Issue 6 : simplebooklet.com

3Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016GET IN TOUCH: Hannah Ashton – Editorhannah@animaltherapymedia.co.uk Georgia Keegan – Editorgeorgia@animaltherapymedia.co.uk Beth Lorraine - Sales Manager info@animaltherapymedia.co.ukwww.animaltherapymedia.co.ukWhile every eort has been made to ensure that information is correct at the time of going to print, Animal erapy Media Ltd cannot be held responsible for the outcome of any action or decision based on the information contained in this publication/website. e publishers or authors do not give any warranty for the completeness or accuracy for this publication’s content, explanation or opinion. No part of this publication and/or website may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form without prior written permission of Animal erapy Media Ltd and/or the authors of the articles within. Permission is only deemed valid if approval is in writing.Front cover: Professor Noel Fitzpatrick Photo: Robbie Robo-Dog 6EquiSal 10Spatex 14Physiotherapy for Performance 16Photizo 20Forward Symposium 22Anna Webb 26Ultrasound 32Canine Massage Guild 36McTimoney 38Mind and Muscle 41Tony Nevin 46Sherry Scott 50M A G A Z I N EAnimalerapyWelcome! As 2016 draws to a close (we can’t believe we are well into October already) the team at Animal erapy Magazine can look back at a fantastic year.e conferences we have attended have lead us to make many new friends and build fantastic partnerships with companies of all shapes and sizes but all with the common goal of providing a product or service that can enhance the life of animals.November sees us at the Excel Centre in London, supporting the London Vet show. is is a fantastic event, brilliant speakers, great trade stands and lots of like minded people. Do come along if you can.We have so much to look forward to in 2017. We will be media partners to e Vet Festival again in June and we also have the SPATEX event and the FORWARD symposium early in the year. Please see inside for more details. Both are fantastic events and highly recommended for all professionals.ank you, as always, to all our supporters, advertisers, writers and subscribers. We couldn’t do it without you and we hope you all have a fantastic Christmas and New Year.ISSUE 6 - AUTUMN 2016Issued QuarterlyCONTENTS

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4Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016Healthy Happy Pets From The Outside InCall or email nowto find out about thebenefits of re-sellingLeucillininfo@leucillin.co.uk www.leucillin.co.uk 0345 548 9800pH neutral, non-toxic,100% safe to ears, eyes, sensitive or allergy prone skinLeucillin is an effective and reliable first aid, sanitizingand skin management tool, out-performing otherproducts with Log710 99.99999% results, Leucillinprovides you with a powerful solution that just works.Stable skin pH neutral; Leucillin is a safe, non-toxic,non-irritant Hypochlorous solution for use on all skintypes, it has no COSHH requirements and providesreliable patient aftercare with excellent results.Mirroring and supporting the body’s immune system,Leucillin replicates the leukocytes naturally producedchemical used to fight infection caused by invadingmicroorganisms, Leucillin destroys harmful pathogenson contact.Leucillin is a versatile easy to use solution suitable foruse on sensitive and allergy prone skin types, Leucillin’ssoothing and calming formula helps manage thesymptoms of allergy suffers and prevents infection.Leucillin has a wide and varied range of uses andcapabilities within all areas of animal healthcare andis suitable for mammals, birds and reptiles.Topical Antiseptic Skincare That Just WorksUSES AND APPLICATIONSFast, effective first aid careKills germs that can lead to infectionReduces antibiotic requirements for topical applicationsSafe cleansing for ears and around eyesInfection preventative for patient aftercareCleaning & sanitizing skin folds in brachycephalic breedsAftercare after the removal or excess mattingEffective skin calming for topical management of alleriesMaintains healthy itch free skinCleaning and flushing deep tissue or puncture woundsNon invasive care for nervous or non-domestic animalsCleans and freshens the coat of smelly skin suffersEN Tests achieved: EN13727: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Enterococcus hirae EN1276: Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus hiraeEN1500: Hand Rub EN13704: Clostridium difficileAnimalTherapy_FPApr16:Layout 1 03/10/2016 15:48 Page 2

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5Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016The density of the solid foams is modied according to the size of the bed, a higher density foam being used for larger heavier dogs. In this way, the support offered by the beds is always appropriate to the size and weight of the occupant. These beds are recommended for longer stay surgery and orthopaedic patients, using our clinical PU covers with waterproof fabric and welded seams.Patient Care in the HomeThe Active Recovery Bed may also be sold by the Practice to clients for use at home. Active Recovery Beds for use in domestic environments are offered with hard wearing upholstery fabric covers that are easy clean, waterproof, urine and stain resistance, and antibacterial and come in a wide range of colours.These beds will also benet working dogs, restoring muscles and contributing to alertness, decision making and overall functionality, ensuring that they are maintained in good health and always ready for the next day’s activity.Kennel BedsKennel Beds are combination of high density foam (7.5cm) topped by 2.5cm memory foam, designed for longer stay patients. This deep, supportive bed reduces the risk of bed sores developing, and provides a high quality sleep environment which will reinforce recovery. Kennel Beds can be made to measure and also come in seven standard sizes. The same welded cover fabric is used on the Kennel Bed.100% Designed andmade in the UK.www.bigdogbedcompany.co.uk@info@bigdogbedcompany.co.uk01491 641788All our bed covers are waterproof, antibacterial, antifungal, vapour permeable, urine and stain resistant. All fabrics and foams comply with CRIB 5 re retardancy regulations as a minimum. The weldable PU fabric is certied as meeting Oeko-Tex® Standard 100 for products that come into contact with babies. Antibacterial properties are provided by Santized Clariant Benelux. This fabric may be cleaned using disinfectants used in the health care sector.The Big Dog Bed Company designs and makes stylish, practical dog beds in the UK. The highest quality components and clever construction are combined to provide beds that are robust, good looking and easy care.Why Provide Good Quality Beds in Your Practice?Sleep is a vitally important contributor to animal health, wellbeing and behaviour. In a clinical environment, good quality sleep promotes recovery from surgery and reduces animal stress. General health is maintained at a higher level, contributing to the more rapid return of the animal to their home.The immune system requires good quality rest to function well and muscle repair only takes place when an animal is asleep. Appetite, important to recovery and an indicator of wellbeing, is negatively inuenced by tiredness and poor sleep quality. Physiological activities associated with cell growth and repair are increased during sleep. Hence, the provision of a comfortable sleeping environment for patients will contribute to satisfactory outcomes for practise patients and their owners.The benets of a well rested patient also contribute to the bottom line. An animal that is less stressed will be more cooperative when clinical activities are carried out, allowing these tasks to be completed more rapidly. Complications are minimised where general animal health is maintained and an improved rate of recovery allows patient to be discharged after a shorter stay, freeing up practice space and increasing capacity. The clinical products developed by the Big Dog Bed Company are designed to support excellence in veterinary care and to help in the delivery of the best possible outcomes for patients.80 x 60üü90 x 60üü120 x 60üü105 x 75üü120 x 85üü134 x 95üü145 x 105 üüBed Sizes (cm)Active RecoveryKennel BedsVetinery Pads are made to t practise crates.Made to Measure: All styles of clinical bed are available as a made to measure option.The density of the solid foams is modied according to the size of the bed, a higher density foam being used for larger heavier dogs. In this way, the support offered by the beds is always appropriate to the size and weight of the occupant. These beds are recommended for longer stay surgery and orthopaedic patients, using our clinical PU covers with waterproof fabric and welded seams.Patient Care in the HomeThe Active Recovery Bed may also be sold by the Practice to clients for use at home. Active Recovery Beds for use in domestic environments are offered with hard wearing upholstery fabric covers that are easy clean, waterproof, urine and stain resistance, and antibacterial and come in a wide range of colours.These beds will also benet working dogs, restoring muscles and contributing to alertness, decision making and overall functionality, ensuring that they are maintained in good health and always ready for the next day’s activity.Kennel BedsKennel Beds are combination of high density foam (7.5cm) topped by 2.5cm memory foam, designed for longer stay patients. This deep, supportive bed reduces the risk of bed sores developing, and provides a high quality sleep environment which will reinforce recovery. Kennel Beds can be made to measure and also come in seven standard sizes. The same welded cover fabric is used on the Kennel Bed.100% Designed andmade in the UK.www.bigdogbedcompany.co.uk@info@bigdogbedcompany.co.uk01491 641788All our bed covers are waterproof, antibacterial, antifungal, vapour permeable, urine and stain resistant. All fabrics and foams comply with CRIB 5 re retardancy regulations as a minimum. The weldable PU fabric is certied as meeting Oeko-Tex® Standard 100 for products that come into contact with babies. Antibacterial properties are provided by Santized Clariant Benelux. This fabric may be cleaned using disinfectants used in the health care sector.The Big Dog Bed Company designs and makes stylish, practical dog beds in the UK. The highest quality components and clever construction are combined to provide beds that are robust, good looking and easy care.Why Provide Good Quality Beds in Your Practice?Sleep is a vitally important contributor to animal health, wellbeing and behaviour. In a clinical environment, good quality sleep promotes recovery from surgery and reduces animal stress. General health is maintained at a higher level, contributing to the more rapid return of the animal to their home.The immune system requires good quality rest to function well and muscle repair only takes place when an animal is asleep. Appetite, important to recovery and an indicator of wellbeing, is negatively inuenced by tiredness and poor sleep quality. Physiological activities associated with cell growth and repair are increased during sleep. Hence, the provision of a comfortable sleeping environment for patients will contribute to satisfactory outcomes for practise patients and their owners.The benets of a well rested patient also contribute to the bottom line. An animal that is less stressed will be more cooperative when clinical activities are carried out, allowing these tasks to be completed more rapidly. Complications are minimised where general animal health is maintained and an improved rate of recovery allows patient to be discharged after a shorter stay, freeing up practice space and increasing capacity. The clinical products developed by the Big Dog Bed Company are designed to support excellence in veterinary care and to help in the delivery of the best possible outcomes for patients.80 x 60üü90 x 60üü120 x 60üü105 x 75üü120 x 85üü134 x 95üü145 x 105 üüBed Sizes (cm)Active RecoveryKennel BedsVetinery Pads are made to t practise crates.Made to Measure: All styles of clinical bed are available as a made to measure option.Choose from standard sizes or go bespoke Tel: 01491 641788 www.bigdogbedcompany.co.uk Big Dog Bed Company, 41 Bradley Road, Nueld, Henley-on Thames, Oxfordshire RG9 5SG• Active Recovery for medium and large dogs • Active Recovery Lite for small dogs • Cool Comfort option for dogs that overheatWaterproof, antibacterial fabrics with welded seams• Crate Mats• Kennel Beds• Operating Mattresses• Physiotherapy MatsPressure relief foam cushions for: • post-operative • orthopaedic • long stay patientsVISIT USON STAND C125LONDONEXCEL LONDON • 17-18 NOVEMBER 2016W W W . L O N D O N V E T S H O W . C O . U KVETSHOWWant to work with Animals?Animal Jobs Direct is a recognised and accredited training provider oering aordable courses to enhance career and employment prospects working with animals. We have recently developed 3 new courses specically designed for careers working in the Animal Therapy sector:Animal Hydrotherapy Diploma CourseThe ABC Awards Level 3 Diploma in animal hydrotherapy has been developed for careers working as an Animal Hydrotherapist or in a Veterinary career utilising hydrotherapy as a treatment. The course includes theory and practical training and completion results in a regulated and recognised qualication.Canine First Aid CourseThe AIM Awards Level 2 Award in Skills for Emergency Care for Dogs (RQF) is a regulated qualication providing theory and practical training aimed at learners who wish to or who are working in the dog care sector.Canine Massage Diploma CourseThe Canine Massage Diploma Level 3 course covers Canine Anatomy and Physiology, causes and treatments of injuries and conditions, types of massage and massage techniques.Contact us for free careers and training adviceTel: 0208 626 9646www.animal-job.co.uk

