix A of this document, provides further detail on the discharge connection requirements. 513.3 Product Data and Shop Drawings The Town of Essex Public Works Department shall receive copies of all product data and shop drawings submitted for approval by the engineer of record for a particular project. Public Works reserves the right to provide comment and direction on all future equipment to be installed throughout the pump station design. Product data submitted for review shall include rated capacities; shipping, installed, and operating weights; furnished specialties; and accessories. Shop Drawings submitted for review and approval shall include fabrication and installation details for each packaged pumping station, detailed equipment assemblies indicating dimensions, weights, loads, required clearances, product option drawings indicating size, profiles, and dimensional requirements of packaged pumping stations and based on the specific system supplied, method of field assembly, components, and location and size of each field connection, wiring diagrams for power, signals, and controls. • Product Certificates for sewage pumps, signed by product manufacturer. • Field quality-control test reports. • Maintenance Data including in maintenance manuals. • Warranties: Special warranties specified in this Section. Product data regarding electrical components, devices, and accessories listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70, Article 100, by testing agency acceptable to the Town, and marked for intended use. • HI compliance with HI 1.1-1.5 for sewage pumps. • NEMA compliance with NEMA MG 1 for electric motors. • UL compliance with UL 778 for sewage pumps. As part of the product submittal process, a Quality Assurance package shall be

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 95 submitted including but not limited to the following; • Installer Qualifications, • Manufacturer Qualifications, • Testing Agency Qualifications (Testing agency as defined by OSHA in 29 CFR 1910.7) 513.4 Typical Pump Station Operation • When the wastewater level rises in the wet well sufficiently to trigger the level transducer "on”, the vacuum pump connected to the lead pump will activate and prime the lead pump. • When the wastewater level in the lead pump reaches the level sensing probe, the vacuum pump shuts off and the lead pump will immediately start. The pump will remain primed from cycle to cycle. • If the inflow to the wet well is greater than the capacity of the lead pump, the wet well level will continue to rise until the high level "on" transducer level setting is reached. This will activate the standby vacuum system and operate the standby pump. When priming is complete, the standby vacuum pump will shut off and the standby pump will immediately start. • The standby pump also will remain primed from cycle to cycle. The wastewater is drawn up through the suction pipe to the centrifugal pump, pumped out through the discharge pipe, check valve and gate valve into the force main. • The pumps decrease the wet well level until the pump low level "off" on the level transducer setting is reached and shuts off both pumps. • The pumps remain primed and the vacuum pump will not come on unless the liquid level has fallen below the level sensing probe, and the low level "on" setting is reached by the level transducer. 513.5 Pump Station Requirements All prepackaged pumping stations shall be provided by Smith & Loveless, Inc., as a factory fabricated, assembled, and tested with wet well for sewage pumps and collection of sanitary sewage and with suspended sewage pumps and dry equipment chamber for pump motors, controls, and accessories.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 96 All equipment and workmanship shall be guaranteed to be free from mechanical and electrical defects for a period of one year from the date of final acceptance. Any replacement of parts or adjustments, including labor made necessary by such defects and adjustments, shall be rectified without cost to the Town. At the completion of the project, all work areas shall be left in a clean and orderly condition and all debris, including materials not used shall be removed from the site. Each pump station shall contain the following items as a minimum. The Town of Essex may change any of the following or add additional requirements on a case-by-case basis. · The pumps shall be designed such that one pump will handle the peak level design flow at the lowest rpm and highest efficiency. · The pump/motor shaft shall be one piece stainless steel. · The pump impellers shall be of the enclosed type made of close grained cast iron and shall be balanced. All impellers less than full diameter shall be trimmed, to prevent the buildup of foreign particles. · The pump shaft seal shall be sealed against leakage by a double mechanical seal. · The controls for the station shall be NEMA 1 type with all coded wiring. · A trouble shooting block diagram shall be provided for fast diagnosis of problems. · Dual vacuum pumps shall be provided as well as a duplex priming system. · Spring loaded, external arm, non-slamming check valves are required. · The pumps shall be protected by a hinged fiberglass hood, for access, service and maintenance. The fiberglass cover shall contain ventilation louvers, opening handle and hasp for a padlock. · The unit shall be equipped with special hood insulation, the largest heater available, and high capacity, low noise level, squirrel-cage ventilation blowers. · Level controls in the wet well, submersible level transducer with back up low level shutoff, high level activation and high level alarm shall be of the mercury

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 97 · float type. 513.6 Pumps and Process Piping All factory fabricated piping between unit components shall be galvanized steel pipe and cast-iron fittings or ductile-iron pipe and fittings. Sewage pump piping shall include gate valve on each pump inlet and gate and check valves on each discharge pipe. Sump pump piping including ball or gate and check valves on discharge pipe. Vacuum piping shall include ball and check valves on inlet pipe to each vacuum pump. All valves shall be manufactured of ferrous alloy. Fittings shall be used for changes in direction and branch connections. Flanged and union joints may be used instead of joints as specified. Dielectric fittings are required for connections between ferrous- and copper-alloy piping. Unless otherwise indicated, make the following piping connections: Sewage Pumps: Two dry-well-type, non-clog sewage pumps with controls and piping. Include ASTM A 48, Class 25, non-clog, cast-iron impeller capable of passing solids of 3-inch minimum diameter; mechanical or stuffing-box seals; and pedestal-mounted motor. An inline gate valve shall be installed on the forcemain outside of the pump station, to allow the forcemain to be stopped from back-draining, and to allow the pump station piping to be isolated. 513.7 Electrical System All material and equipment necessary for a complete and workable electrical system shall be furnished and installed including but not limited to: conduit and fittings, wire and cable, service panel, grounding, alarm system, connections to pump station, power company connection fees, telephone service fees, and any additional costs directly related to the installation of the pump station. Packaged pump stations will be furnished completely wired including controls and will require only power wiring from the service panel to the control panel in the pump station and signal wiring for the high level signal from the pump station control to the service panel. The above-grade panel and signal communicator are not the responsibility of the pump station manufacturer. Unless specifically noted otherwise on the design drawings, all materials and

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 98 equipment furnished and installed shall be new and meet the standards of the National Electrical Manufacturer's Association and Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., and shall bear their label wherever standards have been established and label service is available. The latest edition of the National Electric Code, all local ordinances and all regulations prescribed by Green Mountain Power Company shall be used as standards covering all electrical work. Work performed shall comply with the latest edition of the National Electric Code Underwriters Laboratories regulations and all Municipal, State and Federal codes. 513.8 System Controls System controls shall be manufactured by Smith and Loveless, Inc. or approved equal by the Town of Essex Public Works Department. The level control system shall start and stop the pump motors in response to changes in wet well level, as set forth herein. The level control system shall be capable of operating as a submersible transducer type system. The level control system shall utilize alternation to select first one pump, then the second pump, to run as lead pump for a pumping cycle. 1. The level control system shall utilize an electronic pressure switch which shall continuously monitor the wet well level, permitting the operator to read wet well level at any time. Upon operator selection of automatic operation, the electronic pressure switch shall start the motor for one pump when the liquid level in the wet well rises to the lead pump start level. When the liquid is lowered to the lead pump stop level, the electronic pressure switch shall stop this pump. These actions shall constitute one pumping cycle. Should the wet well level continue to rise, the electronic pressure switch shall start the second pump when the liquid reaches the lag pump start level so that both pumps are operating. These levels shall be adjustable as described below. a. The electronic pressure switch shall include integral components to perform all pressure sensing, signal conditioning, EMI and RFI suppression, DC power supply and 120 volt outputs. Comparators shall be solid state, and shall be integrated with other components to perform as described below. b. The electronic pressure switch shall be capable of operating on a supply voltage of 12 VDC in an ambient temperature range of -10 degrees C (14 degrees F) through 55 degrees C (131 degrees F). Control range shall be

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 99 0 to 12.0 feet of water with an overall repeat accuracy of (plus/minus) 0.1 feet of water. Memory shall be non-volatile. c. The electronic pressure switch shall consist of the following integral components; pressure sensor, display, electronic comparators and output relays. i. The internal pressure sensor shall be a strain gauge transducer and shall receive an input pressure. The transducer shall convert the input to a proportional electrical signal for distribution to the display and electronic comparators. The transducer output shall be filtered to prevent control response to level pulsations or surges. The transducer range shall be 0-15 PSI, temperature compensated from -40 degrees C (-40 degrees F) through 85 degrees C (185 degrees F), with a repeat accuracy of (plus/minus) 0.25% full scale about a fixed temperature. Transducer overpressure rating shall be 3 times full scale. ii. The electronic pressure switch shall incorporate a digital back lighted LCD panel display which, upon operator selection, shall indicate liquid level in the wet well, and the preset start and stop level for both lead and lag pump. The display shall include twenty (20), 0.19” high alpha-numeric characters calibrated to read out directly in feet of water, accurate to within one-tenth foot (0.1 foot), with a full scale indication of not less than 12 feet. The display shall be easily convertible to indicate English or metric units. iii. Level adjustments shall be electronic comparator set-points to control the levels at which the lead and lag pumps start and stop. Each of the level settings shall be easily adjustable with the use of membrane type switches, and accessible to the operator without opening any cover panel on the electronic pressure switch. Controls shall be provided to permit the operator to read the selected levels on the display. Such adjustments shall not require hard wiring, the use of electronic test equipment, artificial level simulation or introduction of pressure to the electronic pressure switch. iv. Each output relay in the electronic pressure switch shall be solid state. Each relay input shall be optically isolated from its output and shall incorporate zero crossover switching to provide high immunity to electrical noise. The ON state of each relay shall be indicated by illumination of a light emitting diode. The output of each relay shall be individually fused providing overload and short circuit protection. Each output relay shall have an inductive load rating equivalent to one NEMA

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 100 size 4 contactor. A pilot relay shall be incorporated for loads greater than a size 4 contactor. d. The electronic pressure switch shall be equipped with an output board which shall include LED status indicators and a connector with cable for connection to the main unit. e. The electronic pressure switch shall be equipped with pump start delay(s) preset at a fixed delay time of five (5) seconds. f. Circuit design in which application of power to the lag pump motor starter is contingent upon completion of the lead pump circuit shall not be acceptable. g. The electronic pressure switch shall be equipped with a simulator system capable of performing system cycle testing functions. h. The electronic pressure switch shall be capable of controlling liquid levels in either a pump up or pump down application. i. The electronic pressure switch shall have internal capability of providing automatic alternation, manual selection of pump sequence operation, and alternation in the event of 1-199 hours excessive run time. j. The electronic pressure switch shall be equipped with a security access code to prevent accidental set up changes and provide liquid level set point lock out. k. The electronic pressure switch shall be equipped with one (1) 0-33 ft. W.C. input, one (1) scalable analog input of either 0-5VDC, 0-10VDC, or 4-20mA, and one (1) 4-20mA scalable output. Output is powered by 10-24VDC supply. Load resistance for 4-20mA output shall be 100-1000 ohms. l. The electronic pressure switch shall include a DC power supply to convert 120VAC control power to 12 or 24VDC EPS power. The power supply shall be 500 mA (6W) minimum and be UL listed Class II power limited power supply. m. The electronic pressure switch shall be equipped with an electronic comparator and solid state output relay to alert maintenance personnel to a high liquid level in the wet well. An indicator, visible on the front of the control panel, shall indicate that a high wet well level exists. The alarm

