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QUEBEC Quebec History 1 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

Copyright 2018 by Arrowwood Holdings Ltd All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means including photocopying recording or other electronic or mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non commercial uses permitted by copyright law For permission requests write to the publisher ISBN 978 1 989397 16 9 The Great Canadian Adventure Box 4 Arrowwood AB T0L 0B0 www thegreatcanadianadventure ca Proposed Schedule Week 3 Week 1 Introduction Catholics Protestants The Jesuits Quebec History Timeline Jacques Cartier European Disease Champlain Jesuits Treaty of Utrecht Week 4 Week 2 Quebec History Timeline The Seven Years War The Royal Proclamation The American Revolution Trade Economics Trade Politics The Haudenosaunee The Beaver Wars Week 5 Movie of the Month Disney Pocahontas Although this movie has many historical inaccuracies it is a child friendly visual representation of longhouses the three sisters the All my relations principle and weapons used by the people in the Great Lakes region Quebec History Quebec History Timeline Upper Lower Canada The Rebellions The Union Act 2 Quebec Coat of Arms The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

QUEBEC HISTORY PROPOSED BOOK LIST TOPICS TITLE AUTHOR ISBN ASIN The Eastern Woodlands Peoples The Huron Carol Ian Wallace 978 1554983940 Maple Moon 978 0773760981 Children of the longhouse Connie Brummel Crook Joseph Bruchac Life in a longhouse village Bobbie Kalman 978 0778704621 Longhouses Jack Manning 978 1491403211 Nations of the Eastern Great Lakes If you lived with the Iroquois Rebecca Sjonger 978 0778704737 Ellen Levine 978 0590674454 Strong Stories The Three Sisters Haiwatha and the PeaceMaker Michelle Corneau www strongnations com Robbie Robertson 978 1419712203 The Jesuits Saint Isaac and the Indians Milton Lomask 978 0898703559 The American Revolution George vs George The American Revolution as seen from both sides Liberty or Death The American Revolution You wouldn t want to be at the Boston Tea Party King George What was his problem New France Rosalyn Schanzer 978 1426300424 Betsy Maestro 978 0688088026 Peter Cook 978 0531238561 Steve Sheinkin 978 1250075772 Robert Livesey 978 0773753419 Stewart Ross 978 0763669928 Jennifer Lackey 978 0778724667 Adrianna Morganelli 978 0778724506 Maxine Trottier 978 1443100076 New France Into the Unknown How Great Explorers Found Their Way by Land Sea Air Jacques Cartier Exploring the St Lawrence River Samuel de Champlain From New France to Cape Cod Storm the Fortress Siege of Quebec 978 0140385045 Religious content Quebec History 3 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

Table of Contents Cover Page for Quebec p1 Table of Contents p4 Introduction to Quebec p5 6 Catholics Protestant p7 The Jesuits Come to Evangelize p8 9 Trade Economics p10 11 Trade Politics p12 14 The Cost of the Fur Trade p16 17 The Haudenosaunee p18 21 The Beaver Wars p22 25 Quebec History Timeline Jacques Cartier Lands in the Gasp p26 27 European Diseases p28 Champlain at Cap Diamant p29 The Jesuits Seminary Beaver Wars p30 Treaty of Utrecht p31 The Seven Years War Taking Quebec p32 35 The Effect of the Seven Years War on the Indigenous Peoples The Royal Proclamation p36 p37 39 The American Revolution p40 Upper Lower Canada p41 The Rebellions p42 47 The Union Act p48 The Quebec Coat of Arms p49 Decorative Paper for Scrapbooking p50 55 Quebec History 4 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

Bonjour I am Etienne and I live near Quebec City Most of the people who live here speak French but the first inhabitants of the land were the Algonquian Eskimo Aluet and the Iroquoian speaking people who would have moved here more than 10 000 years ago By the time I was born Britain and France were already the most powerful nations in Europe Both had colonies but France was the most powerful nation in Europe while Britain had started to build a powerful empire overseas When a country sets up a colony the citizens they allow to move there must represent the country and defend it When my parents came to Quebec from France the king insisted that the only people allowed to settle were followers of the Catholic faith The Catholic church played a very big role in the French colonization of Canada and there is a lot of history to discover Come with me and let me tell you the story in your Great Canadian Adventure of Quebec Quebec History 5 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