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6Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016ROBBIE was an 11 year old, male neutered, Tricolour Shetland Sheepdog (Sheltie), who had been coming to Pennard Vets, Sevenoaks, Kent, UK, for the last ve years now. Robbie was a beautiful and lovely little dog, owned by a very caring owner, Miss Steel from Chislehurst, who, over the years, has proved to be the most dedicated carer for Robbie.Robbie had, over the years, suered from lots of dierent conditions, including intestinal allergies/sensitivities, osteo-arthritis, paw injuries, bilateral shoulder injuries (mild MSI), dental disease, Cushing’s Disease, weight problems (partially due to his other problems!) and various benign skin tumours. For the last year or two, he also suered from various orthopaedic problems, in both his hind legs, but at slightly dierent times, mainly caused by a weakness / failure of the plantar ligament. is led to severe hyper-extension at the tarso-metatarsal joint level. (see pictures below).is was initially dealt with through orthopaedic operations (Calcaneo-quartal arthrodesis) on both hind legs, performed by two dierent specialist orthopaedic surgeons, but eventually both of these failed, due to lack of boney healing (chronically delayed unions / malunions, see X-rays opposite) and chronic recurrent infections and possible implant reactions, mainly due to some of Robbie’s other conditions, including his hormonal imbalance caused by the Cushing’s Disease. In the end, therefore, the orthopaedic implants unfortunately had to be removed. Robbie then had to again deal with collapsing hind legs and he got subsequent skin lesions to deal with as well! He also had very weak muscles and tendons, again due to his Cushing’s Disease, which made walking ever more dicult. For a long time, Robbie was on various medical treatments, including pain killers (NSAIDs and opioids), antibiotics and hormonal replacement therapy, and he had regular hydrotherapy (using an underwater treadmill) for his arthritis and muscle weakness and therapeutic (Class 4) K-LASER treatments for his recurrent skin lesions as well! e two latter treatments are not available everywhere, but at Pennard Vets, Sevenoaks, we have the most up-to-date modern complementary treatments available for all our patients. Although all the combined treatments gave Robbie some respite, it felt he needed more help with his functional movement. Pete van Dongen, Clinical Director at Pennard Vets, and a certied canine rehabilitation therapist (‘CCRT’, one of only 13 in the country), suggested that Robbie had ‘orthotics’, or orthopaedic braces, tted. ese were made-to-measure, by OrthoPets UK. Robbie’s legs had to be photographed, measured, x-rayed and casted to ensure they were manufactured precisely to his measurements. Aer a few weeks, Robbie’s ‘new legs’ were complete! (see picture opposite).by Pete van Dongen, Drs(Utrecht), MRCVS, CertVR, CCRT, Clinical Director at Pennard VetsRobbie the ‘Robo-Dog’!Canine Carecontinued overleaf

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8Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016PETE VAN DONGENInitially, when his orthotics were tted, Robbie struggled to use them, as they didn’t bend where his natural legs would (they were non-articulating at the tibio-tarsal joint), but he soon got used to using them. Within minutes he was walking around outside! Pete designed a programme of ever increasing lengths of time for Robbie to use his ‘new legs’. e programme was designed to reduce the stress on his other joints, while further therapeutic exercises supported and developed his general muscle weakness. In no time at all Robbie was now walking well without causing any further damage to his legs or skin, and without any pain! He could even sit, lie down and get up again, and he seemed happy and content. He would wear the orthotics whenever he went out with his mum. Miss Steel even sent us a video of him running in the eld and sning the owers and grass, something he had not done for quite some time! He was clearly a ‘new dog’ with his new legs.is interesting case highlights the many dierent treatment methods available to vets, their clients and their pets. Sophisticated specialist surgery, the use of many dierent modern drugs, the access to hydrotherapy, rehabilitation and physiotherapy, and therapeutic K-LASER treatment to name a but a few enabled little Robbie got to be ‘Robo-Dog’! Unfortunately, a few weeks later Robbie became ill, due to an unrelated illness, and the dicult decision had to be made. Miss Steel kindly agreed for this article to be written aer his death in the hope that it may help another dogs in the future. I would like to extend my gratitude and sincere condolences to her and her family. is is in memory of Robbie!K-LASER TreatmentHere is Pete Van Dongen performing K Laser treatment on another of his patients. Unfortunately we were unable to get photos of Robbie’s treatment.

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9Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016● Global Leaders in Class 4 LLLT Research: Morevalid research than any other company● State-of-the-art technology for Canine, Feline,Equine & Exotic species● The widest range of applications in the marketincluding acupuncture, OA, rehabilitation,wound healing & pain management● Evidence-based, market leading protocols in only3-8 minutes- use simple presets or design yourown specific to your requirements● The ONLY laser to be covered under Vet Treat-ment budget of pet insurance● The ONLY laser to offer lifetime diode guarantee& software updates: future proof your invest-ment● A range of Class 4 lasers to suit your budget● Market leading technical support, team supportand training● A key tool to differentiate your practice and im-prove revenue, with affordable payment optionsIt’s time for Class 4 Laser Therapy in your practiceBringing the futureto your practiceVisit our stand for ademonstration today!0845 528 0336www.vbsdirect.co.uk● Global Leaders in Class 4 LLLT Research: Morevalid research than any other company● State-of-the-art technology for Canine, Feline,Equine & Exotic species● The widest range of applications in the marketincluding acupuncture, OA, rehabilitation,wound healing & pain management● Evidence-based, market leading protocols in only3-8 minutes- use simple presets or design yourown specific to your requirements● The ONLY laser to be covered under Vet Treat-ment budget of pet insurance● The ONLY laser to offer lifetime diode guarantee& software updates: future proof your invest-ment● A range of Class 4 lasers to suit your budget● Market leading technical support, team supportand training● A key tool to differentiate your practice and im-prove revenue, with affordable payment optionsIt’s time for Class 4 Laser Therapy in your practiceBringing the futureto your practiceVisit our stand for ademonstration today!0845 528 0336www.vbsdirect.co.ukCall our oce to arrange a demonstration today!

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10Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016Eective management of tapeworm burdens in horsese revolutionary EquiSal test, using horse saliva to diagnose tapeworm burdens, was rst made available to horse owners in 2014. Validation of the test has since been published by Veterinary Clinical Pathology, and reports the accuracy of the saliva test in comparison to blood testing and to tapeworm numbers counted at post mortem.The importance of an accurate diagnostic test for tapeworm infectionsTapeworm infections pose a signicant threat to horse health as they are associated with clinical cases of colic. Of the three species of tapeworm capable of infecting horses Anoplocephala perfoliata is the most common worldwide. A. perfoliata adult worms can grow up to 8cm long by approximately 1.5cm wide. Although relatively small, they can cause signicant problems due to clustering around their preferred site for colonisation; the caecal wall and the ileocecal junction. Currently there are only two eective drugs for the control of tapeworm in horses, praziquantel and pyrantel pamoate. Resistance to anthelmintics has not yet been reported in tapeworms, but increasingly frequent reports of resistance to various anthelmintics in other equine parasites, such as cyathostomins, make it imperative for special attention to be paid to the management of tapeworm in horses. e potential for the development of resistance to the two available drugs could result in problems with the control of tapeworm burdens in the future. e intensity of infection in the horse is important to consider as larger burdens are more likely to cause colic symptoms, but even moderate burdens can result in damage to the intestinal mucosa. Given the correlation of infection intensity to horse intestinal health, and concerns for anthelmintic resistance, there is an increasingly recognised need for accurate diagnostic tests. Diagnostic tests for tapewormStandard faecal egg count (FEC) methods, such as the McMaster method, are widely used for detecting cyathostomins (redworms) and ascarids (roundworms) but, due to the way in which tapeworm eggs are released, these methods are generally considered unreliable for the diagnosis of tapeworm burdens. FECs tend to substantially underestimate the true level of tapeworm infection and sensitivity has been shown to be highly variable. A commercial blood test is available, however it requires a veterinarian to take the blood sample, resulting in the test being relatively expensive. EquiSal Tapeworm diagnostic testEquiSal Tapeworm detects tapeworm-specic antibodies in horse saliva to provide a tapeworm burden diagnosis of low, borderline or moderate/high. e test has the benet that horse owners themselves can collect the sample to send back to the laboratory for analysis. Scientic validation of the test has now been peer reviewed and is published in the journal Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Publication in a peer reviewed journal means that subject specialists have fully reviewed, or refereed, the research paper. by Dr Corrine Austin, scientist and director of Austin Davis Biologics.EQUISALcontinued overleaf