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 101 signal shall be maintained until the wet well level has been lowered and the circuit has been manually reset. High water alarm shall be furnished with a dry contact wired to terminal blocks. n. The electronic pressure switch shall be equipped with an electronic comparator and solid state output relay to alert maintenance personnel to a low liquid level in the wet well. An indicator, visible on the front of the control panel, shall indicate that a low wet well level exists. The alarm signal shall be maintained until the cause for low wet well level has been corrected and the circuit had been manually reset. A low liquid level condition shall disable both pump motors. When the wet well rises above the low level point, both pump motors shall be automatically enabled. Low water alarm shall be furnished with a dry contact wired to terminal blocks. o. EPS Analog Output circuit will be furnished with transient voltage surge suppression to protect related equipment from induced voltage spike from lightning. 2. An alarm silence pushbutton and relay shall be provided to permit maintenance personnel to de-energize the audible alarm device while corrective actions are under way. After silencing the alarm device, manual reset of the alarm condition shall clear the alarm silence relay automatically. The pushbutton shall be oil tight design with contacts rated NEMA A300 minimum. 3. Submersible Level Transducer a. A Siemens Water Technologies Control Systems Bulletin A1000 Model 157GSCE Submersible Level Transducer or equal, shall sense the liquid level of the wet well. The transducer shall be a 3 wire type to operate from a supply voltage of 10.5 to 24 VDC and produce a 1-5 VDC instrumentation signal in direct proportion to the measures level excursion over a factory calibrated range of zero to (10) feet of water. b. The transducer shall be of the solid state head pressure sensing type, suitable for continuous submergence and operation and shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. The bottom diaphragm face of the sensor shall be installed approximately 6 inches above the wet well floor. The sensor shall be mounted using a stainless steel cable suspension system in a location and as shown on the job plans. c. The transducer housing shall be fabricated of type 316 stainless steel with a bottom diaphragm 2 5/8” diameter of heavy duty, limp, foul free, molded

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 102 Teflon ™ bonded to a synthetic rubber back/seal. d. A hydraulic fill liquid behind the diaphragm shall transmit the sensed pressure to a solid state variable capacitance transducer element to convert the sensed pressure to a corresponding electrical value. The sensed media shall exert its pressure against the diaphragm that flexes minutely so as to vary the proximity between an internal ceramic diaphragm and a ceramic substrate to vary the capacitance of an electrical field created between the two surfaces. A stable, hybrid, operational amplifier assembly shall be incorporated in the transducer to excite and demodulate the sensing mechanism. The transducer shall incorporate laser trimmed, temperature compensated, high quality components and construction to provide a precise, reliable, stable output signal directly proportional to the sensed pressure over a factory calibrated range. e. The transducer element shall incorporate high over pressure protection and be designed to withstand intermittent overpressures five times the fill scale range being sensed. Metallic diaphragms shall not be acceptable in that they are subject to damage or distortion. Sensing principles employing LVDTs, resistance or pneumatic elements shall not be acceptable. f. The internal pressure of the lower transducer assembly shall be relieved to atmospheric pressure through a heavy duty urethane jacketed hose/cable assembly and a slack PVC bellows mounted in the control panel. The sealed breather system shall compensate for variations in barometric pressure and expansion and contraction of air due to temperature changes and altitude as well as prevent fouling from moisture and other corrosive elements. g. The transducer assembly shall be installed where directed by the Engineer and connected with other system elements and placed in successful operation. h. The control panel shall include a UL 913 Listed intrinsic safety barrier that has been UL tested with the specific submersible transducer furnished for this application to render the transducer suitable for use in Class 1, Division 1 or 2, Groups A, B, C and D; Class II, Division 1 or 2, Groups E, F and G; and Class III, hazardous location (which includes a sewage wet well). i. The transducer will be furnished with a transient voltage surge suppression to protect related equipment from an induced voltage spike from lightning. 4. Cable Suspension Mounting Kit.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 103 Each sensor shall be suspension mounted using a 2’ long 1 inch NPT type 316 SS pipe with coupling, bolt, cable clamps and hardware along with the required length of ¼ inch diameter 7 x 19 SS cable. 5. Redundant High Alarm Pump Override Control a. An independent high level alarm and redundant control capability with features hereinafter listed shall be provided in addition to the specified primary control system. It shall be powered by a 120 VAC circuit breaker (other than the one powered the primary system) and use one or more direct acting level responsive float switches as described. b. The independent alarm/control panel equipment shall be designed to UL508 Industrial Control Panel standards and shall incorporate a 120 VAC input transformer with transient protection, a fused primary and a DC power supply with limited 12 VDC to supply the level sensing float circuit (s). The control shall be used here with a single high level float switch arranged in the wet well at a higher elevation than the normal operating range of the primary control and alarm. The float switch shall be mounted in the wet pit in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions or as shown on the plans. The front face of the Controller shall incorporate a High Level Alarm LED, a Control Turn On LED, a Control Hold LED, Control Contacts LED and a time adjustment with a 0 to 5 minute range. c. Upon the occurrence of a high level condition sensed by the high alarm float, the High Level Alarm red LED shall light, a form C SPDT alarm output contact circuit shall transfer to operate the specified alarm devices and two (2) form A, normally open, redundant control (50 amp/208 VAC) circuits shall close to provide redundant pump operation. These control circuits shall be wired in parallel with the primary control system two wire control circuits to provide a redundant capability. As the level recedes from the high level float, the alarm contact shall return to its normal state; however, the redundant control contacts are to continue to operate during the time period setting of the off delay timer. After that time interval (which is to commence following the lowering of the high level float) the control relay contacts are to re-open. d. The Control Turn On and Control Hold LED’s and circuitry allow two additional floats to be used with the CB1T to provide differential level automatic control in addition to the High Level Alarm capability. When the differential level pump control is in use, the High Level Alarm circuitry is not generally connected to activate the control circuits in the redundant mode here described.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 104 e. The redundant control/alarm capability shall be completely integrated in the specified control panel and system as described and in accordance with all applicable codes and job requirements. This redundant control shall be provided in the overall pump control panel, not as a separate panel. 6. Float Switches a. Two direct acting float switches shall be supplied for use with the redundant high alarm/pump override control. b. The contractor shall furnish, install, and wire the float switches as shown on the drawings. Each float shall have a molded polyethylene body, internal redundant polyurethane foam flotation, potted switch and cable connections and fine stranded AWG #18 cable with a heavy duty synthetic rubber jacket in lengths as required to run unspliced to the control panel. The floats shall operate at an intrinsically safe voltage and used with a pump/alarm controller providing differential pump operation, float indicating LEDs and test switches and alarm circuitry as required. c. The float switches shall be individually suspended in the wet well with weight kits. The float switch cables shall be suspended from a cable rack mounted to the top slab of the wet well. d. When the low float is activated, the controller will turn off the pump(s) and signal an alarm. The alarm will remain on until manually reset. e. When either back-up float is tripped, the pump controls will remain with the back-up float controls, until manually reset for switch pressure control. 7. Float Switch Intrinsic Barrier The float level sensor shall interface to the control circuitry via an intrinsically safe module. The module shall provide an intrinsically safe interface for up to six sensors located in a hazardous area rated Class 1, Group A, B, C and D, and Class 2 Groups E, F, and G. The module shall contain an LED indicator for each of up to six sensor inputs, providing visible indication of sensor actuation as well as an LED to indicate barrier “Power On” status. The intrinsic safety barrier shall be UL listed. 8. Selector Switches

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 105 a. A heavy-duty tight three-position, Hand-Off Automatic selector switch shall be flush-mounted on the operator’s door of the control panel for the operation of each magnetic motor starter. The selector switch shall operate the starter when it is in either the Hand position of the Automatic position, and the automatic control system is calling for the operation of the equipment in the manner as herein described. b. A heavy-duty oil tight green Pump Running pilot light shall be flush-mounted on the operator’s door of the control panel. This pilot light shall be operated from a respective starter auxiliary contact. The pilot light shall have a replaceable bulb. 9. Alarm Light (External) The station manufacturer will supply one 115 VAC alarm light fixture with vapor-tight shatter resistant red globe, conduit box, and mounting base. The design must prevent rain water from collecting in the gasketed area of the fixture, between the base and globe. The alarm light will be shipped loose for installation by the Contractor. 10. Spare parts The following minimum spare parts shall be furnished with the pump station: One (1) pump mechanical seal. One (1) cover plate O-Ring. One (1) rotating assembly O-Ring. One (1) set of impeller clearance adjustment spacers. 11. Contradictory Specifications If any of the preceding control system specifications are different than those provided by Smith and Loveless, Inc., those differences shall be brought to the attention of the Town prior to the work. 513.9 Alarm System An alarm system for the pump station shall be provided, consisting of a communicator (transmitter) tied to a dedicated telephone company line and through it to the central station of the Town’s current alarm monitoring provider. A flashing red light shall also be provided at the pump station as part of the alarm system.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 106 The communicator shall be digital with a minimum of 7 channels, a built-in power supply, gel-type battery and battery charger. The communicator shall have a 20 gauge anodized aluminum enclosure. When activated, the communicator shall seize the telephone line, then dial the central station receiver telephone number programmed into its memory. After receiving an acknowledgement from the receiver the communicator shall transmit the station account number and the proper alarm code and shall repeat this information until receiving a shut-down signal from the central station receiver. The communicator shall be capable of being activated by any of up to seven different sensing channels. Circuit inputs may be either a normally open or a normally closed configuration by switch selection. A 5 to 15 V DC position signal may also be used to activate the alarm. Simultaneous activation of a second or third input channel shall be reported in regular numerical sequence. Restore (return to normal) reporting shall be switch selected for any or all channels. When a restoration occurs on a selected channel, the communicator shall report an all clear code. The communicator shall contain a self-test feature to generate accurate status reports, to the central station receiver, automatically at 24 hour intervals. The alarm signals requiring transmission are: • Security / Hatch Alarm • Power Failure • Pump Over-Run (if applicable) • High Water/Wet Well • Low Water/Wet Well • Flooded Dry Well (if applicable) • Loss of Phase (if applicable) • System Test/Reset Signal (daily/weekly) The Town will provide a coding list for these alarm conditions and review each design on a case by case basis. Additional alarm signals may be required as directed by the Town.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 107 513.10 Emergency Generator To supplement the existing emergency storage onsite, a diesel fuel emergency generator shall be provided with an automatic transfer switch to provide a continuous source of power to the sewer pump station. See the generator specifications below. The contractor shall provide and/or install the required modifications and improvements listed on this page as required by the town prior to the municipality accepting ownership and operation of the pump station. The contractor shall provide a complete submittal package on all new elements of the pump station and generator. The submittal package and O&M manual shall include a complete electrical schematic. The emergency generator shall be a diesel fuel outdoor generator capable of supplying the proper power phase and voltage for emergency power to the sewer pump station. The generator shall be capable of operating the pump station control panel, pumps, and all equipment necessary to fully operate the pump station. The Generator must be able to run both pumps, with sequential pump start-up. The generator weatherproof enclosure shall include the following components: structural steel base with linear vibration insulators, unit mounted radiator, and unit mounted automatic start/stop control panel, 12 V DC. 513.11 Services of the Manufacturer After installation has been completed but before operation, the manufacturer's representative shall inspect, lubricate, operate, test, adjust the equipment and assure that the equipment is in proper working condition for the specified installation. The service representative shall then submit a written report to the design/project engineer stating the results of his inspection, operation, tests and any suggestions for proper operation and maintenance of the facilities. The service representative shall also certify that the equipment conforms to the requirements of the contract and is ready for permanent operation. He/she shall also certify that the installation meets the manufacturer’s warranty requirements. 513.12 Warranty The manufacturer shall supply a warranty agreeing to repair or replace components of packaged pumping stations that fail in materials or workmanship