Quebec History 6 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

Catholic Protestant Can you answer these questions My family and I are Christian and follow the Catholic faith We go to mass on Sundays and follow the tenets of the Christian faith When my ancestors arrived in Canada both France and Britain s main religion was Christian but they follow two different belief systems The Christian faith holds the core value that Jesus Christ was the son of God who died for our sins arose from the dead and ascended to heaven People and churches who believe that typically call themselves Christian Britain and France followed the same faith which was A Buddhism B Chris anity C Islam 2 Each country followed a di erent belief system of the faith Most se lers from France were However people often disagree on some of the details regarding their faith to such a degree that they no longer consider themselves of the same belief system A Protestant B Catholic Most Se lers from Britain were Two of the most prominent belief systems in the Christian faith are Protestantism and Catholicism A Protestant B Catholic You can learn more about the conflicts between the Catholic and Protestant believers in Europe by learning about The British kings were generally Protestant The French kings were generally Catholic British settlers would typically have been Protestant French settlers would typically have been Catholic Quebec History 1 7 1 The Reformation 2 The 30 Years War 3 The French Religious Wars The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

THE JESUITS COME TO EVANGELIZE Samuel de Champlain convinced the Roman Catholic church in France to support French settlement in Canada as a way to spread the Christian message to the Indigenous peoples Cardinal Richelieu was a French bishop and nobleman He enlisted the Jesuits members of the militant Catholic male order to colonize French North America Jesuits were warrior missionaries sponsored by the Catholic church They were strong and trained in warfare and might even have been soldiers before they became missionaries They were well prepared to travel to the most remote and difficult places in the world to spread the word of God The priests chose to do this by living in the communities with the people learning their language and building hospitals to help the sick While the Jesuits were building relationships with the communities the explorers made agreements for the trade of fur between the French and the Indigenous people Was the evangelization of the Indigenous people a good thing or a bad thing Quebec History The funding that brought the Jesuit missionaries to Canada was paid by the French king French government Catholic church The Jesuit missionaries spread the Christian message by Writing postcards Living with the people Learning the language Distributing Bibles Opening hospitals Is evangelization the same as colonization 8 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

Protestant and Catholic Chris anity Cardinal Richelieu Jesuit priests Quebec History 9 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

Has this ever happened to you You have a friend over and you are right in the middle of a fun game when you start to get thirsty and you want to get a drink but you re winning and if you stop now you might lose the game so you keep playing and the longer the wait the thirstier you get Your mouth goes dry you can hardly speak You just can t take it and you feel as if you might go anymore and you stop the game ask your friend to wait mad with thirst for you and walk to the kitchen for a glass of water Trade Economics You drink the cool liquid down your parched throat and it feels wonderful You ve only drunk half of the glass of water and now your thirst is quenched Your thirst is almost like a balloon that pops You don t want water anymore you want to go PLAY So you put the glass down and run back to your friend And all of sudden that water that you needed so badly is spilling down the drain What happened to you there is one of the most important economic principles in the world Demand and Supply Demand describes things that you need or want like water Supply describes when you get the things you need like the kitchen tap If you look closely you will see these two principles in almost every single thing you do Quebec History 10 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

