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©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIALDIGITAL AIR GUIDEBad Air is Dangerous for Everyone
©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIALTable of Contents:The Hidden Costs of IAQIndoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a critical factor to student and employee success (e.g. productivity, performance and health),the effectiveness of workers, and the operational costs of buildings. 1. Executive Summary The 3 “CBA” Steps: Count, Baseline, AlertWith proper baseline data and real-time monitoring with dashboards to trigger alerts, be ready to take actionwhen conditions call for it. 4. The Three “CBA” Steps to Safer Air - Count, Baseline, Alert 5. University Campus - Air Quality Case Study 6. Recommended Steps for Employees to Prevent Office Air Pollution 7. Recommended Steps for Schools to Prevent Campus Air Pollution 8. ResourcesCount What Matters on Your CampusEvery school campus is unique and needs its own data. Diagnosing and baselining a school’s indoor and outdoor air quality withindustrial-grade equipment is the key to applying a data-driven process to managing environmental safety. 2. Understanding the Data 3. Diagnosing and Remediating Issues in the Building 3a. The Importance of Lab-Grade Particle CountingWHAT:HOW:WHY:
©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL1. Executive Summary:The quality of your indoor air matters. https://www.epa.gov/report-environment/indoor-air-qualityAccording to the EPA, indoor air pollution can have significant and harmful health effects. EPA studies of human exposure to air pollut-ants indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be two to five times — and occasionally more than 100 times — higher than outdoor levels. These levels of indoor air pollutants are of particular concern because most people spend about 90% of their time indoors. Additionally, it is small particles (2.5 microns and below) that create an environment for transmission of viruses. These smaller parti-cles stay airborne much longer than larger sized particles, are easily inhaled deeply into the lungs, and cannot be expelled through coughing or sneezing easily. A large concentration of PM 2.5 increases the likelihood of viral or bacterial disease being transferred to people within the environment.Source: Environmental Protection Agency:PM 2.5Combustion particles, compounds,metals, etc.<2.5 microns in Diameter PM 10Dust, pollen, mold, etc.<10 microns in Diameter HUMAN HAIR50-70 microns in Diameter Fine Beach Sand90 microns in Diameter WHYSource: Environmental Protection AgencyBIG2.5 micronHowPARTICLE?is a
©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIALThe build-up of these small particles is what produces the unsafe air that can harm our health, performance, and day-to-day lives.“Harvard researchers Dr. John D. Macomber and Dr. Joseph G. Allen recently published Healthy Buildings – How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Pro-ductivity in April 2020. The two estimated in this groundbreaking work that im-proving indoor air quality yields an average worker productivity gain of between $6,500 and $7,500 per worker annually. This was the single biggest employee performance boost available to office managers Macomber and Allen found” Many other research studies cite productivity gains - or losses - in contact center agents, office workers and students. For example, the University of Tulsa found that air pollution in a testing environment lowered student scores on average by 74 points in a standard 2400 point SAT. A recent 2019 study found that the pro-ductivity of stock brokers and contact center agents improved productivity as their Indoor Air Quality improved. Furthermore, medical journals estimate that over 800,000 people die every year due to poor air quality in their workplace, in addition to experiencing 'sick building syndrome', which can cause headaches and loss of productivity. In all circumstances though, cleaner air has significantly improved productivity while PM2.5 air is a clear threat to our health and work.Sources: 1 - https://www.epa.gov/report-environment/indoor-air-quality 2 - https://www.learningliftoff.com/school-air-pollution-affects-student-performance-and-behavior/ 3 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792460/ 4 - https://www.thelancet.com/commissions/pollution-and-health2341