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 108 for a period of three (3) years from the date of Substantial Completion. 513.13 Factory Test All pumping equipment shall be given an operational test at the factory to check for excessive vibration for leaks in all piping or seals and for correct operation of the automatic control system and all auxiliary equipment. The pump suction and discharge lines shall be coupled to a reservoir and the pumps shall recirculate water for at least one hour under simulated service conditions. The automatic control shall be adjusted to start and stop the pumps at approximately the levels required by the job conditions. 513.14 Field Start Up The manufacturer's representative shall be present during field acceptance testing. Upon completion of the installation, each station shall be given a running test during which the pumps shall demonstrate their ability to deliver rated capacity at specified heads and to operate satisfactorily under automatic control, without overheating or excessive vibration. Any corrections and adjustments necessary to enable the equipment to meet the specified requirements shall be made by the manufacturer's representative at the time of the tests, for the pumps and control equipment and other equipment as necessary and at no expense to the Town. 513.15 Operation and Maintenance Manual A convenient maintenance and operating instruction chart and daily maintenance and inspection record chart with ample room for recording daily inspections of the pump station, shall be securely mounted on the interior wall of the main pump chambers. In addition to the maintenance and operating chart, the manufacturer shall further provide five copies of a complete and detailed operating and maintenance manual. This manual shall cover, in addition to general operating procedures, the operation, maintenance and servicing procedures of the major individual components provided with the pump station. These manuals shall be shipped with the pump station. All instructions and parts lists shall be prepared for the specific equipment furnished and shall not refer to similar equipment.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 109 514 Potable Water Specifications 514.1 General It is not intended by the Town of Essex that this “Section” be a complete set of specifications. It is to be used as a basic standard for any person planning to work on the Town water distribution system. All materials listed shall be acceptable to the Town Public Works Department and any materials not listed will require acceptance by the Town Public Works Department before installation. Failure to receive acceptance of materials prior to their incorporation into the system shall leave the person having the work done liable to replace those substandard materials with acceptable materials at his/her cost. The applicant(s) proposing extensions or alterations to the existing water system shall be responsible for complying with all applicable rules, regulations, and ordinances (local, state and federal). Applicants shall submit all necessary documentation, including but not limited to, plans, details and drawings, specifications, and permits and shall have obtained all acceptances and paid all applicable fees. Water mains and their related appurtenances shall be eligible for acceptance as part of the Town water system when the following criteria have been complied with: · The installation and materials have been accepted by the Public Works Director and the Utilities Director. · The installation has passed the necessary hydrostatic pressure and leakage tests in accordance with the latest revisions of AWWA C-600. · The installation has been disinfected in accordance with the latest revision of AWWA C-651 and has been certified by the Vermont Department of Health or other Town-accepted testing facility to be free of bacteriological contamination. · The installation must be within an existing Town highway Right-of-Way or within a proposed highway Right-of-Way that is deeded to the town. · The Public Works Department has been furnished two (2) sets of Record Drawings. All Record Drawings shall be 24” x 36” in size and drawn to a 1” = 50” or less scale. All Record Drawings shall be provided to the Town on disk in AutoCAD format. · After a minimum of three (3) years from the date that the new installation was

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 110 placed in service, it may be deeded to the Town of Essex and become a part of its distribution system and by such acceptance the Town of Essex shall be responsible for the maintenance of it. However, it should be clearly understood that prior to acceptance into the distribution system, full responsibility for the maintenance and repair of the new main and its related appurtenances shall rest with the Owner. 514.2 Materials 514.2.1 Pipe All water mains shall be a minimum of 8” diameter. The minimum acceptable types of pipe which may be used for watermains under normal conditions of installation, depth and subsurface materials are Ductile Iron, Class 52, double cement lined meeting current ANSI Specification A21.51 ,PVC pressure pipe with maximum dimension ratio (DR) of 18 meeting AWWA C900 and C905 or High Density Polyethylene Pipe meeting the specifications in this section. Ductile Iron pipe shall be required under all paved surfaces and further the Town may require the use of ductile iron on a case by case basis depending upon subsurface condition, depth of burial, location, purpose of water line, etc. Where Ductile Iron Pipe is used, there shall be a minimum of two (2) bronze wedges installed in the bell of each joint. Unless the plans require a particular type of pipe material, the developer/contractor shall have the option of utilizing, with Town approval, any of the water main materials, providing the pipe utilized meets or exceeds the strength and other requirements shown on the contract drawings. When a pipe material is specifically noted on the contract drawings, such as 18 inch ductile iron class 52, the developer/contractor shall not have the option of utilizing any other pipe material. C-900 Polyvinylchloride Pipe Pipe shall conform to AWWA Specification C900, Class 150 with SDR ratio of 18. Any portion of a water system subject to normal and routine operating pressures above 100 psi shall be required to use Class 200 PVC pipe. All pipe joints shall be the push on type with rubber rings except for joints at fittings and valves which shall be mechanical joints unless otherwise noted on the plans. All pipe and fittings shall be clearly marked as follows: Manufacturers name and trademark

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 111 Nominal pipe size Material description and class PVC pipe shall not be installed when the temperature drops below 32 degrees Fahrenheit of goes above 100 degrees Fahrenheit without Town approval. During cold weather, the flexibility and impact resistance of PVC pipe is reduced. Extra care is required when handling PVC pipe during cold weather. PVC pipe shall not be exposed to prolonged periods of sunlight, as pipe discoloration and reduction in pipe impact strength will occur. Canvas or other opaque material shall be used to cover PVC pipe stored onsite. Ductile Iron Pipe Pipe shall conform to current AWWA/ANSI – C151/A21.51 Standards. Push-on joint pipe shall be thickness Class 52. Push-on joint accessories shall conform to applicable requirements of AWWA/ANSI – C111/A21.11. Pipe shall be cement mortar lined on the inside in accordance with AWWA/ANSI – C104/A21.4 Standard except that the cement lining thickness shall not be less than 3/16“. A plus tolerance of 1/8” will be permitted. Pipe shall be given an exterior bituminous coating of coal tar or asphalt base in accordance with Specification ANSI A21.51. All ductile iron pipe shall be polyethylene encased in accordance with ANSI A21.5. High Density Polyethylene Pipe Material Standards for HDD Installation Material Type Pressure Polyethylene (PE) ASTM 2513 ASTM D 2447 High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) ASTM D 2447 ASTM D 3350 ASTM F714 ASTM 2513 Polyvinyl-Chloride (PVC) N/A Steel AWWA C200 API 2B(1)

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 112 (1) Dimensional tolerances only 514.2.2 Fittings Ductile iron fittings shall conform to ANSI / AWWA C153 / A21.53, Class 350 working pressure. Bolts and nuts shall conform to AWWA/ANSI – C111/A21.11 and shall be Type 18-8 stainless steel. Anchor tees shall be a standard mechanical joint tee except that the branch is plain end with an integral retaining ring and split gland. Tee will be Class 350 ductile iron, cement lined, conforming to AWWA Standards C110 (latest version), C111 (latest version), and C104 (latest version). Pipeline couplings shall conform to AWWA Standards C110 (latest version) and ANSI A21.10 (latest version) and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation and at locations directed by the Project Engineer. All nuts and bolts used with pipeline couplings shall be Type 18-8 stainless steel. 514.2.3 Valves Gate valves shall be manufactured to meet all requirements of AWWA C515 (latest version). Valves shall have non-rising stems, open counterclockwise, and shall be provided with a 2” square operating nut with arrow cast in metal to indicate direction of opening. Each valve shall have maker’s name, pressure rating and year in which manufactured cast on the body. Prior to shipment from the factory, each valve shall be tested by hydrostatic pressure equal to twice the specified working pressure. Valve boxes shall be cast-iron three (3) piece slide type; 5 ¼” shaft; 6’ trench depth. Cast-iron cover shall be marked “WATER” and shall indicate direction of opening Air release valves shall have stainless steel or bronze trim. A brass gate valve shall be provided in the connecting piping ahead of the valve. Valves shall be manufactured by APCO or accepted equal. Orifice shall be 3/16” and valve,