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12Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016erefore publication demonstrates the scientic quality of the EquiSal Tapeworm test, the reliability of ndings and that the research is of an accepted standard.To summarise the validation, serum and saliva samples were collected from horses at a UK abattoir where tapeworms had been counted. Samples were then analysed in the EquiSal Tapeworm test or blood test. EquiSal saliva scores had strong correlations with both tapeworm numbers and the blood test results. e majority of horses with one or more tapeworms at post-mortem were correctly identied by the test. e remaining few were diagnosed as being low but these horses had burdens considered by experts to be not pathogenic – less than 20 tapeworms present (pathogenic meaning capable of producing disease). Most importantly, no high burden (more than 20 tapeworms) horses were misdiagnosed by the test. is is similar to the current guidelines for redworm FEC, where a result of less than 200 eggs/gram is not considered harmful. e EquiSal Tapeworm Test can be relied upon to correctly identify the majority of horses with one or more tapeworms and correctly identify all horses with pathogenic burdens.In scientic terms, the EquiSal Tapeworm test has both high sensitivity (83%) and specicity (85%), which is important for correctly identifying horses with more than one tapeworm present, and the test has equivalent accuracy to the blood test. Salivary tapeworm-specic IgG(T) antibody half lifeIn an ongoing study, EquiSal® Tapeworm testing is carried out every 2 weeks following tapeworm treatment on horses diagnosed with tapeworm but with no access to grazing. Data collected so far (19 horses) shows that, 50% of horses’ saliva scores had reduced to low within 6 weeks, 90% had reduced within 10 weeks and the remaining 10% of horses taking a further 2 weeks to drop to low. is suggests that antibody responses in saliva have less memory to tapeworm infection than that reported for antibodies in blood.It is important to understand that the situation is complicated in grazing horses by the risk of reinfection from tapeworm larvae aer worming treatment. Tapeworm reinfection is evident in studies undertaken using in horses kept in poorly managed paddocks where reinfection can obviously happen very easily. But, given that the tapeworm’s life cycle requires an intermediate host (an oribatid mite), even well managed paddocks containing horses with high tapeworm burdens could harbour infected oribatid mites within the grass. is means that there is still a reinfection risk aer worming for horses grazing in these circumstances too.Mucosal versus systemic antibody responsesSalivary tapeworm-specic IgG(T) antibodies are part of the mucosal immune response to tapeworm infection. A previous study showed tapeworm-specic IgG(T) antibodies being produced at the site of infection and secreted as a local mucosal antibody response1. In contrast to humoral antibody responses (detected in blood testing), mucosal antibody responses have a much shorter persistence and immunological memory. It can, therefore, be reasonably concluded that the tapeworm-specic antibodies measured in the EquiSal® Tapeworm test are mucosal antibodies produced in the salivary glands by plasma cells that originated as recirculating (via the lymphatic system) B-blasts triggered in the gut submucosa at the site of infection2. It remains possible that low levels of humoral antibodies could leak into the saliva by transudation or passage through the gingival crevicular space; however, our data suggests that this is not a signicant factor.In summary, the EquiSal Tapeworm test has been scientically validated to accurately diagnose tapeworm burdens in horses and can be used to target worming for tapeworm burdens. Current advice is to integrate tapeworm testing into your existing worm egg count schedule by using EquiSal Tapeworm every 6 months before worming. EQUISALREFERENCES1. Pittaway CE, Lawson AL, Coles GC, Wilson AD. Systemic and mucosal IgE antibody responses of horses to infection with Anoplocephala perfoliata. Vet Parasitol. 2014;199:32-41.2. McGhee JR, Fujihashi K. Inside the mucosal immune system. PLoS Biol. 2012;10:e1001397

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14Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016e importance of knowing what’s in the water!SPATEX 2017Hydrotherapy pools have more than proved themselves when it comes to treating a variety of medical conditions in many dierent breeds of animal. But the treatment’s ecacy is only as good as the pool, its water content and the operator. Which is why an important diary date for early next year is Tuesday 31st January to ursday 2nd February when the UK’s leading annual pool and spa Exhibition, SPATEX 2017, takes place at Coventry’s Ricoh Arena. SPATEX 2017 is aimed at everyone involved in the provision or operation of animal hydrotherapy pools, spas and swimming pool facilities in general. Each year, SPATEX attracts a high level of visitors from all manner of disciplines, including hydrotherapy experts, pool operators, architects, designers, speciers, hoteliers, holiday parks, local authorities, leisure centers and spa owners and many more from around the world.Water chemistry and balancing is not the easiest of topics and it is subject to continual innovation. Which is why SPATEX, with its plethora of expertise, is a must-attend event for any therapist or operator of hydrotherapy pools wishing to stay ahead in their profession. Update your skill setSo much more than just an Exhibition, SPATEX prides itself on providing a double seminar programme on all three days of the Show, packed full of free essential advice and training. Led by esteemed experts from Industry bodies such as the Institute of Swimming Pool Engineers (ISPE), the wide variety of topics include guidance on the latest methods of water treatment and testing, commercial pool operation, covers, heating and ventilation, health and safety etc. All the seminars and workshops are free to attend and attendees are awarded CPD points and a certicate of attendance. For the extensive workshop and seminar programme please visit www.spatex.co.ukDedicated seminarA dedicated seminar on water testing and how to maintain good water quality in animal hydrotherapy pools will be held on Tuesday 31st January between 13.00 and 13.45 in the Ricoh Arena’s Ericsson Exhibition Hall (arena 2). Led by Howard Gosling FISPE, the renowned expert on water chemistry and former Chairman of the Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group (PWTAG), the special presentation will focus on the Standards for non-human use pools. is will be followed by a question and answer session. e seminar is free to attend and all are welcome.

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15Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016Howard says: “All forms of hydrotherapy including canine are growing in popularity and demand for training courses has doubled in the last year. is free seminar is not to be missed!”The latest innovationsAs the UK’s leading water Exhibition, SPATEX 2017 is the country’s largest showcase for all that is new and happening in pools and spas that are designed for all disciplines and demands. With well over a hundred companies exhibiting, from both home and abroad, the Show brings together under one roof all of the Industry’s major manufacturers and suppliers.It’s the ideal hunting ground for new products and gives you access to the latest energy and time saving innovations for animal hydrotherapy pools. You can be sure if it’s new, you will see it at SPATEX 2017 rst. Please go to www.spatex.co.uk for the impressive list of exhibitors. Make new contactsIf you have a specic query on a pool or its operation, then there are plenty of experts on hand to give free impartial advice. As 2017 is SPATEX’s 21st anniversary edition, there will be a special celebratory networking party aer the exhibition closes on the evening of Wednesday February 1st at the Ricoh Arena to which all exhibitors and visitors are warmly invited. Why not make a night of it? We have brokered a number of excellent hotel deals – please see www.spatex.co.uk for further details.Horses for coursesFor some medical conditions, normal weight bearing exercise may be dicult or impossible which is where the water’s buoyancy is ideal for providing support. Like pools used for humans, animal pools have their own specic set of rigorous guidelines that need to be observed in order to deliver eective treatment. For instance, good quality ltration is paramount with water turnover times scheduled hourly. Disinfection systems should be chlorine or bromine based and the water tested three times a day backed up with monthly bacteriological tests.e pool designs obviously vary depending on whether they are for canine or equine use. For dogs, the pools tend to be smaller than a human swimming pool and heated - a dog’s muscles benet from the warming eects of the heated water. Most pools have a ramp for entry and exit and some have harnesses to maintain the dog in position in the water. ere may be a manual or electric hoist for liing dogs in and out of the water. Some pools have jets and a counter current unit to add resistance and make the dog swim more vigorously. Canine water treadmills are growing in popularity too. Equine hydrotherapy pools are deeper and specially shaped to accommodate the horse. Horse spas are typically run at 5 degrees centigrade to take the heat out of the injury and to enable the horse to race again as soon as possible. Disposing of the horses’ euent is a challenge and makes constant water testing and balancing an absolute necessity. All this and much more will be covered in the dedicated seminar on Tuesday 31st January between 13.00 and 13.45. Don’t miss it! SPATEX 2017Tuesday 31st January to Thursday 2nd FebruaryEricsson Exhibition Hall, Ricoh Arena, CoventryVisitor registration is Free. The Ricoh Arena is easy to get to – just 500 yards o the M6 and within two hours commuting time of 75 per cent of the population, it oers 2,000 free on-site car parking spaces. For further information please contact Michele or Helen Tel: +44 (0) 1264 358558 www.spatex.co.uk

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16Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016SINCE Photizo® Vetcare’s UK debut in 2013 more Vets, Vet Nurses, Physiotherapists and other alternative practitioners are embracing the potential of Photizo® Vetcare, and the benets of Phototherapy. As a rechargeable, pocket sized (non invasive) treatment tool, Photizo® Vetcare delivers Phototherapy eciently and oers cost eective access to this modality, which promotes natural healing and aids recovery across a variety of conditions. From musculoskeletal injuries, atopic skin conditions, Photizo® Vetcare is also proving itself as an eective non-invasive tool in wound management. Photizo® Vetcare boasts a powerful combination of pre-programmed 31 second doses of pulsating red and Infra-red LED Phototherapy. It ensures a fast delivery of an eective evidence based dose of light /Phototherapy, which speeds up the natural healing process. Photizo® Vetcare creates biological eects at a cellular level to stimulatethe production of ATP, the cellular energy that is needed for healing and cellular regeneration. Vetcare also increases the blood supply to the wound, muscles and joints, reducing swelling and inammation. Helping with pain relief via the stimulation of endorphin and serotonin secretion, the combination of light treatment with Photizo® Vetcare increases the blood and lymph diameter, thereby increasing the removal of debris whilst promoting the inow of oxygen and nutrients, helping cells to function at optimum levels. In addition Vetcare stimulates broblast and collagen formation needed for wound closure, strong muscles and bone formation. Photizo® Vetcare’s near infrared light has been shown to increase immune system functioning. is means that a local treatment of a wound or muscular injury has a general immune enhancing eect helping to prevent any infections. Vet Surgeon, Berol Goede, helped develop the veterinary market in South Africa with cases studies on small animals, horses and wild-life (including cheetahs and a cockatoo). She explained: “In general veterinary work, the biggest use is bite wounds, chronic necrotic wounds and oozing abscesses. We use it to clean up septic wounds.”e unit is so simple and safe to use that it can be deployed at home by the animal’s carer or owner to accelerate recovery in between vet appointments or therapy sessions.NEMOEventer, Abi Dean, has incorporated Photizo® Vetcare into the pre and post work regime of her rescue horse, Nemo since the beginning of 2016. Nemo receives regular Photizo® sessions four to six times a week usually aer hard exercise.e journey to recovery that this brave Irish Sports Horse has endured is miraculous. It’s a testament to the care and rehabilitation oered by Abi, her vet, Ali Mead, and of course to Nemo himself. During his rescue in 2012 he suered a severe fall, yet malnourished Nemo made a full recovery from a severed hoof and split knees. Most recently Nemo has undergone surgery for 3 procedures including full laryngeal tie-back, hobday and so palate cauterisation and Abi Dean is convinced that Photizo® aided his extraordinary recovery, she explained:Photizo® Vetcare Using Modern Phototherapy - post surgery for wound healing and throughout rehabilitation for practitioners and clientsPHOTIZO®

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17Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016“I believe that Photizo® rapidly improved the healing process aer Nemo’s three procedures. Not only were the staples removed within the average time period, but the hobday open wound well-exceeded the rate of healing.” Despite being advised that the hobday would take anything up to 35 days from the date of surgery to heal, Nemo has been on 20 minutes of walking exercise since day ve of Photizo® treatment, only 14 days aer his major surgery. As soon as Nemo was receiving Photizo® treatment there was a clear display in change of personality and appetite, he began to try to whinny, his general manner was improved looking more willing and happy, and he was maneuvering the neck more. His appetite changed from one small bucket of hay 4 times per day to 8kg of hay three times per day fed in xxl bins at ground level. He displayed no signs of pain or discomfort while eating from day three.Most horses spend a minimum of 120 days on strict box rest aer this surgery. Nemo was given the all clear by Ali Mead, FEI Approved Vet (Badminton Horse Trials) to go back into full work on day 36 following the scope, which is less than one third of the normal recovery time for this type of procedure.MR TOMWhen Mr Tom a ve-year old Patterdale Terrier cross became paralysed overnight in October 2015, his owner pensioner and widow Maureen Richardson was totally devastated.With a poor prognosis from the local Vet, Maureen and her daughter, Tracey Hilder, were in shock. Despite advice that if Mr Tom didn’t make dramatic progress in 48 hours, their only option would be to put him to sleep, neither were ready to give up on Mr Tom.As Mr Tom was young, healthy and a typically naughty Terrier up until this sudden paralysis, Clion Lodge Vets agreed to support Tracey through an intensive rehabilitation programme. Without the funds for an immediate X-Ray, Tracey combined physiotherapy stretches, massage and hydrotherapy to help Mr Tom.In addition to weekly sessions at the K9 World Hydrotherapy, Tracey invested in a spa pool at home. She invented a simple harness /sling to help him along and get him to toilet. Working with Mr Tom everyday Tracey tirelessly helped the brave little terrier. In less than a month Mr Tom passed the ‘pinch’ test at Clion Lodge Vets that he’d failed previously. Slowly but surely Mr Tom regained the movement in his back legs. Aer four months the Vets were staggered that Mr Tom was trotting, toileting and back to his former self.Disaster struck in April 2016 when Mr Tom’s paralysis returned. Tracey and the family were shattered as they’d all fought so hard to help Mr Tom walk again.Not the sort to give up, Tracey read about healing potential of light therapy combining red and Infra-red LED Phototherapy at specic wave-lengths decided to give it a go.In only four days using Photizo® Vetcare the dierence in Mr Tom was miraculous. He was able to trot around the home and garden. Inspired by Mr Tom’s speedy recovery Tracey has continued Mr Tom’s daily light / Phototherapy treatment. Five months on and Mr Tom is up and running! He happily plays with Tracey’s two children Ella and Evhan. He’s lost weight and his Vet, Moira Hamilton, at Clion Lodge Vets is astounded at Mr Tom’s recovery.Moira commented: “Mr Tom is a strong dog and he wanted to walk again. Devastated by his set back, we prescribed anti-inammatories to aid his recovery. Without the family’s commitment to get Mr Tom walking by integrating physical therapies and Photizo® Phototherapy, Mr Tom may not have been so lucky.”Tracey is so impressed with Photizo® that she is now fund-raising to provide Photizo® Vetcare to her local rescue kennels, including Stray Aid on Coxhoe and Helping Pets North East. Ruth Milner, Managing Director of Danetre Health Products, the sole UK distributor for Photizo® Vetcare commented: “e convenience of Photizo® Vetcare is it’s a pocket sized rechargeable treatment tool. It is unique and appeals with its capacity to treat a large surface area with LED diodes. Unlike a laser beam, which transfers coherent, or near coherent light, LED emits a non-coherent light, which has a greater cover area. Whilst laser light can pose a risk to the eyes, with eyewear recommended, with LED light sources, there’s no risk, making its application much simpler and safer.”For more information visit:www.danetrehealthproducts.com/

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19Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016PREPARING and maintaining an elite equine athlete for a championship like the Olympic Games involves a carefully balanced program where every aspect of training, tness, feeding and routine scrutinised. A program that Canadian event rider Rebecca Howard and her seasoned campaigner, Riddle Master, ‘Rupert’ have been developing in their ten-years together as a partnership.Rebecca and Rupert have earned results at some of the most prestigious and challenging events in the world, including a 10th place nish in Rio this past summer and Lühmulen, Badminton, Burghley and Kentucky Horse Trials, as well as double-Olympic, Pan-American and World Equestrian Games experience. “Every horse needs a team of people around them with specialist skills to care for them, no matter what level they are working at”, explains Rebecca. “For me, I like to develop relationships with the people that work with my horses, so that communication becomes really easy and when you have questions, you can turn to people you trust that know you and your horse well”, Rebecca continues. “It becomes critically important when you are preparing for a championship, like the Olympics, that you stick to your routine and you have a good team around you. at way, the only variable that is changing for the horse is an increased workload”, explains Rebecca.All systems goA few months ahead of the countdown to the Olympics, Chartered physiotherapist Megan King met with Rupert’s long-time veterinarian, Christiana Ober to discuss the inclusion of weekly physiotherapy into Rupert’s routine. “I joined Christiana as she assessed Rupert and we discussed the best way we could use physiotherapy to support him through his preparation and conditioning for the games”, explains Megan. Physiotherapist Megan King was part of the team that supported Canadian Olympic event rider, Rebecca Howard and her long-time partner, Riddle Master as they prepared for the 2016 Olympics in Rio.continued overleafPhotos by Bob AtkinsRegular trot upsRupert was assessed on a straight line on a rm surface. Vet Christina explains: “Regular trot ups are a critical part of any sport horse’s program. Trotting up allows you to establish what is the normal baseline for the horse and to identify what the horse deals with on a regular basis”, Christiana explains. “ere is a huge benet to a start of season trot up and then a routine check throughout the season. e goal of regular trot up assessments is the prevention of injury or prevention of anything that will take the horse o the road competitively. If you don’t do regular trot ups, you may not be able to catch something minor before it turns into an injury”, Christiana concludes. Physio programWorking as part of the program“I visited Rupert weekly during the lead up to the games, ensuring his treatment program worked alongside and complimented his training and competition schedule. e frequency of the sessions created another regular ‘check-in’ and assessment process, which helped gauge how Rupert was responding to his training and tness program - helping him be in the best possible condition for his Olympic experience”, Megan continues. A program of regular physiotherapy for Rupert also gave Rebecca added peace of mind as she prepared for the Olympics. “Rupert is a really expressive horse and soon lets you know what feels good - he would lean right in to Megan when she found areas he wanted massaged. I’m sure having Megan’s hands on Rupert every week helped to keep his muscles feeling good as his workload increased and gave me condence that he really did feel as good in his body as I thought he did from the saddle”, explains Rebecca.Championship shoes“Every horse is a bit dierent, but for Rupert I like to start a championship competition no later than ten days into

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20Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016a shoeing cycle. is seems to give us enough time to alter anything if we need to, the feet are in good balance and the shoes are well and truly secure”, Rebecca explains. “I work closely with Rupert’s farrier, Andrew Nickalls, organising his shoeing dates few months in advance and counting backwards from the championship to make sure we get the shoeing cycle bang on time. “I also bring his last pair of shoes as a set of spares with me to competitions, just in case we lose a shoe. A spare shoe handy can really save you time in a pinch as they have already been shaped to his feet!”, explains Rebecca. Home and away groom“Knowing the horses character, how he moves, what he likes and dislikes, plus all of their lumps and bumps means that you will know straight away if something seems ‘o ’:, explains travelling groom Angela Molson.“It may not be obvious to a bystander but a minute little detail may be critical for an individual horse’s well-being. A happy horse is key to the operation, it is our job to keep them feeling their best”, explains Angela.PHYSIOTHERAPY“Rolling down the drive in the horse transporter on the way to the airport to y to Brazil with Rupert I felt a huge sense of responsibility. Together with excitement, nerves and pride, my emotions all rolled into one to make for a very buzzy feeling!”A philosophy that is shared at home with head girl, Pippa Allan. “It’s been very educational working with an elite horse like Rupert, it’s absolutely amazing how closely they are managed. I’ve been able to take what I’m learning through my time with Rupert and apply it to the horses who are just establishing their careers as event horses”, explains Pippa. Horse health team manage changeAt elite level, horses have a whole multi-disciplinary team focused on their health and wellbeing: the vet, farrier, physio and oen massage, chiropractic and/or other body workers, through to the groom team that works with the horse on a daily basis. And to manage an elite horse well, communication between these professionals is key. Christiana explains: “Oen the physiotherapist will give feedback to the vet about a horse that is starting to compensate in some way or there is a change in their body, while the vet can feedback to the physio about medical issues and any treatment the horse is receiving. e goal for the whole team is to manage change – and when changes are noticed, to go back and check in with the horse and see if there are ways you can help and support the h o r s e”.Next issue, join Megan as she shows Rupert’s home grooms how to do baited stretches, engaging the whole team and helping Rupert stay strong and supple between visits.5 tips for developing your own horse health team:1. Choose your experts recognised by professional bodies2. Keep everyone in the loop - vet, farrier, physio and the people who work with your horse every day3. Always make your horse’s well-being the center of every decision4. Make regular trot ups and assessments part of your routine5. Keep a diary of your horse’s activities, treatments and ndingsWith thanks to Rebecca Howard Equestrian - rebeccahowardequestrian.com, Megan King Physiotherapy - megankingphysiotherapy.com, Christiana Ober - andrebuthe.com

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21Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016REBECCA HOWARD  RIDERRebecca Howard is a UK-based Canadian high performance event rider with results at Luhmulen, Badminton, Burghley and Kentucky and has double-Olympic, Pan-American and World Equestrian Games experience. Rebecca’s top ten nish at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio made her the highest placed female eventer at the games.RIDDLE MASTER, ‘RUPERT’2013 Canadian-bred horse of the year, Blithe Hill Farm’s Canadian Sport Horse, Riddle Master, ‘Rupert’ came to Rebecca as talented and unruly six-year-old. Nearly a decade later, Rupert is a polished athlete at the top of the sport with fans all over the world. An old proverb says ‘it takes a village to raise a child’ and it is fair to say it takes an entire team of experts to support an Olympic horse in their journey to the games. REBECCA HOWARDMEGAN KING  PHYSIOTHERAPISTMegan qualied as a human physiotherapist in Western Australia before moving the to the United Kingdom to gain her Masters in Veterinary Physiotherapy and join the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Animal Therapy (ACPAT). Megan has a keen interest in the relationship between rider and sport horse performance, as well as injury rehabilitation. Megan has worked with elite event riders, including Lucinda and Clayton Fredericks and Rebecca Howard, as well the elite horses on Australian, Canadian and Japanese teams. In Australia, Megan had her strappers licence, exercising young thoroughbreds for the racetrack. In her free time, Megan enjoys riding her horse Blues, running and many long walks with her cocker spaniel, Liesl.CHRISTIANA OBER  VETCurrent New Zealand eventing team vet, Dr Christiana Ober has 15 years experience in equine sports medicine and managing the competition horse. Her primary interests include: purchase exams, lameness, management and rehabilitation of soft tissue injuries, regenerative medicine, and sports medicine especially related to the three-day event horse. She has been the Head Team Veterinarian for the Canadian Three Day Eventing Team since 2005 through three World Equestrian Games (Team Silver in Lexington 2010) and two Olympic Games. She graduated in 2000 from the Virginia- Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine. She is FEI qualied as both a permitted treating veterinarian and as a veterinary delegate for three-day eventing. She likes to spend her free time running, biking, and most importantly spending time with her husband, Andre Buthe, and their son Luca.ANGELA MOLSON  TRAVELLING GROOMFreelance elite competition groom Angela Molson has worked with Rebecca at major events, like Burghley and the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio. Angela has taken the skills she developed grooming, like attention to detail, organisation, planning ahead and understanding what riders need to succeed into her new role as Equestrian Sales Manager for Countrywide Stores. When not devoted 24/7 to Rupert, Angela spends time with her husband, Tim and ex-racehorse Minnie, who is always immaculately turned out.PIPPA ALLAN  HEAD GIRLIn a short space of time Rupert successfully wrapped head girl, Pippa Allen, around his hoof. Pippa tailored many aspects of Rupert’s management at home to suit his personal quirks - a regime that includes extra carrots, being brought in from the eld for mid-day snoozes in his stable and extra time in the paddock on beautiful summer evenings. With an NVQ in Racehorse Care and Riding and background working in polo, riding school and livery yards, Pippa brings varied equestrian experience to her role. Horse Health TeamWith thanks to Rebecca Howard Equestrian - rebeccahowardequestrian.com, Megan King Physiotherapy - megankingphysiotherapy.com, Christiana Ober - andrebuthe.com