©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIALBad air is dangerous for everyone -- and it is fine and ultrafine particles that pose the highest risk to indoor spaces. Air-borne diseases like influenza and COVID-19 latch onto these smaller parti-cles which are capable of penetrating the lungs and bloodstream more easily. As air quality worsens, the chances of transmission rise. Until recently, office managers weren’t equipped with the tools and infor-mation they needed to protect their spaces. One way to mitigate the effect of PM 2.5 is to measure and understand the PM 2.5 concentration of the indoor air that makes up your environment in real-time. The good news is it is possible to continuously measure air quality in an office envi-ronment. The bad news is that these readings are often unreliable and variable.This is where Phizzle comes in. Phizzle is the first company to fully auto-mate the operation of lab-grade particle counters used in pharmaceutical manufacturing, clean rooms and other heavily regulated environments. These machines are incredibly accurate and serve as the go-to industry tool for diagnosing air quality.Many commercially available sensors exist that claim to capture all sorts of data. The question is whether these tests are accurate and follow EPA guidelines for testing protocol. Commercial sensors have a place in identifying potential areas of concern, but they need to be augmented with lab-grade mobile particle counters that can take in the volume of air necessary for accurate reading. Phizzle’s software has automated the operation of these valuable devices, making them available now for office and campus environments.Lab-Grade SensorCommercial-Grade SensorConsumer-Grade Sensor
©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL2. Understanding the DataFor example: • Particles of 2.5 microns or less are the most dangerous particles for spreading viruses and bacteria that can produce illness in people (PM 2.5). • In all studies, less PM 2.5 is better than more PM 2.5• Bacteria is generally transferred in particles of 1-10 microns in size• Mold is usually in particle sizes of 3-15 microns• Pet dander is between 5-20 microns• Smaller sized particles are more dangerous for bacteria and virus transfer, but larger particles can cause issues for those with health issues such as asthma• COVID-19 is believed to be 50-200 nanometers (nm) in diameter, or 1000x smaller than a mold spore and can easily attach to smaller particlesThe key to understanding your indoor air quality (IAQ)is to understand the particulate matter that makes up the air around you. Particles that are most dangerous to humans in transmitting viruses and disease are the particles below 2.5 microns (PM 2.5). So, how many PM 2.5 particles are acceptable in the presence of indoor air before it is deemed unsafe?Unfortunately, there is no definitive scientific standard. The EPA and other scientific research institutions have tried to quantify an objective number for safe and unsafe air. The fact of the matter is that currently there is no settled science or consensus on what constitutes a safe environment and what doesn’t. Even the attempts to quantify it as a figure of micrograms of weight percubic-meter of air are difficult to calculate and many say can be inaccurate.However, there is a lot that scientists agree on.WHAT
©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIALCommercial-grade sensors struggle to detect ultrafine particles and deliver consistent, accurate data on IAQ. Phizzle offers the tools and strategy to truly define the state of your indoor air. Augmenting your sensor fleet with lab-grade particle counters on rolling carts is the standard practice for pharmaceutical manufacturing and ISO cleanrooms. This style of mobile and highly accurate particle counting can determine the breadth and sever-ity of any IAQ issue before allowing you to make changes and take proactive measures. Particle counting is crucial to measuring IAQ because it provides accurate and consistent information about what is happening in our air. If lab-grade readings do confirm dangerous air quality, how can you actually diagnose the problem? The first thing to do is observe any issues you are having. Can you find any evidence of mold or bacteria growth in the vicinity? If there is no obvious understanding for why your air quality has worsened, an additional device in the Phizzle suite like a microbial air sampler can be used to confirm the presence and the types of bacteria and mold in the environment. 3. Diagnosing and Remediating Issues in the Building: 3a. The Importance of Particle CountingPhizzle SolutionParticle CounterCloud ConnectionPower SupplyCommercial-grade- Tests performed by volume scattering – particles (possibly including particles larger than 2.5 microns enter the sensor scatter light from an internal light source- The scattered light signal is converted to an estimated particle count concentration, leaving imprecise readings and a higher false-positive rate - Often immobile and/or unsuited for indoor and outdoor environments - Not EPA Recommended - Data are reported in units of µg/m3.Lab-grade - Tests performed by optical particle counting – particles entering the sensor are individually sized and counted based on how they scatter light - The sensor outputs estimated mass concentrations in four key size fractions (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, and PM10) - Designed as a handheld monitor; portable and accurate to both indoor and outdoor environments - EPA Recommended, ISO Cleanroom Recommended - Data are reported in units of µg/m3.At this point, you are equipped to consult with experts on remediation with the knowledge that your data is accurate and the issue is real.