FAIR TRADE The law of supply and demand says that we will only take the supply if we think the price is fair At first you were not thirsty enough to stop playing to go and get water Eventually you became so thirsty that you were willing to walk to the kitchen Today we exchange money for groceries or gas but initially people didn t have money They traded things they had for the things they needed The items that Indigenous people traded for were appreciated because they made their daily tasks easier With a metal axe instead of a stone one for instance it took much less time and effort to make a dwelling a canoe or a pair of snowshoes For a European a metal axe was an ordinary item they could easily get but a beaver pelt was very valuable because they didn t know where or how to hunt for it When people trade it means that they exchange things For the Indigenous people it was the metal axe that was rare and very useful For them a beaver pelt was worth less than an axe At the time each party felt they were getting the better end of the deal Supply and demand were in balance You could trade one beaver pelt for one hatchet or one beaver pelt for four knives four beaver pelts for a gun or two beaver pelts for a pound of beads European Demand Initially European fishers needed fresh meat and furs to keep warm when they came to the coasts of Canada to fish cod Indigenous Supply The Indigenous people would bring fresh meat and furs and trade them for metal tools and cloth things that weren t easy to make themselves When the wide brimmed hat came into fashion in Europe Europeans wanted as many beaver pelts as they could buy but they couldn t hunt on Indigenous lands safely and they didn t know the best techniques European Supply The Europeans arrived with metals and cloth they didn t seem to value very much but that made a big difference to Indigenous people s lives All they wanted for it was furs The Indigenous peoples were the best at hunting for furs and would trap and trade furs for weapons cloth beads and metals Factories in Europe produced glass beads in great volumes and many could be made quickly and easily Quebec History Indigenous Demand The Indigenous people wanted ways to make their lives easier and ensure their survival in the harsh climates Making weapons and cloth was an arduous task and hunting and trapping was easy It often took many months to make the beads used for important ceremonies and recording Indigenous history but the Europeans had bags full of beads that could be traded for some furs 11 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

Trade Politics Only nations that were allied would trade Allied nations agree to help each other in war and to trade together Chiefs had to meet to establish an alliance between the bands Once the alliance was formed they would meet every year to renew their agreement To show agreement they gave each other belts of wampum shells When two nations became allies it was not only for trade but also for war It meant that they would fight enemies together Each nation was responsible for protecting the trade routes that led to its villages The route had to be safe to make sure the traders could reach them so every village had warriors or soldiers that would patrol the routes Travellers and traders would have to get permission to cross the territories of other nations including land lakes and rivers We don t enter other people s homes without knocking and letting them know we are there Indigenous travellers would bring gifts and ask permission to cross another tribe s territory If a group did not offer a gift it would be passing through the territory illegally If caught it might have some of its trade goods taken away or the group members might be killed Very soon the most important trade good became beaver pelts Quebec History 12 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

Copper Kettle Look at the page of ordinary supplies that the First Nations people wanted to trade for Consider each item and write down why it would have been considered valuable Fishing Hooks Pants Ax Hatchet Gunpowder Knives Sewing Needles Spectacles Fabric Clay Pot Glass Beads Gun Sugar Blankets Buttons Combs Fishing Net Quebec History 13 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

TRADING POSTS The British built trading posts in New England what we now call New York and Albany and they allied with the Haudenosaunee The French established trading posts in the colony they called New France They allied with the Huron Algonquin and Innu The challenge was for Europeans to get access to the hunting grounds because Indigenous warrior parties were patrolling their territories Europeans allied with bands which would help them to trade with other inland bands and would help them to use the river systems The Europeans had the demand and the Indigenous tribes controlled the supply What is an intermediary or a middle man Indigenous allies traded with the French who shipped goods to Europe What the French did differently from the British was marrying into the Indigenous tribes This meant they were protected by and under the bands and their allies Quebec History 14 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

Tribes would meet and exchange their furs with intermediaries Indigenous tribes up river would trap and hunt furs Intermediaries would travel to either French or British trading posts From there furs would be shipped to Europe Indigenous meeting and trade places Fur trappers Shipping furs to Europe Trading Post Quebec History 15 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

The Cost of the Fur Trade Before the fur trade most bands traded with each other exchanging gifts of wampum animal pelts tobacco shells mats pottery and so on This allowed them to create allies and build friendships When the Europeans arrived they were invited into the existing trade networks and everybody was scrambling to get metal tools and utensils from them As people grew accustomed to metal tools they lost the art of chipping flint into arrowheads and shaping pieces of bone into knives and scrapers Soon European tools that started off as luxuries became necessities Without metal farm tools the villagers could no longer raise enough food to sustain themselves All of a sudden they were dependent on the European traders for their survival What the European traders wanted was fur Native hunters trapped more and more animals to meet the demand for fur The had always felt part of nature and thanked the animals for giving their lives Now killing animals for trade became more important than living in balance and harmony with nature The number of beaver they trapped became less and less and soon most were gone Quebec History 16 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