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22Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016Tell us more about FORWARD? What motivated you to create the symposium? NF: FORWARD stands for Fitzpatrick’s Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation for Working, Agility and Recreational Dogs. It is an exciting new initiative to guide dog owners on the best techniques to manage, treat and prevent injuries in athletic dogs. Dogs are athletes, and they require a regime and careful monitoring just like us to maintain tness and performance. However, despite best intentions, accidents and injuries can still happen, so we all need to manage diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation as eciently and eectively as possible. e inaugural FORWARD Symposium held in January 2016 explored the most common musculoskeletal conditions that aect working/performance dogs, and most importantly how to bring them back to competition level aer an injury. Many handlers believe an injury can cause the end of your dog’s working or performance career, but this is not necessarily true.Following this year’s sell-out event and a fantastic response from those who attended, we are pleased to be holding a second symposium in February 2017 with a new line-up of speakers and fresh topics. For instance, we are welcoming a police dog handler from the Metropolitan Police which I am very excited about. I am also delighted that Dr Chris Zink is returning to talk about everything you need to know on achieving and maintaining your dog at the very peak of tness. It was wonderful last year to see so many like-minded people together, learning from not only the experts speaking, but also from one another - the mutual respect, collaboration and broader understanding gained was terric to see. It is the most exciting event of its kind in the UK and it promises to be a really great day!The 2016 symposium talks about common conditions in agility, working and performance dogs. What would you say is the most common injury or injuries you come across? NF: Most of the common injuries I see are musculo-tendinous tissue. Second to this are spinal problems which can predicate imbalance, especially if core stability is poor and thirdly, joint problems with acute traumatic injuries to bone being less common. Do you believe there are any underlying factors (such as conformation) that make these injuries more likely, or is it just the wear and tear of hard work, or just bad luck? Do you have any advice to owners on preventing such injuries? NF: ere are undoubtedly conformational factors and potentially genetically predisposed problems which can make injuries more likely in my opinion. Obviously the wear and tear of hard work contributes as well. is is particularly pertinent to lumbo-sacral degenerative stenosis; I think it is also very important to recognise a situation which may predicate injury possibility such as lumbosacral disease in working and athletic dogs which in my opinion, is greatly underdiagnosed and may contribute to issues such as iliopsoas and epaxial muscle discomfort as well as pelvic limb imbalance. I think it is very important to be aware of the more advanced modalities for minimally invasive intervention. is ranges from Ahead of the FORWARD Symposium we talk to Noel Fitzpatrick and Chris Zink about what we can expect to see next year.Professor Noel Fitzpatrick - Professor of Orthopaedics, Managing Director ofFitzpatrick Referrals, Channel 4’s The Supervet and Professor of Orthopaedics at the new Vet School at Surrey UniversityCover Story

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23Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016continued overleafadvances in platelet-rich plasma and stem cell technology through to minimally invasive arthroscopic surgeries. e landscape for potential intervention regarding injury in agility, working and performance dogs has completely changed and it behoves all of us to be aware of the options to return dogs to competition and to maintain quality of life. Ultimately I think that most dogs, just like humans, have some inbuilt genetic advantages or disadvantages but ultimately, diet, training and conditioning are the key elements to gain maximum performance for any dog. Human athletes generally have a very specic preparation programme including warm up and cool down stretches, yet we don’t often see the same in our canine athletes. If you could give an owner 5 key exercises to do pre and post exercise, what would they be?CZ: is is a typical warm-up routine that I recommend. For a Cool-down, the exercises can be done in the order 3, 1, 4.Exercise Progression1. Walking on leash2. Trotting3. Tugging and other Tight Moves4. Stretch5. Keep warmFrequency/Duration/Intensity2 to 3 minutes3 to 5 minutes1 to 2 minutesOne play bow, onespine exion, and onetime to the pelvis and foot and back on each side.As long as necessaryDescription • Start with this – be sure your dog is in a walking gait.• Other easy early warm up activities include: – Weaving through legs – Spinning – small and larger circles• Have your dog trot at a moderate speed on leash at your side.• You can also have the dog do some retrieving during this period.• Do some tugging with a toy that is on a stretchy line (like a bungie) so that it doesn’t put too much stress on the dog’s spine (or your arm!)• Backing up.• Waving – high 5s (HIGH).• Have your dog do a play bow and hold it for 10 seconds. This extends the spine. • Spinal Flexion: Have your dog stand and put your hands under the chest just behind the elbows. Put the food on the ground between the front legs, or even behind the front legs while you push up on the chest with your other hand. This exes the spine.• Lateral Spine Stretches: – While your dog is nibbling on a snack, move it along the side of your dog’s neck, then along the spine towards the pelvis, stopping for about 3 seconds at the pelvis. – Then move the food down along the side of the dog’s leg and pause beside the foot – this puts rotation into the lateral stretch. – Then repeat in reverse. – Do both sides – this exes the spine to each side. • Keep your dog’s muscles warm by using a warm-up jacket and/or keeping your dog moving.• Dog should be panting but not with the tongue out when you get ready to run.Dr Chris Zink - Consultant on canine sports medicine and award winningauthor. Chris was instrumental in establishing the American College ofVeterinary Sports Medicine and RehabilitationI think the key issue is appropriate conditioning and training and preparation for key events in a structured, sensible fashion. Again this is similar to a human athlete preparing for competition. It can be hard to maintain peak performance over a prolonged period so events should be carefully sequenced around the training regime. I think it is also vital to be aware of the most advanced diagnostic techniques available; whether that is just good clinical judgment or modalities such as ultrasound and MRI.

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24Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016FORWARD SYMPOSIUMIn comparison to human sports science, do you feel our understanding of the animal equivalent is on par, in front or behind? NF: ere is no question that because of the vested interest and monetary value associated with human performance, human sport science gets signicantly greater funding than canine sport science. In this regard our understanding is behind human sport science in my view. In fact, my goal is to promote and raise awareness that similar problems arise because of failure to condition or train properly before competition. In fact, if attendees would like us to get a human sport science expert to come and speak to us we would be more than happy to do that. It is my goal to re-integrate human and animal medical science for the betterment of all creatures. ere is little doubt that much of the scientic research that has taken place to study disease, drugs and implants that may be of relevance to humans, has involved animals. Unfortunately, this has not been a two-way street and there has been signicantly less work published on research that helps animals too. However when I was studying for the American Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation examinations, I was pleasantly surprised that there was an increasing volume of research directed at canine sports medicine and rehabilitation because of the desire for handlers, trainers and the families of these dog to have as much up-to-date information as possible. More funding needs to go into this kind of research, so in this regard I have founded a charity called e Humanimal Trust which is all about redening the reciprocity of communication that can reduce, rene and replace some of the current research models that benet humans only and could benet animals at the same time. is new paradigm in all forms of human and veterinary medicine will take time but it seems to me as a rational and fair direction. As such it is the central core of my professional endeavours. What are your thoughts on all the joint medications and supplements out there that claim to improve performance and health? CZ: In the US and Canada there is very little supervision of the canine supplement market. As a result, there is a wide range of products out there, some of which might be eective and some not. In general, I recommend that all normal, healthy canine athletes receive an omega-3 fatty acid supplement that contains 15 mg/lb (30 mg/kg) of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a probiotic designed for dogs (good evidence that it strengthens the immune system), and a joint-protective nutraceutical (there are currently no clinical trials showing its ecacy but it can’t hurt).Along with what can be a very confusing supplement market, the nutrition market can be equally confusing to owners. Do you have any advice to competitive / working owners on what key things they should be looking for? NF: e most important thing for me is that professionals in animal healthcare interact with respect and that we acknowledge the fact that the person who knows most about the dog is the person who lives and works with the dog day-in, day-out. Obviously the objective of this person, or persons, is to do the very best they can for a particular dog. ey will have formed preferences regarding their dietary regimes over the years based on experience and this should be respected. I think that we need to seek the advice of individuals who are as unbiased as possible and who do not have a nancial vested interest in recommending one particular dietary regime or another, but rather a holistic approach to the animal. Clearly, dierent nutrition can have advantages and disadvantages and as I have said before I am a clinician and a surgeon and not an expert in nutrition. Just like for my own body I have sought professional advice with regard to nutrition and exercise; I would advise the same for anyone who loves and enjoys their athletic lifestyle with competing, agility or performance dogs. Chris Zink echoes Noel’s belief:High quality, highly digestible proteins and fats should be the foundation of a canine athlete’s diet. High levels of fat don’t make a dog fat, feeding too much food relative to the dog’s metabolic needs does. Fat is essential for energy. ere is no nutritional requirement for carbohydrates in dogs. In my opinion fresh food is best, just like for humans.For booking details and further information on the 2017 FORWARD Symposium to be held on Sunday 5th February at Epsom Racecourse please visit www.tzpatrickreferrals.co.uk Please book early to avoid disappointment. More news and views can also be found on the FORWARD facebook site. If you have a query, please contact Sarah Copson direct on sarahc@tzpatrickreferrals.co.uk

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26Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016IN today’s world where the eects of intensive farming, food processing, and our convenience-led lifestyles, which demands ‘fast food’, our natural food and water sources are not what nature originally intended.e concept to use diet to promote good health isn’t new. Centuries ago Hippocrates noted that: “let medicine by they food, and food be thy medicine’. Assuming Hippocrates was right, and diet can aect health in a positive way, helping to prevent disease. Surely the reverse can also be true. Inadvertently could we be contributing to disease in our pets with the food they eat?We know that obesity causes a ra of health problems, but what about food contributing to inammation, autoimmune disease and cancer?e problem we have in our modern world is the dramatic rise in environmental pollutants that are ubiquitous. From the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water we drink we’ve turned our natural food resources into a toxic ‘soup’.e use of pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, chemicals, additives and preservatives travel down the food and water chains. Both people and their pets ingest these man-made environmental toxins. Overtime the concern is that these toxins are metabolised and can cause disease. Whilst there’s little anyone can really do to control the depleted soil or the chemical composition of the rain, we can control the ingredients we feed our pets, and ourselves. In the Winter issue of Animal erapy Magazine I discussed the merits of choosing a fresh, organic diet based on nutrient rich functional foods. It’s interesting that people who eat organic products have a lower pesticide level in their bodies, than those who do not eat organic. (Lu et al, 2008). e Environmental Working Group highlights that health problems linked to pesticides include brain and nervous system toxicity, cancer and hormone disruption plus skin, eye, and lung irritation (EWG 2012).Our convenience led lifestyles inuence what we feed our pets. Flashy branding and TV advertising by large food manufacturers can look convincing. Lately we’re being encouraged to read food-packaging labels of ingredients. Legislation is making ‘human’ food manufacturers become more transparent. Interestingly the label of ingredients on packets of commercial dry dog food is oen dicult to nd, let alone read without a magnifying glass! In my study I analysed the ingredients of a major dry commercial dog food. Apart from learning that over 50% of this food’s ingredients are carbohydrate based, and that the food contains only 10% moisture, it also contains some interesting ingredients like ‘Digest’. Broadly speaking ‘Digest’ is a hydrolysed protein. It’s used as a non-chemical avouring to make kibble more palatable. e quality of ‘digest’ varies and can contain things like hormones and antibiotics. Ideally it should state a ‘digest’ from a xed protein source, ie chicken liver ‘Digest’, not just ‘Digest’. Another ingredient is ‘Beet Pulp” – which has nothing to do with beetroot. It’s a by-product of sugar beet plants. It’s used to bulk out a product, helping your dog to feel full. It also contributes to the heavy carbohydrate content, which from a natural nutritionist perspective is not ‘species appropriate’. You are what you eat! Can toxins in food insidiously create disease?by Anna Webb Broadcaster, Author, and Trainer studied natural nutrition and therapies with the College of Integrated Veterinary erapies (CIVT) ANNA WEBB26Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016

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27Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016Dogs are biologically and physiologically designed to eat meat. ey are Primary carnivores, whereas cats are ‘Obligate’ carnivores, and humans are Omnivores. Less than a decade ago a major commercial food brand recalled its product, admitting its contamination during its processing in China from melamine found in wheat gluten. ousands of cats and dogs died from acute renal failure mainly in the USA. Following massive press coverage, many other food manufacturers recalled their products, costing them $billions! Although stricter ‘governmental’ guidelines have been introduced, making the previously ‘self-regulating’ pet food industry more accountable, this landmark ‘recall’ highlights a real concern. continued overleafNot least that it’s the quality of the ingredients in our pet food that can be potentially toxic, but the processing techniques used in their manufacture that can also carry health risks. e natural molecular structure of food is changed when its processed and / or cooked. Sometimes chemical by-products are formed during this process that can have a pro-inammatory response and insulin deregulating eect. Recently one of my clients was excited that he’d chosen an organic brand of dry processed food for his Golden Retriever. I had to explain that whilst the ingredients may be healthier than a non-organic brand, the method of processing this brand is the same as for non-organic brands. It’s called ‘screw extrusion’. is process involves melting a combination of proteins and carbohydrates in a furnace at over 200 degrees centigrade. In doing so it creates the Maillard Reaction. In human foods the Maillard Reaction creates the ‘bronzing eects of foods like bread crusts. It was only in 2002 that Acrylamides were found in foods.An Acrylamide is a compound that has been used in many forms of industrial processing since the 1950’s. It has long been classied as toxic to both humans and animals.e hotter the temperature in cooking or processing, the more Acrylamides are created. As a result of its ‘extrusion’ dry kibble food whether organic or not contains Acrylamides! Studies by the European Food Safety Authority, show that cats and dogs exposed to Acrylamides through their diet greatly increases their likelihood of developing gene mutations, and tumours in various organs.e EU has issued some guidelines on Acrylamides in human foods, but not as yet for pet foods (European Commission 2011). Another consideration is to create a long shelf life, a ra of chemical preservatives, like Ethoxyquin, BHA, and BHT are added to commercially pre-prepared food. On the plus side, an organic brand will use natural preservatives like Vitamin E or C, or perhaps clove oil or rosemary oil to preserve the ‘kibble’ despite compromising on the shelf life of the product. During the storage of ‘dry’ bags of food, moulds and fungi like alfatoxins and other mycotoxins (commonly found in grains especially corn and wheat) thrive alongside microscopic storage mites, which can create substantial impact on atopic dogs. Inadvertently we might be feeding our pets many hidden ‘nasties’. Even if the amounts ingested at each meal have been measured to be non-toxic, the concern is the health eects induced over long periods. 27Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016

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28Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016 Raw is BestComplete Organic Meals Available5 Admiralty Way, Camberley, Surrey GU15 3DT Tel: 01276 608500 • www.naturalinstinct.comProudly supporting British produce Anna WebbBroadcaster, Author, Trainer, studied natural nutrition and therapies with the Coege of Integrated Veterinary Therapies (CIVT) I’m a fan of Natural Instinct for bringing convenience into fding a raw, I like to say ‘natural’ fding choice. Simply store, thaw and serve! It’s also about the peace of mind that my ‘furkids’ are eating ‘we’ with nutritional dense and completely balanced meals. Voted “Most Trusted Pet Fd Company” “Top Raw Fd Manufacturer” and “Most Welcoming to New Raw Fders” by readers of Dogs Monthly (June 2016) The convenient, no stress, no mess way to fd raw! Lovingly made by award wiing UK Raw Pet Fd Manufacturer A variety of high quality natural raw wholesome meals as nature intended Human grade ingredients Veterinary approved Fr from artiﬁcial additives, colours, preservatives and ﬁers Friendly and professional advice on raw fdingI’d suggest a precautionary principle and feed a more natural diet, particularly one that hasn’t been ‘cremated’ at high temperatures. I’ve always believed that “ you are what you eat”, and feel lucky to have never fed my own pets on any commercial processed diets.Opting to feed a raw ‘species appropriate diet’ was considered quite alternative 14 years ago. Fortunately since 2009 a number of innovative food rms like Natural Instinct have fullled a growing demand for ‘convenience’ style raw food.Natural Instinct oers a complete, balanced, nutritionally dense food that’s species appropriate. It contains meat, fruit, veggies, oal and bone. All you need is the freezer space to store, before thawing and serving. I do also ‘home-prepare’ raw meals too. I avoid overly farmed meats like beef or pork, opting for lamb, goat or venison instead. Interestingly the Environmental Working Group (EWG) provides research-based information about the toxins in our food supply and environment. ere’s ANNA WEBBthe Dirty Dozen Plus™ list and there’s the Clean15™. Its useful to discover that certain foods are potentially more ‘toxic than others. For example potatoes contain more pesticides by weight than any other food (EWG 2014). As many commercial diets and home cooked recipes include potatoes, its important to choose an organic spud. Or opt for a sweet potato as an alternative, which is considered ‘clean’ by the EWG. I like to add an all round supplement to my pets’ diets just to help balance the eects of modern life and the environment. ere’s many available, but one that’s made a positive impact is the D-dog Superfood’ range from Diet-Dog. I always supply fresh ‘ltered’ drinking water. e quality of water varies from region to region. Both public and private water supplies can be a source of exposure to toxins, especially to industrial solvents, heavy metals, pesticides and fertilisers. Adopting the ‘precautionary principle’ I would rather play safe and hope to eliminate as much residual chemicals like uoride, lead or chloride as possible. For me its ‘peace of mind’ that I’m making positive nutritional choices for my pets. We’ve been living with dogs and feeding them for thousands of years. Overly processed foods are a modern phenomenon that have coincided with a drastic rise in chronic disease in pets from obesity, heart disease, kidney disease, thyroid disease, arthritis and cancer (State of Pet Health Report 2012).28Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016

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30Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016Raw feeding? Honey’s can help!Perhaps you already recommend a species appropriate diet (also known as a raw diet) to your clients’ companion dogs and cats. Maybe you have heard about it and would like to know more. Either way, we hope that you will get in touch with us here at Honey’s. We offer a special support service to anyone with a professional interest in canine and feline welfare.Honey’s is a small, artisan, working dog food producer based in Pewsey, Wiltshire. Our food uses free range or certified organic or wild meat and all our ingredients are British and suitable for human consumption.Most importantly of all, we offer a free advisory service to anyone who contacts us even if they never, ever plan to become a customer. Our main interest is farm animal welfare (one of our founders is a vegetarian) and spreading the word about canine nutrition.At Honey’s we speak to the human companions of every dog we feed before we even send them a sample of our food. If the dog has any medical issues then our in-house Health Team (which includes veterinary surgeons, veterinary nurses and qualified nutritionists) becomes involved and makes recommendations.In a nutshell, Honey’s is the safe, easy way you can recommend and support raw feeding for your clients’ dogs.If you would like more information, please don’t hesitate to get in touch.Phone: 01672 620 260 (Mon-Fri 9am-5pm) Email: info@honeysrealdogfood.comwww.honeysrealdogfood.comHow we support animal therapists and other professionalsYou can rely on Honey’s to:Save you time. No need to explain raw feeding principles to your clients or answer the same questions over and over again. We’ll do everything for you. We are happy to help anyone, even if they never plan to become a customer. Supply you with free sample food. Use it to satisfy yourself that our food meets your standards and also to help explain raw feeding to colleagues and clients.Give you free books and information. We are happy to send you copies of our bestselling books (Honey’s Natural Feeding Handbook and The Lucky Dog Weight Loss Plan) to give to colleagues and clients. Also lots of other useful information. Free training for colleagues and free talks for clients. Members of our Health Team are available for training and educational talks. Free support from our Health Team. Our Health Team is available to answer questions and provide support and advice. We will also be pleased to support any good cause that you feel strongly about.Our Menu A wide range of single-protein source recipes including chicken, pork, beef, turkey, wild rabbit, wild game, wild venison, lamb and duck. 100% organic recipes available. Special formula (such as low fat) and other prescription recipes available. The complete food is generally 1/3rd raw meat, 1/3rd raw bone and 1/3rd raw, seasonal vegetable. We also offer vegetable free food with a lower bone content. We offer a range of bones including marrow bones, knuckle ends, chicken and duck wings, ribs and necks. We always supply full feeding instructions and contact all customers monthly to check on progress. We deliver direct to our customers (usually one month’s supply at a time) in insulated, recyclable boxes using overnight couriers.We are members of the PFMAHoney’s was one of the ﬁrst raw dog food companies to join the Pet Food Manufacturer’s Association. We are active members and sit on various committees.Our food meets FEDIAF guidelinesOur complete food meets the European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF) nutritional guidelines. We invest heavily in research including detailed analysis of our food and long-term trials based on AAFCO standards.We ask for health info about the dogs we feedWe create personal diets – based on age, weight, gender, breed, level of exercise – and, most importantly – the dog’s health. No other raw dog food producer is as well qualiﬁed to do this.We are experts in ‘switching’We estimate that we have helped over 8000 dogs switch to raw feeding giving us unique levels of expertise.We talk to our customers every monthWe contact our customers every month to check on their dog’s diet and ensure we are up to date with any health developments or other changes.We use free range, wild and/or organic ingredientsOur food is suitable for human consumption. It is made using seasonal, British, free range, wild and/or organic ingredients.We offer unlimited free advice and supportYou don’t have to be a customer to take advantage of our expert advice. We are happy to help anyone wanting to make the switch to raw feeding. Copies of Honey’s Natural Feeding Handbook are available free.We specialise in helping overweight dogsWe have built up huge expertise helping overweight dogs slim down to a healthy size without feeling hungry. Vicky (one of our founders) has written a book about it.One-week free food and other trial discountsIf your clients want to try our food we offer sample boxes, a half-price hamper or one week of free food with the ﬁrst month’s order.We don’t always recommend rawWe know that there are situations when raw food may not be appropriate. Because we ask a lot of questions about the dogs we are feeding we are able to check that a raw diet is appropriate in the ﬁrst place.We support animal therapistsWe’ll support your practice in every way we can including advice, information, books and sample food. We’ll also help market your practice to our customers and in other ways.12 reasons you can recommend Honey’s ethical raw dog food with condenceOur in-house Health Team is always availableAt least one member of our in-house Health Team (which includes a vet, veterinary nurses and qualiﬁed nutritionists) is on duty during working hours to answer questions and provide advice.Honey’s Natural Feeding Handbook for DogsJonathan Self2.1.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.3.4.5. The Lucky Dog Weight Loss PlanVicky Marshall

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31Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016Raw feeding? Honey’s can help!Perhaps you already recommend a species appropriate diet (also known as a raw diet) to your clients’ companion dogs and cats. Maybe you have heard about it and would like to know more. Either way, we hope that you will get in touch with us here at Honey’s. We offer a special support service to anyone with a professional interest in canine and feline welfare.Honey’s is a small, artisan, working dog food producer based in Pewsey, Wiltshire. Our food uses free range or certified organic or wild meat and all our ingredients are British and suitable for human consumption.Most importantly of all, we offer a free advisory service to anyone who contacts us even if they never, ever plan to become a customer. Our main interest is farm animal welfare (one of our founders is a vegetarian) and spreading the word about canine nutrition.At Honey’s we speak to the human companions of every dog we feed before we even send them a sample of our food. If the dog has any medical issues then our in-house Health Team (which includes veterinary surgeons, veterinary nurses and qualified nutritionists) becomes involved and makes recommendations.In a nutshell, Honey’s is the safe, easy way you can recommend and support raw feeding for your clients’ dogs.If you would like more information, please don’t hesitate to get in touch.Phone: 01672 620 260 (Mon-Fri 9am-5pm) Email: info@honeysrealdogfood.comwww.honeysrealdogfood.comHow we support animal therapists and other professionalsYou can rely on Honey’s to:Save you time. No need to explain raw feeding principles to your clients or answer the same questions over and over again. We’ll do everything for you. We are happy to help anyone, even if they never plan to become a customer. Supply you with free sample food. Use it to satisfy yourself that our food meets your standards and also to help explain raw feeding to colleagues and clients.Give you free books and information. We are happy to send you copies of our bestselling books (Honey’s Natural Feeding Handbook and The Lucky Dog Weight Loss Plan) to give to colleagues and clients. Also lots of other useful information. Free training for colleagues and free talks for clients. Members of our Health Team are available for training and educational talks. Free support from our Health Team. Our Health Team is available to answer questions and provide support and advice. We will also be pleased to support any good cause that you feel strongly about.Our Menu A wide range of single-protein source recipes including chicken, pork, beef, turkey, wild rabbit, wild game, wild venison, lamb and duck. 100% organic recipes available. Special formula (such as low fat) and other prescription recipes available. The complete food is generally 1/3rd raw meat, 1/3rd raw bone and 1/3rd raw, seasonal vegetable. We also offer vegetable free food with a lower bone content. We offer a range of bones including marrow bones, knuckle ends, chicken and duck wings, ribs and necks. We always supply full feeding instructions and contact all customers monthly to check on progress. We deliver direct to our customers (usually one month’s supply at a time) in insulated, recyclable boxes using overnight couriers.We are members of the PFMAHoney’s was one of the ﬁrst raw dog food companies to join the Pet Food Manufacturer’s Association. We are active members and sit on various committees.Our food meets FEDIAF guidelinesOur complete food meets the European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF) nutritional guidelines. We invest heavily in research including detailed analysis of our food and long-term trials based on AAFCO standards.We ask for health info about the dogs we feedWe create personal diets – based on age, weight, gender, breed, level of exercise – and, most importantly – the dog’s health. No other raw dog food producer is as well qualiﬁed to do this.We are experts in ‘switching’We estimate that we have helped over 8000 dogs switch to raw feeding giving us unique levels of expertise.We talk to our customers every monthWe contact our customers every month to check on their dog’s diet and ensure we are up to date with any health developments or other changes.We use free range, wild and/or organic ingredientsOur food is suitable for human consumption. It is made using seasonal, British, free range, wild and/or organic ingredients.We offer unlimited free advice and supportYou don’t have to be a customer to take advantage of our expert advice. We are happy to help anyone wanting to make the switch to raw feeding. Copies of Honey’s Natural Feeding Handbook are available free.We specialise in helping overweight dogsWe have built up huge expertise helping overweight dogs slim down to a healthy size without feeling hungry. Vicky (one of our founders) has written a book about it.One-week free food and other trial discountsIf your clients want to try our food we offer sample boxes, a half-price hamper or one week of free food with the ﬁrst month’s order.We don’t always recommend rawWe know that there are situations when raw food may not be appropriate. Because we ask a lot of questions about the dogs we are feeding we are able to check that a raw diet is appropriate in the ﬁrst place.We support animal therapistsWe’ll support your practice in every way we can including advice, information, books and sample food. We’ll also help market your practice to our customers and in other ways.12 reasons you can recommend Honey’s ethical raw dog food with condenceOur in-house Health Team is always availableAt least one member of our in-house Health Team (which includes a vet, veterinary nurses and qualiﬁed nutritionists) is on duty during working hours to answer questions and provide advice.Honey’s Natural Feeding Handbook for DogsJonathan Self2.1.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.3.4.5. The Lucky Dog Weight Loss PlanVicky Marshall

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32Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016EQultrasound is a revolutionary device for an eective treatment of muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints and bone conditions in horses and dogs, both in the acute or chronic stages. It is a low-frequency therapeutic ultrasound (38 kHz) and produces much deeper and much more intense eects than traditional high-frequency ultrasounds (1-3 MHz). rough the use of six dierent hand probes, EQultrasound is able to produce mechanical vibration, diathermy (deep heat) and intense acoustic eects (stable cavitation, acoustical streaming and microstreaming). EQultrasound can be successfully employed in sports medicine, lameness treatment, pre-competition warm up and prevention of injuries. It can be used as an adjunct treatment to PRP and stem cell therapy injections, as a pre or post-surgery treatment, but also for sonophoresis (transdermal drug delivery) and to rapidly close open wounds. EQultrasound can be a substitute or adjunct treatment to shockwaves. EQultrasound operates in the kHz range, while traditional ultrasound devices operate in the 1-3 MHz range. anks to better knowledge of some physics and biophysics interactions, biological actions and therapeutic eects, we can point out at least four major dierences between this innovative low frequency ultrasound device and the traditional 1 or 3 MHz devices.ese major dierences are:• stable cavitation, acoustical streaming and microstreaming• deeper penetration• reduction of dead zone• the possibility to concentrate the cone of acoustic vibrations on a selected and punctual target with focalized transducerse therapeutic eects of EQultrasound are very similar to those of extracorporeal shock waves, but since the induced mechanical eects (stable cavitation, acoustical streaming and microstreaming) are completely painless, horses and dogs can tolerate them without any need of sedatives.Stable cavitation, acoustical streaming and microstreamingCavitation is the most important non-thermal eect of therapeutic ultrasound. Several scientic papers agree on the fact that the most important biological and therapeutic eects of ultrasound are due to their mechanical and cavitational eects.Cavitation is the formation and vibration of micro bubbles inside interstitial uids (or tissue uids, which are the solution that bathes and surrounds cells of multicellular animals). is micro bubbles vibration produces changes in cellular activities and is called stable cavitation.Now we know very well two important aspects of cavitation:• cavitation increases as we reduce frequency• cavitation increases as we increase emission power in W/cm2 (at very low intensities cavitation is not present).At traditional high ultrasonic frequencies (1 or 3 MHz) the production of cavitation bubbles becomes more dicult than at low ultrasonic frequencies, of the order of the kHz (like with EQultrasound therapy).To produce cavitation with traditional 1 or 3 MHz devices, the intensity of the applied ultrasound must be signicantly increased, which can possibly lead to burns and “hot spots” that might cause tissue damage. is is Ultrasound erapy 2.0PRODUCT PROFILE