CBA©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIALHOW- Alert employees or students to worsening air quality conditions; take action to remediate consistent IAQ issues- Baseline over 30 days to determine IAQ trends throughout your building- Count the particulate matter at predetermined spaces inside your building4. The 3 “CBA” Steps: Count, Baseline, AlertPhizzle has developed a three-step process for defining and improving the air quality at offices and schools.The first step is to use lab-grade tools in order to:Once 30-day benchmarks are determined, you are able to continually re-evaluate your current air quality to historical averages. You finally have the information to determine what is happening in your environment, over time. We can also compare specific building data to ISO Class 9 clean room data, which is a high scientific standard for particulate matter requirements in a cubic meter of air. CountBaselineAlert
5. Air Quality Case Study:The following case study was performed at a large building campus in the United StatesMethodology: - Segmented campus building floor plans into 500 square foot grids - Deployed lab-grade particle counters on rolling carts with Cisco IR-829 routers - Took air quality samples by location over 30 days - Varied between high and low traffic periodsSpot Analysis - Food Court:We collected readings from 36 food court locations. Readings were taken during the evening when occupancy was low, and again during normal daytime occupancy.- At low occupancy, indoor air was significantly better than outdoor air - Particulate matter across all sizes and locations during the low occupancy state was 58% lower than that of the occupied state- Foot traffic caused the indoor IAQ numbers to shift above outdoor ones, indicating potential building layout or ventilation issuesInitial Data:Results:- Location #31 is experiencing significant and consistent PM 2.5 spikes - Location #31 becomes a high-priority IAQ study areaResults:IMPACT: Facility personnel moved vending machines inLocation #31 to reduce congestion and study the IAQ effects©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL
©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIALSo Now What?The CBA Alert System - Communication is KeyWhere WhatGreen(Satisfactory)Yellow(Concerning)Red(Potentially Hazardous)On Campus Daily Report- Open Window- Wear a mask- Alert Crisis Team- Activate Crisis Team- Text Alerts to Students- Search Premesis- Text Alerts- Incident Report- Text Alerts- Incident ReportDaily Report Incident ReportIncident ReportDaily ReportExtended Community(Nearby Neighborhoods)Virtual Community & FamiliesIncident Reports include follow-up on all Yellow or Red events as well as steps for remediation and personal safetyYou’ve run accurate tests, developed a baseline for your air quality, and are finally ready to implement changes. The following alert system offers guidance on how to best notify your community of the information provided by Digital Air.
6. Recommended Steps for Employees to Reduce Air Pollution at the Office:The following steps and information will help keep you and your fellow workers safe and thriving in the office:Employees have the right to safe air in their office environment.Steps to Create a Lung-Friendly Workplace For more information and resources: www.lung.org/corporate-wellness- Get rid of mold and pests by having regular trash removal and clean break rooms- - Establish a tobacco-free workplace policy, and provide a quit smoking program for employees which are reservoirs for chemicals, allergens, and metals.- Avoid outdoor air intakes at street level or near other outdoor sources of pollutants. - Check for legacy pollutants such as lead, PCBs and asbestos.©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL
©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL7. Recommended Steps for Schools to Reduce Indoor Air PollutionTeachers are a key part to building healthy indoor environments. From the front lines, teachers can per-ceive when IAQ changes affect students and themselves. By being involved in creating a clean and healthy learning environment, teachers can promote health, wellness and academic productivity with better air.Top Actions Teachers Staff and Health Professionals Can Take to Address IAQ:Source: EPA - Keep ventilation units in classrooms free of clutter.- Reduce the number of items made of cloth in your classroom, including furniture, draperies or stuffed animals. These materials attract dust mites, which can negatively impact sensitive students.- Practice chemical management in your classrooms, if appropriate.- Understand the effects of poor IAQ on student and staff productivity and health- Report any IAQ issues and maintenance problems occurring in classrooms and hallways immediately- If classroom pets cause allergic reactions or trigger asthma attacks, either relocate the pet away from sensitive students or consider replacing the animal with a classroom fish or an animal that will not trigger allergy and asthma attacks in any students. Some school districts have policies that ban pets with fur or feathers.
©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL8. ResourcesDigital Air Guide Resources: https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/indoor-air-quality-tools-schools-action-kitAllen, Joseph, and John D. Macomber. Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020.https://www.learningliftoff.com/school-air-pollution-affects-student-performance-and-behavior/https://www.epa.gov/report-environment/indoor-air-qualityhttps://www.lung.org/help-support/corporate-wellness/how-lung-friendly-is-your-workplacehttps://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/indoors/air/pmq_a.htmhttps://www.cdc.gov/air/particulate_matter.htmlhttps://www.airnow.gov/aqi/aqi-basics/extremely-high-levels-of-pm25/https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/reference-guide-indoor-air-quality-schoolshttps://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w19944/w19944.pdfhttps://www.thelancet.com/commissions/pollution-and-healthhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792460/For more information on Digital Air with Phizzle, please visit our website: https://www.phizzle.com/products-services
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©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL
©2021 Phizzle, Inc. ALL MATERIALS IN THIS GUIDE ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL