Nigeria's 2020-2025 Infrastructure Plans : simplebooklet.com

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 2 | 100 TABLE OF CONTENTS GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................................. 3 PRESIDENT’S MANDATE ............................................................................................................................ 5 SPECIAL REMARKS BY THE MINISTER ....................................................................................................... 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................................................. 7 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 9 2 BACKGROUND ON NIGERIA: ECONOMY, TELECOMS AND BROADBAND .................................. 12 2.1 BROADBAND DEPLOYMENT STATUS .......................................................................................... 18 2.2 REVIEW OF UNSERVED AREAS AND ACCESS GAPS ..................................................................... 28 3 CURRENT STATUS ....................................................................................................................... 30 3.1 REVIEW OF 2013 – 2018 PLAN ................................................................................................. 30 3.2 GLOBAL BENCHMARKS............................................................................................................... 34 4 TARGETS & TIMELINES FOR 2020 - 2025 .................................................................................. 38 5 PILLARS & RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................................ 41 5.1 INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................................................................................................... 41 5.2 POLICY ........................................................................................................................................ 49 5.3 DEMAND DRIVERS ...................................................................................................................... 58 5.4 FUNDING & INCENTIVES ............................................................................................................ 62 6 GOVERNANCE & IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK .................................................................... 66 6.0 FRAMEWORK DETAILS ................................................................................................................ 66 7 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................ 79 7.0 APPENDIX A: DEFINITIONS ......................................................................................................... 79 7.1 APPENDIX B: REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 82 7.1.1 UNDERSERVED AREAS ................................................................................................................. 82 7.2 APPENDIX C: PILLARS ................................................................................................................ 88 7.2.1 INFRASTRUCTURE NOTES ............................................................................................................ 88 7.2.2 POLICY/SPECTRUM NOTES ......................................................................................................... 94 7.2.3 DEMAND DRIVERS NOTES .......................................................................................................... 97 7.2.4 FUNDING & INCENTIVES NOTES ................................................................................................. 97 7.3 APPENDIX D: STAKEHOLDERS PROVIDING INPUT TO COMMITTEE ............................................ 98 7.4 APPENDIX E: PRESIDENTIAL COMMITTEE 2020 - 2025 NATIONAL BROADBAND PLAN ........... 99

Page 3

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 3 | 100 GLOSSARY Acronyms Description 2G Second Generation Telephone Wireless Technology 3G Third Generation Telephone Wireless Technology 4G Fourth Generation Telephone Wireless Technology 5G Fifth Generation Telephone Wireless Technology A4AI Alliance for Affordable Internet ADB African Development Bank ADI Affordability Drivers Index ALTON Association of Licensed Telecommunications Operators of Nigeria ATCON Association of Telecommunication Companies of Nigeria ASCON Association of Submarine Cable Operators of Nigeria BCDA Border Communities Development Agency CBN Central Bank of Nigeria CCTV Closed-Circuit Television CNI Critical National Infrastructure CoS Class of Service DCNI Department of Critical National Infrastructure DML Digital Mobile Licensing EUC End User Certificate FCTA Federal Capital Territory Administration FCCPC Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Council FMCT Federal Ministry of Communications Technology *Subsumed to FMoCDE FMoCDE Federal Ministry of Communications & Digital Economy *Renamed in 2019 FMFBNP Federal Ministry of Finance, Budget & National Planning FMHDSD Federal Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs, Disaster Management & Social Development FME Federal Ministry of Education FMP Federal Ministry of Power FMT Federal Ministry of Transport FMW&H Federal Ministry of Works and Housing FTTx Fibre To The x (where x could be Base station, Home, Tower, Building etc.) FWA Fixed Wireless Access GBB Galaxy Backbone GDP Gross Domestic Product GSM Global System for Mobile Communications GSMA GSM Association HM FMoCDE Honourable Minister, Federal Ministry of Communications & Digital Economy ICT Information and Communications Technology ITU International Telecommunication Union IXP Internet Exchange Point JTB Joint Tax Board KPI Key Performance Indicator LGAs Local Government Areas MDAs Ministries, Departments, and Agencies MNOs Mobile Network Operators

Page 4

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 4 | 100 Acronyms Description MOFI Ministry of Finance *Subsumed to FMFBNP MPR Ministry of Petroleum Resources NBC National Broadcasting Commission NBP National Broadband Plan NBS National Bureau of Statistics NCC Nigerian Communications Commission NFMC National Frequency Management Council NIGCOMSAT Nigerian Communications Satellite Company NITDA National Information Technology Development Agency NIWA National Inland Waterways Authority NNPC Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation NRC Nigerian Railway Corporation NSCDC Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps NSIP Nigeria Social Investment Programme ONSA Office of the National Security Adviser OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PEBEC Presidential Enabling Business Environment Council PMO Project Management Office POA Point of Access QoS Quality of Service RoW/ROW Right of Way SIM Card Subscriber Identity Module Card SMART Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time-bound TCN Transmission Company of Nigeria TVWS Television White Spaces USPF Universal Service Provision Fund VPN Virtual Private Network

Page 5

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 5 | 100 PRESIDENT’S MANDATE PRESIDENT, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA By Presidential directives, the Honourable Minister of Communications and Digital Economy inaugurated the Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020-2025 Presidential Committee on Monday 16th December, 2019. The Committee, made up of industry stakeholders and representatives of key Government Agencies, supported by non-Governmental and Civil Society Organisations along with Development Partners, worked assiduously in producing this document As we continue with our efforts of diversifying our economy, the need for ubiquitous broadband access cannot be overemphasized. We are aware of the economic growth opportunities afforded by the deployment of broadband technologies. I am told that every 10% increase in broadband penetration results in about 2.6% to 3.8% growth in GDP. This informed the Government‘s decision on the renaming of the Federal Ministry of Communications to the Federal Ministry of Communications and Digital Economy in October, 2019 as well as the unveiling of the National Digital Economic Policy and Strategy in November of the same year. I note with keen interest that this plan is designed to deliver data download speeds of about 25Mbps in urban areas and 10Mbps in rural areas. It also targets covering at least 90% of the population and penetration rate of 70% by the end of the plans lifetime. Although progress has been made in realizing some of the targets set in the previous plan, several factors militated against their full attainment. There is the need for deliberate efforts by all stakeholders towards ensuring that the targets we set ourselves in this plan are realized. I am therefore pleased to note that a governance framework aimed at facilitating this has been carefully crafted as part of the plan’s implementation strategy. I also note the concerns expressed as to the factors that may militate against the attainment of these targets. Government, on its part, will create the enabling environment as well as relevant policies to ensure effective deployment and protection of telecommunications infrastructure. I have already directed the Honourable Minister of Communications and Digital Economy to work with the National Security Adviser, the Inspector General of Police and relevant government agencies to ensure the protection of these critical national assets. I commend the Honourable Minister of Communications and Digital Economy, the Presidential Committee and all stakeholders who participated in the development of this Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020-2025. As I present the plan, I look forward to the commitment of all stakeholders towards ensuring its full implementation.

Page 6

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 6 | 100 SPECIAL REMARKS BY THE MINISTER On the 16th of December 2019, I inaugurated a Committee to draft a National Broadband Plan (NBP) for Nigeria (2020-2025) on behalf of His Excellency, President Muhammadu Buhari, GCFR. The Committee was made up of 32 industry experts and was chaired by Funke Opeke. The development of a Broadband Plan aligns with global best practice and the constitution of the Committee is in line with the powers of the minister as stated in Section 23(a) of the Nigerian Communications Act 2003- the Minister shall be responsible for “the formulation, determination and monitoring of the general policy for the communications sector in Nigeria with a view to ensuring, amongst others, the utilization of the sector as a platform for the economic and social development of Nigeria.” The NBP addresses 3 of the 8 priorities that the Federal Government assigned to the Federal Ministry of Communications and Digital Economy, and the parastatals under its purview, for implementation. These priorities are the implementation of broadband connectivity and execution of a plan to deploy 4G across the country, as well as the development and implementation of a digital economy policy and strategy. Broadband supports the development of the digital economy and a focus on growing the National Digital Economy will also improve and diversify the nation’s traditional economy. This new broadband plan is designed to deliver data download speeds across Nigeria, a minimum of 25Mbps in urban areas, and 10Mbps in rural areas, with effective coverage available to at least 90% of the population by 2025 at a price not more than N390 per 1GB of data (2% of median income or 1% of minimum wage). The implementation of the Plan will lead to creation of jobs, improved socio-economic development and sustained economic growth, amongst others. However, it is important to note that the successful implementation of the Plan requires synergy between government and the private sector. As such, this Plan has received input from all stakeholders and will be driven by the private sector, with the government providing the enabling environment. As the President directed, I invite all stakeholders to fully support the implementation of the Plan as we seek to position our country to enjoy the benefits that ubiquitous nationwide broadband will provide. Dr. Isa Ali Ibrahim (Pantami), FNCS, FBCS, FIIM Honourable Minister Federal Ministry of Communications and Digital Economy (March 2020)

Page 7

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 7 | 100 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The FMoCDE wishes to thank all of the public and private sector stakeholders and industry leaders who made time to attend the various stakeholder sessions towards providing input to the National Broadband Plan. Participating organizations are listed in the Appendix. In addition, the FMoCDE would like to thank the UK Government for their support through the Digital Access Programme. The FMoCDE would also like to thank the World Bank, A4AI, GSMA and Paradigm Initiative for their contributions. The Ministry is grateful for the critical role that the parastatals under its purview have played in the successful preparation of the Plan. The vision of affordable broadband for every Nigerian citizen is supported by your valued expertise and input.

Page 8

Page 9

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 9 | 100 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Nigeria is the largest mobile telecommunications market in Africa, largely based on rapid development following the successful auction of Digital Mobile Licenses (DML) in 2001. As at December 2019, the market served over 184 Million Mobile lines, with 126 Million of those lines connected to Internet services. According to the NCC, telecommunication services in the country have grown from a tele-density of lower than 1% on fixed wireline and wireless networks before the DML auctions, to reach approximately 89% population coverage for voice services in 2019 primarily based on 2G/2G+ networks. Internet services in the country are currently provided on 2G, 3G, and increasingly 4G mobile networks. However, though 4G coverage is available to 37% of the population, download speeds in the country are noted to be generally uncompetitive with other countries in the same income bracket. In recognition of the tremendous economic growth opportunities afforded by the deployment of broadband technologies, Nigeria established its first broadband plan in 2013 for a period of five years. The plan set out to achieve broadband access, defined as minimum download speeds of 1.5Mbps with at least 30% coverage, and an objective of achieving 3G coverage to at least 80% of the population. Given the current state of technology, development and applications of broadband technology, the 30% penetration achievement lags the aspiration of the country as the developed world marches towards widespread deployment of 5G technologies, while the country is yet to achieve significant 4G coverage and adoption. In the June 12, 2019 Democracy Day address, President Muhammadu Buhari made a pledge to lift 100 Million Nigerians out of poverty in 10 years. In October 2019, to further the achievement of this objective, he expanded the mandate of the Ministry of Communications to address the development of the Digital Economy in line with the Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) with focus on accelerating growth and social inclusion. Digital technology offers Nigeria the opportunity to grow and diversify its economy from the overdependence on oil & gas export proceeds. With a teeming population estimated at 203 Million according to the United Nations (UN), where over half of the population is under 25 years of age, the country is faced with the tremendous challenge to put this largely unemployed and underemployed population to work. Rapid rollout of broadband services will address various socio-economic challenges faced by the country, including the need to grow its economy, create jobs, rapidly expand the tax base, and improve digital literacy and educational standards. This will also address identity management and security challenges through the effective use of technology, increase financial inclusion and deliver a broad range of services to its people to improve the quality of life and work towards attainment of Social Development Goals set by the UN for 2030.

Page 10

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 10 | 100 The Honourable Minister of Communications and Digital Economy, Dr. Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami has responded to this mandate with the development of a National Digital Economy Policy and Strategy, which was unveiled by the President in November 2019. The strategy identifies eight (8) critical pillars namely; Developmental Regulation, Digital Literacy and Skills, Solid Infrastructure, Service Infrastructure, Digital Services Development & Promotion, Soft Infrastructure, Digital Society & Emerging Technologies and Indigenous Content Promotion & Adoption. The development of the Solid Infrastructure pillar forms the main focus of this Plan. Therefore, the nation faces an urgent imperative to deploy a new Broadband Plan in line with these objectives, which have been proven in other countries to make a significant contribution to lifting citizens out of poverty. The new Broadband Plan is designed to deliver data download speeds across Nigeria of a minimum 25Mbps in urban areas, and 10Mbps in rural areas, with effective coverage available to at least 90% of the population by 2025 at a price not more than N390 per 1GB of data (i.e. 2% of median income or 1% of minimum wage). In order to achieve these ambitious targets, the plan is focused on recommendations in 4 critical pillars as shown in Fig 1.1:  Infrastructure  Policy  Demand Drivers  Funding & Incentives Fig 1.1: Nigerian National Broadband Plan These objectives are detailed within the plan with priority initiatives highlighted in Table 1.0 below. Table 1.0 Priority Initiatives No. Pillar Initiative 1 Infrastructure Critical National Infrastructure (CNI) – Issuance of Executive Order to Declare Telecoms infrastructure as CNI and full implementation of Plan 2 Infrastructure Establish a coordinating body for Fibre Builds – to ensure open access, prevent overlap and facilitate RoW issuance at statutory rates 3 Infrastructure Satellite – Leverage existing NIGCOMSAT infrastructure to reach unserved/rural areas 4 Infrastructure/ Policy Implement and enforce national uniform RoW charges for fibre builds at a rate of N145/m and ensure Open Access/Accounting Separation 5 Policy Base Station Site Acquisition – Work with States to implement One-stop Shop to accelerate approvals and harmonize fees

Page 11

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 11 | 100 No. Pillar Initiative 6 Policy Spectrum: Ensure efficient use of Spectrum; Use it or Lose It Policy, Open and transparent spectrum planning including TV White Space deployment for broadband 7 Funding / Demand Drivers Affordability - Incentivize low cost smart phone devices and promote local assembly /manufacturing of Telecom network and end device components. 8 Funding/ Demand Drivers Co-ordinate Government spending, Schemes and Programs to ensure access in public institutions e.g. schools, hospitals and MDAs In an environment of constrained Government spending and significant expenditures focused on electricity and other infrastructure areas of the economy, the plan relies on being led and funded by the private sector to ensure its realization, coupled with appropriate incentives from Government. This would require better alignment of interests between industry players and the Government to achieve optimal success. Government will be required to provide necessary incentives to private sector players and to create a more enabling environment for existing operators and potential new investors to drive additional investment into broadband infrastructure and services in the country. Some of these efforts are already underway with progress towards the finalization of the Executive Order on Critical National Infrastructure Protection being quite advanced and significant positive engagement between the Honourable Minister of Communications & Digital Economy and the Nigerian Governors Forum on agreeing to hold RoW fees at N145/linear meter, contrary to the prevailing non-uniform fee regimes. Nonetheless, the plan remains ambitious given the Capital requirements estimated at a range of $3.5- $5 Billion to achieve effective execution over the five year period of 2020 – 2025 and can only be achieved if Government and Private sector align and harmonize activities regarding spending and incentives to achieve optimal results. This plan has been developed with the commitment of a wide range of Nigerians with expertise across the public and private sector and assistance from global institutions and industry partners. The plan also draws on the experience of over 150 countries who have developed similar plans which have been made available in the public domain, as well as significant work by the World Bank, the UN Broadband Commission, ITU and GSMA to assist countries in the development of their broadband plans. The committee thanks the President, His Excellency Muhammadu Buhari, GCFR and the HM FMoCDE, Dr. Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami for the opportunity to make this contribution towards ensuring that every Nigerian will have access to a minimum of 10 Mbps broadband connectivity services at a price not more than N390 per 1GB of data (2% of median income or 1% of minimum wage) by 2025. Diligent implementation and adoption of an effective governance framework will ensure the realization of this plan.

Page 12

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 12 | 100 2 BACKGROUND ON NIGERIA: ECONOMY, TELECOMS AND BROADBAND Nigeria is the largest economy in Africa, with a nominal GDP as at Q4 2019 of approximately USD 445 Billion, accounting for about 20% of continental GDP, and a disproportionate 75% of the West African economy. Across the continent, Nigeria is followed by South Africa and Egypt at USD 371 Billion and USD 300 Billion respectively [ADB]. The country’s economy is currently witnessing a period of slow growth, having gone through a major recession and currency devaluation arising from lower oil export prices in 2016. Nigeria is seeking to diversify its earnings away from over dependence on oil thus significant investments are being made in agriculture and infrastructure in line with its Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) that seeks to accelerate growth in the economy and to reduce chronic rates of unemployment. However, with an estimated population growth rate of 2.5%, much higher GDP growth rates will be required in order to lift 100 Million Nigerians out of poverty within 10 years in line with the President’s commitment. Nigeria’s GDP growth rate was 2.55% (Q4, 2019 NBS) Fig 2.1 and growth targets will need to rise to a significant percentage above inflation which has historically been in the low double digits in order to drive improved economic outcomes. Fig 2.1: Nigeria’s 2019 Real GDP Growth. Source: NBS Nigeria’s current population is estimated to be about 203 million according to the United Nations (UN), and this accounts for about 47% of West Africa’s population. The country’s population continues to grow at a higher rate than the global average and is forecasted to grow from its current position as the world’s 7th to the 3rd most populous country, approaching 400 Million people by 2050 as shown in Fig 2.2 below. Nigeria also has the largest youth population in Africa and 43% between ages of 0–14 (Fig 2.3). Unemployment is measured at 23% and youth unemployment at 55% per NBS 2018. 2.7%-1.6%0.8%1.9%2.5%2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Page 13

Page 14

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 14 | 100 With the power of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and its ability to transform quality of life and provide opportunities for the large, unemployed youth population, the country is uniquely positioned to reap a positive dividend from its population if it is able to harness the benefits of growing its Digital economy. This adoption of a strategy to leverage Digital Technology for national economic development led the President to expand the role of the Minister of Communications to include the Digital Economy in October 2019. This strategy also recognizes that with the growing contribution of (ICT) to Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), having risen to 13.9% at the end of Q3 2019; the sector is well positioned to create jobs and bring about the rapid transformation of the economy. Already, it is recognized that the Digital Economy will have broad sectoral impact as depicted in Fig 2.4 below. Fig 2.4: Sectors impacted by Digital Economy. Source: World Bank Digital Diagnostic for Nigeria 2019 In November 2019, President Muhammadu Buhari launched the National Digital Economy Policy and Strategy for a Digital Nigeria. The strategy is based on 8 key pillars aligned with the Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) for the realization of a Digital Nigeria as shown in Fig. 2.5 below. One of the key pillars in the plan, is the development of Solid Infrastructure through the deployment of fixed and mobile broadband infrastructure to deepen broadband penetration in the country and drive the growth of an inclusive and vibrant digital economy.

Page 15

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 15 | 100 Fig 2.5: Nigeria’s Digital Economy Policy and Strategy Plan. Source: Ministry of Communications and Digital Economy The Policy thrust is ambitious and acknowledges that in the past few decades, Nigeria has faced an infrastructural deficit in the development of its economy with the inconsistency of electricity supply as a major bottleneck. This challenge continues to be a major inhibitor to economic growth and as the country sets out to grow its Digital Economy, it is acknowldged that power is a constraint that may inhibit achievement of overall plan objectives within the specified timelines. As such efforts to increase and stabilize electricity supply across the country are critical to the realization of this plan. This plan is therefore built upon the optimism that the various efforts currently being made by the Nigerian Government in partnership with recently privatized power generation and distribution companies will yield the desired objective of steady and affordable electricity supply to power the Digital Economy. NIGERIA’S TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR Nigeria's telecommunications sector was fully deregulated in 2001. Prior to this, Nigeria had approximately 450,000 telephone lines provided by the Nigerian Telecommunications Limited (NITEL), and several private licensees operating networks with limited regional scope and services. Liberalization of the sector ushered in a set of Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) operators and the award of the first Digital Mobile Licenses by auction in 2001. According to the EVC/CEO of the NCC, at the Nigerian Telecom Leadership Summit held in May of 2019, the sector had witnessed an unprecedented surge in investments, with over $68 Billion flowing into the sector from 2001 to 2019. Today, the Nigerian telecoms sector has grown to contribute 10.6% to GDP (NCC, Q4 2019), driven largely by four major Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) who provide services to over

Page 16

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 16 | 100 99.5% of 184.7 Million active lines (NCC, December 2019) with 126 Million of those lines (68%), connected to the Internet (2G+/3G/4G). In addition to these four major operators, the country has an additional number of specialised service providers – Internet Service Providers (ISPs), Private network operators, International Gateway Providers, Value Added Services companies, and Tower companies actively participating in the sector and providing services across the telecoms value chain. The 184.7 million mobile subscriptions as at December 2019 were distributed across the networks of MTN, Globacom, Airtel and 9Mobile, each having 37.31%, 28.05%, 27.23% and 7.41% market share respectively as shown in Fig 2.6. The market opportunity has continued to grow year-on-year over the past decade and is projected to continue to grow, though with compressed margins, based on the country’s strong demographics and increased broadband penetration. Private investments in the sector have shifted from the deployment of 2G coverage, which currently stands at 89%, towards 3G and increasingly 4G coverage at 74% and 37% respectively, according to the NCC.

Page 17

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 17 | 100 CURRENT BROADBAND PENETRATION In 2013, Nigeria developed its first National Broadband plan to cover the 5-year period through 2018. At the inception of the plan, internet penetration and broadband services were enjoying a period of fast growth coming off the issuance of 3G licenses in 2007, and the landing of several submarine cables in Nigeria between 2010 and 2013 (MainOne, Glo1 and WACS). The plan established the objective of achieving a five-fold increase in broadband penetration from the 6% rate in 2012 with download speeds specified at a minimum of 1.5 Mbps. Current broadband penetration rates of 37.8% indicate the objective was achieved as measured in terms of 3G and 4G connections divided by total population. Mobile broadband connections account for approximately 99.8% of the broadband base while fixed connections are at 0.2%. Effective user rates for broadband penetration are less than the stated 37.8% which is impacted by factors including the large number of subscribers with multiple SIM cards. In terms of actual connected users, GSMA Intelligence data based on a Q4 2019 survey of a representative sample of the population, suggests that Nigeria’s unique mobile Internet penetration (3G and above) stands at 32% or 65 Million individual users against a total mobile internet subscription base of 125 Million. While broadband penetration has increased in Nigeria with the deployment of 3G and 4G coverage, the results achieved in terms of end user adoption has not matched expectations due to a variety of reasons, according to GSMA, including access to and affordability of smartphone devices, quality of service and speed, access to such services beyond major urban areas, access available via public institutions i.e. schools, hospitals and MDAs, limited availability or relevant content and E-government services online, among others. The indicative gap between 3G and 4G coverage rates and adoption based on research by GSMA is shown in Fig 2.7 below. Fig 2.7: Nigeria 3G & 4G Network Coverage vs 3G & 4G Adoption/Subscription chart Source: GSMA 2019

Page 18

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 18 | 100 2.1 BROADBAND DEPLOYMENT STATUS In order to assess the current state of broadband infrastructure capacity in Nigeria today, it is useful to evaluate infrastructure availability against a broadband value chain that categorizes the building blocks for broadband service delivery as the First Mile, Middle Mile and the Last Mile as represented in Fig 2.8 below. Fig 2.8: Three (3) Tier Broadband Architecture Framework. Source: World Bank/NBP Committee A. The First Mile: First mile infrastructure providing international and inter-continental connections to Nigeria are equipped with more than adequate capacity given 6 submarine cables, all landing in Lagos, as well as up to 55 licensed satellite operators delivering services across the country as at January 2020. These services connect Nigeria to neighbouring states where directly accessible, global destinations as well as the internet. This segment has witnessed significant investment and growth in the last decade and the submarine segment is generally acknowledged to have a glut today with over 40Tbps of capacity available on these cables for subscription in Lagos but with less than 10% of that capacity utilized by the total population due to infrastructure limitations across other segments of the value chain. More effective interconnection of these cables will help avert the kind of first mile failures which recently impacted on internet service availability in the country since the existing cables have adequate capacity to provide resiliency in the event

Page 19

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 19 | 100 of failure of any single or multiple cables. As shown in Fig 2.9 below, Africa appears reasonably well covered with adequate capacity sufficient to serve the continent well into the next decade. Fig 2.9: World Deep-Sea Backbone connection Source: FCC B & C. The National Backbone (National Backbone/Core/Distribution Network) and Middle Mile: The middle mile consists of the National backbone, Core and Distribution Network links, which brings the internet closer to communities in Nigeria for wider distribution, featuring proprietary fibre-optic and microwave networks owned by various operators, including the MNOs, National long distance Operators (NLDOs) and government agencies. Total backbone and middle-mile fibre distance deployed in the country is approximately 54,000 kilometres, largely backhauling traffic between major cities with significant duplication of routes across service providers as shown in the fibre route map Fig. 2.10.

Page 20

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 20 | 100 Fig 2.10: Map of Nigeria Fibre Network Routes Q4, 2019 Source: NCC Map is based on data submitted by Network Operators as at Q4, 2019 with exception of Suburban, BCN and 21st Century According to NCC, Nigeria’s fibre links are mainly owned by the MNOs, as shown above, with other players serving niche areas in terms of coverage, and one major network previously owned by Multilinks not effectively accounted for. Metro fibre networks currently account for less than 25% of the total fibre distances in the country with concentration in major cities such as Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt, and within Edo and Ogun states, while other areas remain unserved or underserved. Access of fibre networks within 5 kilometres of the population currently stands at an average of approximately 39% reach, with a high of 85% in Lagos State and a low of 12% in Jigawa State as shown in Fig 2.11 below. Last mile FTTx connection rate is low and Fibre to the Tower connection rates are also low in comparison to other African countries.

Page 21

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 21 | 100 Fig 2.11: Chart of % of Population within 5Km of Fibre Reach in each Nigerian State Source: HIP Consult A large volume of traffic within the middle mile networks is still backhauled using microwave equipment today. While this type of backhaul was adequate for narrow-band voice communications, it is no longer adequate for the effective delivery of video and bandwidth-intensive broadband applications driving current demand. The need to make fibre-optics the de-facto means of backhauling traffic within middle-mile networks cannot be overemphasized, for the effective deployment of broadband networks. D. The Last Mile: Last mile connectivity in Nigeria is largely mobile with comparatively lower investments made in fixed lines infrastructure within the past two decades. Mobile coverage across Nigeria grew upon the issuance of DML licenses to operators that initially deployed 2G technology to provide voice services and effectively covering greater than 89% of Nigeria’s population today. Demand for internet access and availability of spectrum has stimulated the growth in 3G services which covers about 75% of the population. 4G deployments have been limited to deployments in the major urban areas within the past 3 years and are currently available to approximately 37% of Nigeria’s population. The maps below, (Fig 2.12-2.14), show the network coverage and indicate that even with 3G coverage most areas of the country are only being served by one of the operators while 4G remains sparse beyond the very largest urban areas and state capitals.

Page 22

Page 23

Page 24

Page 25

Page 26

Page 27

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 27 | 100 Broadband Services Affordability Broadband affordability in Nigeria has significantly improved with aggressive competition for increasing internet services revenue among the major operators. These developments have resulted in the achievement, in 2019, of pricing at approximately N1,000 ($2.78) for 1GB of data or 1.78% of average GDP/Capita in line with the global benchmark for affordability set by the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) and the UN Broadband Commission “1 for 2” target for the availability of 1GB of data at no more than 2% of average monthly income. The challenge with this affordability benchmark in Nigeria’s context is, given high income disparities, the median monthly income of N19,460 ($54) is much lower than average income levels of N60,000 ($167) per month. Thus, internet bundles at these price points remain largely unaffordable for the majority of Nigerians. As a result, services will need to become less expensive for the 100 Million Nigerians living below the median to afford broadband services. Fig 2.18: Nigeria’s Broadband Affordability A4AI Report 2019 Source: A4AI Fig 2.18 above shows Nigeria’s affordability relative to countries in a similar income group. Nigeria ranks 28th (out of 99 countries surveyed) on the 2019 Affordability Drivers Index (ADI), a composite measure of the drivers of internet affordability focused on infrastructure and access, though services remain unaffordable for majority of the population living at relatively low-income levels. According to A4AI, of the countries among A4AI’s pricing data, covering the most affordable internet (as % of income) the top 6 countries are Sri Lanka, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, India, Turkey and Egypt, with two of the countries appearing in the chart above. 2.780.754.1910.372.211.181.7%0.45%3.1%2.17%3.39%0.5%024681012Nigeria India Kenya South Africa Rwanda EgyptPrice in USD Price in USD as a % of Avg Income

Page 28

Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 28 | 100 2.2 REVIEW OF UNSERVED AREAS AND ACCESS GAPS Broadband coverage to unserved areas is critical to ensure delivery of quality internet services and to provide access to enhanced economic and social opportunities such as financial inclusion, and access to government services including security agencies for every Nigerian. Key access gaps have been addressed through intervention programs implemented to ensure the unserved (no operator present) and underserved (areas with only one operator) receive the benefits of broadband connectivity, but there is more to be achieved. In 2013, 207 clusters were unserved per USPF; by Q4, 2019 this number had been reduced to 114 and was achieved via USPF support in providing funding for connectivity to 93 unserved clusters over 6 years. Fig 2.19 below shows the 2019 status of areas with coverage in white and those still unserved in shades of brown. The list of 114 still unserved clusters can be found in Appendix 7.2.1 Figure 2.19: USPF Unserved Population Cluster Map Q4 2019. Unserved population clusters based on average of 5km radius baseline from the nearest base station validated by drive test

Page 29

Page 30

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 30| 100 3 CURRENT STATUS 3.1 REVIEW OF 2013 – 2018 PLAN Plan Objective The 2013 – 2018 Nigerian Broadband Plan laid out a strategy to provide broadband access across the country by establishing enabling policies and enacting necessary regulatory and developmental measures. The plan also sought to address barriers to expanding services to unserved areas across the nation over its 5 year span. Implementation and Adoption The roadmap for the implementation of the 2013-2018 plan highlighted nine (9) key categories to be delivered over the 5-year period by specific agencies of government and licensees. A Broadband Council was established under the then Ministry of Communication Technology (now Ministry of Communications and Digital Economy), to monitor, evaluate and fine tune implementation of the plan where necessary. While certain elements of the plan were implemented and the overall target set for penetration was achieved, adoption of the plan was limited. The status of the Plan’s key activities at the end of the 5-year period is summarised below. Table 3.1 Current status of implementation: 2013-2018 NNBP ITEM DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBILITY TIMELINE STATUS/COMMENTS Policy and Regulation Define the open access framework and secure RoW Waivers with states FMCT, NCC 2013 Infraco policy rolled out but unsuccessful as incumbent operators were not involved. Enable expedited RoW permits for the rapid rollout of base stations FMCT, State Govts, FMoW States did not grant RoW Declare Critical National Infrastructure National Assembly, State Govts Cybercrime Act 2015 passed. HM FMoCDE working on implementation and enforcement of current laws License new operators as required NCC Required to achieve plan objectives

Page 31

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 31| 100 ITEM DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBILITY TIMELINE STATUS/COMMENTS Enabling Infrastructure Interconnect National and Regional Long-Distance Operators FMCT, NCC, FMoP Licensees 2013 Interconnection is not an issue. Open access has not happened as anticipated Incentivise rollout of fibre infrastructure FGN, NCC, State Govts 2013- 2014 Not much fibre growth achieved. Fibre is being over built in already served areas Agree 3G Rollout Target implementation with operators NCC, Licensees 2013 No specific target set Publish plan for freeing up more Spectrum for LTE rollout NFMC, NCC, NBC 2013 No plan published Conduct spectrum licensing for LTE in 2.5GHz, and 2.6GHz bands NCC 2014-2015 Some spectrum released Release spectrum on the sub-40GHz bands for mobile backhaul NCC, NFMC 2014-2015 Deferred due to ITU consideration Not released to industry. Agree Financial Incentives for achieving rollout targets FMCT, NCC, MoFI, Licensees USPF subsidies provided for 86 BTS Agree Funding Options for accelerating broadband Infrastructure rollout FMCT, NCC, USPF, MoFI Infraco incentives defined but not yet implemented. USPF incentive structures for rural coverage not attractive because of focus on CAPEX and not OPEX Costing & Pricing Agree cost-based lease pricing model and implement agreed wholesale price caps NCC, Licensees 2013 Department of Policy, Competition and Economic Analysis of the NCC is working on a wholesale pricing study for completion in 2020

Page 32

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 32| 100 ITEM DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBILITY TIMELINE STATUS/COMMENTS Agree Plan to review the cost of acquiring spectrum licenses NFMC, NCC No specific action taken was identified. Action pending with NCC. Funding & Investment Agree Financial Incentives for achieving rollout targets 2013 USPF subsidies provided for 86 BTS Agree Funding Options for accelerating broadband Infrastructure rollout FMCT, NCC, USPF, MOFI Infraco incentives defined but not yet implemented. USPF incentive structures for rural coverage not attractive because of focus on CAPEX and not OPEX Driving Demand Set up Public Access Points and ICT Training Centres NITDA, USPF, DBI, State Govts 2014 Various initiatives undertaken but sustainability has been an issue Educate women on the use and benefits of ICT FMCT, NCC, USPF Affordability is an issue Interconnect all Internet Exchange Points NITDA, NCC Completed but upgrade required Connect all universities GBB, NUC, FMCT,USPF In Progress but not sustained due to Op-Ex challenges in funding sustained bandwidth and power. Connect schools, colleges and hospitals State Govts, NCC, USPF Limited progress and no formal program defined. No structures to manage or drive towards targets Incentivise OEM sub $30 smart phone devices NCC, Local Manufacturers No specific action taken Building Fibre Infrastructure Build Metro fibre networks in all the major cities and state capitals Licensees, State Govts 2014 Overlapping fibre being built by operators on the same route. All but one State capital has at least one fibre connection Incentivise building of last mile wire line infrastructure to homes, NCC, Licensees No specific structures put in place to drive standards

Page 33

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 33| 100 ITEM DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBILITY TIMELINE STATUS/COMMENTS estates, and commercial premises Extend international cable landing points to other coastal states FMCT, NCC, Licensees No specific action taken Wireless Broadband Infrastructure Upgrade and Expansion Phase 1 All new cell sites to be LTE compatible Licensees 2014 No specific action Spread 3G to at least 50% of the population NCC, Licensees 2015 This has been achieved Complete Digital Dividend spectrum migration Licensees, NBC, NCC Partial assignments achieved; spectrum to be fully cleared in certain cities Release more spectrum for LTE NFMC, NCC Some spectrum released but more required by major operators Wireless Broadband Infrastructure Upgrade & Expansion Phase 2 Spread 3G/LTE to at least 70% of the population Licensees, NCC 2017 74.2% of 3G was achieved as at September 2019 Wireless Broadband Infrastructure Upgrade & Expansion Phase 3 Spread 3G/LTE to at least 80% of the population Licensees, NCC 2018 This is yet to be achieved

Page 34

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 34| 100 3.2 GLOBAL BENCHMARKS In determining the targets for the next phase of Nigeria’s broadband journey, a global benchmarking of national broadband plans and targets was conducted with cognizance of country size and economic indices in context of the goals set for speed, coverage, penetration and affordability of broadband. As indicated in previous sections, Nigeria is currently lagging other countries with similar income levels i.e. Egypt, India and Ghana in terms of Internet penetration rates, and also lags behind these countries and Kenya in terms of the relative proportion of mobile broadband connections. In particular 4G coverage is only available in major cities and state capitals with less than 40% coverage of the population as at Q4, 2019 (NCC). In addition, current download speeds for Nigeria rank behind other countries in Africa with recent average mobile download speeds of 2.7Mbps as measured by Measurement-Lab (M-Lab) versus Kenya at 5 Mbps and South Africa at 4.1 Mbps respectively as shown in Fig 3.2 below. Figure 3.2: Mean Internet Download Speed 2019 Source: M-Lab In benchmarking the digital economy, the Network Readiness Index (NRI), maps the network-based readiness landscape of 121 economies based on their performances across 4 Pillars and 62 indicators (Fig 3.22). The index measures the propensity for countries to exploit the opportunities offered by information and communications technology (ICT) and is published in collaboration with INSEAD, as part of their annual Global Information Technology Report (GITR). 1.561.623.23.347.628.4NigeriaEgyptGhanaRwandaKenyaSouth AfricaMean Download Speed (Mbps)

Page 35

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 35| 100 The report is regarded as a comprehensive assessment of how ICT impacts the competitiveness and well-being of nations and the results provide an indication of the gap that Nigeria needs to close in order to attain a competitive digital economy. Sweden, Singapore and the Netherlands are ranked 1, 2 and 3 with scores of 82.65, 82.13 and 81.78 respectively. In the African region Mauritius leads with a score of 53 (Rank 53), South Africa scored 47 (Rank 72), Egypt scored 39 (Rank 92), while Nigeria scored 28 and (Ranked 111) as shown in Fig 3.21 below. Figure 3.21: Network Readiness Index Country Comparison 2019 Source: NRI Figure 3.22: Network Readiness Index Model 2019 Source: NRI (Networkreadinessindex.org)

Page 36

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 36| 100 The definition of broadband is also influenced by considerations of the particular technology utilized to deliver services. With over 99% of telecommunication services in Nigeria being delivered via mobile wireless networks, the definition of broadband speeds in the previous and current plan continue to be constrained by limitations in the wide scale deployment of 4G and 5G broadband technologies. In addition to addressing the requirements for pervasive broadband across Nigeria, this plan makes provision for future deployment of fixed technologies, which are currently available solely in high net worth urban areas. Fixed infrastructure will also be required to support the 4th Industrial Revolution applications including Smart City, IoT, Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous vehicles and other advanced technologies. Based on the services available online and usage patterns today, the broadband definition of 1.5 Mbps in the previous plan is viewed as inadequate to meet the requirements now and going forward into 2025. This plan defines broadband as the availability of download speeds at a minimum of 10Mbps in rural areas and a minimum of 25Mbps in urban areas by the end of the plan period in 2025. This plan targets the full deployment of 4G LTE networks since the already existing 2G and 3G services are unable to achieve these kinds of download speeds with large populations. Another particular area of focus is the need for denser fibre-ization, to aggregate fibre from base stations and across metro areas, backhaul traffic across the country and interconnects with content in data centres. To date, fibre density in Nigeria remains particularly low with approximately 10% of base stations connected to fibre and majority of the fibre networks over-built on the same routes. The continued reliance on narrowband microwave links remain a limiting factor in terms of aggregate capacity and stability of mobile networks especially in a challenging electricity supply environment. Denser metro fibre networks will also provide the essential building blocks for future Fibre-To-The-X networks.

Page 37

Page 38

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 38| 100 4 TARGETS & TIMELINES FOR 2020 - 2025 The 2020 – 2025 NNBP Committee charted a pragmatic and feasible path forward for the country with measurable, achievable targets for broadband speed, coverage, penetration and affordability as key indices. Broadband Definition: The 2020 – 2025 plan defines broadband as connectivity delivering a minimum of 10 Mbps in rural areas and a minimum of 25 Mbps in urban areas to every Nigerian at an affordable price and quality by 2025. Further definitions of key areas in Table 4.1 below can be found in Appendix 7.0. Table 4.1 2020 -2025 Nigerian National Broadband Targets No. Key Area Details Indices Targets (2025) 1 Coverage of Population Individuals 4G1 4G/5G mobile at 90% population coverage 2 Speed Urban Minimum Download speed2,3 10Mbps by 2023 25 Mbps by 2025 Rural Minimum Download speed 5Mbps by 2023 10 Mbps by 2025 3 Penetration Number of connected individuals Youth > 15yrs and Adults 70% of eligible individuals 4 Fibre Reach Schools Ensure Fibre build such that institutions are within 5km of fibre manhole or with a fixed connection 100% Tertiary Institutions4 50% Secondary Schools 25% Primary Schools Health Facilities Connecting 1 General or Major Hospital per LGA and Federal Medical centres Local Govts. Build in state capitals and major cities 90% of (774) Local Govts. HQ (secretariat) connected by Fibre. 10% by Satellite / Fixed /Other in hard to reach areas. Fibre to Towers % Towers Connected 60% of Towers Connected Fibre Infrastructure Open access shared Fibre Minimum 120,000km needed. Non overlapping routes. All major roads, Federal + State. Minimum: 90% of LGAs 5 Affordability: Data 1GB for Data over 1 Month “1 for 2” 2% of median income/Capita i.e. 2% of (N19,460/month) @ N360/$1 N390 / 1GB

Page 39

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 39| 100 No. Key Area Details Indices Targets (2025) Cost of Devices Facilitate access to low cost broadband devices Incentivize local manufacture of devices At least 1 locally assembled Smart Device by 2023 Target Price5: <$ 50 (N18,000) by 2023; <$25 (N9,000) by 2025 6 Digital Literacy and Skills Number of Youth & Adults (> 15yrs - World Bank) with basic digital literacy ICT Degrees, Programs, Digital Education in Basic Education System. Target: 60% Digital Literacy in Nigeria by 20256 7 Gender Equality Access to end user devices and data % female mobile internet users compared to men 100% of Women in National Social Investment Programs have Digital Access. Target up to 5 Million women (Closer gender gap from 15% to 10% mobile internet users. A4AI)7 8 Unserved Rural Communities Communities with no connectivity Number of unconnected communities 8 100% of unserved clusters to be covered (2025). This represents the last 10% not covered by 3G/4G targets. Use alternate technologies. e.g. satellite. Foot notes: 1. 4G coverage as a minimum by at least 2 operators 2. The country still aspires to higher speeds in urban areas where 5G services may be deployed at its own pace. 3. Speed measurements to be done using publicly available crowd sourcing platforms and drive tests. 4. Educational institution connection to fibre should be tracked and measured as component of closing Fibre reach gap. 5. Already GSMA is working with major operators, OEMs and stakeholders in Africa and Asia on an RFI with a target of producing a smartphone (3G&4G) for less than $20. 6. UN Digital Literacy Target– 60% Youth and Adults by 2025. Nigeria Adult literacy rate is currently 62% (2020). The long term goal is for Nigeria to get to 95% Digital Literacy by 2030. 7. Five Million Women from these various National Social Investment Programmes (NSIP)i.e. NPower 500,000 ppl; Conditional Cash Transfer 500,000 ppl; Govt. Enterprise and Empowerment Program GEEP 2.2Million ppl, National Social Register 1.8Million ppl. 8. Some form of connectivity within the communities. Underserved means served by only 1 operator The following table 4.2 shows these targets and interim milestones envisioned to achieve the outcomes of the plan.

Page 40

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 40| 100 Table 4.2. Targets, Timelines & Interim Milestones Target Measure Baseline (2020) 2023 2025 1 Coverage of Population Individuals 33% (2/3/4G) 70% 4G 90% 4G Mobile 2 Speed (Minimum) Urban 3 Mbps 15Mbps 25 Mbps Rural 1.5Mbps 5Mbps 10 Mbps 3 Penetration Number of connected individuals Approximately 30% 50% of eligible individuals with Provision for physically challenged 70% of eligible individuals 4 Fibre Reach Schools % of all schools (3 Tiers) Nominal 70% Tertiary 30% Sec. 15% Primary 100% Tertiary Institutions 50% Secondary Schools 25% Primary Schools Health Facilities % of all Major Hospitals Nominal Connecting 80% General/Major Hospitals per LGA and Federal Medical centres Connecting 80% of primary health centres in each LGA. 100% General/Major Hospitals per LGA Local Govts. % of 774 LGAs 473/774 (61%) of LGAs Fixed connection 10Mbps 80% of 774 LGAs 95% of (774) Local Govts. HQ connected by Fibre. 5% by Satellite/Other Fibre to Towers % Towers connected 10% 40% 60% Towers connected Fibre Infrastructure Open access shared Fibre Approx. 40,000km 90,000km 120,000km non- overlapping 5 Affordability : Data (monthly) 2% GNI/Capita/1GB N1000/1GB N700/1GB N390/1GB Cost of Devices Low cost devices Entry level smartphones at approx. $50 (N18,000) At least 1 locally assembled Smart Device by 2023 Target Price <$50 (N18,000) 3 Local assembled Smart Devices Target Price <$25(N9,000) by 2025 6 Digital Literacy % of population 62% Adult Literacy 40% Digital Literacy 60% Digital Literacy 7 Gender Equality Access to end user devices and data 15% Gender Gap (GSMA) 10% Gender Gap +5 Mill Women given access 100% Women in Social security Programs have Digital Access 8 Underserved /Rural Communities % of unserved clusters 114 80% of 114 unserved clusters to be covered 100% Community access or school based access in all areas

Page 41

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 41| 100 5 PILLARS & RECOMMENDATIONS 5.0 INTRODUCTION The recommendations of the 2020 to 2025 National Broadband Plan Committee converged around four distinct pillars: Infrastructure, Policy, Demand Drivers and Funding & Incentives. Fig 5.1. The following sections detail the recommendations going forward for each pillar of development and related initiatives. Figure 5.1 NNBP serving as Pillars upholding the Digital Economy 5.1 INFRASTRUCTURE Infrastructure is at the very core of the success of every National Broadband Plan worldwide. It has also become obvious that one of the challenges hindering broadband penetration and service coverage in the country lies in the glaring infrastructure deficit in the telecommunications sector in Nigeria as a subset of the infrastructure deficit across the Nigerian economy. Most of the infrastructure available seems to be over-provisioned in choice areas, mainly due to overriding commercial considerations of operators in the industry. These challenges have been identified in this report and prescriptive steps have been recommended to address them.

Page 42

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 42| 100 The recommendation of the infrastructure pillar of the proposed National Broadband Plan is focused on building integrated infrastructure that is counter-part funding based, sustainable and resilient to close the gaps in addressing the broadband needs of the country. These recommendations are also geared towards extending broadband services to all unserved and underserved areas in Nigeria. The diligent implementation of these recommendations via a multi-stakeholder approach will give the country a push into economic prosperity and create opportunities for job creation and innovation. Putting the infrastructure in place will drive expanded, quality services and businesses that will influence the GDP positively. TABLE 5.1 INFRASTRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS S/N FOCUS AREAS RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES TIMELINE RESPONSIBLE IMPACT CRITICAL NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION IN-1 Develop CNI Database Broadband Infrastructure Resilience (BIR) Programs- Identify and recommend measures to ensure resilience in the deployment of Broadband Infrastructure through deliberate programmes Identify, classify and designate certain broadband infrastructure as Critical National Infrastructure (CNI): a. Recommend list of broadband infrastructure for presidential order / gazette as CNI. b. Develop comprehensive inventory of broadband infrastructure based on inputs from stake holders. c. Update already existing ONSA (CNI) portal Q3 2020 NCC, Operators, TowerCos ONSA Provides a comprehensive database of Broadband infrastructure to be protected by security agencies. IN-2 Develop CNI Strategy including Enforcing and Penalizing violations. Develop a robust protection plan for broadband infrastructure a. Develop an in-depth strategy for protection of critical broadband infrastructure and enforce consequences for those violating relevant laws. For relevant penalties: Reference the Criminal Justice (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1975 and Cybercrime Act 2015 in Appendices 7.2.1.1 and 7.2.1.2 respectively. b. Develop minimum security architecture for telecom sites for adoption by operators (options to include CCTV, electric fence, fire protection, security guards etc.) Q4 2020 ONSA, NSCDC NCC, Operators, NPF(IGP) Guarantee the physical security of broadband infrastructure.

Page 43

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 43| 100 S/N FOCUS AREAS RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES TIMELINE RESPONSIBLE IMPACT Provide inventory of broadband infrastructure for protection to DCNI at NSCDC Penalize collection of illegal charges, levies and fees on telecommunications and ICTs infrastructure, equipment and devices. Reference Taxes and Levies (Approved list for collection) Act (Amended) 2015) Q2, 2021 as and when necessary (Ongoing) MFBNP, ONSA/Law Enforcement Agencies, NCC, Operators Reduces cost of deployment thereby accelerating rollout of broadband. IN-3 Facilitate Policy on Critical National Infrastructure Facilitate the issuance of an Executive Order by the President, declaring telecoms facilities as Critical National Infrastructure (CNI). Order to refer to description of equipment not list of equipment deployed by each operator. Q3, 2020 FMoCDE, ONSA Protecting telecoms equipment from vandalization, and prevention of disconnection by government officials. Will improve service and stimulate confidence for further investment. IN-4 Establish CNI Database – FEC Intervention Federal MDAs RoW (CNI) To designate all Federal MDAs RoW as Federal Assets & Infrastructure and consolidate into a single public data base made available to ICT service providers. On a Non-exclusive basis at rate of N145 per linear meter to facilitate rapid deployment of BB services. Q3, 2020 FMoCDE, FEC, Ministries of Works, Transportation and Petroleum Facilitates coverage and encourages the efficient use of public resources. IN-5 Prepare National Broadband Protection Report Preparation of periodic national preparedness report on broadband infrastructure protection and resilience. a. Conduct periodic threat and vulnerability assessment of each broadband infrastructure. Develop guidelines/modalities for periodic auditing of broadband infrastructure. Bi-annually FMoCDE, ONSA, NCC, Operators Facilitate monitoring and implementation on protection of broadband infrastructure. IN-6 Broadband Infrastructure Stakeholder Summit Conducting stakeholder-summit towards sensitizing relevant stakeholders in securing broadband infrastructure in the Country. Bi-annually ONSA(chair), NCC (secretariat) Create general awareness amongst security agencies on the need to protect

Page 44

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 44| 100 S/N FOCUS AREAS RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES TIMELINE RESPONSIBLE IMPACT a. Sensitize security agencies on the need for the summit. b. FMoCDE/ONSA/NCC/ to organize and conduct the summit. broadband infrastructure. NATIONAL COMMUNICATION BACKBONE (COORDINATION, OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE CONSORTIUM) IN-7 Establish Broadband Co-ordinating Unit Create a regulatory guideline and establish a coordinating unit of NCC to ensure non-duplication of fibre builds on same routes by various operators Enforce Open Access model with pricing regulations on existing and new fibre builds. Co-ordinate RoW access across various entities to facilitate approved builds. Q3 2020 NCC Elimination of duplicate investments, overlaps and achievement of Dig Once Policy. Promote enforcement of N145/m RoW by aligning interests between MNOs to remove opportunity for arbitrage with various government agencies. IN-8 Open Access Consortium IN-7 is deemed a priority implementation in advancing a robust national fibre backbone network. Alternative models to achieving the deployment of 120,000 km target by 2025 such as a consortium fibre build model should also be considered with wide stakeholder engagement to arrive at a workable solution that ensures the objectives of IN-7 are achieved. Recommended incentives for creation of the Consortium:  RoW waivers (National & State including FMoW, NRC, NIWA etc.)  Fibre and associated electronics Duty waivers for new build only  Pioneer status, tax waivers  Other applicable incentives Q4, 2020 Operators, MNOs FMoCDE, NCC,MPR, NRC, FMP National Fibre coverage to every local govt. area including less commercially viable areas with increased fibre to the tower and public venues. Elimination of duplicate investments, overlaps and achievement of Dig Once Policy. Promote enforcement of N145/m RoW by aligning interests between MNOs to remove opportunity for arbitrage with

Page 45

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 45| 100 S/N FOCUS AREAS RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES TIMELINE RESPONSIBLE IMPACT a. Issuance of Framework for consortium -sharing of capacity of Fibre cable. b. Deployment of National Self-Healing Optical Fibre Network in six (6) geopolitical zones of the country. c. Co-ordinate redundancy and interconnection between fibre and microwave at points of failure. Connect at least one (1) Optical Fibre link to each of the 774 L.G.As in Nigeria. MNOs, NCC MNOs, NCC FMoCDE, NCC, NRC FMoCDE, NCC various government agencies. IN-9 Implement Open Access & Separation of Accounting Implementation and Enforcement of the “OPEN ACCESS MODEL” and Wholesale price regulation/Accounting Separation a. Explicitly define Open Access Policy guideline b. Ensure all fibre is open access to other operators with price regulation c. Implement accounting separation to eliminate cross-subsidy of wholesale services with large retail operations Q2, 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Q4 2020 FMoCDE, NCC. FCCPC NCC NCC NCC National Fibre Coverage, Affordability NATIONAL COMMUNICATION BACKBONE (INFRACOS) IN-10 National Backbone - InfraCos Finalise counter-part funding for INFRACO off take. a. Implement additional 38,000km of metro fibre cable infrastructure nationwide in 2 Phases;  Phase 1: To deploy the fibre infrastructure to the Unserved areas.  Phase 1 deployment to be incentivized by granting counterpart funding upfront as areas are less viable commercially. Q3, 2020 FMoCDE, NCC INFRACOs National Fibre coverage to every local govt. area including less commercially viable areas with increased fibre to the tower and public venues. Elimination of duplicate investments, overlaps and

Page 46

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 46| 100 S/N FOCUS AREAS RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES TIMELINE RESPONSIBLE IMPACT  Phase 2: To take care of the remaining areas; the Underserved with funding based on milestones achieved and verified before payment is effected. b. Deployment of 100Gbps backbone capacity connectivity to the 36 states of the Federation. c. Deployment of POA @10Gbps connectivity to the 774 L.G.As in the country. Review technical spec of POA at point of rolling out. d. Review existing INFRACO model and engage Tower Cos to terminate PoA to BTS where applicable. achievement of Dig Once Policy. REGIONAL METRO NETWORKS AND LAST MILE ACCESS IN-11 Metro and Last Mile Sharing & Building Codes Promote FTTx (x=[b]uilding, [c]urb, [t]ower and [h]ome) network infrastructure sharing as Last mile solution that adopts ‘dig-once’ policy. Review Building Regulations (National Building Codes) to incorporate FTTB and FTTH provision in all new corporate and public building, residential estates and businesses. Q3 2020 Q4 2020 FMoCDE, ALTON, ATCON, NCC, FMW&H, State Govts. FMW&H Most effective and future proof Last-mile approach in combination with Wireless configurations (indoors). QoS and CoS improvements = improved Customer Experience NATIONAL INTERGRATED INTERNET EXCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE/LOCALISATION OF INTERNET TRAFFIC IN-12 Internet Exchange : Upgrade & Localise Traffic a. Encourage expansion of the backbone link capacity between the IXPs b. Establish an IXP presence in the North East of Nigeria c. Creation of Route Redundancy for all IXPs in Nigeria. d. Localise 80% of Internet Traffic in Nigeria with the Internet Exchange Points. Q3 2020 Q4 2021 Q3 2022 Q4 2022 NCC (Funded by NCC & NITDA) IXPN See footnote on local traffic below this table. INTERNATIONAL SUBMARINE CABLE LANDING AND EXTENTION INCOUNTRY

Page 47

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 47| 100 S/N FOCUS AREAS RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES TIMELINE RESPONSIBLE IMPACT IN-13 Submarine Cable Landing Resiliency a. NCC to develop a Submarine Landing Station Regulation to address the issue of redundancy and resilience on Submarine cables. Each Operator to have a resiliency plan against fibre cuts including providing redundancy on peer submarine cables. b. Creation of 100% Route redundancy for all Submarine cables landings in Nigeria to be incentivised with counterpart funding c. Develop regulations to enable Open Access sharing of submarine landing capacity to improve network resilience d. Creation of new landings for international submarine cables outside Lagos (e.g. Akwa Ibom, Cross River, Rivers, Delta, Edo, Bayelsa etc.) with funding support e. Define stakeholders’ responsibility for the protection of submarine cable routes on the shores. Q1 2021 Q2, 2021 Q1, 2021 Q1, 2022 Q4, 2020 NCC, ASCON FMoCDE, ASCON, CBN NCC FMoCDE Operators, CBN ASCON, NIMASA, NPA, NAVY, ONSA, NIA. National Preparedness for Network Disaster Recovery INTEGRATED NATIONAL SATELLITE INFRASTRUCTURE DEPLOYMENT IN-14 National Satellite Broadband Deployment Leverage on the existing NIGCOMSAT Space segment capacity and Broadband shared service infrastructure in C, Ku and Ka-band, with funding support from USPF Rural Broadband initiative (RUBI) and NITDA Fund for ICT development to : (a) Deploy broadband/internet services up to 10Mbps per site to over 3,000 cluster groups: Providing connectivity to Schools, Community Telecentres, and hospitals in the difficult to reach areas. Q3 2020 FMoCDE, NIGCOMSAT, USPF, NITDA, GBB To accelerate broadband penetration to the rural and difficult to reach areas and ensure rapid even spread

Page 48

Page 49

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 49| 100 5.2 POLICY Well-conceived policy and regulatory prescriptions are fundamental to the optimal rollout and uptake of broadband services. This will attract investments by incumbent and aspiring service providers and ensure transparency in the regulatory process. Such an environment favours all stakeholders: government gets to meet its developmental objectives, service providers enjoy a favourable business environment for profitability and subscribers get to enjoy good and innovative services. Harmonized Right of Way/Site Acquisition policies and an enabling environment for constructing and protecting broadband infrastructure will greatly accelerate the rollout of broadband services. Spectrum is a scarce commodity which when inefficiently utilized greatly limits broadband coverage and speeds due to artificial constraints. Efficient use of spectrum, right of way, site acquisition policies, availability of infrastructure and market efficiency are some of the issues addressed by the policy and regulatory pillar. For optimal use of spectrum, licensees have the obligation of the Use it or Lose It Policy. Licensees may also leverage the subsisting Spectrum Trading guidelines, however idle high demand spectrum does a disservice to poorly served populations and should be released for effective use as may be required For the purpose of this exercise, tasks have been assigned to relevant Ministries, Regulatory agencies, Parastatals as well as to State Governments, noting the relevance of the latter in the federal structure of government that obtains in Nigeria. The service providers are equally expected to facilitate the attainment of the aspirations of policy integration with State governments by demonstrating buy-in through definite interventions. Table 5.2. RECOMMENDATIONS ON POLICY AND REGULATION S/N FOCUS AREA RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES TIMELINE RESPONSIBLE IMPACT RIGHT OF WAY - FEC/NEC INTERVENTIONS P-1 Implement National Standardized RoW Fees - NEC/FEC Top-level engagement directly driven by the Hon. Minister with the Vice President, (NEC chairman) and the Nigeria Governors Forum to negotiate the implementation of the N145 per linear meter RoW fees resolution in all 36 states. Develop a framework to encourage operators to collaborate and stay within the agreed RoW fee of N145N/m. Q3, 2020 HM FMoCDE, NEC,FEC,NCC NCC Get state governors buy-in to the streamlined (reduced) RoW charges. Unimpeded fibre roll out in the states. P-2 Incentivize RoW with USPF/Social Funds - NEC/FEC Adopt an approach to incentivize the implementation of State’s adoption of N145/Linear Meter for Right of Way. (e.g. rewarding states with USPF social intervention projects around security, health and education) Q3, 2020 Federal Executive Council/NEC Cost reduction of, and encourage the deployment of shared

Page 50

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 50| 100 Non-compliant states should be denied government interventions. FMoCDE, NCC, NITDA, GBB broadband fibre infrastructure. INFRASTRUCTURE ASSET SHARING P-3 Federal Infrastructure Asset Sharing Guidelines To leverage all Federal Infrastructure assets (street lights, buildings, etc.) and make available to ICT service providers to facilitate rapid deployment of BB services. Guidelines for such approvals need to be developed and include the following conditions:  Issuance to licensed operators with specific service deployment plans only  Plans must allow for sharing with other service providers  Any such rights granted will be subject to a “use it or lose it” mandate within a specified period Q3, 2020 FMoCDE, FMW&H NCC, FCTA Facilitates increased coverage and encourages the efficient use of public resources. DUCTS DEPLOYMENT POLICY P-4 Duct Network Development/Dig Once Policy Adopt the “Dig Once”1 policy across the country. (Definition Appendix 7.0 No. 31) Integrate policy framework with NCC coordinating body supervising fibre builds. Develop a policy that will ensure that provision for ducts are incorporated in road designs. Develop a framework that will encourage State &Local Governments to build/provide for ducts along community roads. Q4, 2020 FMoCDE, NCC, FMW&H National Council of Works Facilitate the delivery of broadband services to unserved and underserved areas. Entrench the “Dig Once” policy and ensures that cables laid along roads are better protected. P-5 Fixed Internet Services – FTTB Ducts Regulation To develop and enforce regulations that will ensure the provision of fibre ducts in all building plans. Q4, 2020 FMW&H, Urban Developmen/Development Control Agencies at Federal and States level. Availability of fixed broadband services to homes and offices. TOWER DEPLOYMENT POLICIES P-6 Site Acquisition: One-stop Shop Approvals Requirement for each State to establish a One- stop shop to deal with site approval/permitting process & issues rapidly. Q4,2020 FMoCDE, NCC Coverage, Penetration, Speedy rollout of broadband services P-7 Site Acquisition Permits Intervention : Define guidelines for smart and aesthetic solutions to address the reluctance of the FCTA and planning authorities in major cities like Lagos Q4,2020 Site Acquisition Permits Accelerate issuance of

Page 51

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 51| 100 Federal Capital Territory and other major cities and Port Harcourt to issue necessary site build permits. Intervention : Federal Capital Territory and other major cities necessary site build permits. P-8 Harmonize Process and Establish uniform framework for Tower Related Taxes, levies, import duties & fees HM FMoCDE /EVC NCC to engage the Joint Tax Board (under the FIRS) to motivate for an Order amending the Taxes and Levies Act of 2015 as applicable to towers as follows: a. List out the taxes related to telecommunications towers b. Adopt a uniform approach to the tower related taxes determined under (a) above. c. Require each State to establish a one stop shop for the payment of tower related taxes. Ensure improved co-ordination and harmonized taxes through awareness creation of the strategic importance of Telecoms infrastructure to socio-economic development in order to avoid multiple and conflicting regulations and charges across Govt. agencies. Q4, 2020 Q2, 2021 as & when necessary (Ongoing) HM FMoCDE / EVC NCC, Minister of Finance on the advice of the Joint Tax Board. FIRS FMoCDE, FMFBNP, FMT, FMW&H, JTB, NCC, USPF, NIWA, NRC, State & Local Govts. Quick and speedy roll out of broadband services. P-9 Accelerate Telecoms Equipment Import Clearance HM FMoCDE, EVC, NSA and CG Customs to get the NCC, ONSA and DSS to develop a framework that will ensure the processing and issuance of EUC within 45 days. Accelerate telecommunications equipment import clearance process which now requires an End User Certificate (EUC) to be attested to by ONSA and DSS separately. Q1, 2021 HM FMoCDE /EVC NCC, ONSA, DSS Timely issuance of EUC and rapid rollout of broadband services. P10 Enhance regulation of Tower Cos. To effectively regulate anti-competitive practices in broadband related market segments of the industry by: Review vertical agreements between tower infrastructure services providers and mobile operators for provisions on exclusivity and market carving; recommending appropriate remedies. Require pre-approval and publication of standard/reference offers for services by tower infrastructure providers to ensure impartiality and transparency, in view of the critical nature of such service; almost as important as interconnection. Q4, 2020 NCC To arrest anti-competitive behaviour in the tower infrastructure segment of the industry, which slows rollout. LOCAL CONTENT POLICY P11 Local Device Assembly Policy To encourage the local assembly and manufacturing of at least one device brand by granting pioneer status to credible manufacturers. Q1, 2021 FMoCDE, Ministry of Trade and Industry  Improve affordability  Reduce capital flight

Page 52

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 52| 100 Encourage local manufacturing and component input and sourcing in telecoms industry where it is available and makes sense  Create jobs /capacity building. GOVERNANCE & MONITORING POLICY P12 Policy on Pre-Project feasibility and assessment studies Establish policy framework to conduct detailed and formal feasibility studies in respect of every proposed broadband intervention. Q2, 2020 FMoCDE, BB Monitoring council Better co-ordination and elimination of overlaps and ensuring sustainability of BB interventions P13 Establish Broadband Monitoring & Reporting Committee Establish a standing Broadband Monitoring & Reporting Committee that is domiciled in the Minister’s office Q2, 2020 HM FMoCDE Ensure tracking of the NNBP implementation Provide milestone updates on progress or otherwise. P14 Introduce Broadband State Ranking Report Introduction of state ranking on digitalization/ broadband penetration based on objective and verifiable indices. To be published annually. These indices include  Percentage (%) of connected towers to fibre  % of Schools connected to fibre  % of Hospitals connected to fibre  Availability of up-to-date Website  Availability of intranet in the public service  Availability of e-Government Applications  E- Government Integration (State and Local Governments)  Low tariff on Right of Way  One stop for ICT Telecoms related approval  Support for ICT innovation and Entrepreneurship  Support for ICT Local Content. Q4, 2020 HM FMoCDE Encouraging states to improve on ICTs and Broadband coverage. Greater ease of doing business in states Improving digital literacy.

Page 53

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 53| 100 TABLE 5.2.1 RECOMMENDATIONS ON SPECTRUM S/N. FOCUS AREA RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES Timeline Responsible Impact PS-1 Promote Efficient Use of assigned Spectrum Enforces diligently “Use it or Lose it” Policy on Spectrum and conduct quarterly assessment with reporting to the HMC&DE on enforcement actions. The ‘Use it or Lose it’ rule should apply in all instances where assigned spectrum is found to be non-utilized or underutilized. Penalties should include:  Forfeiture, which may be partial in relation to uncovered areas, and relative to rollout obligations extending to total forfeiture in the event no rollout is implemented in line with license obligation  Regulator may also consider a ban on application for spectrum for the next 10 years after revocation of license or additional penalties for non-fulfilment of license obligations Q4, 2020 NCC Availability of spectrum for efficient use. PS-2 Active Infrastructure Sharing Framework Implement Regulatory framework on Active Infrastructure Sharing whilst ensuring infrastructure deployment is not slowed down or impeded. Deployed infrastructure, including active network components such as radios, cables, core network elements, etc., can be shared Q4, 2020 NCC To facilitate the efficient use of spectrum. Accelerate multi operator coverage presence PS-3 National Roaming Framework Implement Regulatory framework for National Roaming, whilst ensuring that the infrastructure growth is not slowed down or impeded Q4, 2020 NCC Ubiquitous access to broadband services in areas covered by a network, regardless of service provider. PS-4 Transparent Assignment of Spectrum Adopt open and transparent processes and methodologies when assigning spectrum by publishing methodologies in advance and issuing public notices on the assignment of spectrum on the NCC website Role and scope of agencies involved in spectrum management should be clearly defined and enforced by HM FMoCDE.  The NFMC not to exceed its statutory mandate of bulk allocation of frequencies. To desist from single assignments.  NBC should focus on regulating content  NCC to regulate technology and spectrum for telecom services Q4, 2020 NCC Presidency, FMoCDE, NFMC/NCC  Transparent processes in the assignment of spectrum  Building of investor confidence for the acceleration of broadband funding  To ensure compliance with the statutory prescriptions

Page 54

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 54| 100 S/N. FOCUS AREA RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES Timeline Responsible Impact on roles/functions allocation in the frequency spectrum management regime.  Certainty of national frequency plan. PS-5 Review the Spectrum Trading Guidelines of 2018. To review spectrum trading guidelines in order to ensure unutilised spectrum is fairly traded and to facilitate rollout by other operators. Consider modification of the Spectrum Trading Guidelines 2018 to ensure that Arbitrage opportunity is either completely eliminated or reduced to minimal level that will discourage abuse. In particular, for all administratively assigned Spectrum, the new secondary sale proceeds distribution ratio could be increased in favour of the FGN as against the current 60:40 regime. Adopt open transparent processes for Spectrum trading between parties. In the immediate instance, a six month period should be given to all operators with underutilized spectrum prior to enforcement of the “use it or lose it” or alternatively, “trade it” before a more stringent spectrum trading guideline is adopted. Review the Competition Practices Regulation 2007 to ensure that value of Spectrum is easily Identifiable in any Merger and Acquisition such that a higher ratio may be adopted when it comes into effect. Every Spectrum asset should be accompanied by its liabilities when sold. Continuous Q3, 2020 Q4, 2020 NCC HM FMoCDE, NCC NCC, Operators To facilitate the efficient use of spectrum. Free up spectrum resources to fast track implementation of broadband goals Conformance to the law with respect to transparency and competition. Efficiency of spectrum management Curtails federal revenue haemorrhage Restores investor confidence in Telecoms industry. PS-6 Spectrum Pricing Adopt flexible and innovative spectrum pricing framework that lowers the cost of Last-mile and backhaul spectrum such as:  Doing away with some component of spectrum fees in exchange for commitment to rollout in specific unserved/underserved areas Spread payments of spectrum fees across the lifetime of the license. Q4, 2020 NCC Free up capital to foster infrastructure deployment

Page 55

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 55| 100 S/N. FOCUS AREA RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES Timeline Responsible Impact PS-7 Clearance of encumbrances on 700MHz and 2.6GHz frequency bands NFMC to mandate NBC to clear all broadcasting stations from the700MHz and 2.6GHz bands. Government to release the required funds in order to vacate licensees that are currently on the700MHz and 2.6GHz frequency bands for the deployment of telecom infrastructure Q1, 2021 NFMC, NBC, NCC, FMFBNP Increased coverage/efficient use of spectrum Improvement on Quality of Service. PS-8 Deployment of Television White Spaces for broadband Conclusion of the outstanding consultation process and the enactment of guidelines on the use of Television White Spaces for internet services taking into account the work of ITU on WRC 2023. Q4, 2020 NFMC , NBC, NCC Accelerate deployment of broadband services including underserved areas PS-9 Spectrum Planning for the future Develop a forward-looking Spectrum Roadmap to include;  Emerging opportunities and challenges to radio spectrum management at least 3 – 5 years into the future.  Identification of future technological trends and emerging standards, as well as assessment of their impact on spectrum policy and planning  Establish programs to monitor the implementation of the proposals herein.  Periodic updating and publishing the spectrum plan and National Frequency allocation table (At least on an Annual basis). Q4, 2020 NFMC, NCC, NBC Assurance of adequate spectrum to meet demand for wireless broadband. Provide long term planning guidance to operators for technology deployments and capital investment Plan and release IMT-2020 spectrum including 3.5GHz band with guidelines to promote quick deployment of FWA (fixed wireless access) for affordable high speed connections to critical demand locations before fibre deployment. Q3 2020 NFMC, NCC Very high-speed connections to key locations and institutions, offload the mobile network Encourage the re-farming of 900MHz and 1800MHz bands to unlock greater efficiency in the deployment of 3G/4G services nationwide. In particular, if slots becomes available, re-plan the band in slots of 10MHz on the 900MHz band and 20MHz on the 1800MHz band. Assign 2100MHz spectrum to the industry for broadband (L2100). By Q2, 2021. By Q1, 2021 NCC NCC The quickest route to fast coverage of 3G and 4G networks across the country within months. Facilitate roll out of broadband services. Participate actively in the ITU’s work on preparation of channelling plan for the recent allocated 5G IMT spectrums such as 26GHz Engage and adopt upon NFMC/ NCC Early provision of 5G benefits to

Page 56

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 56| 100 S/N. FOCUS AREA RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES Timeline Responsible Impact (24.25 – 27.5GHz), 40GHz (37-43.5GHz), 45GHz(45.5 -47GHz), 47GHz (47.2 -48.2 GHz), and 66GHz (66-71Ghz) with a view to making the spectrums bands available to the end users by 2021. conclusion by ITU. Nigerian subscribers. Participate actively in the ITU’s study on 600MHz band as well as 3.6GHz- 3.8GHz band towards WRC- 2023. Engage & adopt upon conclusion by ITU NFMC/ NCC Position Nigeria to identify new spectrum for wireless broadband. Implement regulatory provisions revised by the ITU on RLANs to accommodate both indoor and outdoor usage of Wi-Fi of the 5GHz band. Engage & adopt upon conclusion by ITU NFMC/ NCC Make spectrum available for Wi-Fi. Consider the yet unassigned spectrum and retrieve unutilized broadband- relevant spectrum under “Use it or Lose it” guidelines from MDAs for purpose of the NBP implementation in the 450MHz, 700 MHz and 1400 MHz bands. Q4, 2020 HM FMoCDE, NFMC To prevent sub optimal use of and rent –seeking with frequency spectrum and to make such retrieved spectrum available for broadband deployment Further notes on spectrum allocation recommendations are included in Appendix 7.

Page 57

Page 58

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 - 2025 Page 58 | 100 5.3 DEMAND DRIVERS Some of the factors identified as barriers to the low usage rate and adoption of broadband services include the high cost of services and access devices, low digital literacy, lack of local and relevant content and poor perception of broadband value, amongst others. Effective utilisation of broadband services requires the use of capable devices such as smart phone, tablets, PCs etc. The cost of these devices is typically higher than what a large segment of the population can afford. In view of the above, it is important for government to take steps to fast track the adoption of broadband services and access devices by incentivising local assembly of Smart phones with pioneer status and other waivers of duties, taxes, and levies – with a target of getting smart phones to Nigerians at below $25 by the year 2025. Adequate digital literacy programs should be embarked upon to enlighten every Nigerian on the relevance of broadband to their lives and day to day activities. The Federal Government needs to push for localization of internet content within the shores of Nigeria. This would lower the cost of Internet access, improve the quality of service (QoS), reduce capital flight, create job opportunities, and protect the sovereignty of the Nation. The government should equally mobilize resources towards the development of digital (educational, vocational and entrepreneurial) content in local languages for citizens’ empowerment. Broadband services need to be safe, secure and convenient for use and protect citizens’ sensitive information and transactions. In summary, the demand drivers initiatives recommended below fall under the following categories: Affordability; Digital Content; Literacy & Awareness; and Trust.

Page 59

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 59| 100 Table 5.3 DEMAND DRIVER RECOMMENDATIONS S/N FOCUS AREAS RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES TIMELINE RESPONSIBLE IMPACT AFFORDABILITY D1 Affordability – Incentivise low cost smart devices Incentivise OEMs sub $25 smart phones and sub $40 tablets- through reduction/waiver of duties and other incentives 2020: Development of implementation framework and standards with potential OEMs. 2021: Licensing of OEMs based on Agreed Framework and Incentivize Local Manufacturing with Focus on Budget 3G/4G Smart phones 2023: Local assembly of smart phone for <$50 2025: Local assembly of smart phones for <$25 Q3, 2020 Q2, 2021 Q1, 2023 FMoCDE, FMT&I, CBN and NCC Zero-rate taxes or reduction/waiver of duties, etc. (for a set period of time) on standardized (SAR=1.6W/kg) budget smart devices can result in reduced costs. Create local jobs Protect local OEMs D2 Expand Women’s’ Social Investment Scheme Social Investment Scheme (via an Instalment Payment or Intervention Scheme) to Expand the Less-Privileged and Women’s Access to Smart phones and Devices 2020: Development of the Framework by NSIP 2021: Roll-out of a Pilot Scheme to Cover Selected LGAs in Each of the States 2022: Full Roll-out Nationwide to Target 5 Million Women by 2025 Q3, 2020 Q2, 2021 Q1, 2022 FMoCDE NCC, FMHDSD Improving access and affordability will drive digital inclusion and close the gender gap. D3 Implement Student Device Affordability Schemes School Support System to Ensure Access to Smart Access Devices by Students of Primary and Secondary Schools and Ownership by students of Tertiary Institutions 2020: Development of Implementation Framework Based on Needs for the Different Levels 2021: Take-Off of the Scheme with selected schools across the Country: Target (2021-2025): Primary Schools: 25% Secondary Schools: 25% Public; 100% Federal Unity Schools. Colleges of Education, Polytechnics, Universities: 25% State; 50% Federal Leverage NYSC participants to foster Digital Literacy in schools around the country Q2, 2020 Q1, 2021 Target 2021-2025 FMoCDE, NCC, NITDA, FME Higher levels of digital literacy and awareness Ownership of smart devices by students of tertiary institutions will boost Increased demand for broadband Create a pool of IT savvy graduates ready for the digital economy within and outside the country DIGITAL CONTENT

Page 60

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 60| 100 S/N FOCUS AREAS RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES TIMELINE RESPONSIBLE IMPACT D4 Promote Local Hosting of Nigerian Websites & Content Government to Lead the Way by Hosting all Government Data Locally (Data Sovereignty) 2020-2022 FMoCDE, NITDA,GBB Increased affordability and, improve quality of service (QoS), create jobs and protect sovereignty of the Nation. D5 NIRA Free domain registration Collaboration between NIRA (.ng registry) NITDA and CAC towards getting more Nigerian businesses online. Assign a free .ng domain to every new business registered with CAC for first 2 years after registering. Q4, 2020 NIRA, NITDA, CAC Promote local content development, job creation and expand online business opportunities for Nigerian companies. Global visibility for Nigeria. LITERACY AND AWARENESS D6 Digital Indigenous Language Content Development of digital (educational, vocational and entrepreneurial) content in local languages for citizens empowerment to leverage opportunities created by Broadband Q3, 2021 FMoCDE, NITDA, FME, State Governments Digital literacy in local languages and increased demand amongst non-English literate population D7 Digital Literacy Training and Awareness Develop or adopt an explicit Digital Literacy standard with coherent training and requisite certification for duration of the plan. Fund the implementation of the Digital Literacy Program. Create a national awareness campaign to highlight the value of digital literacy skills. Q4, 2020 Q2, 2021 FMoCDE, NITDA, FME, State Governments Digital literacy and increased demand D8 Digital indigenous language translation to Audio Develop and implement an enhanced national digital virtual e-library, that will:  Provide access to digital books including audiobooks; video, instruction manuals and public service information  Developing of local digital content: a. Converting existing local language printed books to audio b. Translate foreign languages audiobooks to local languages Access to free online classes- skill building and related platforms. Q1, 2022 Q1, 2023 Q3, 2024 FMoCDE, FME, NITDA Digital Literacy and increased demand in local languages and culture D9 e-Government initiatives Effective digitisation of Government services (e-Government) as well as other services (e-Agric, e-Health, e-Education, e-Commerce, etc.) to attract citizens. 2023 FMoCDE, NITDA, GBB, State Govts. Promote broadband use for e-Govt. services Increase efficiency, reduce leakages and

Page 61

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 61| 100 S/N FOCUS AREAS RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES TIMELINE RESPONSIBLE IMPACT promote transparency. Create job opportunities D-10 Deploy Community Access Centres Strategic Deployment of Community Access Centres & ICT Training Centres (based on need and gap analysis) – To leverage NIPOST infrastructure across the country. Leveraging on existing infrastructure for paid services will reduce Cap-Ex costs and enhance sustainability. 2022 FMoCDE, NITDA, NCC, USPF, NIPOST, Local Govts., State Govts. Increased and affordable digital and financial inclusion. TRUST D-11 Establish Consumer Awareness and Safety Initiatives Consumer Awareness Initiatives NCC to expand and upgrade the existing central database for the reporting of National Consumer Complaints internet related issues To Develop a National Internet Safety Program (NISP)  Develop and Implement Citizen Online Safety & Protection Campaign Q4, 2020 Q1, 2021 NCC, FCCPC NCC, FCCPC, NITDA Increased usage and high demand Effective management of consumer complaints to build trust and confidence of internet users Internet safety awareness D-12 e-Govt Inter-operability framework Ensure implementation of Nigeria e-Government Interoperability framework (Ne-GIF). Create portal for Single sign-on details for all government services. PEBEC to finalize framework for integration and access to Government services. GBB to provide Interface, NIMC to serve as custodian for citizen data. Harmonize SIM user database with NIMC database. 2020-2022 Q4, 2022 Q4, 2020 NITDA GBB, NIMC NCC, NIMC Increased demand for broadband services.

Page 62

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 - 2025 Page 62 | 100 5.4 FUNDING & INCENTIVES Some of the challenges that hindered the full achievement of the 2013-2018 Nigerian National Broadband Plan include ineffective implementation and funding, with an over reliance on government programs in a market where telecom is largely funded by the private sector. To this end, the Committee reviewed the objectives of the new broadband plan with a view to identifying relevant financial incentives, fiscal policy, economic models and funding options to help the achievement of broadband penetration targets. Recommendations for achieving these targets have been articulated in the table below: Table 5.4 FUNDING & INCENTIVES RECOMMENDATIONS S/N FOCUS AREAS RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES TIMELINE RESPONSIBLE IMPACT F1 Funding of National & Regional Backbone Infrastructure Accelerate the establishment of National and Regional backbone infrastructure under an Open Access Model Recommendations: Establishment of Seed Fund for integrated infrastructure deployment, co-ordination and facilitation. Co-ordinating council to co-ordinate operators regarding integrated infrastructure deployment and open access initiative. Review and harmonize existing and proposed integrated infrastructure builds proposed under the infrastructure pillar. E.g. Fibre and Base stations Access international funding sources where available Q1, 2021 FMoCDE, NCC FMoCDE, NCC Stakeholders Increase national and regional coverage. Increased demand and speed F2 Harmonize the processes for issuance of RoW relevant permits. Stakeholder collaboration/financial incentives on a harmonized process for the issuance of RoW Permit. Develop a standardized procedure to incentivize free RoW permit by Federal, States and Local Government through Connection of public institutions within 1Km distance of deployed infrastructure. Agree on building of ducts for new construction by Federal, States and Local Governments for lease to Operators at standard rates. Q3, 2020 as and when necessary (Ongoing) FMoCDE, NCC Stakeholders: NEC , FMFBNP, ICRC, FMW&H, NIWA, NRC, FMT, State & Local Govts., Communities FMoCDE, FMW&H NCC, USPF NITDA, STATE MoW Increased Broadband penetrations

Page 63

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 63| 100 S/N FOCUS AREAS RECOMMENDED INITIATIVES TIMELINE RESPONSIBLE IMPACT F3 Increase subsidy and incentive Review the current USPF subsidy model. Increase in subsidy/ incentive. Development of a sustainability model to incorporate both CAPEX and OPEX in the subsidy regime when and where necessary. Q3, 2020 Q1, 2021 Q1, 2021 USPF, NCC Accelerate coverage of unserved areas F4 Incentivize local devices: Encourage production/assembly of telecommunication/ICT end user equipment and devices locally through reduction/waiver of duties on imported equipment, components and parts, etc. Grant of pioneer status to interested investors for the production/assembly of telecommunication/ICT end user equipment and devices. Reduction/waiver of duties, taxes and other charges on telecommunication/ICT equipment, devices and components. Incentivize OEM sub $25 smartphones and sub $40 tablets. Include components and other devices. Q3, 2020 FMFBNP, FMT&I FMoCDE, MFBNP, JTB, NCC, USPF, FMFBNP NCC Improve affordability and increase demand Create job opportunities F5 Funding skills building & Innovation Identification and selection of targeted solutions for time-based competition by different categories of innovators Set up funds to encourage innovation and development of new technologies Q1, 2021 FMoCDE, NITDA, NCC Create job opportunities and stimulate demand for broadband F6 Secure alignment of state and local governments on broadband penetration Federal government to consciously get the buy-in of the state and local governments to support broadband penetration. Fund Provision of ICT tools and devices to selected public establishments located in the State. NITDA should establish funds for manpower development as well as incentives for the acquisition of devices including special devices for physically challenged persons. Government to authorize the upgrade and use of public institutions as Public Access venues especially NIPOST outlets. Government to increase funding to GBB to provide access to all the Public Institutions from Primary to University/ Polytechnic level. 2020-2021 FMoCDE [NCC, USPF, SG, LG] CBN, FMFBNP, NITDA HM FMoCDE, NIPOST FMoCDE, GBB, FMoE, Faster and low cost of deployment of broadband infrastructure Increased demand for broadband services

Page 64

Page 65

Page 66

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 - 2025 Page 66 | 100 6 GOVERNANCE & IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK 6.0 FRAMEWORK DETAILS A strong governance and implementation framework will be essential to ensuring the NNBP is brought from concept to reality by the identification and appointment of a capable and driven project delivery team. Beyond the specific requirements for the implementation of the broadband plan, there is the need for improved alignment between Government and the industry. This will ensure that the policy objectives of government are better aligned with the plans of the major players in the industry. In order to realize this objective, the Plan makes provision for instituting a Ministerial Advisory Panel led by the Honourable Minister of Communication and Digital Economy and consisting of CEOs of major private and public sector players in the Nigerian telecoms market. In addition to the broader scope of this Ministerial Advisory Panel, it is recommended that implementation of the plan be led by a multidimensional, multi-stakeholder steering committee which will monitor and direct overall progress with accountability to the Minister. Figure 6.1: Nigerian National Broadband Plan – Governance Framework Ministerial Advisory Panel The Ministerial Advisory Panel has a critical role to play in ensuring the alignment of interests and achievement of the broadband plan in partnership with the Honourable Minister. Considering that telecommunications is largely privatized in Nigeria and that the achievement of the broadband plan will be heavily dependent on private investment and alignment of private and

Page 67

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 67| 100 public sector interests, open and frequent engagement between government and the very senior leadership of the major Telecom companies will be required to ensure successful outcomes. Ideally, all these parties would have benefits to be derived from achievement of the plan, for the government, realisation of developmental objectives and for private sector, expansion of the broadband market in Nigeria. As such, Government will need to work closely with these private companies to ensure the enabling environment is created for the requisite levels of investment that would ensure realization of the plan. In addition to the Minister, the Panel should include the Telecoms regulator and other senior leadership under the Ministry of Communications & Digital Economy. It is recommended that this Panel be set up immediately and meet on a quarterly basis. Broadband Implementation Steering Committee The Broadband Implementation Steering Committee should be established by the Honourable Minister within 1 month of the NNBP 2020-2025 approval by the Federal Government, with the overall responsibility for ensuring the implementation of the broadband plan. The Steering Committee should own the approved broadband plan document, develop the terms of reference for the Project Management Office and Delivery units, define the staffing requirements and recommend candidates for each of the project delivery teams and manage overall changes to the plan. This Committee will report to the Honourable Minister of Communications and Digital Economy and the National Digital Economy Council, which has been established to oversee the implementation of the National Digital Economy policy and strategy. Membership of the implementation steering committee should be limited to no more than 12-16 members and should include public and private sector representatives across the broadband ecosystem including regulators, supply and demand side players and associations. It is imperative that stakeholders cut across all national geographic zones, State Governments and FCTA. The critical agencies responsible for the implementation of the plan including NCC, NITDA, GBB, NGCOMSAT, USPF, will be effectively represented in addition to nominees of relevant ministries such as Ministry of Transportation, Ministry of Works & Housing etc. Representation of International Development agencies/ Not-for-Profit bodies will be useful to provide guidance in line with the achievement of UN SDGs, international development and global best practice. Project Management and Results Delivery Office (PMO) The implementation delivery units should report to a Director level nominee under the Minister who will serve as day-to-day project lead for delivery of the broadband plan and should be specifically tasked with KPIs in line with the implementation objectives. The Programme Director will head the PMO function and have overall accountability for achieving the outcomes of the

Page 68

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 68| 100 broadband plan. The PMO will define the project management approach and standards, reporting guidelines for the various project delivery units, handle change management requests and assist in decision making regarding prioritization, dependencies, funding and resourcing of the various result delivery units. The project delivery teams will provide monthly progress reports, which will be collated by the PMO, and team leads will meet with the Steering Committee on a Quarterly basis. In order to build confidence with the public, KPIs should be simple and transparent with progress reports published on a website or in the newspapers every 6 months, after review and sign off by the independent monitoring and evaluation team. In order to ensure success of the plan, the PMO will also need to drive effective communications of the plan to various stakeholders including all arms of government, private sector, civil society and local communities. Project Delivery Units (PDUs) Delivery unit KPIs should be based on the subcommittee recommendations and project activities will be aligned to achieve the desired outcomes through clear mapping of objectives. Three delivery units will be constituted within 3 months of the NNBP 2020-2025 approval by the presidency comprising of: i. Infrastructure ii. Demand Drivers: Skills, Innovation and Enterprise iii. Policy: Bringing multiple agencies together: NCC, NESREA, NRC, NIWA, FMW, CBN etc. Delivery Unit Members will be staffed and serve at the discretion of the Honourable Minister for a period of up to 3 years and execute projects in their relevant thematic areas collaborating with other units as needed. Staffing will be by direct recruitment or secondment of subject matter experts and will be determined by the prioritization and timing of projects and scope of each initiative. Each critical agency responsible for execution of the plan e.g. NCC, NITDA, NIGCOMSAT, USPF should also be required to designate a single point of contact or unit that will be accountable for co-ordinating all of its deliverables and interfacing with the delivery units.

Page 69

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 69| 100 Figure 6.2: NNBP Governance Framework Roles/Responsibilities Summary Sample Roles and Stakeholder Responsibilities:Private sector o Investments o Regional and international finance agencies o Infrastructure development o Promotion of technology, awareness and technical literacy o Possible financing of low cost devices o PPP and innovative investment models Local/State Governments o Removing RoW and any regulatory / tax / financial barriers o Advocating and measuring adoption/benefits of broadband o Promoting metro networks and enabling implementation Civil Society o Raising awareness on broadband adoption o Consumer rights agencies/organizations o Capacity building with underserved groups Local Communities o Participating in ensuring security of broadband infrastructure o Community advocacy and support 6.1 Project Reporting Framework Timely and effective implementation of project activities will be critical to the success of the NNBP for each Delivery Unit. Standardized detailed progress reports including change and issue resolution tracking, as well KPI/result measurement will be provided by all delivery units to ensure harmonized progress tracking. A database with a central integrated dashboard across the program will be accessible by all stakeholders on the Steering Committee, Project/Result Delivery Units and co-ordinating agencies.

Page 70

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 70| 100  Weekly RDU updates will be prepared and provided to the PMO  Monthly reports will be provided to the Steering Committee  Quarterly Programme Progress Reports will be compiled and reviewed in depth at the Quarterly Steering Committee meetings  Bi-annual audit reports which will be provided by the independent monitoring and reporting agency and then published to the public  Annual stakeholder forums to garner feedback from implementation progress will hold  Midterm reviews at end of Year 3 (2022), will hold on each of the key outcomes  End of term review in Q1, 2025 will hold to review achievements, challenges, lessons learned and begin formulation of strategy for next 5 year term 2025 – 2030 6.2 Communication/PR The PMO will be responsible for overall communications and public relations of the plan which will be required to engage the public. Such activities will include:  Awareness of the NBP progress and digital literacy drive should be implemented including definitions and publishing of indices in the national papers, websites, popular content sites, radio, TV, video, all multimedia channels and forms including SMS, text and in the major local languages  Events and PR promotions, endorsements, conferences to be promoted with help of industry to keep the National Broadband plan on the national agenda and ensure awareness and support of the public Independent Monitoring and Evaluation Framework / Quality Assurance (QA) An independent audit of progress towards plan delivery should be conducted and published every 6 months by an experienced QA team and these results reported to the Honorable Minister and the advisory council for consideration. Ideally this audit will be conducted by a third party agency such as a Big Four Consulting company or an organization such as A4AI that conducts ongoing industry research and is able to assess actual progress towards achievement of the plan, rather than simply rely on reports provided by the Delivery Units. Such audits should be conducted twice a year and should be conducted with sufficient depth to assess both amount and quality of progress being made. Table 6.1 High Level Implementation Roadmap The following implementation roadmap outlines the various recommendations and timelines for execution of the broadband plan. The plan recognizes the need for various policy initiatives and certain budget provisions to enable realization of certain elements. However, the overall plan is geared towards immediate execution where possible so the objectives can be speedily achieved, and benefits derived.

Page 71

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 71| 100 Table 6.1 High Level Implementation Roadmap S/N RECOMMENDATIONS / INITIATIVES 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 INFRASTRUCTURE Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1 IN-1 Develop CNI Database IN-2 Develop CNI Strategy IN-3 Facilitate Policy on CNI – Executive Order IN-4 Establish CNI Database of Federal MDAs RoW IN-5 Prepare National Broadband Protection Report IN-6 Broadband Infrastructure Stakeholder Summit IN-7 Establish Broadband Coordinating Unit - NCC IN-8 Open Access Consortium IN-9 Implement Open Access & Separation of Accounting IN-10 National Backbone – InfraCos IN-11 Metro and Last Mile Sharing & Building Codes IN-12 Internet Exchange : Upgrade & Localise Traffic IN-13 Submarine Cable Landing Resiliency IN-14 National Satellite Broadband Deployment 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2 POLICY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q 1 Q2 Q3 Q4 P-1 Implement National Standardized RoW Fees - NEC/FEC P-2 Incentivize RoW with USPF/Social Funds - NEC/FEC P-3 Federal Infrastructure Asset Sharing Guidelines. P-4 Duct Network Development/Dig Once Policy P-5 Fixed Internet Services – FTTB Ducts Regulation P-6 Site Acquisition – One-stop Shop, Approvals P-7 Site Acquisition Permits Intervention: FCT and other major cities. (Aesthetics) P-8 Harmonize Process and Establish Uniform Framework for Tower Related Charges P-9 Accelerate Telecoms Equipment Import Clearance

Page 72

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 72| 100 P-10 Enhance regulation of Tower Cos. P-11 Local Device Assembly Policy P-12 Policy on Pre-Project feasibility and assessment studies. P-13 Establish Broadband Monitoring Committee. P-14 Introduce Broadband State Ranking Report. 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2.1 POLICY – SPECTRUM Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q 1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PS-1 Promote Efficient Use of assigned Spectrum PS-2 Active Infrastructure Sharing Framework PS-3 National Roaming Framework PS-4 Transparent Assignment of Spectrum PS-5 Review the Spectrum Trading Guidelines of 2018 PS-6 Spectrum Pricing PS-7 Clear 700MHz and 2.6GHz band encumbrances PS-8 Deployment of Television White Space for broadband PS-9 Spectrum Planning for the future 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 3 DEMAND DRIVERS Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 D-1 Affordability – Incentivise low cost smart devices D-2 Expand Womens’ Social Investment Scheme D-3 Implement Student Device Affordability Schemes D-4 Promote Local Hosting of Nigerian Websites & Content D-5 NIRA Free domain registration D-6 Digital Indigenous Language Content D-7 Digital Literacy Training and Awareness D-8 Digital indigenous language translation to Audio D-9 e-Government initiatives D-10 Deploy Community Access Centres D-11 Establish Consumer Awareness and Safety Initiatives D-12 e-Govt. Interoperability framework 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 4 FUNDING AND INCENTIVES Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 F-1 Funding of National & Regional Backbone Infrastructure.

Page 73

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 73| 100 Table 6.2 Strategic Mapping of Plan Outcomes to Recommended Initiatives The table below is provided as a guide for mapping recommendations and actions contained within the plan to desired targets and outcomes. It will be important to monitor progress by the delivery units not solely on their tasks, but the realization of the targets set in the plan as shown below. F-2 Harmonize the processes for issuance of RoW relevant permits. F-3 Increase subsidy/incentive on USPF Capex and Opex F-4 Incentivize local devices: OEM sub $25 smartphones and sub $40 tablets F-5 Funding skills building & Innovation F-6 Secure alignment of state and local governments on broadband penetration No. Outcome Pillar Initiative Reference 1 Coverage Infrastructure IN6; IN7; IN8; IN9; IN10; IN14 Policy P1-P3; P6 - P10; P12; P14 PS1 - PS3; PS5; PS7, PS9 Funding F1; F2; F3; F6 2 Speed Infrastructure IN6-10; IN12; IN14 Policy P6; P8; P14 PS1; PS2; P9 3 Penetration Infrastructure IN6 - IN11; IN14 Policy P1-P3; P5 - P8; P10; P14 PS1; PS2; PS3; PS5; PS9 Funding F1; F2; F6 Demand Drivers D1-D4 4 Fibre Reach Infrastructure IN4; IN6 - IN11; IN14 Policy P1-P4; P8 Demand Drivers D1; D2; D3;D5 Funding F1; F2; F3; 5 Affordability Infrastructure IN7-IN9; IN11; IN14 Policy P1; P2; P4; P8; PS6; Demand Drivers D1; D3; D4; D5 Funding F2 - F4; 6 Digital Literacy Policy P13 Demand Drivers D2; D5; D6 - D9; D11; D12 Funding F4; F5 7 Gender Equality Policy P13 Demand Drivers D1; D2; D3; D6; D7; Funding F8 8 Unserved Rural Communities Infrastructure IN6; IN7; IN10; IN14 Policy P1; P2; P4; P12; PS1 – PS3; PS5; PS8 Demand Drivers D6; D9; D10 - D12 Funding F1 – F3; F5; F6

Page 74

Page 75

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 - 2025 Page 75 | 100 6.3 Funding Funding for the implementation of the NNBP 2020-2025 is largely based on the realignment of existing private sector and government intervention funding budgets in line with the strategies required to achieve the plan’s objectives. Specifically, private sector funding is to be mobilized and accelerated through the provision of incentives by Government to reduce the cost of deployment and ongoing operational expenses. Government spending through agencies such as USPF, NITDA, NCC, GBB, should be harmonized to reduce overlaps and ensure optimal results from the implementation of the broadband plan. Government funding will be required for the establishment of the Program Management Office, Delivery Units, and the administration of the Broadband Implementation Steering Committee and the independent Monitoring and Evaluation/Quality Assurance teams. It is anticipated that the Honourable Minister will seek approval for this nominal incremental direct spending required to ensure successful implementation of the plan. Major investment categories to achieve the plan include:  National Fibre Backbone and Metro - $1-$1.5 Billion ($12,000 -$15,000/km at estimated 80,000km)  4G rollout (Deployment of new base stations and radio access equipment) - $1-2Billion (estimating $500 Million for estimated 2,500 new base stations, and additional investment for radio access and core network equipment)  Optional 5G roll out for top 10 cities. Estimated at 6,000 base stations - $500 Million  Subsidy/Local manufacture of devices – $100 Million estimated funding required (based on subsidy grant/credit scheme to 5 Million individuals in National Social Investment Programs receiving a device). Table 6.3 Investment Incentives Investment Categories PUBLIC SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR Fibre RoW Standardised Fees World Bank “Moonshot” Funding for improved internet access Infrastructure sharing Base Stations USPF Subsidy, Harmonized Tower Fees Local manufacturing BB Equipment/ End-user device assembly Pioneer Status for local assembly Duty waivers for components International and local funding 4G/5G Spectrum Spectrum Pricing and Allocation Spectrum sharing Digital Demand NITDA/USPF spending on E-Government programmes Social Investment Schemes Subsidy/Grants on Low cost Devices Local Content and Hosting Literacy Training & Awareness Total estimated incremental investment required for the delivery of the plan over the next 5 years across all categories is estimated at below $5 Billion. The resultant impact of this

Page 76

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 76| 100 investment based on the planned 30-40% increase in broadband penetration is estimated at up to 5% of GDP or approximately $25 Billion (World Bank Group). In addition, broadband communications will be a major driver of social change and economic development. It will impact and transform all public and private sector endeavours across the country from security to health, education, manufacturing and retail, agriculture, entertainment, transportation and play a significant role towards the achievement of SDGs by 2025. Table 6.4 Sample Execution Risks and Potential Mitigation Strategies Execution Risk Mitigation Insufficient Funding (Private Sector) Promote private sector buy in at all levels Protection of investor rights when license obligations are fulfilled Ensure investors are protected when obligations fulfilled and enforcement when not fulfilled. Consult/issue public notices in advance of issuing licenses to ensure matters arising are comprehensively dealt with before issuance High Implementation Cost Shared infrastructure, tax waivers, RoW fees at N145/m Lack of Available Power Increased power sector spending is required to support Broadband plan objectives Poor quality implementation of projects Appoint skilled, experienced professionals and vendors. Utilize international best practice PM methodology Lack of coordination across 3 tiers of government Broadband Steering Committee to engage representatives of various tiers and work to resolve issues Seemingly conflicting models of licensing adopted for services in a low-income market Regulator will need to continue to push models that best meet market needs which deliver value to investors and ensure delivery of critical services to citizens. Undue interference of Government Ministerial Advisory Panel to monitor pulse of industry and frequently engage Minister & Regulator Inconsistent Policy Ensure clarity and transparency of telecom regulations and government policies in line with Telecommunications Act Industry and market domination by Significant Market Players only and high barriers to entry for smaller players resulting in a cartel.  Avoid significant dominance by ensuring NCC enforcement of existing provisions in the Telecommunications Act  Ensure the separation of accounts and the elimination of cross-subsidy in the vertical market is implemented.  Involve FCCPC in ensuring fair competition and in assuring consumer protection against anti-competitive acts. Insecurity/vandalization of infrastructure by criminals CNI implementation to address these issues and check such actions with enforcement Government construction projects damaging infrastructure  Infrastructure better tracked and improved awareness and planning with CNI implementation.  Dig Once Policy and encourage use of ducts.  Independent auditing and reporting with penalties for damage.

Page 77

Page 78

Page 79

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 - 2025 Page 79 | 100 7 APPENDICES 7.0 APPENDIX A: DEFINITIONS Table 7.1 Key Definitions for NNBP 2020-2025 Plan SN ITEM DEFINITION METRICS FOR MEASUREMENT SOURCE 1. Internet user  Someone currently using the Internet  Those who uses the Internet at least one hour per week.  Anyone currently in capacity to use the Internet  Individual with access to the Internet within a location Number of users  ITU  US Dept. of Commerce  CNNIC (China)  Internet World Statistics (IWS) 2. Internet Penetration  Percentage of Internet users relative to the total population in the last 30 days % of total penetration  International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 3. Internet Penetration Rate  Corresponds to the percentage of the total population of a given country or region that uses the Internet % of total population = (Number of Users divided by Target Market Size) multiplied by 100  ITU 4. Effective Penetration  Percentage of unique Internet users relative to the total population in the last 30 days Unique % of total population  ITU  OECD 5. Unserved  Locations that does not have any service provider coverage % of total coverage  NCC 6. Underserved  Locations with only 1 service provider coverage  NCC 7. Internet Connectivity  Measure of the extent to which the internet (nodes) are connected, and the (speed) with which they can 'converse.' Bandwidth in Mbps  GSM Association (GSMA) 8. Internet Coverage  Total number of people with internet coverage as a percentage of total population % of covered as a factor of total population  GSMA 9. Effective coverage  Total number of unique people with internet coverage in the last 30 days as a percentage of total population Unique connected as a % of total population  ITU 10. Mobile Coverage  Receive signal strength of -95dBm at the edge of the cell radius of base transceiver station  NCC 11. Effective users  Total number of unique Internet users in the last 30 days excluding M2M. n/a  GSMA  ITU 12. Broadband  Commonly refers to high-speed Internet connection n/a  GSMA

Page 80

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 80| 100 SN ITEM DEFINITION METRICS FOR MEASUREMENT SOURCE 13. Broadband penetration  The measured by the number of broadband subscribers per 100 inhabitants. n/a  France  Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 14. Population  The number of people living in an area n/a  UN 15. Upload  The maximum amount of data your computer can send to the Internet in a second. Mbps  GSMA 16. Download  The maximum amount of data your computer can receive from the Internet in a second. Mbps  GSMA 17. Subscribers  Users who may have multiple devices and/or connections n/a  The World Bank 18. Unique subscribers  Unique users that subscribed to mobile services at the end of a period, excluding M2M. n/a  The World Bank 19. Mobile Internet services  Any activity that consumes mobile data (i.e. Excluding SMS, MMS and cellular voice calls) n/a  Statista 20. Unique mobile internet subscribers  Total unique users who have used internet services on their mobile device(s) at the end of a period. n/a  GSMA  ITU 21. Total mobile connections  Total unique SIM cards or phone numbers, excluding cellular IoT, that have been registered on the mobile network at the end of the period n/a  GSMA  ITU 22. Network coverage by population  Mobile coverage, expressed as a percentage of the total market population, at the end of the period n/a  GSMA 23. Growth  Connections at the end of the period, expressed as a percentage growth from the year before n/a  GSMA 24. Connection speed  The rate at which data is transferred between a device to the internet, (a measure of upload and download rate) Bandwidth (Gigabits)  M-Lab  Ookla 25. Internet speed test  The Process of analyzing broadband connection parameters (Upload/Download speed, Bandwidth, Ping, Jitter, Packet loss) by sending files from the source and measuring the time it takes to download and then upload the file back to the source  Speed (Mbps)  Quality (QoS)  Techopedia

Page 81

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 81| 100 SN ITEM DEFINITION METRICS FOR MEASUREMENT SOURCE 26. Internet drive test  The process of measuring and assessing the coverage, capacity, performance and Quality of Service (QoS) of a mobile network n/a  Speedtest.net 27. Connected  Refers to mobile internet penetration. Number of unique users who have used internet services on a mobile device n/a  World Bank 28. Usage gap  Those living within the footprint of a mobile broadband network but are not using mobile internet n/a  NCC  Huawei 29. Coverage gap  Those not living within the footprint of a mobile broadband network n/a  NCC  Huawei 30. Mobile broadband  Defined as connections on 3G, 4G and above n/a  FCC  ITU 31. Dig Once Policy  Co-ordinating infrastructure deployment to ensure synchronized digging “Dig Once” to install integrated infrastructure services: roadway, water, gas lines, and railways. Reduces cost, reduce risk of damage, increases rollout speed of broadband n/a  ncbroadband.gov

Page 82

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 - 2025 Page 82 | 100 7.1 APPENDIX B: REFERENCES 7.1.1 UNDERSERVED AREAS Table 7.1.1 USPF Table of Unserved Clusters S/N Cluster ID State Geopolitical Zone Population Area (Sq. Km) Main Activity Main Institutions 1 JG-1 Jigawa NorthWest 474,208 2,945.39 Farming Primary School, Secondary School 2 JG-2 Jigawa NorthWest 461,724 2,623.43 Farming Primary School 3 JG-3 Jigawa NorthWest 463,752 3,887.12 Farming, Fishing, Marketing, Business, Clinic 4 JG-4 Jigawa NorthWest 218,551 1,561.08 Farming, Trading, Cattle Rearing Primary School 5 JG-5 Jigawa NorthWest 336,305 1,938.05 Farming, Cattle Rearing, Primary school, Almajiri School, Secondary School, Islamiyah School, 6 KB-1 Kebbi NorthWest 327,193 5,363.82 Farming, Cattle Rearing, Primary School 7 KB-2 Kebbi NorthWest 284,297 4,120.25 Farming Primary School 8 KB-3 Kebbi NorthWest 186,976 2,790.68 Farming, Trading Primary School, Secondary School 9 KB-4 Kebbi NorthWest 418,514 6,843.82 Farming Primary School, Secondary School 10 KB-5 Kebbi NorthWest 123,919 2,530.71 Farming Primary School, Secondary School 11 KB-6 Kebbi NorthWest 298,732 5,550.87 Farming Primary School, Secondary School 12 KD-1 Kaduna NorthWest 390,930 3,551.88 Farming Primary School, Secondary School 13 KD-2 Kaduna NorthWest 209,904 4,881.49 Farming Primary School, Secondary School 14 KD-3 Kaduna NorthWest 503,784 3,845.68 Farming Primary School, Secondary School 15 KD-4 Kaduna NorthWest 45,003 3,000.21 Farming Primary School, Secondary School 16 KD-5 Kaduna NorthWest 354,179 8,049.51 Farming Primary School, Secondary School 17 KD-6 Kaduna NorthWest 368,507 6,041.10 Farming Primary School, Secondary School 18 KN-1 Kano NorthWest 802,667 2,659.59 Farming, Cattle Rearing, Secondary School, Primary School 19 KN-2 Jigawa NorthWest 438,302 1,522.47 Farming, Cattle Rearing Primary School, Secondary School 20 KN-3 Kano NorthWest 536,809 3,127.47 Farming Primary and Secondary school 21 KT-1 Katsina NorthWest 490,335 3,081.49 Farming Primary School, community day Secondary School, Secondary School, Islamiyya School 22 KT-2 Katsina NorthWest 589,427 2,395.74 Farming Primary School, Secondary School, Islamiyya School 23 KT-3 Katsina NorthWest 537,053 4,163.20 Farming Primary School, Secondary School, Islamiyya School

Page 83

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 83| 100 24 KT-4 Katsina NorthWest 503,574 2,247.60 Farming Almajiri School, Primary School, Secondary School, School for Vocational Agriculture 25 SK-1 Sokoto NorthWest 411,122 7,474.94 Farming Primary School, Secondary School 26 SK-2 Sokoto NorthWest 590,586 5,262.53 Farming Primary School, Secondary School 27 SK-3 Sokoto NorthWest 310,382 4,876.90 Farming Primary School, Secondary School 28 SK-4 Sokoto NorthWest 338,900 3,987.06 Farming, Cattle Rearing Primary School, Secondary School 29 SK-5 Sokoto NorthWest 180,890 3,349.81 Farming, Trading Primary School, Secondary School 30 ZM-1 Zamfara NorthWest 338,325 5,151.10 Marketing, Cattle Rearing, Farming Primary School, Secondary School 31 ZM-2 Zamfara NorthWest 630,975 13,716.84 Farming, Cattle Rearing Primary School, Secondary School 32 ZM-3 Zamfara NorthWest 658,737 4,843.65 Marketing, Cattle Rearing, Farming Primary School, Secondary School 33 ZM-4 Zamfara NorthWest 404,727 3,679.34 Farming Primary School, Secondary School 34 AD-1 Adamawa North East 412,120 4,737.01 Farming, Trading School, Hospital 35 AD-2 Adamawa North East 152,955 3,186.57 Farming None 36 AD-3 Adamawa North East 377,914 5,904.90 Farming, Trading School, Hospital 37 AD-4 Adamawa North East 313,324 5,310.58 Farming Primary and Secondary school, Hospital 38 AD-5 Adamawa North East 110,304 2,565.21 Farming, Trading Primary School, Hospital 39 AD-6 Adamawa North East 64,374 6,226.66 Farming, Cattle breeding Primary and Secondary School, Hospital 40 BC-1 Bauchi North East 386,168 3,510.62 Farming Primary & Secondary school, Dispensary 41 BC-2 Bauchi North East 764,354 5,382.77 Farming, Petty-trade Primary health care, Primary & Secondary schools, Dispensary 42 BC-3 Bauchi North East 392,709 6,233.48 Farming, Petty-trade Primary health care, Primary & Secondary school 43 BC-4 Bauchi North East 465,228 10,113.70 Farming, Petty-trade Primary health care, Primary & Secondary school 44 BC-5 Bauchi North East 622,369 9,878.88 Farming, Livestock farming None 45 BO-1 Borno North East 440,534 14,210.80 Farming, Trading Clinic, Primary & Secondary Schools, Fish, Sugar Cane Mkt 46 BO-2 Borno North East 191,758 5,326.60 Farming Central Primary School, Primary health care 47 BO-3 Borno North East 382,742 9,813.89 Farming Primary & Secondary schools, Primary health centre 48 BO-4 Borno North East 495,573 9,717.11 Farming Clinic, Primary & Secondary School, Monday & Daily Markets 49 BO-5 Borno North East 377,828 11,112.60 Farming, Petty-trading Special Hospital for disabled children, Primary School, Primary Health Centre, General Hospital 50 BO-6 Borno North East 106,606 7,107.08 Animal Rearing Clinic, Primary & Secondary Schools, Quranic School, Daily Market

Page 84

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 84| 100 51 BO-7 Borno North East 254,260 4,622.91 Farming Market, Primary and Secondary Schools, Police Post 52 GO-1 Gombe North East 382,923 4,973.02 Farming, Livestock farming Primary school 53 GO-2 Gombe North East 71,729 1,698.46 Farming, Petty-trading Primary school, Primary health care 54 GO-3 Gombe North East 135,739 2,163.10 Farming 2 Primary health centres, Primary & Secondary school 55 GO-4 Gombe North East 252,743 2,197.76 Farming, Trading Primary & Secondary schools, Primary health centres 56 TR-1 Taraba North East 149,658 5,986.31 Farming , Petty-trading Government Primary & Secondary School, Dispensary 57 TR-2 Taraba North East 151,296 6,578.09 Farming, Petty-trading Primary school, Maternity Clinic 58 TR-3 Taraba North East 195,535 7,821.38 Farming, Trading Primary & Secondary schools, Health Care Centre 59 TR-4 Taraba North East 230,984 8,883.99 Farming, Petty-trading Primary school, Healthcare centre 60 TR-5 Taraba North East 239,161 11,958.10 Farming, Trading, Logging Primary Healthcare, CSDP, Primary & Secondary school, Mambila coffee research Institute 61 TR-6 Taraba North East 133,822 5,147.01 Farming & Trading Primary Healthcare, Primary & Secondary schools 62 YB-1 Yobe North East 375,920 9,892.64 Farming Primary health care, Primary schools, Universal Basic Education 63 YB-2 Yobe North East 706,546 11,039.80 Farming, Trading Primary & Secondary school, General hospital, Government Primary and secondary school 64 YB-3 Yobe North East 183,802 8,752.48 Farming and Trading Clinic, Primary and Secondary Schools, Daily Mkt 65 YB-4 Yobe North East 203,740 3,512.75 Farming, Cattle rearing, Petty-trading Nigerian-Army Special Forces training school, Primary health care, Primary & Secondary schools, Dispensary. 66 YB-5 Yobe North East 177,467 4,328.47 Dispensary, Primary & Secondary schools, Primary health care Beniseeds, Guinea-Corn, Millet 67 EK-1 Ekiti South West 13,000 458.25 Farming (Cocoa, Oil Palm) Primary Schools/Health Centres 68 LA-1 Lagos South West 992 243.56 Farming, Fishing Palace of Kabiesi Oriba Land, Oriba Primary, Junior Secondary and Senior Secondary School 69 OD-1 Ondo South West 69,808 2,573.42 Logging Primary School, Health Centre 70 OD-2 Ondo South West 72,315 1,648.07 Logging Primary and Secondary Schools, Health Centre 71 OG-1 Ogun South West 30,187 1,677.31 Logging Primary and Secondary Schools, Health Centre 72 OG-2 Ogun South West 60,213 2,964.12 Farming Primary School, Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro 73 OS-1 Osun South West 45,926 1,131.74 Logging Primary, Secondary Schools, Health Centres 74 OY-1 Oyo South West 223,611 7,453.71 Farming Primary, Secondary Schools, Health Centres 75 OY-2 Oyo South West 152,787 5,268.52 Farming Primary Schools, Health Centres

Page 85

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 85| 100 76 OY-3 Oyo South West 90,267 3,761.12 Farming Primary Schools, Health Centres 77 AK-1 Akwa Ibom South South 12,561 259.63 Farming, Fishing, Petty-trading Secondary/ River/ Untarred 78 BY-1 Bayelsa South South 114,148 3,774.93 Farming, Fish Farming, Petty-trading, Plantation farming River 79 CR-1 Cross River South South 185,054 6,393.85 Farming, Petty-trading, Boat transportation Tarred/ Untarred/ Footpath 80 CR-2 Cross River South South 203,279 4,413.44 Fish-farming, Farming, Petty-trading 81 DE-1 Delta South South 145,057 4,798.67 Farming, Fishing Tarred/ Untarred/No Road 82 ED-1 Edo South South 78,264 3,074.96 Fish farming, Farming, Petty-trading Tarred/ Untarred 83 ED-2 Edo South South 62,445 3,103.78 Lumbering, Farming, Petty-trading Secondary/Tarred/ Untarred 84 RV-1 Rivers South South 123,815 2,073.23 Fishing, Farming, Petty-trading Secondary/ River 85 BN-1 Benue North Central 339,695 4,365.19 Farming Schools, Primary Health Centres 86 BN-2 Benue North Central 502,024 6,538.15 Farming Schools, Churches, Primary health care 87 BN-3 Benue North Central 585,726 4,893.07 Farming Primary healthcare, Schools 88 FC-1 FCT, Abuja North Central 110,458 1,534.14 Farming Primary health care 89 FC-2 FCT, Abuja North Central 80,819 1,816.24 Farming, Livestock farming Health centres, Market, Junior Secondary School 90 KG-1 Kogi North Central 102,988 7,787.69 Farming Schools, Health Centres. 91 KG-2 Kogi North Central 130,500 3,260.45 Farming Schools, Primary health care 92 KG-3 Kogi North Central 168,776 3,364.50 Farming Schools & Primary health centre 93 KW-1 Kogi North Central 122,443 9,365.03 Farming Schools, Primary Health Centres 94 KW-2 Kogi North Central 104,861 7,490.06 Farming Schools, Primary Health care 95 KW-3 Kwara North Central 204,981 6,943.25 Farming General hospital, Schools, Primary Health Care 96 NA-1 Nassarawa North Central 171,954 6,888.07 Farming Primary Health Centres, Schools 97 NA-2 Nassarawa North Central 298,256 4,543.19 Farming Markets & Primary health centre 98 NA-3 Nassarawa North Central 221,818 5,403.67 Farming General Medical Centre, Schools 99 NG-1 Niger North Central 208,342 4,845.17 Farming Schools 100 NG-2 Niger North Central 289,019 8,257.68 Farming Primary health care, Police Station 101 NG-3 Niger North Central 345,673 7,856.18 Farming Schools 102 NG-4 Niger North Central 291,410 8,570.89 Farming Schools, Primary Health Centres

Page 86

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 86| 100 103 NG-5 Niger North Central 360,495 10,013.74 Farming School 104 NG-6 Niger North Central 97,658 8,138.14 Farming Primary health centres, Schools 105 NG-7 Niger North Central 111,963 5,892.80 Farming Primary health centre, Schools 106 PL-1 Plateau North Central 402,943 3,145.99 Farming Primary health centre, Schools 107 PL-2 Plateau North Central 313,632 4,620.37 Farming Primary health centre, Schools 108 PL-3 Plateau North Central 299,103 4,228.26 Farming Primary health centre, Schools 109 PL-4 Plateau North Central 159,344 5,494.61 Farming Primary health centre, Schools 110 AB-1 Abia South East 14,970 97.65 Farming 111 AN-1 Anambra South East 55,904 721.08 Farming/Fishing Primary & Secondary Schools, Primary Health Care 112 EB-1 Ebonyi South East 166,983 833.64 Farming and Fishing Health Centre, Primary School 113 EN-1 Enugu South East 77,405 883.42 Farming Pry Sch, Ch, Maternity Centre, Sec Sch, Clinic 114 IM-1 Imo South East 2,428 213.75 Family Total 31,157,774 564,037.90

Page 87

Page 88

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 - 2025 Page 88 | 100 7.2 APPENDIX C: PILLARS 7.2.1 INFRASTRUCTURE NOTES Documents Referenced: 1. CyberCrime__Prohibition_Prevention_etc__Act__2015 2. FTTH Handbook_2017_V8_FINAL. 3. Framework for the Development of National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan (Dr. Shamsudeen Usman). 4. National-Integrated-Infrastructure-Master-Plan (Ministry of National Planning). 5. National broadband Plan (2013 – 2018). 6. Terms of Reference (ToR) for the Infrastructure Sub-Committee. 7. Making the Second Nigerian National Broadband Plan More Realistic (ATCON). 8. Presentation to Presidential Committee on National Broadband Plan 2020 –2025 (Paradigm Initiative). 9. Review of Nigeria Broadband Plan 2013-2019: Status of targets and proposed updates for consideration in the 2020-2025 plan (A4AI). 10. The Importance of Digital Identity Development in Nigeria (NIMC). 11. Laying and Crossing of Optical Fibre Cables on Waterways and its Rights (NIWA) 12. NNPC Broadband Journey (NNPC). 13. NRC Input on the National Broadband Plan (2020 – 2025) (NRC). 14. Measures in Providing access and Services in Very difficult to reach Areas 15. National Broadband Plan_Presentation by Infrastructure Sub-Committee. 16. Report of Right of Way Dispute Resolution by FEC between Works Ministry and NIWA. 17. RoW Proposal (Sidi Dennis). 18. Securing Broadband Infrastructure in Nigeria 7.2.1.1 Criminal Justice Miscellaneous Provisions Act – Extract CRIMINAL JUSTICE (MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS) ACT ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS SECTION 1. Damage to telecommunication works an offence. 2. Damage to electricity lines, etc., an offence. 3. Damage, etc., to oil pipelines an offence. 4. Ascertainment of damage under this Act. 5. Punishment for parties to offences under this Act. 6. Power to arrest without warrant. 7. Trials and prosecution of offences. 8. Repeals. 9. Interpretation. 10. Short title. SCHEDULE Enactments repealed CRIMINAL JUSTICE (MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS) ACT

Page 89

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 89| 100 An Act to provide stiffer penalties for damages to telephone communication works, electricity transmission lines and oil pipelines and to enable armed patrols arrest any person committing an offence under this Act. [Commencement.] [16th October, 1975] 1. Damage to telecommunication works an offence (1) Any person who willfully and unlawfully- (a) destroys, damages or removes any telecommunication works; or (b) otherwise prevents or obstructs the sending or delivering of a communication by means of telecommunication, shall be guilty of an offence under this Act. (2) Any person found guilty of an offence under subsection (1) of this section shall, on conviction be liable- (a) in the case of an offence under paragraph (a) of subsection (1), to a fine of two times the value of any such telecommunication works as might have been destroyed, damaged or removed by him or N2,000, whichever is higher, or to imprisonment for ten years or to both such fine and imprisonment; or (b) in the case of an offence under paragraph (b) of subsection (1), to a fine of N500 or to imprisonment for three years or to both such fine and imprisonment. 2. Damage to electricity lines, etc., an offence (1) Any person who willfully and unlawfully- (a) destroys, damages or removes any electricity lines; or (b) destroys or damages any main transmission line or removes anything connected therewith; or (c) otherwise prevents or obstructs the transmission of electricity through any electricity or main transmission line, shall be guilty of an offence under this Act. (2) Any person found guilty of an offence under subsection (1) of this section shall, on conviction be liable- (a) in the case of an offence under paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (1), to a fine of two times the value of any such electricity line or any main transmission line or part thereof as might have been destroyed, damaged or removed by him or N2, 000, whichever is higher, or to imprisonment for ten years or to both such fine and imprisonment; or (b) in the case of an offence under paragraph (c) of subsection (1), to a fine of N500 or to imprisonment for three years or to both such fine and imprisonment. 3. Damage, etc., to oil pipelines an offence (1) Any person who willfully and unlawfully- (a) destroys, damages or removes any oil pipelines or installation connected therewith; or (b) otherwise prevents or obstructs the flow of oil along any such oil pipelines or interferes with any installation connected therewith, shall be guilty of an offence under this Act. (2) Any person found guilty of an offence under subsection (1) of this section shall, on conviction be liable- (a) in the case of an offence under paragraph (a) of subsection (1), to a fine of two times the value of any such oil pipeline or installation as might have been destroyed, damaged or removed, or of any oil that might have escaped as a result of such destruction, damage or removal N2, 000, whichever is higher, or to imprisonment for ten years or to both such fine and imprisonment; or (b) in the case of an offence under paragraph (b) of subsection (1), to a fine of N500, or imprisonment for three years or to both such fine and imprisonment.

Page 90

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 90| 100 4. Ascertainment of damage under this Act For the purposes of this Act, the certificate of any of the following persons shall be conclusive evidence as to any sum to be ascertained pursuant to the relevant provision hereinafter mentioned, that is to say (a) in the case of section 1 (2) (a) of this Act, of the Director of Telecommunications; (b) in the case of section 2 (2) (a) and (b) of this Act, of the General Manager of the National Electric Power Authority; and (c) in the case of section 3 (2) (a) of this Act, of the Director of Petroleum Resources. 5. Punishment for parties to offences under this Act Any person who- (a) aides, counsel, abets or procures any person to commit an offence under section 1,2 or 3 of this Act; or (b) conspires with any person to commit an offence under section 1, 2 or 3 of this Act, whether or not he is present when the offence is committed, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence as a principal offender and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly under this Act. 6. Power to arrest without warrant (1) An armed patrol may arrest, without warrant, any person reasonably suspected of having committed or of being about to commit an offence under this Act, and an armed patrol may use minimum force to effect the arrest of that person or to prevent his escape. (2) The foregoing provisions of this section shall have effect- (a) without prejudice to any other power conferred by any law on members of the Nigeria Police Force or members of the Armed Forces of the Federation; and (b) notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any law. 7. Trials and prosecution of offences (1) Offences under this Act shall be triable summarily by the appropriate High Court and the provisions of Chapter 4 of the Criminal Procedure Act or, where applicable, Chapter 18 of the Criminal Procedure Code Law, shall apply accordingly. [Cap. C41.] (2) The prosecution of offences under this Act shall be at the instance of the Attorney-General of the Federation. 8. Repeals The provisions of the enactments specified in the Schedule to this Act and in so far as those provisions are in force anywhere in Nigeria, are hereby repealed to the extent specified in that Schedule, and all other enactments to the like effect are similarly repealed. 9. Interpretation In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires- "Armed patrol" means any patrol comprising either both armed members of the Nigeria Police Force and armed members of the Armed Forces of the Federation or only armed members of the Nigeria Police Force or of the Armed Forces; "Electricity line" and "main transmission line" have the meanings assigned thereto in section 44 (2) of the National Electric Power Authority Act; [Cap. N33.] "Oil" means crude oil within the meaning of the Petroleum Act and any refined products thereto; "Oil pipeline" has the meaning assigned thereto by section 11 (2) of the Oil Pipelines Act; [Cap. 07.]

Page 91

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 91| 100 "Telecommunication works" means a wire or wires used for the purpose of telegraph or telephone communications, with any casing, coating, tube, pipe, insulator or post enclosing or supporting the same or any apparatus connected therewith, and includes- (a) any apparatus for transmitting messages or other matters, including television, by means of electric signals either by overhead lines or underground cable or cables lying under water; and (b) any apparatus for transmitting messages with or without wires. 10. Short title This Act may be cited as the Criminal Justice (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act. SCHEDULE [Section 8.] Enactments repealed Title Chapter Extent of Repeal Criminal Code Act Cap. C38 Section 84 and 185 Oil Pipelines Act Cap. O7 Section 24(2) Penal Code Cap. 89 Laws of Northern Nigeria 1963 Section 467 CRIMINAL JUSTICE (MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS) ACT SUBSIDIARY LEGISLATION No Subsidiary Legislation

Page 92

Page 93

Page 94

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 94| 100 7.2.1.3 IXPN is now localizing 50% of the traffic for most of the connect service providers, the growth in local traffic is mostly attributed to the connection of some global content providers, such as Google, Facebook, and Microsoft. To reach the 80% target of localization for internet traffic by the year 2025, government must promote local hosting of all Nigerian digital content/websites and at the same time creating an enabling environment for data centres to thrive. 7.2.2 POLICY/SPECTRUM NOTES NOTES ON SPECTRUM POLICY: Transparency in the regulatory processes that award and regulate the utilization of spectrum, with a special focus on promoting healthy beneficial competition, is seen critical towards encouraging improvement in investor confidence in the Nigerian telecoms market. Fair and Competitive Access to Spectrum: ‘High Demand Spectrum’ refers to spectrum that is insufficient to accommodate demand by operators. Currently in Nigeria, given the primary dependence on wireless spectrum for broadband, demand is high in the spectrum bands highlighted in Fig 7.1.1 below. Figure 7.1.1: Assignment of High Demand Spectrum in Nigeria 2020 Source: NCC As a limited resource, spectrum, each band with its inherent propagation characteristics, is limited and of high economic value. As such, the process of awarding and regulating spectrum should be geared towards efficient use in order to achieve the set short and long-term objectives of broadband targets for connectivity and access.

Page 95

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 95| 100 The Radio Frequency Spectrum Spectrum is the life blood of everything that is mobile. Beyond mobile broadband, several other sectors engaged in wireless activities and or providing wireless services also covet the increasingly scarce spectrum -- from broadcasters and satellite service providers to those engaged in astronomy and science, from those engaged in serving maritime traffic to those providing navigation and global positioning services, not to mention state actors engaged in law enforcement, national defense and in providing PPDR (Public Protection and Disaster Relief) services. And, as mobile and wireless services gain increasing salience in society, the fight over spectrum among various public and private sector players is likely to intensify. The challenge for regulators and policymakers engaged in the articulation and implementation of the National Digital Broadband Plan with respect to spectrum is to, first, balance the needs of the state versus the needs of the society, and then, in the social realm, balance the needs of various sectors seeking to utilize spectrum to offer useful services. Since different market sectors fall within the purview of different regulatory agencies – mobile broadband and broadcasting, for instance – the struggle between market actors often also translates into struggle between state agencies regulating them. Value of the radio frequency spectrum Radio spectrum is a national resource of considerable value. Radio spectrum use can be assumed to contribute between billions of USD to gross national product every year- either directly, as in spectrum auctions and licensing fees, or indirectly through taxes on commercial activity its usage supports. It is therefore important that the spectrum resource is utilized to create maximum socio-economic benefit for society and help achieve socio-political goals, such as inclusion of the marginalized groups. Since even a minor increase in efficiency in the use of the radio frequency spectrum can contribute positively to economic growth and also meet political objectives of the society, it is important that the National Digital Broadband Plan consider a judicious allocation of spectrum in a manner that provides the greatest benefit to society. Spectrum Management Regulatory rules and conditions in the regime need to be clear, non-discriminatory and easily manageable. They need to enhance competition between sectors and market players in a manner that invites investments that can help society reap the benefits of digitalization underway and support the development of new mobile technologies and platforms – such as 5G – that can address social challenges in an effective manner. Of course, the increasing ability of new technologies to reduce diverse information types – images and text, numbers and sounds into a single bit stream transmitted on a shared digital pathway and the concurrent convergence of information processing and telecommunications around a common digital language (aka digitalization) has blurred erstwhile clear sectoral boundaries – for instance, between telecoms and broadcasting. This has made the task of policymaker and regulators more complex, and the plan must seek to find a meaningful solution to this challenge. After all, any doctrine of fairness would demand that similar services should be subject to the similar costs and regulatory conditions. In contrast, there are services that may be similar in nature – communications, for instance – that may legitimately be managed under somewhat different regulatory conditions owing to the nature of the service they provide. Consider communication services pertaining to public safety and national security,

Page 96

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 96| 100 that may well be deemed privileged. But even here, a modernized spectrum regime should seek to develop rules and regulation that are flexible enough to deal with emerging technology trends that may soon erase any meaningful difference in the robustness of commercial public networks and special use PPDR networks. Of course, some services, like defense communication services, will probably continue to remain separate, mainly because of specific needs of confidentiality, redundancy, resilience and security. The current competition deployment model is also normally not providing rural coverage expansion at a speed that Government wants to see in the future when 5G is being deployed. Connectivity in underserved remote areas is important to national policies facing opinions of consumers, to service providers for reasons of public acceptance, and to satisfy the regulatory conditions in Nigeria. When expanding coverage in remote areas under current circumstances, it may imply an undesirable local monopoly, suggesting that only one service provider would find grounds to expand in to such a remote area due to a low consumer base to sustain commercial opportunities. Notwithstanding that rural coverage might in the future be driven by the need for national security and public safety connectivity, internet of things, industry and consumer need for home broadband services as an alternative to fibre connections, is regarded to be a matter of urgency to identify viable solutions for all mobile and home broadband networks and services. So, effective planning needs to be undertaken to ensure that spectrum is utilized to support the country’s socio-economic objectives. Therefore there is a need to plan and release for deployment of the 3.5GHz band. This will offer an opportunity for sub-1GHz spectrum to be aggregated with 3.5 GHz for use to cover large areas to provide FWA that will evolve to 5G. Transparency in the regulatory processes that award and regulate the utilization of spectrum, with a special focus on promoting healthy beneficial competition, is seen critical towards encouraging improvement in investor confidence in the Nigerian telecoms market. Fair and Competitive Access to Spectrum: ‘High Demand Spectrum’ refers to spectrum that is insufficient to accommodate demand. Currently in Nigeria, given the primary dependence on wireless spectrum for broadband, demand is high in the spectrum bands shown in Fig 7.1.1 above. In reviewing the spectrum chart of Fig. 7.1.1 above, it has been observed that from 2009 to date, only two (2) out of the seventeen licensed slots i.e. a 30Mhz TDD slot in the 2.3 GHz band won by Bitflux for open access wholesale services, and the other a FDD slot in the 2.6Ghz band won by MTN for WLL service, have been sold through a competitive process, but even at that, through an inefficiently designed auction. In order to improve the situation for both government and citizens going forward, the process of awarding and regulating spectrum should henceforth be geared towards efficient use in order to achieve the set short and long-term objectives of broadband targets for connectivity and access. Furthermore it is herein recommended that the ”Use it or Lose it” policy be vigorously enforced and appropriate modifications to the guidelines be carried out to make this effective.

Page 97

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 97| 100 7.2.3 DEMAND DRIVERS NOTES Government to incentivize local assembly of smart phones with pioneer status and other viable waivers of duties, taxes and levies for them to assemble smartphones locally. This will create local jobs for the Nigerian youth. Also, imposing high taxes and duties on any smart phone imported into the country, will help to protect OEMs that are assembling Smartphones locally. Government intervention towards smart device would drive the required volume of sales for the local manufacturers, hence making it a successful venture. It is equally anticipated that such devices would give Nigeria source of additional source of revenue through exports to neighboring countries. With 62% literacy level in Nigerian, a sizable part of the population cannot go online due to lack of education or language barriers. Consequently, it is imperative for government to encourage creation of educational/vocational digital content in local languages. NITDA, NCC and USPF to collaborate in siting of community centers to reduce duplication and to ensure sustainability of the project. 7.2.4 FUNDING & INCENTIVES NOTES Documents Referenced: 1. National Broadband Plan 2013-2018 2. WORLD BANK_Nigeria Broadband Infrastructure - Innovative Business Models Presentation: Presented at the NBP Committee Meeting 3. Deloitte, FICCI, Ministry of Communications of India (2016). Broadband Infrastructure for Transforming India. [online] India, pp.23-30. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/in/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/in-tmt-broadband-infrastructure-for-transforming-india-noexp.pdf. 4. A new partnership model promises mobile broadband for rural populations, DEVEX WORLD 2020, 27 February 2019. 5. https://www.oecd.org/ict/4d/43631862.pdf 6. https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/internet/fnds.htm The Committee reviewed and benchmarked Mozambique for last mile connectivity. NATIONAL BACKBONE AND LAST MILE Mozambique: Underserved areas were determined and divided into clusters. Interested bidders were invited to build, operate and manage for at least a 10-year period. The selected project is fully funded by the universal service funds.

Page 98

Page 99

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 - 2025 Page 99 | 100 7.4 APPENDIX E: PRESIDENTIAL COMMITTEE 2020 - 2025 NATIONAL BROADBAND PLAN Ms Funke Opeke (CHAIRPERSON) CEO MainOne Cable Company Nigeria Ltd Dr. Bashir Gwandu (VICE-CHAIRPERSON) Former Executive Commissioner, NCC Prof. Mohammed Bashir Mu’azu Dept. of Computer Engineering, ABU Zaria Mohammed Rufai CTO, MTN Nigeria Communication Plc. Muhammad Rudman President NIRA, MD/CEO IXPN Engr. Ngozi Ogujiofor Director, Telecoms and Postal Services (TPS), FMoCDE Mohammed C. Babajika Director Licensing & Authorization, NCC Ibrahim Dikko MD/CEO BCN Nigeria Limited Akinwale Goodluck Head of Sub-Saharan Africa, GSMA Engr. Ibraheem Mohammed MD/CEO Gama Global Associates Ltd. AbdulHakim Ajijola Consultancy Support Services Ltd Osondu Nwokoro Green Fields Law Engr. Femi Williams Representative Nigerian Computer Society Ahmad Abubakar Bello Dynatech Solutions System Ltd Ayuba Shuaibu Ag. Executive Sec. USPF Engr. Ubale Ahmed Maska (Member & Secretary) Executive Commissioner NCC Bello Hayatudeen Head, Virtual Assets & Cyber Intelligence, NFIU Mr. Olusola Teniola President, ATCON Dr Abdullahi Gambo Usman (Member & Deputy Secretary) Director Information Technology Infrastructure Solutions, NITDA Lt. Col. Aminu Ingawa AD-ICT, Defense Space Administration Fatima Ibrahim-Haruna ALTON Engr. AbdulRaheem Adajah NIGCOMSAT Sidi Dennis FMW&H Aremu Ade A. MFB&NP Engr. Martin Ahachi Director, Strategic Projects Galaxy Backbone Dr. T.A. Gaga Director ICT, NIPOST Ubong Essien Nigerian Governors Forum Arc. Yusuf Kazaure Chairman, NIGCOMSAT Mr. Stanley Jegede Executive Chairman Phase3 Telecom

Page 100

The Nigerian National Broadband Plan 2020 – 2025 P a g e 100| 100 Mrs. Rakiya Shuaibu Mohammed Director IT, CBN Rev. Sunday Folayan MD, General Data Engineering Services Engr. Fidelis Onah (PhD) Consultant, Former Director Technical Standard & Network Integrity, NCC Dr. Olufemi Adeluyi FMoCDE, Coordinator Mr Mukhtar M. Sadiq FMoCDE, Coordinator Engr. A.J. Maina NCC, Secretariat Engr. Usman Aliyu NCC, Secretariat Newman Omigie PhD. FMoCDE, Secretariat Engr. Bello Usman FMoCDE, Secretariat Engr. Nura Falalu NCC, Secretariat Engr. Remigius Okoro NCC, Secretariat Oji Ndukwe Uche FMoCDE, Secretariat Engr. Ighor Kenobi FMoCDE, Secretariat Nyam Emmanuel FMoCDE, Secretariat Mrs. Unekwuojo Halliday NCC, Secretariat Egomaron Jegede Deloitte & Touche Albert Okpala Deloitte & Touche Belinda Danquah Ernst & Young Emmanuel C. Ugah Ernst & Young