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 113 isolating valve, and connection piping shall be 1” unless otherwise specified. 514.2.4 Fire Hydrants As noted in detail 400.02 of these Specifications, Fire hydrants shall be Kennedy Guardian K-81D, with the following specifications: Main Valve Opening: 5-¼” or equal Nozzle Arrangement: Two 2-½” hose nozzles with National Standard thread. One 5” Stortz connection Inlet Connection: 6” mechanical joint Operating Nut: Standard 1 1/2” Pentagon Color: Enameled hydrant red Depth of Bury: Hydrant shall be installed to the manufacturer’s instructions with nozzles about 18” above finish grade Drain Plugs: Shall be plugged Hydrant assemblies shall consist of an anchor tee off the main, a 6” mechanical joint valve conforming to these specifications and the appropriate length of 6” ductile iron cement lined Class 52 pipe, anchor coupling, and hydrant. The use of restrained mechanical joint fittings and rods or concrete thrust blocks are both acceptable methods of restraint for hydrants. 514.3 Connections to Existing Infrastructure Connections to existing A.C. mains shall be in conformance with Detail 400.07 of these Specifications. As noted on Detail 400.06 of the Specifications, tapping valves shall conform to AWWA C-509 Standard for Gate Valves, 3” through 48” for water and other liquids, except as modified herein. Valve body and bonnet shall be fusion banded epoxy coated per AWWA C-550. Valves shall open counterclockwise and shall have a minimum working pressure of 150 psi. End connections shall be mechanical joint by tapping for bolting of the valve to the branch outlet.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 114 Tapping sleeves shall be of the split sleeve design constructed with two solid half-sleeves bolted together. Sleeves for Ductile Iron connections shall be constructed of either cast iron or stainless steel and shall have a working pressure of 150 psi. with mechanical joint ends and side gasket seals. Sleeves for PVC connections may be constructed of stainless steel. All exterior nuts and bolts used with the tapping sleeve and valve shall be Type 18-8 stainless steel. Buried tapping valves shall be provided with a 2” square wrench nut and shall be installed with a valve box as required in these specifications for buried valves. 514.4 Pipe Bedding Laying pipe and fittings shall be in accordance with the requirements of AWWA Standard Specifications for Installation of Gray and Ductile Cast-Iron Water Mains and Appurtenances, C600 and as provided herein. Pipe shall be laid according to lines and grade shown on the drawings but in no case shall deviate from a straight line by more than the deflection recommended by the manufacturer for specific diameters and joint types. See Detail 400.01 of these Specifications for additional notes and requirements. 514.5 Service Connections As shown on Detail 400.05 of these Specifications, taps on ductile iron watermains shall be direct tapped. Taps on other mains shall require a bronze saddle and straps or a ductile iron nylon coated saddle with stainless steel single strap. All service brass shall be in accordance with AWWA Specification C-800. All plumbing pipes, fixtures and fittings used to convey or dispense water for human consumption shall comply with the State of Vermont Act 193 requirements for maximum lead content. Service lines ¾” to 1 1/2” shall be Type K copper tubing. All services greater than 1 1/2” may use PVC, HDPE or CTS. Curb stops shall be manufactured by Mueller or approved equal. Without exception, curb boxes and stops shall not be constructed beneath drives or sidewalks.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 115 Curb boxes shall be Erie type with stainless steel pins and a stainless steel operating rod connected to the curb stop and the box consisting of an arch pattern base and an adjustable upper section. Curb boxes shall be Mueller H-10350 or accepted equal. All curb stops shall be installed within the Town Right-of-Way. 514.6 Thrust Blocks and Anchors For pressure piping, concrete thrust blocks shall be installed at all fittings and bends. Joints must be protected by polyethylene prior to placing concrete. Concrete shall be placed against undisturbed material and shall not cover joints, bolts, or nuts, or interfere with the removal of any joint. Excess concrete shall not be discarded in the trench. 515 Methods of Installation 515.1 Excavation Excavations shall be made to a point at least six inches (6") below the pipe invert to accommodate the bedding material. All excavations are to be kept dry while pipe is being laid. Wherever boulders or ledge rock are encountered in excavations for pipelines or structures, such boulders or ledge rock shall be removed to a depth of six inches below grade and space occupied by them shall be refilled to grade with the specified bedding material. Trenches shall be opened at such times and to such extent only as may be permitted by the design/project engineer. All driveways, crosswalks, sod, shrubs , trees and any other shrubs, trees and any other surface material affected by the work shall be carefully taken up and kept separate from other excavated material. If suitable, excavated material shall be used for embankments, backfill and fill. Side slopes of excavations shall be as required by VOSHA. Wherever material at or below the grade line of the pipe or structure plus depth of bedding material is unsuitable for foundations, it shall either be excavated to such additional depths as directed by the design/project engineer and then refilled with well compacted crushed stone or the design/project engineer may direct that a filter fabric be utilized. It shall be installed and the excavation then brought to grade line of pipe with well-compacted bedding.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 116 515.2 Watermain Pipe Installation Pipes, fittings and accessories shall be carefully handled to avoid damage. Prior to the acceptance of the water line and within the guarantee period, any defective pipe or accessory found to be defective shall be replaced at no expense to the Town. All pipes showing visible cracks shall be rejected and replaced with new pipe. Any pipe which is not laid to proper depth and alignment shall be re-laid to the satisfaction of the Town Engineer. The bedding heights as required for the type of pipe and for the full width of the excavated trench and as shown on the accepted plans. All piping shall be laid in the dry. The site shall be dewatered prior to and during pipe installation. All pipes and fittings shall be cleared of all foreign matter and debris prior to installation and shall be kept clean until the time of acceptance by the Town. At all times, when the pipe laying is not actually in progress, the open ends of the pipe shall be closed by temporary watertight plugs or by other approved means. If water is in the trench when work is resumed, the plug shall not be removed until all danger of water entering the pipe has passed. The pipe shall be installed in trenches and at the line and grade shown on the Contract Drawings. Any deflection joints shall be within the limits specified by the manufacturer. All piping and appurtenances connected to the equipment shall be supported so that no strain will be imposed on the equipment. Concrete thrust blocks as shown on Detail 400.03 in Appendix A of these specifications shall be installed on all plugs, tees and bends deflecting 11 ¼ degrees or more. Care shall be taken to ensure that concrete will not come in contact with flanges, joints or bolts. The required area of thrust blocks are indicated on the plans or shall be as approved by the Project Engineer. Conductivity bonds or wedges shall be installed at every pipe joint. All trenching safety standards shall be in conformance with all applicable State and Federal guidelines. After the various pipelines have been installed, the trenches and other areas to be filled shall be backfilled to subgrade with, wherever possible, material excavated from the trench. No backfilling will be allowed until any concrete masonry has set sufficiently, as determined by the Project Engineer. All material for backfilling shall be free of roots, stumps and frost. Materials used for backfilling trenches shall be free of stones weighing over 30 pounds.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 117 No stones measuring over three inches in the longest dimension shall be placed within one foot (1’) of the pipeline being backfilled. Backfill for all pipe lines shall be either native material or select backfill placed in six inch (6") lifts with each lift being compacted to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry density as determined by the AASHTO-99, Method A, Standard Proctor. Particular precautions shall be taken in the placement and compaction of the backfill material in order not to damage the pipe or structure. The backfill shall be brought up evenly. Surplus excavated materials not used for backfill shall be disposed of in a manner satisfactory to the design/project engineer. All surplus material shall be removed promptly and disposed of so as not to be objectionable to abutters or to the general public. A continuous sheathed solid conductor copper tracer wire shall be installed over all water pipes. See Details 400.01 and 400.02 in Appendix A of these specifications. 515.2.1 HDD – Horizontal Directional Drilling Accomplish alignment of the bore by proper orientation of the drill bit head as it is being pushed into the ground by a hydraulic jack. Determine orientation and tracking of the drill bit by an above ground radio detection device which picks up a radio signal generated from a transmitter located within the drill bit head. Then electronically translate the radio signal into depth and alignment. In order to minimize friction and prevent collapse of the bore hole, introduce a soil stabilizing agent (drilling fluid) into the annular bore space from the trailing end of the drill bit. The rotation of the bit in the soil wetted by the drilling fluid creates a slurry. The slurry acts to stabilize the surrounding soil and prevent collapse of the bore hole as well as provides lubrication. Select or design drilling fluids for the site specific soil and ground water conditions. Confine free flowing (escaping) slurry or drilling fluids at the ground surface during pull back or drilling. Accomplish this by creating sump areas or vacuum operations to prevent damage or hazardous conditions in surrounding areas. Remove all residual slurry from the surface and restore the site to preconstruction conditions. Use either a continuous green sheathed solid conductor copper wire line (minimum #12 AWG for external placement or minimum #14 AWG for internal placement in the conduit/casing). Tracking conductors must extend 2 feet beyond bore termini.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 118 Drilling Fluids shall not include any chemicals or polymer surfactants which are environmentally un-safe and/or harmful or corrosive to the facility. Identify the source of water for mixing the drilling fluid. Approvals and permits are required for obtaining water from such sources as streams, rivers, ponds or fire hydrants. Any water source used other than potable water may require a pH test. Equipment Requirements: Ensure that appropriate equipment is provided to facilitate the installation as follows: Match equipment to the size of pipe being installed. Ensure that the drill rod can meet the bend radius required for the proposed installation. Drilling Operations: The contractor shall adequately remove all soil cuttings and stabilize the bore hole by monitoring the drilling fluids such as the pumping rate, pressures, viscosity and density during the pilot bore, back reaming and pipe installation. Contain excess drilling fluids at entry and exit points until they are recycled or removed from the site or vacuumed during drilling operations. Ensure that all drilling fluids are disposed of or recycled in a manner acceptable to the appropriate local, state, or federal regulatory agencies. Remove any excess material upon completion of the bore. Documentation Requirements. Boring Path Report: Furnish a Bore Path Report to the Engineer within seven days of the completion of each bore path. Include the following in the report: (a) Location of project and financial project number including the Permit Number when assigned (b) Name of person collecting data, including title, position and company name. Record Drawings: Provide the Engineer a complete set of Record Drawings showing all bores (successful and failed) within 30 calendar days of completing the work. Ensure that the plans are dimensionally correct copies of the Contract plans and include roadway plan and profile, cross-section, boring location and subsurface conditions as directed by the Engineer. The plans

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 119 must show appropriate elevations and be referenced to the project bench mark. 515.3 Water Service Connection No house service connection shall be made until the water main has been installed, disinfected, tested and turned over to the town for potable water use. All water service initiation fees must also be paid prior to any house service connection being made. A house service connection shall be considered when there is complete and serviceable link between the house plumbing and the water main. The contractor shall be responsible for making all necessary taps onto the watermains, installing an approved corporation stop for each service, installing the service pipe to the curbstop and from the curbstop to the building plumbing, installing the curbstop and valve box and for obtaining a spacer bar (on loan from the town). As noted on Detail 400.10 of these Specifications, there shall be a ball valve installed on both the inlet section leading to and the outlet section leading from the house water meter as well as a check valve (backflow preventer) downstream of the meter. Upon installation of a meter by the Town, the spacer bar shall be returned to the Town or the contractor shall be billed for the replacement of the spacer bar. 515.4 Backfill Backfill shall consist of approved material placed in twelve inch (12") layers with each layer being thoroughly compacted to not less than 95 percent of the maximum dry density as determined by the AASHTO-T-99 Standard Proctor by means approved by the design/project engineer. No stones in excess of one inch (1") diameter shall be placed within two feet (2') of the outside of the pipe. Particular precautions shall be taken in placement and compaction of the backfill material in order not to damage and/or break the pipe. The backfill shall be brought up evenly on both sides of the pipe for its full length. Walking or working on the completed pipeline, except as may be necessary in tamping or backfilling, shall not be permitted until the trench has been backfilled to a height of at least two feet (2') on the top of the pipes. During construction, all openings to the pipelines shall be protected from the entering of earth or other materials.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 120 515.5 Water and Sewer Separation As shown on Detail 400.04 of these Specifications, whenever sewers cross under water mains, the water main shall be laid at such an elevation that the bottom of the water main is at least 18 inches above the top of the sewer. This vertical separation shall be maintained for that portion of the water main located within ten feet (10’) horizontally of any sewer it crosses. When it is impossible to obtain horizontal and vertical separation, both the water main and sewer shall be constructed with watertight joints and shall be pressure tested to assure water tightness before backfilling. No water main shall pass through or come in contact with any part of a sewer manhole. There shall be no physical connection between the distribution system and any pipes, pumps, hydrants, or tanks which are supplied or may be supplied with water that is, or may be, contaminated. In instances where the use of different types of pipes require joining, the developer/contractor shall furnish and install all necessary adapters. 515.6 Frost Protection In no case shall there be less than six feet (6’) of cover over new waterlines installed in the Town of Essex. Waterlines with less than six feet (6’) of cover over the crown must be approved by the Town Public Works Director. As shown on Detail 400.09 of these Specifications, protection against freezing shall be provided by installation of two inch (2”) thick Styrofoam SM insulating sheets with a width of 3 feet or twice the pipe diameter, whichever is greater. In no case shall there be less than five feet (5’) of cover. The sheets shall be placed six inches (6”) above the crown of the main after compaction of the 6 inch (6”) lift immediately above the crown. Care shall be exercised by the developer/contractor during backfill and compaction over the Styrofoam sheets to prevent damage to the sheets. 515.7 Use of Water by Contractors During the construction of the project, the contractor will often use the municipal water system for flushing of lines, cleaning services, washing trees, germinating grass, etc. No water shall be taken from hydrants nor other parts of the system without the prior approval of the Town Engineer. The contractor shall schedule with the Town to provide a licensed water operator to help pressurize, fill and flush new watermains. Only Town water

