Return to flip book view

Message | 1Antonio PEDROSA Soaresand Lithium Ionic’s Exploration TeamTSX.V: LTH | OTCQX: LTHCF | FSE: H3NMarch 4, 2025Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Provinceand Lithium Ionic's Bandeira projectHard rock lithium deposits:A global perspectiveLocation

| 2Source: Pedrosa-Soares et al.(2025, Economic Geology, Lithium spec. vol.)Pegmatite clusters are found along a 150,000 km2large region in Southeastern Brazil near the Atlantic coast, served by highways, airports and ports.EBPP is an outcome of the Araçuaí Orogen developed from Early Ediacaran to Late Cambrian.Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province (EBPP)EBPP

| 312 pegmatite districts, only 4 are LCT, butonly one is rich in spodumene: The Araçuaí District!G4 and G2: S-type two-mica leucogranitesproduced LCT (Lithium-Cesium-Tantalum) pegmatites, including the spodumene-rich deposits (SRD) of the Araçuaí District.G5: A-type biotite granites produced NYF (Niobium-Yttrium-Fluorine ± REE) pegmatitesSource: Pedrosa-Soares et al.( 2025, Economic Geology, Lithium spec. vol.)Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite ProvinceAraçuaí District

| 4> 90% lithium ore produced in Brazil since the 1960sSource: Pedrosa Soares et al.( 2025; Economic Geology, Lithium spec. vol.)Spodumene pegmatites are post-tectonic, unzoned (with disseminated Spd)to complex zoned bodies, hosted by mica schists and metarenites; show sharpintrusive contacts with the host rocks; and are located at ca. 1 to 5 km far fromG4 intrusions composed of two-mica, muscovite and pegmatoid leucogranites.Zoé-Dim mine (2019)Ab-Kfs-Ms-Qz zoneSpd-Perthite zoneCrd-Bt-Qz schistUnzoned SRP (Ab-Spd type)CBL’s underground mine (2022)Zoned PSPSchist saproliteThe Araçuaí Pegmatite DistrictPhoto by Geol. David ClaretP-T

| 5Spd-rich deposits (SRD) are hosted by rocks within the cordierite zone of the low-P / high-T (LP/HT) regional and/or contact metamorphism.The Araçuaí Pegmatite DistrictSource: Pedrosa Soares et al.( 2025; Economic Geology, Lithium spec. vol.)P-T window for SRD crystallization:3.8 - 2.5 kb at 550 - 450 CLithium IonicCBLCrd-Bt schist, Salinas FmAnd-Crd-Bt schist

| 6Fractal example of staggered (en echelon) patternCBL-Cachoeira underground mine producing Spd since 1993(Photos by Geol. David Claret, 2022)2022SRP swarm with 3D staggered(en echelon) and branched pattern.Map adapted from Romeiro (1998)High-grade Spd ore Sigma

| 7Producing Spd from open pit mine since 2023.15mXuxa SRPValle (2018)Valle (2018)Delboni Jr., 2023, SGS / SIGMA NI 43-101Xuxa Pegmatite, a single large SRP: 1700 m long x 15 m thick x >300 m downdip ~15 m Xuxa SRPCrd-Bt schistSpdXuxa’s high grade Spd oreBandeira

| 8BandeiraDrilling SiteSince19938The Flagship Bandeira Deposit42 million tons of high grade spodumene ore disclosed in two years of exploration! Cachoeira MineBandeira geology

| 9✓ Low-P/High-T metamorphism at cordierite zone(ideal P-T window for SRP crystallization)✓ Li-anomalous G4 intrusions exposing cupolas withmuscovite-albite and pegmatoid leucogranitesBandeira Deposit in the best regional scenario for large Spd depositsAdapted from Pedrosa Soares et al.( 2025; Economic Geology, Lithium spec. vol.)2km wide Bandeira-Cachoeira SRP dike swarmBandeira deposit

10Bandeira Deposit: A pegmatite swarm with > 14 SRP dikes297 DDH: 60,000 m550 soil samples44 trenches: 3100 m10,200 analyzed core samplesThickness range:4 m to 9 mEXPLORATION DATAStrike length up to 1,000 mDowndip width up to 800 m11OREBODY DIMENSIONS1Orebody 1Figure source: Pedrosa Soares et al.( 2025; Economic Geology, Lithium spec. vol.)

11Orebody 1Spodumene Resources:Total: ~10 Mt @ 1.4% Li2OBandeira Deposit: An exampleMacroscopic features

12Macroscopic features of Bandeira’s spodumene ore20 m @ 1.4 wt% Li2O✓ Coarse-grained (up to 50 cm) greenish spodumene (hiddenite) laths largely disseminated in unzoned SRP dikes.✓ Bandeira’s orebodies are free of quartz cores, and very poor in secondary units and miarolitic cavities.✓ Thin and discontinuous spodumene-barren border domains rich in albite may occur at bottom and/or top contacts.✓ Orebodies are generally completely free of weathering in depths below ~ 30 m from surface. Large hiddenite(green Spd) crystalConcordant contact to S1withSpd-free/Ab-rich thin border on top of Spd oreSpdDiscordant to S1(concordant to S2) contact with Spd-free/Ab-rich borderSpd-free/ Ab-rich border Spd oreMicroscopic features

13Microscopic features of Bandeira’s Spd oreLithium Ionic’s microscopic characterization chartplane polarized light crossed polarizers lightSpodumene features:❑ Idiomorphic crystals❑ Sharp contacts with matrix❑ Poor to free of alteration❑ Dominant clean surfaces❑ Poor in inclusions and Squi❑ Rare cataclastic deformation❑ No ductile deformationMatrix features:▪ Fine-to-medium-grained (mm-dm)▪ > 90 vol% Ab + Kfs + Qz▪ < 10 vol% accessory minerals▪ < 5 vol% Al-Li mica▪ < 3 vol% petalite▪ < 2 vol% Li-phosphates▪ < 2 vol% Nb-Sn-Ta oxides▪ < 1 vol% cookeite + zabuyelite▪ < 1 vol% Fe-Mn hydroxides + clay115 polished thin sections from 9 core intercepts cutting distinct SRP bodiesSpdSpdSpdSpdSpdSpdSpdSpdSpdSpdSpdSpdResources Model

| 14A dense swarm of SRP dikes concordant to S1schistosity, with some discordant but thicker SRP dikes emplaced along the S2spaced cleavage or sub-horizontal joints (Jh).Bandeira Deposit – 3D Resources Model250 m125NWSE0Spodumene Resources(MRE update, April 2024)Total: 42 MtM & I: 23.7 Mt with 1.34% Li2OInferred: 18.3 Mt with 1.37% Li2OClaim limitClaim limitConclusion

15Towards 1 billion tons of lithium ore in the Brazilian Lithium Valley?The EndCurrently, Li resources can be realistically estimated to be around 500,000 million tons, including Spd and Ptl, in the whole Brazil Lithium Valley.

| 16acpedrosa@lithiumionic.comSpodumene bridging socioeconomic development and the Brazilian Lithium Valley!Thanks, Obrigado, MerciTSX.V: LTH | OTCQX: LTHCF | FSE: H3Nwww.lithiumionic.comHard rock lithium deposits:A global perspectiveMarch 4, 2025