Quebec History 17 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

The Haudenosaunee First Nations people who shared the same language group not only shared the same language they also shared the same way of life The Algonquian speaking people like the Mi kmaq Algonquin and Innu were nomadic hunter gatherers and typically did not practice agriculture In the Province of Canada as it was before confederation there lived a nation which spoke a different language called Iroquoian There were many different tribes or bands but their way of life was similar They were hunters and farmers and they established themselves in a location for about fifteen years at a time only moving their village when the resources started to become scarce They lived in longhouses Each longhouse was home to a clan so between sixty and eighty people lived in a longhouse Families would sleep on platforms along the walls of the longhouse and there would be cooking fires down the middle for 2 or 3 families to share Quebec History 18 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

Quebec History 19 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

The Three Sisters The Haudenosaunee were farmers They grew the three sisters corn squash beans along with artichokes sunflowers and tobacco in their fields The three sisters is a combination of planting corn beans to climb up the corn and then squash to cover the ground The men were responsible for hunting trapping fishing trade and war The women were responsible for the farming processing hides meals and educating the children Quebec History 20 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

La Crosse La Crosse is a game created by the Iroquois centuries ago It was originally called Stick Ball because it was played with a ball and a stick Lacrosse is a team sport in which players pass catch and carry and ball using sticks with a netted pouch at on end The object of lacrosse is to accumulate points by shooting the ball into the opposing team s goal The Haudenosaunee played the game for fun but it was also considered a spiritual and healing sport that was played as a tribute to the Creator There might have been up to 100 players on the field at the same time and they decided the rules the day before Quebec History 21 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

THE BEAVER WARS The Haudenosaunee Iroquois was a nation that lived south of Lake Ontario They were not one band but a united alliance of five nations They were the most numerous nation in the area and when the Europeans arrived wanting to trade for furs the Haudenosaunee quickly amassed the biggest trade area and the most wealth However the more they hunted beavers the fewer the beavers became What happened to the supply and demand principle Use the following symbols to show what happened Bigger Smaller Balance Imbalance The demand for beaver furs became Is there a trade balance The supply of beaver furs became Think of two solutions that might solve the trade deficit that was created here People who have the demand might People who provide the supply might Quebec History 22 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

but there aren t any more beavers Quebec History We need more 23 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

The Haudenosaunee decided to solve their problem by increasing their territory to access more beaver furs This meant that they had to take the territory of other tribes and declaring war For centuries the Iroquois had been mortal enemies of the Huron and other First Nations north of the St Lawrence River and Great Lakes but had never been able to conquer them Now with disease brought by Europeans decimating the Huron populations they finally had a chance The Iroquois saw their opportunity to conquer their hated enemies Heading north into Canada meant they attacked other Iroquoian and the Algonquian speaking tribes around the Great Lakes Haudenosaunee warriors were feared by the people who lived near the great lakes and most tribes chose to flee from them Even other Iroquoian speaking tribes left their territories to avoid the war The Haudenosaunee were supported by the British and the Dutch who traded guns for their fur They liked the idea that the Haudenosaunee attacked the tribes that sold furs to the French because it left more for them to buy They supported the Haudenosaunee s attack on the Algonquianspeaking peoples of New France The Algonquian speaking peoples were at a disadvantage because the French had not traded guns with them They were living in relative peace and didn t need guns However when the Haudenosaunee started attacking their allies the French stepped in to arm them and join the fight During the Beaver wars some Algonquian tribes were either assimilated into the Haudenosaunee or dispersed until they no longer existed The wars started in 1628 and lasted until 1667 when they made peace with the French armies How well do you think the migrating people were received in the areas they escaped to Can you find a map that shows the forced migrations of the peoples that lived in the areas the Haudenosaunee attacked Quebec History 24 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018

English and Dutch traders arm the Haudenosaunee with firearms The Haudenosaunee attack villages to expand their trapping and trading territory The Haudenosaunee and the British fight against the French Huron and Algonquin bands during the Seven Years War Quebec History 25 The Great Canadian Adventure 2018