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 121 operators will be allowed to operate infrastructure owned by the Town. When water is needed on site, the contractor shall coordinate with the Town and pay for water used by way of a hydrant meter. 516 Final Certification 516.1 Pressure Test The pipeline, including hydrant laterals, shall be tested in accordance with AWWA Standard C600-93 (latest version) at the Contractor’s expense. Minimum test pressure shall be 200 psi, and will be monitored at the highest elevation in the lengths of pipeline being tested. The AWWA Standard for maximum allowable leakage is as follows: =√, where: L = Leakage Allowed, gph. S = Section of Pipe Length, ft. D = Diameter Pipe, inches. P = Average test pressure, psi. 516.2 Flushing and Disinfection Disinfection and testing of the pipeline shall be directed by the Design/Project Engineer at the Contractor’s expense and in the presence of the Town. AWWA Standard C651 (latest version) shall be used as a basis for the disinfection process outlined as follows: 1. Complete flushing of the pipeline to wash out all dirt, debris, etc. which may have accumulated in the pipeline during construction. 2. Following flushing, the Contractor will add chlorine to the entire pipeline volume of water and let the mixture set for at least 24 hours. The initial chlorine concentration shall be 25 mg/l or greater. 3. After the 24-hour duration, the water in the pipeline shall be tested for residual free chlorine and must contain a minimum of 50 mg/l chlorine. If less than 50 mg/l is found, then the disinfection procedure shall be repeated until at least 50 mg/l chlorine residual is indicated by test.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 122 4. Upon successful completion of step 3 above, the pipeline shall be flushed again until the chlorine concentration in the pipeline is no higher than that prevailing in the supply system. 5. Chlorinated water flushed from the pipeline shall be dechlorinated prior to being discharged to any surface water. 516.3 Bacteriological Test 1. After this final flushing and before the pipeline is placed in service, two (2) consecutive sets of bacteriological samples shall be collected by the Design/Project Engineer in the presence of the Public Works Department. The two (2) samples shall be taken 24 hours apart from each other and delivered by the Design/Project Engineer to the Vermont Health Department, or other Town-accepted testing facility for analysis. At least one set of samples shall be collected from every 1,200 feet of new water main, plus one set from the end of the new water main and at least one set from each branch. All costs associated with sampling and testing shall be paid for by the Owner. 2. If the initial disinfection fails to produce samples which pass the Vermont Water Supply Division requirements for potable drinking water, then the process shall be repeated at the Contractor’s expense until satisfactory results are obtained. 3. Upon satisfactory test results by the Vermont Health Department and with the Public Works Department acceptance, the pipeline may be placed in service. 516.4 HDD Pressure Testing When there is any indication that the installed product has sustained damage and may leak, stop all work, notify the Engineer and investigate damage. The Engineer may require a pressure test and reserves the right to be present during the test. Perform pressure test within 24 hours unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. Furnish a copy of test results to the Engineer for review and approval. The Engineer is allowed up to 72 hours to approve or determine if the product installation is not in compliance with the specifications. The Engineer may require non-compliant installations to be filled with excavatable flowable fill.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 123 516.4.1 Testing Methods Testing may consist of one of the following methods and must always meet or exceed the Department’s testing requirements: (a) Follow the product manufacturer’s pressure testing recommendations. (b) Ensure that product carrier pipes installed without a casing meet the pressure requirements set by this document and AWWA. If the owner does not require pressure testing, the Project Engineer may require at least one test. 516.4.2 Failed Bore Path If conditions warrant removal of any materials installed in a failed bore path, as determined by the Engineer, it will be at no cost to the Town. Promptly fill all voids by injecting all taken out of service products that have any annular space with excavatable flowable fill. Should a failed bore path occur, the contractor shall remove any materials installed at no cost to the Town. The contractor shall fill all voids by injecting all abandoned products with excavatable flowable fill. 516.5 Meter Installation All water meters for new water service connections will be supplied to the contractor by the Town of Essex. The water meter will remain the property of the Town of Essex. All meters greater than one inch (1”) shall be installed by the contractor. The Town of Essex will install meters one inch (1”) and smaller. 517 Landscaping 517.1 General The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with a copy of the Nursery Dealer License and a copy of the Certificate of Nursery Inspection of each supplying nursery. For best results the initial planting should be accomplished between April 1 and June 1, or between August 15 and November 1, unless otherwise shown on the Plans or directed by the Engineer.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 124 No planting shall be done in frozen ground, when snow covers the ground, or when the soil or weather is unsatisfactory for planting. 517.2 Materials 517.2.1 Trees, Shrubs, and Ground Cover All plant materials shall be nursery grown stock that have been transplanted or root-trimmed two or more times, according to the kind and size of plants. They shall have average or normal, well developed branches, together with vigorous root systems. Plant materials shall be free of insects, disease, sun scald, injuries, abrasions of the bark, knots, dead or dry wood, broken terminal growth, or other objectionable disfigurements. Thin, weak plants shall not be acceptable. All plant materials furnished by the Contractor shall be grown within hardiness Zones 1 through 4, and the plant suppliers shall certify that the stock has been grown under Zone 4 or hardier conditions. The thickness of each shrub shall correspond to the trade classification “No. 1.” Single stemmed or thin plants will not be accepted. The side branches shall be generous, well-twigged, and the plant, as a whole, well-branched to the ground. The plants shall be in a moist vigorous condition, free from dead wood, bruises, or other root or branch injuries. Plants shall not be pruned prior to delivery. Vines and ground cover plants shall be of the size, age, and condition listed in the quantity sheet. Plants shall be healthy, free of insects and diseases. Ground cover plants shall be potted or in soil. Container grown stock shall have been grown in a container long enough for the root system to have developed sufficiently to hold its soil together, firm and whole. No plants shall be loose in the container. No plants shall be root bound in the container. Such plants shall be rejected at delivery by the Contractor. 517.2.2 Seed Seed shall be furnished in new, clean, sealed, and properly labeled containers, either separately or mixed, as appropriate, and shall conform to the seed

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 125 formula shown on the Plans. Seed that has become wet, moldy, or otherwise damaged shall not be accepted. Labels shall conform to all State and Federal regulations and shall be clearly marked with the following: 1. Seed name 2. Lot number 3. Percentage of germination 4. Percentage of purity 5. Percentage of weed seed content 517.2.3 Topsoil Topsoil shall be of a quality which will support healthy, vigorous plant growth. It shall be a natural, workable loam, free of refuse, roots, stones, brush, weeds, or other material that would be detrimental to the proper development of plant growth. Topsoil shall be obtained from an area that has demonstrated, by a healthy growth of grass, cultivated crops, or wild vegetation, it is of good quality and reasonably free draining. The topsoil and its source shall be inspected and approved by the Engineer before its use. 517.2.4 Mulch Straw. Straw mulch shall be dry, free from rot or mold and come from wheat or oats and be free from weeds, twigs and debris. Hay Mulch. Hay mulch shall consist of mowed and properly cured grass or legume mowings, reasonably free from swamp grass, weeds, twigs, debris, or other deleterious material. It shall be free from rot or mold and shall be acceptable to the Engineer. Wood Chip Mulch. Wood chip mulch shall consist of well composted hardwood chips, 1/8 to 1/4 inch nominal thickness, with 50 percent having an area of not less than 1 square inch or more than 6 square inches. The wood chip mulch material used for landscape plantings shall be approved Cedar, Pine, Hemlock, or Spruce bark material reasonably free from insect pests, eggs, or larvae.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 126 517.2.5 Fertilizer Fertilizer shall be a standard commercial grade dry fertilizer and shall conform to the requirements of all State and Federal regulations and to the standards of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists and be applied only after performing a soil test and be applied based on soil deficiencies. Labels shall be clearly marked with the following: 1. Manufacturer’s name 2. Type 3. Mass (weight) 4. Guaranteed analysis 517.2.6 Limestone Agricultural limestone shall be a calcitic or dolomitic ground limestone containing not less than 85 percent of total (calcium or magnesium) carbonates. The limestone shall conform to the requirements of all State and Federal regulations and to the standards of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists and shall only be applied as needed based on a soil pH test. Labels shall be clearly marked with the following: 1. Manufacturer’s name 2. Type 3. Mass (weight) 4. Guaranteed analysis 517.2.7 Erosion Matting Matting for erosion control shall be a polypropylene extruded plastic net with a square or near square mesh of approximately 3/4 ´ 3/4 inch and shall be of a type of polypropylene that will gradually disintegrate in sunlight. The matting shall consist of a uniform web of interlocking hay mulch fibers within the matting net. 517.2.8 Establishment of Turf This work shall consist of the preparation of the area and the application of topsoil, grubbing material, sod, seed, fertilizer, limestone, and mulch. All materials shall meet the requirements of this document. Turf establishment

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 127 may be carried on from the time the ground becomes workable in the spring until October 15, unless otherwise directed by the Town. Regardless of the time of seeding or sodding, the Contractor shall be responsible for a full growth of grass. The Contractor shall establish turf on all cut and fill slopes as soon as practical, unless otherwise directed by the Town. Turf establishment shall be performed in accordance with the current version of the VAOT Standard Specifications for Construction, Section 651. 517.2.9 Site Preparation The ground surface shall be shaped to the lines and grades shown on the Plans. In areas to be topsoiled and/or sodded, allowance shall be made for the depth of topsoil. The surface shall be thoroughly raked, dragged, or otherwise mechanically smoothed. All stones, lumps, roots, or other objectionable materials shall be removed. When necessary, the soil shall be loosened to a depth of approximately 2 inches. Stone and rock fill slopes to be covered with grubbing material shall be shaped in reasonably close conformity with the grades and typical cross-sections shown on the Plans or directed by the Town. 517.2.10 Topsoiling Spreading shall not be done when ground or topsoil is frozen, excessively wet, or otherwise in a condition detrimental to the work. The topsoil shall be spread evenly to a depth after compaction of approximately 4 inches or as directed by the Town. All large stones and other unsuitable material shall be removed from the area. Topsoil stockpile areas shall be graded, seeded, and left in a neat and presentable condition. Areas shall be properly drained and all excess or unsuitable materials disposed of to the satisfaction of the Town. 517.2.11 Seeding, Fertilizer, and Mulch Limestone, fertilizer, and seed shall be spread uniformly by hydraulic or dry methods at the rates below: 1. Seed 100 pounds per acre 2. Limestone as needed based on a soil test 3. Dry fertilize as needed based on a soil test

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 128 After the seed, lime, and fertilizer have been applied, lawn areas shall be lightly raked to mix seed with the soil and rolled with a lightweight roller to the satisfaction of the Town. Mulching shall follow the seeding operation by not more than 24 hours. Hay mulch shall be spread uniformly over the area at a rate of approximately 2 tons per acre. The application of mulch shall be made in such a manner that lumps and thick spots are avoided. 517.2.12 Sodding The Contractor may substitute the use of Sod for site restoration. All work shall be performed in accordance with the current version of the VAOT Standard Specifications for Construction, Section 651. 517.2.13 Planting Trees, Shrubs, and Ground Cover This work shall consist of furnishing, transporting, planting, and transplanting trees, shrubs, vines, and ground cover plants. The Contractor shall exercise the utmost care in loading, unloading, and handling of trees and plants to prevent injuries to the branches or to the roots of the plants. Plant material locations and bed outlines shall conform to the lines and grades shown on the plans, and shall be laid out prior to excavating for plant pits beds and the area to be landscaped. 517.2.14 Planting Preparation The size of plant pits shall bear the following relation to the root spread (or diameter of balls) of the plants to be planted in them. The pit diameters shall be three times the root spread diameter. For further requirements, refer to Detail 600.01, found in Appendix A of this Document. All excavations for trees and shrubs shall be filled with water, and the water shall be allowed to percolate out prior to planting the tree or shrub. Pruning shall be accomplished before or immediately after planting in such a manner as to preserve the natural character of each plant. 517.2.15 Planting Installation Plants shall be set plumb and shall stand, after settlement of the backfill, at the same level in relation to the ground in which they are planted as they stood in the ground from which they were dug.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 129 Topsoil shall be carefully worked around and over the roots and be thoroughly and properly tamped. Backfill soil shall be filled in around the plant ball to 50 percent of the depth of the ball and then tamped. The remainder of the soil shall then be placed and tamped. Water basins, at least 4 inches in depth for trees shall be formed about individual plants with a diameter equal to that of the plant pit. Fertilizer shall be applied and cultivated into the top 2 inches of the plant pit area or shrub bed within five days after planting. All plant material shall be watered thoroughly at planting, and watered a minimum of twice weekly during the establishment period. Trees shall receive a minimum of 10 gallons at each watering, shrubs a minimum of 5 gallons and vines and plants a minimum of 3 gallons. All trees shall be guyed and staked in accordance with this document and shall have a minimum of three guys per tree. 517.2.16 Maintenance of Work The Contractor shall actively maintain all plantings and seeded areas immediately after planting. Plants shall be pruned and/or cultivated, as appropriate. All mulched areas shall be kept weeded, neat, and maintained to the original layout lines. Stakes and support posts for trees shall be restored or replaced as necessary. The Contractor shall properly maintain all planted trees, shrubs, vines, plants, ground cover, seeded and mulched areas until acceptance of work. The maintenance will include the following: watering, weeding, fertilizing, spraying with approved insecticides or fungicides, providing protection from rodents, and other work necessary to keep plants in living healthy condition. Any plants damaged, dried out, or otherwise in poor condition shall be replaced in kind with healthy stock at the Contractor’s expense. The Contractor shall repair and replace all areas where seed has failed to germinate or sod has failed to grow, and any areas damaged by pedestrian or vehicular traffic or other causes at no cost to the Town 517.2.17 Mailboxes Within the ROW There are generally three types of mailboxes that are accepted methods to receive mail at a residential unit. Each addresss specific needs and whichever option is selected must be approved by the local Post Master and the Town of Essex.

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Town of Essex, Vermont January, 2017 Standard Specifications For Construction Technical Specifications 130 · House Mounted Box / Mail Slot · Roadside Mailbox · Community Mailbox The Town of Essex will require additional requirements on all community mailboxes. Community mailboxes that willserve more than ten rresidential units and are located within the Town ROW, will be required to include a paved parking along the roadside to allow for the free flow of trafficwhile in use. This parking area must meet the requirements of the typical road cross-section herein. The United States Postal Service offers guidance that can provide dimensions and setbacks required for each of the above installation.

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B-1 HOLD HARMLESS AGREEMENT The Contractor shall and does hereby agree to indemnify, save harmless and defend the Owner from the payment of any sum or sums of money to any person whomsoever on account of claims or suits growing out of injuries to persons, including death, or damages to property caused by the Contractor, his employees, agents or subcontractors or in any way attributable to the performance and prosecution of the work herein contracted for, including (but without limiting the generality of the foregoing), all claims for service, labor performed, materials furnished, provisions and supplies, injuries to persons or damage to property, liens, garnishments, attachments, claims, suits, costs, attorneys’ fees, costs of investigation and of defense. It is the intention of this paragraph to hold the Contractor responsible for the payment of any and all claims, suits, or liens, of any nature and character in any way attributable to or asserted against the Owner, or the Owner and the Contractor, or which the Owner may be required to pay. In the event the liability of the Contractor shall arise by reason of the sole negligence of the Owner and/or the sole negligence of the Owner’s agents, servants or employees, then and only then, the Contractor shall not be liable under the provisions of this paragraph. ______________________________ Authorized Representative of Firm

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B-2 CERTIFICATION OF BIDDERS QUALIFICATIONS AND USE OF SUBCONTRACTED SERVICES This data must be included in and made part of the submitted bid documents. Failure to comply may be regarded as justification for rejecting the Bid. Additional pages may be added as necessary by the Bidder. The names and residences of all person and parties interested in their proposal as principals are as follows: (Note: Give the first and last names in full. If a corporation, give names of all officers and directors. If a partnership, give names of all partners). The undersigned agrees that all work to be performed by sub-contractors and the approximate amount to be paid the sub-contractors, is as listed below. All sub-contractors must be listed an all sub-contractors must be approved by the Owner. Description of Sub-Contract Name and Address of Sub-Contract Approximate Amount of Sub-Contract The Undersigned submits the following information to enable the Owner to judge his or her experience and ability to perform the proposed work. 1. Name(s) of resident supervisor(s) who will be assigned to this Project. State any of their special qualifications.

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2. How many years has your organization been in business under the name in which you propose to execute this Contract? ___________________________________ 3. What projects has your present organization completed of character similar to the proposed? (Give the information indicated by the following tabulation). Name/Address of Owner for Whom Work Was Done Work Done as Contractor or Sub-Contractor Description of Work Approx. Amount of Contract Approx. Date Work Completed 4. Has your present organization ever failed to complete any work awarded to it? If so, state when, where and why. CERTIFICATION IS SUBMITTED BY: _______________________________ _____________________________ Name of Contractor Date _______________________________ _____________________________ Authorized Signature Title Business Address: _______________________________ _______________________________ AGREEMENT

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THIS AGREEMENT, made this day of , 20 , by and between, ______________ __ _hereinafter called (OWNER) and doing business as (an individual) or (a partnership) or (a corporation) hereinafter called (CONTRACTOR). WITNESSETH: That for and in consideration of the payment and agreements hereinafter mentioned: 1. The CONTRACTOR will commence and complete the construction of 2. The CONTRACTOR will furnish all the material, supplies, tools, equipment, labor and other services necessary for the construction and completion of the PROJECT described herein. 3. The CONTRACTOR will commence the WORK required by the CONTRACT DOCUMENTS within ten (10) calendar days after the date of the NOTICE TO PROCEED and will complete the same within calendar days unless the period for completion is extended otherwise by the CONTRACT DOCUMENTS. The CONTRACTOR acknowledges that the date of beginning and the time for completion of the WORK are essential conditions of the CONTRACT DOCUMENTS and the CONTRACTOR further agrees to pay as liquidated damages, the sum of $ for each consecutive calendar day that the CONTRACTOR shall be in default after the time specified in the Agreement. B-4 4. The CONTRACTOR agrees to perform all the WORK described in the

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CONTRACT DOCUMENTS and comply with the terms therein for the sum of $ _________________ or as shown in the BID schedule. 5. The term CONTRACT DOCUMENT means and includes the following: a. Advertisement for Bids b. Invitation to Bidders c. Bid d. Bid bond ( waived; not waived) e. Agreement f. General conditions (if applicable) g. Payment bond ( waived; not waived) h. Performance bond ( waived; not waived) i. Notice of award j. Notice to proceed k. Change order l. Drawings prepared by numbered through and dated . m. Specifications prepared or issued by dated , 20 . n. Addenda: No. , dated , 20 No. , dated , 20 No. , dated , 20 No. , dated , 20 No. , dated , 20 No. , dated , 20 o. Certificate of Bidders Qualification and Use of Subcontracted Services p. Hold Harmless Agreement B-5 6. The OWNER will pay to the CONTRACTOR in the manner and at such times as

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agreed at the Pre-Construction Meeting, such amounts as required by CONTRACT DOCUMENTS. Retention from progress payments may be made by the OWNER for work not satisfactorily completed. 7. This AGREEMENT shall be binding upon all parties hereto and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed, or caused to be executed by their duly authorized officials, this AGREEMENT in ( ) each of which shall be deemed an original on the date first above written. OWNER: _______________________ By: Name: Title: (SEAL) (If Applicable) ATTEST: Name: (Please type) Title: CONTRACTOR: By: Name: (Please type) Address: (SEAL) (If Applicable) ATTEST: Name: (Please type) Title: B-6

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B-7 BID BOND KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that we, the undersigned, (Name of Contractor) (Name of Surety) are hereby held and firmly bound unto ____________________as OWNER, in the penal sum of Dollars, $ ( ) in lawful money of the United States, for the payment of which sum well and truly to be made, we bind ourselves, successors, and assigns, jointly and severally, firmed by these presents. Signed, this day of , 20 . The condition of this obligation is such that whereas, the Principal entered into a certain contract with________________, a certain BID, attached hereto and hereby made part hereof to enter into contract in writing for: KNOW, THEREFORE, (a) If said BID shall be rejected, or (b) If said BID shall be accepted and the Principal shall execute and deliver a contract in the Form of Contract attached hereto (properly completed in accordance with said BID) and shall furnish a BOND for his faithful performance of said contract, and for the payment of all persons performing labor or furnishing materials in connection therewith, and shall in all other respects perform the agreement created by the acceptance of said BID, then this obligation shall be void, otherwise the same shall remain in force and effect, it being expressly understood and agreed that the liability of the Surety for any and all claims hereunder shall, in no event, exceed the penal amount of this obligation as herein stated. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this instrument is executed in counterparts, each one of which shall be deemed an original, this day of , 20 . ______________ ______________ (Principal) (Surety) By: IMPORTANT: Surety companies executing BONDS must appear on the Treasury Department’s most current list (Circular 570) as amended and be authorized to transact business in the State where the PROJECT is located.

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B-8 PAYMENT BOND KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS THAT: (Name of Contractor) (Address of Contractor) a , hereinafter called Principal, (Corporation, Partnership or Individual) and (Name of Surety) hereinafter called Surety, are held firmly bound unto (Name of Owner) (Address of Owner) hereinafter called OWNER, in the penal sum of Dollars, $ ( ) in lawful money of the United States, for the payment of which sum well and truly to be made, we bind ourselves, successors, and assigns, jointly and severally, firmed by these presents. THE CONDITION OF THIS OBLIGATION is such that whereas, the Principal entered into a certain contract with the OWNER, dated the day of , 20 _ , a copy of which is hereto attached and made a part hereof for the construction of: NOW, THEREFORE, if the Principal shall promptly make payment to all persons, firms, SUBCONTRACTORS, and corporations furnishing materials for or performing labor in the prosecution of the WORK provided for in such contract, and any authorized extension or modification thereof, including all amounts due for materials, lubricants, oil, gasoline, coal and coke, repairs on machinery, equipment and tools, consumed or used in connection with the construction of such WORK and all insurance premiums on said WORK, and for all labor performed in such WORK whether by SUBCONTRACTOR or otherwise, then this obligation shall be void; otherwise to remain in force and effect.

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B-9 PROVIDED, FURTHER, that the said Surety for value received hereby stipulates and agrees that no change, extension of time, alteration or addition to the terns of the contract or to the WORK to be performed thereunder or the SPECIFICATIONS accompanying the same shall in any way affect its obligation on this BOND, and it does hereby waive notice of any such change, extension of time, alteration or addition to the terms of the contract or to the WORK or to the SPECIFICATIONS. PROVIDED, FURTHER, that no final settlement between the OWNER and the CONTRACTOR shall abridge the right of any beneficiary hereunder, whose claim may be unsatisfied. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this instrument is executed in counterparts, each one of which shall be deemed an original, this the day of , 20 . ATTEST: _ _____________________ Principal (Principal Secretary) By: (s) (Seal) Address: _ __ _________________ ___ ____________________ Witness as to Principal Address Surety ATTEST: By: Attorney-in-Fact Address: Witness as to Surety Address NOTE: Date of BOND must not be prior to date of Contract. If CONTRACTOR is Partnership, all partners should execute BOND. IMPORTANT: Surety companies executing BONDS must appear on the Treasury Department’s most current list (Circular 570) as amended and be authorized to transact business in the State where the PROJECT is located.

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B-10 PERFORMANCE BOND KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS THAT: (Name of Contractor) (Address of Contractor) a , hereinafter called Principal, (Corporation, Partnership or Individual) and (Name of Surety) hereinafter called Surety, are held firmly bound unto (Name of Owner) (Address of Owner) hereinafter called OWNER, in the penal sum of Dollars, $ ( ) in lawful money of the United States, for the payment of which sum well and truly to be made, we bind ourselves, successors, and assigns, jointly and severally, firmed by these presents. THE CONDITION OF THIS OBLIGATION is such that whereas, the Principal entered into a certain contract with the OWNER, dated the day of , 20 , a copy of which is hereto attached and made a part hereof for the construction of: NOW, THEREFORE, if the principal shall, well, truly and faithfully perform its duties, all the undertakings, covenants, terms, conditions and agreements of said contract during the original term thereof, and any extensions which may be granted by the OWNER, with or without notice to the Surety and during the one year guaranty period, and if he shall satisfy all claims and demands incurred under such contract, and shall fully indemnify and save harmless the OWNER from all costs and damages which it may suffer by reason of failure to do so, and shall reimburse and repay the OWNER all outlay and expense which the OWNER may incur in making

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B-11 good any default, then this obligation shall be void; otherwise to remain in full force and effect. PROVIDED, FURTHER, that the said Surety for value received hereby stipulates and agrees that no change, extension of time, alteration or addition to the terns of the contract or to the WORK to be performed thereunder or the SPECIFICATIONS accompanying the same shall in any way affect its obligation on this BOND, and it does hereby waive notice of any such change, extension of time, alteration or addition to the terms of the contract or to the WORK or to the SPECIFICATIONS. PROVIDED, FURTHER, that no final settlement between the OWNER and the CONTRACTOR shall abridge the right of any beneficiary hereunder, whose claim may be unsatisfied. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this instrument is executed in counterparts, each one of which shall be deemed an original, this day of , 20 . ATTEST: ______________________ Principal (Principal Secretary) By: ______________ (s) (Seal) Address: _______________ Witness as to Principal Address Surety ATTEST: By: Attorney-in-Fact Address: Witness as to Surety Address NOTE: Date of BOND must not be prior to date of Contract. If CONTRACTOR is Partnership, all partners should execute BOND. IMPORTANT: Surety companies executing BONDS must appear on the Treasury Department’s most current list (Circular 570) as amended and be authorized to transact business in the State where the PROJECT is located.

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B-12 NOTICE OF AWARD To: PROJECT Description: The OWNER has considered the BID submitted by you for the above described WORK in response to the Advertisement for Bids dated , 20 and Instructions to Bidders. You are hereby notified that your BID has been accepted for items in the amount of $ You are required by the Instructions to Bidders to execute the Agreement and furnish the required CONTRACTOR’S Performance BOND, Payment BOND and certificates of insurance within ten (10) calendar days from the date of this Notice to you. If you fail to execute said Agreement and to furnish said BONDS within ten (10) days from the date of this Notice, said OWNER will be entitled to consider all your rights arising out of the OWNER’S acceptance of your BID as abandoned and as a forfeiture of your BID BOND. The OWNER will be entitled to such other rights as may be granted by law. You are required to return an acknowledged copy of the NOTICE OF AWARD to the OWNER. Dated this day of , 20 . OWNER By: Title: Authorized Representative

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B-15 CHANGE ORDER No.______ Project No. Date: Contract No. Agreement Date: Contract Title: Original Price $ Owner (Grantee): Contractor: The following changes are hereby made to the CONTRACT DOCUMENTS: DESCRIPTION: Justification: PRICE: Current Contract Price per most recent C.O. *: $ This C.O. will (not change/increase/decrease) the Contract Price by: $ The new Contract Price including this C.O. is $ TIME: Current Contract Calendar Days as per most recent C.O.: ________DAYS This C.O. will (not change/increase/decrease) the project completion date by __ DAYS The new Contract Calendar Days including the C.O. is: __ DAYS The attached Contractor’s Revised Project Schedule reflects increases or decreases in Contract Time as authorized by this C.O. * C.O. means Change Order REQUESTED BY: (Contractor, Owner, Engineer, State, Federal Government) SIGNATURES/APPROVALS: Recommended By: (Engineer) Accepted By: (Contractor) Ordered By: (Owner)

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B-16 CERTIFICATE OF SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION Owner’s Project No. Engineer’s Project No. Project Contractor Contract Date Contract For Project or Specified Part Shall Include DEFINITION OF SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION The date of Substantial Completion of a Project or specified part of a Project is the date when the construction is sufficiently completed, in accordance with the Contract Documents, so that the Project or specified part of the Project can be utilized for the purpose for which it was intended. To: (Owner) And To: (Contractor) The WORK performed under this CONTRACT has been inspected by authorized representatives of the OWNER, CONTRACTOR, and ENGINEER, and the Project or Specified Part of the Project is hereby declared to be Substantially Completed as of the following date: Date of Substantial Completion: If a tentative list of items to be completed or corrected is appended hereto, the failure to include an item on it does not alter the responsibility of the CONTRACTOR to complete all the WORK in accordance with the CONTRACT DOCUMENTS and CONTRACT TIME. Recommended By: ENGINEER AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE DATE

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B-18 CERTIFICATE OF FINAL COMPLETION OF WORK CONTRACT NO. AGREEMENT DATE: CONTRACT DESCRIPTION: COMPLETION DATE PER AGREEMENT AND CHANGE ORDERS: FINAL CERTIFICATION OF CONTRACTOR I hereby certify that the WORK as identified in the Final Estimate of Payment for construction CONTRACT WORK dated , represents full compensation for the actual value of WORK completed. All WORK completed conforms to the terms of the AGREEMENT and authorized changes. CONTRACTOR DATE Signature Title FINAL CERTIFICATION OF ENGINEER I have reviewed the CONTRACTOR’S Final Payment Request dated , and hereby certify that to the best of my knowledge, the cost of the WORK identified on the Final Estimate represents full compensation for the actual value of WORK completed and that the WORK has been completed in accordance with the terms of the AGREEMENT and authorized changes. This certification is provided in accord with the terms of the GENERAL CONDITIONS. ENGINEER DATE Signature Title FINAL ACCEPTANCE OF OWNER I, as representative of the OWNER, accept the above Final Certifications and authorize Final Payment in the amount of $ , and direct the CONTRACTOR’S attention to the GENERAL CONDITIONS. The guaranty for all WORK completed subsequent to the date of SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION, expires one (1) year from the date of this Final Acceptance. OWNER Authorized Representative DATE

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B-19 TOWN OF ESSEX VERIFICATION OF UTILITIES (INFRASTRUCTURE) I, , acting as Project Engineer for (Name of Vermont Licensed P.E.) the firm of , on the referenced project within (Name of Engineering Firm) the Town of Essex, , do hereby verify (Name of Project) the following: 1. The project has been observed by myself or members of my firm and the completed construction meets the Town of Essex Public Works Specifications and the detailed plans and specifications developed for this project, with the following exceptions (if any, please note). 2. All tests required by the Town Public Works Specifications and the detailed plans and specifications developed for this project have been passed, with the following exceptions (if any, please note). 3. All Record Drawings have been completed under my direction and accurately depict the location of all utilities, property lines, monuments, sewer invert elevations, valves, curb stops, manholes, sewer service connections, easements and other features as required by the Town of Essex Public Works Specifications. Signature of Vermont Licensed. P.E. Place Seal above

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GENERAL CONTRACTOR'S OR SUBCONTRACTOR'S RELEASE AND WAIVER OF LIEN For and in consideration of the receipt of $ , in payment for labor and/or materials furnished, the undersigned does hereby waive, release and relinquish any and all claims, demands and rights of lien for all work, labor, materials, machinery or other goods, equipment or services done, performed or furnished for the construction located at the site hereinafter described, to wit: (Project Name and Owner) ________________________________________________________________ _____________ ______________, Vermont as of ________________________ (Date) The undersigned further warrants and represents that any and all valid labor and/or materials and equipment bills, now due and payable on the property herein above described in behalf of the undersigned, have been paid in full to date of this waiver, or will be paid from these funds. $__________________________________ $___________________________ Total Paid to Date This Contract Current Payment Due $_____________________________________ _____________________ Total Billed to Date This Contract Contractor/Sub-Contractor ______________________________________ By:__________________ Witness Signature ______________________________________ Title:_________________ Witness Printed Name B-20

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Highway Agreement This is an agreement between the Town of Essex (the Town) and _________, (the Developer), the owner of _________ (the Development), together known as the parties to this agreement. 1. The purpose of this highway agreement, which is required by Section 240 of the Town of Essex Standard Specifications for Construction, is to set forth in detail when and in accord with what plans and standards the Developer will construct or install the required improvements in the Development. This highway agreement also addresses the inspection of those required improvements and establishes how the Developer will guarantee that the promised improvements are in fact made. 2. The term of this agreement begins when it is signed by the Town Engineer and ends at the time the last promise is fulfilled by either of the parties. The Town Engineer’s signature will follow approval of the final plans for the Development by the Town of Essex Planning Commission. This agreement must be signed by the Town Engineer and recorded before a zoning permit for work on the Development will be approved. 3. The basis for this highway agreement is the approval of the final plans submitted in compliance with the Town of Essex Planning Commission approval. It is understood that the scope of this agreement is confined to the required improvements that are shown on the approved final plans (see Item 4, below) and listed on the Project Construction Estimate form found in Appendix C of these specifications. This highway agreement is not intended to address other conditions of approval. 4. The final plans of the Development, as approved by the Town of Essex Planning Commission on _______are hereby incorporated into this agreement by reference. It is understood that those approved final plans are binding on the Developer and the Town, and that this creates a vested right for the Developer. It is also understood that only the minor changes in plans permitted by the Town of Essex Planning Commission are permitted without renegotiation of this development agreement. 4A: In the case of a phased development, the final plans of the Phase/s I/I-n, approved by the Town of Essex Planning Commission are hereby incorporated into this agreement by reference. It is understood that those approved final plans are binding on the Developer and the Town, and that this creates a vested right for the Developer. It is further understood that the final plans for additional phases of the Development will be submitted to the Town of Essex Community Development Office prior to the issuance of a zoning permit for those phases. Finally, it is also understood that only the minor changes in plans permitted by the Town of Essex Planning Commission are permitted without renegotiation of this development agreement. 5. Construction or installation of the improvements shall be in accord with all applicable standards of the Town of Essex Public Works Specifications, including the state or national standards referenced in those documents.

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6. All public infrastructure improvements shown on the approved final must be made before a Certificate of Substantial Completion will be issued. 6A: In the case of a phased development the Development to be constructed in _____ phases, which are shown on ________________________. The Project Construction Estimate found in Appendix C of these specifications must also been organized by phase so that the list and the costs of the improvements to be made in each phase are clear. It is understood that all improvements shown on the approved final plan for each phase must be complete before a Certificate of Substantial Completion will be issued for that phase. 7. All work covered by this highway agreement is subject to inspection by the Town, as provided by the Town of Essex Standard Specifications for Construction. It is understood that the signature of the Developer on this agreement constitutes permission for representatives of the Town to enter onto the private property of Developer for the purpose of completing these inspections. The Developer further agrees to provide the Town with entry into locked areas and to arrange for safe inspections of potentially hazardous sites. The Developer will also, at his/her expense, provide the opportunity for the Town to discuss work on the required improvements with contractors, designers, and employees retained by the Developer. A final inspection schedule consistent with the Public Works Specifications will be set at the pre-construction meeting, the date, time, and place for which will be set by mutual agreement of the Town and the Developer. The Developer will provide reports of inspections of the types and at the intervals specified in Chapter 4 of these specifications to the Town Engineer. 8. Record drawings must be provided to the Town prior to acceptance of the infrastructure by the Town. 9. If the Developer fails to construct or install the improvements shown on the approved plans within the time frames established by this Highway Agreement, the Town may use the securities provided in accord with Section 132 of these specifications to complete the required improvements. If any funds remain in the escrow account after the Town has completed the required improvements, those funds will be returned to the Developer. Securities for phased developments will be provided by phase. Dated this ___ day of _______________, 20__, at Essex, Vermont. ________________________________ Town Engineer, Town of Essex Dated this ___ day of _______________, 20__, at Essex, Vermont. ________________________________ Duly-appointed Agent of Developer

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C-2 Water Main Pressure and Leakage Test Data Sheet Town of Essex Public Works 81 Main Street Essex Junction, Vermont 05452 Voice: (802) 878-1344 Fax: (802) 878-1355 E-mail: www.essex.org Project Name: Date: Street / Location Description: Contractor: Inspector: Test Firm: Leakage Calculation S = length of pipe tested D = nominal diameter pipe tested P = average test pressure during test L = allowable leakage/hr ( S ) X ( D ) X √ ( P ) L = -------------------------------- 148,000 *The 2 hour test pressure shall be maintained at 150% of the normal operating pressure for the surrounding infrastructure +/- 5 psi Allowable Leakage (Calculated) ______________________ Gallons / Hour Length of Tested Line ( S ) ____________________ Linear Feet Nominal Pipe Diameter ( D ) ____________________ In Normal Operating Pressure ____________________ psig Actual Test Pressure* ____________________ psig Actual Leakage (Measured) ______________________ Gallons / Hour Disinfection [ ] Pass [ ] Fail [ ] N / A Total Chlorine Sample 1 (Initial) ___________ PPM (Minimum 25 PPM) Total Chlorine Sample 2 (24 Hour) ___________ PPM (Minimum 10 PPM) Bacteriologic Sampling [ ] Pass [ ] Fail [ ] N / A Bacteriologic Sample 1 (Initial) [ ] Pass [ ] Fail [ ] N / A Bacteriologic Sample 2 (24 Hour) [ ] Pass [ ] Fail [ ] N / A Comments: ________________________________________ _________________________________________ Contractors Signature Inspectors Signature

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C-5 Gravity Sewer Pressure Test Data Sheet Town of Essex Public Works 81 Main Street Essex Junction, Vermont 05452 Voice: (802) 878-1344 Fax: (802) 878-1355 E-mail: www.essex.org Project Name: Date: Street / Location: Contractor: Inspector: Test Firm: Pressure Testing Procedures § The test shall be performed by trained personal and acceptable equipment provided by the Contractor. § A section of sewer shall be tested manhole to manhole, including all service connections. § The pressure shall be pumped up to 4.0 psig, and the actual test time is based of length of pipe and diameter. A chart has been provided in the Town of Essex Standard Specifications for Construction. § A minimum duration of 2.0 minutes shall pass before the test starts to allow for pressure to stabilize. § Any section of gravity sewer that drops more than 1.0 psig, during the specified test time, fails. § Refer to Section 534.0 of the Town of Essex Standard Specifications for Construction for further direction. Mandrel Testing Procedures § The diameter of the mandrel shall be 95% of the internal diameter of the pipe, and shall be pulled manhole to manhole for each section of pipe. § A section of sewer shall be FAILED, if the mandrel gets hung up and can not pass through the entire length of the sewer section being tested. § Refer to Section 534.0 of the Town of Essex Standard Specifications for Construction for further direction. Field Conditions: Groundwater ____feet above invert Gravity Sewer Test Data Tested Section Test Time Test Pressure Upstream Manhole Down Stream Manhole Start Time End Time Test Duration Start Pressure End Pressure Pressure Drop Mandrel Test [ ] Pass [ ] Fail [ ] N / A Visual Inspection [ ] Pass [ ] Fail [ ] N / A Comments: ________________________________________ _________________________________________ Contractor’s Signature Inspector’s Signature

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Manhole Test Data Sheet Town of Essex Public Works 81 Main Street Essex Junction, Vermont 05452 Voice: (802) 878-1344 Fax: (802) 878-1355 E-mail: www.essex.org Project Name: Date: Street / Location: Contractor: Inspector: Test Firm: Vacuum Testing Procedures § The test shall be performed by trained personal and acceptable equipment provided by the Contractor. § The vacuum shall be pumped down to 10” of Mercury, and the test has a minimum duration of 2.0 minutes. § Any manhole that drops more than 1.0” of Hg, ( 10” – 9” drop ), during the test, fails. § Refer to Section 516.0 of the Town of Essex Standard Specifications for Construction for further direction. Exfiltration Testing Procedures § The manhole shall be filled with water to the top of the cone section. (A period of time for absorption should be given, and the structure filled up again.). § The test shall last a minimum of 6 hours. Measure level of water before and after test. § The allowable leakage in a 6 hour period shall be converted to a 24 hour volume. The leakage shall not exceed I gallon per vertical foot based on a 24 hour period. Depth: Diameter: Joint Type: Field Condition: [ ] Open [ ] Backfilled Groundwater ____feet above invert Manhole No: ___________________ Manhole Test Data Vacuum Start (“Hg) Start Time Vacuum End (“Hg) Finish Time Vacuum Change (“Hg) Manhole Vacuum Test Data Allowable Vacuum Drop = 1” Hg [ ] Pass [ ] Fail [ ] N / A MH Depth Time (min.) Actual Drop MH Depth Time (min.) Actual Drop 0’ – 10’ 2.0 15’ – 20’ 3.0 10’ – 15’ 2.5 20’ + See project manual Visual Inspection [ ] Pass [ ] Fail [ ] N / A Comments: ________________________________________ _________________________________________ Contractors Signature Inspectors Signature C-7

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C-11 Project Construction Estimate Town of Essex Public Works 81 Main Street Essex Junction, Vermont 05452 Voice: (802) 878-1344 Fax: (802) 878-1355 E-mail: www.essex.org Project Name: Project Location: Section: Phase: Owner: Engineer: Engineer: Date: Approved By: Date: Estimate Item Quantity Unit Measure Unit Price Total Price Road / Street Clearing & Grubbing Lump sum Rough Grading Lump Sum Road Sub-base Material Cubic Yards Paving (Top Course) Type III Tons Paving (Base Course) Type II Tons Paving (Drive Aprons) Tons Sidewalks Square Foot Bike Paths Square Foot Curb Linear Foot Line Striping / Pavement Markings Lump Sum Street / Traffic Signs Each Other Storm Drainage Pipe Linear Foot Catch Basins Each Dry Wells Each Headwalls Each End Sections Each Stormwater Treatment Facilities Lump Sum Other Potable Water System Mains Linear Foot Hydrants Each Valves Each Services Each Other Sanitary Sewer System Mains (Gravity) Linear Foot Mains (Pressure) Linear Foot Manhole Each Pump Stations and Appurtenances Lump Sum Other Other Construction Items Landscaping Lump Sum Utilities (Electric) Lump Sum Utilities (Communication) Lump Sum Utilities (Gas) Lump Sum