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33Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016a very important practical aspect, since in veterinary physical therapy we need only a safe and stable cavitation.Other important non-thermal/mechanical eects associated to cavitation are acoustical streaming and microstreaming. Stable cavitation produces also acoustical streaming, which is the movement of tissue uids along cell walls; acoustical streaming increases cellular metabolic activity and permeability and contributes to recovery and restoration of cellular homeostasis.Stable cavitation also produces circular currents inside tissue uids surrounding the vibrating cavitational bubbles: this microscopic uid movement is called microstreaming. Microstreaming (or micromassage) makes nearby cells and intracellular organelles twist and rotate. Microstreaming contributes to reduce edema.Stable cavitation, acoustical streaming and microstreaming accelerate equine and canine natural healing processes by increasing cellular metabolic activity and enzymatic activity, accelerate the inammatory phase of tissue repair, reduce pain, reduce fresh edema, hematoma and swelling and prevents from the evolution into calcic metaplasia.Deeper penetrationOne of the most frequent problems therapists have to deal with is to reach a deep target without producing burns or potential harmful “hot spots” in the acoustic pathway, which might cause tissue damage.When comparing the emission of the EQultrasound device to the one of traditional high frequency ultrasounds (1-3 MHz), penetration is one of the biggest dierences, since the eects of high frequency ultrasounds are much more supercial.In fact with ultrasound, the lower the operating frequency, the higher the penetration.anks to the particular duty cycle and frequency used in EQultrasound therapy, it is now possible to reach deeper targets with very little acoustic attenuation and therefore without the need to increase applied intensity.On the other hand in order to reach deeper targets with traditional high frequency 1-3 MHz ultrasound devices, the intensity of the applied ultrasound must be signicantly increased in terms of W/cm2: this can possibly lead to burns and “hot spots” that might cause tissue damage. In fact high frequency ultrasound waves are much more easily absorbed by supercial tissues and, unless intensity is raised at potentially harmful values, deeper equine and canine tissues and structures remain unaected.continued overleaf

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34Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016Reduction of dead zoneIn the propagation of therapeutic ultrasound through the skin, physics taught us that there is a near zone (Fresnel’s zone) and a far zone (Fraunhover’s zone), where the cone of vibrations submits the laws of acoustic physics: reection, absorption, attenuation. With traditional 1-3 MHz ultrasound, a “dead zone” is present in the rst layers of biological tissues, due to the high frequencies emitted. With low frequency / long wave ultrasound this dead zone is particularly reduced, which leads to better therapeutic eects also in the rst layers of the body in some important districts of treatment.Concave / focalized transducersere are plenty of equine and canine pathological conditions that need to be treated in a selected way, without involving surrounding tissues, and concentrating energy on a focalized target. EQultrasound concave and focalized transducers allow for better treatments while dealing for example with muscle brosis.ConclusionsEQultrasound is the expression of advances in technological capabilities and better understanding of some physics and biophysics interactions, biological actions and therapeutic eects. It produces much more ecient and deeper thermal eects than traditional high frequency devices (1-3 MHz).EQultrasound also produces signicant non-thermal/mechanical eects, with similar results to those achieved by extracorporeal shock waves, but in a totally painless manner.e ability to deliver ecient deep heating and non-thermal/mechanical eects makes EQultrasound therapy a unique and exible tool for equine and canine veterinarians and therapists, to treat muscles, ligaments, tendons, joints and bone conditions in horses and dogs.EQultrasound – BACE-mail: info@equltrasound.comwww.equltrasound.comPRODUCT PROFILE

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36Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016IN this article I will be explaining how Canine Massage Guild and McTimoney therapists complement each other; both are highly specialist therapies with exceptionally high quality training. Both doing something dierent but complementing each other perfectly.As therapists we are all striving to help our animal clients in the best way we can, most have chosen one qualication and have become a specialist in that particular area of therapy. Some have decided to train in other areas depending on where their life and career has taken them. For our clients, knowing which therapist is needed and when, can be very confusing, there are many diering treatments out there, all having an important place in the treatment and rehabilitation of animals. I have qualied in various techniques in my 19 yrs in practice; McTimoney, Equine Sports Massage, Equine and Canine Touch, Clinical Canine Massage erapy and I am also a Certied Canine Conditioning Coach. I teach the Equine Touch and Canine Touch courses, stretch and mobilisation techniques and I also co-direct the Canine Conditioning Academy teaching the CCA Coach Diploma course. I have found that using a combination of these therapies has a greater, longer lasting eect for the client. However, there are obviously many techniques I don’t do. rough the years I have always referred my clients either back to the vet or to another therapist when I think it would be of benet. I have never lost a client by referring, in fact quite the opposite, I have gained many new clients and indeed friends because I have developed great working relationships with my local para professionals and between us we provide a top class therapy team throughout our client’s life. “We are all good for something but not all good for everything”. is is so true and for this article I will be talking about Massage Guild erapists and McTimoney therapists; demonstrating how each work dierently but strive towards the same goal – a happy, healthy and pain free dog.CANINE MASSAGE GUILD THERAPIST Canine Massage Guild therapists undergo a 2 year Clinical Massage course with the Canine Massage erapy Centre. is is a rigorous course with its focus on an in depth working knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the live dog. Members have a thorough understanding of the myofascial and the musculoskeletal systems including origin, insertions and actions of muscles. ey have also studied orthopaedic pathologies, neurological conditions, skin problems and lymphatic complications and are trained to support these conditions.Guild members specialise in the detection of so tissue injury and conditions by performing advanced palpation of fascia, muscle, tendon and ligament ese advanced palpation skills mean massage guild therapists are able to detect grade I/II/III strains, trigger points, sprains, adhesions, spasm, fasciculation, hypertrophy and hypotrophy and locate primary cause along with secondary overcompensation. ey can detect and treat even minute disruption in muscle bres long before they cause dysfunction in the dog which can prevent further injury. Canine Massage Guild therapists also specialise in Myofascial Pain Syndrome which oen goes overlooked as the cause of behavioural changes and mobility issues. Not only can they detect but they can also treat all of these conditions using the 4 types of massage they are trained in; Sports Massage, Myofascial Release (the Direct & Indirect Approach), Deep Tissue Massage and Swedish Massage techniques, plus ermotherapy.erapists also have a comprehensive CPD programme which covers many additional techniques such as advanced trigger point release, manual lymphatic drainage and advanced ventral myofascial release provided by the Canine Massage erapy Centre and some members have also studied “e Canine Touch” technique and the Canine Conditioning Academy courses as part of their CPD training.How Massage Guild erapists and McTimoney can work togetherby Emma Overend, Overend Orthopaedic Animal erapy and Rehab

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37Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016What if the dog has skeletal misalignments that massage can’t resolve?So massage can treat so tissue injury such as muscle strain or ligament sprain, myofascial adhesions, myofascial pain syndrome and trigger points. It can release tight hypertonic muscle and promote correct function and movement. However, if the dog has a skeletal misalignment that will not release through massage then a McTimoney treatment will address this issue.McTIMONEYe McTimoney technique focuses on balancing and promoting correct function of the musculoskeletal system and the peripheral nervous system by re-aligning the joints. McTimoney practitioners are highly trained in the art of palpation of boney landmarks to determine the alignment of each joint with particular emphasis on the spine and the pelvis. Dogs have 36 pairs of spinal nerves that exit from the spinal cord between the vertebrae. ese spinal nerves form a two way communication system from the brain and the spinal cord with sensory receptors, internal organs, vessels, muscles and so tissue. If these peripheral nerves become impinged when the joints of the vertebrae are misaligned the neurological impulses can be disrupted or completely blocked. Using the unique McTimoney adjustments, the vertebrae are realigned restoring normal neurological impulses to all the systems they communicate with.Spinal mobility and correct pelvic alignment are vital for correct function. e dog’s spine has a large range of movement within the lumbar and thoracic spine compared to that of a horse, for instance. Any reduction in this mobility will result in a reduction of speed, shorter stride length and an inability to turn eectively. is will lead to compensatory posture, reduced movement and cause pain. McTimoney adjustments will help to mobilise the spine, re-align the pelvis and restore correct function.McTimoney practitioners have studied for 3 years and hold either a Postgraduate Diploma or MSc in Animal Manipulation. e course is tough and practitioners will have a vast and comprehensive knowledge of the detection canine conditions. All members of the McTimoney association are required to do CPD each year to advance their skills and training; learning new adjustments and attending an array of structured education programs. Members also work closely with vets to ensure a safe, appropriate and eective treatment.I have outlined how Massage Guild erapists and McTimoney Practitioners are highly trained and specialise in dierent aspects of canine therapy. In my experience over many years of treating dogs both therapies work fantastically well together as both are addressing dierent issues. A muscle that has injury such as strains, trigger points and adhesions needs to be worked on by a specialist dealing with this type of issue. Spinal and pelvic misalignments need adjustments; the two therapies work together and in my opinion give the best outcome.During my 17 years as an animal therapist and a life time as an animal lover I feel it is my duty on both accounts to seek the best possible outcome for every animal I treat. is means if there is an issue that I cannot address I refer to other para professionals who I know may be able to help. We should know the limits of our own modalities and learn the existence and benets of others. We should be referring between qualied therapists who specialise in dierent elds of expertise for the greater good of our clients. is not only benets our clients but also helps us to do our job more eectively.For the benet of our canine clients and also the respect of our human clients and para-professionals let’s work together. Find your local therapists today and work as a team.www.OverendTherapy.uk Tel: 07977 314138Find  Local Canine Massage Guild Member !•InjuryRehabilitation•OrthopaedicConditionSupporte.g.Arthritis/HD•SignsOfAgeing/SeniorDogs•PerformanceConditioningforSportingDogsFor results you can see and 

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38Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016THERE are many forms of chiropractic approaches and techniques used around the world and McTimoney is a form of treatment which originated in the UK from a chiropractor named John McTimoney. He devised a holistic (whole body) chiropractic method applying engineering principles to the examination and treatment of the skeletal structure. Rather than using large, forceful manipulations he sought to achieve a technique which would create realignment of the skeleton that would be comfortable for the patient to receive. In 1954 John McTimoney formulated chiropractic analysis and treatment for animals and he is believed to be the rst chiropractor to do this. You may be familiar with the hand position which is associated with McTimoney therapy - see image opposite page bottom le.e McTimoney approach involves taking a detailed case history, whole body static and dynamic assessment of the patient followed by gentle, swi, light force manipulation. From an animal therapy perspective it is extremely important that the treatment is gentle as this means that manipulation can be administered with as little stress to the animal as possible. In human practice a therapist is able to explain what they are about to do to a patient and if an adjustment may cause discomfort. However this is not an option in animal practice and as an animal therapist we have to gain trust from the animal. McTimoney treatment oers a gentle approach to animal manipulation which keeps all parties secure and safe during treatment, resulting in eective practice. e nervous system controls the whole body, if we are able to gain mental relaxation from the patient we can create a positive physical response which is paramount to the eectiveness of such treatments.McTimoney treatment is based on the principle that pain and discomfort within the musculoskeletal system (with the elimination of injury and disease by a vet) is caused by abnormal functioning of the spinal column. is may be an area of the skeleton McTimoney erapy Explained ...McTIMONEYby Lucy Bounden, MAA member and owner of Animal Spine

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39Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016continued overleafwhich has become restricted resulting in a reduced range of movement and muscle tightness or spasm. It can also CASE STUDY 1  DIRECT TRAUMADog - HenryAge - 5yr oldBreed - Jack Russell TerrierHistory - Henry is a family pet and during his usual play with a tennis ball he jumped up and twisted through his body landing hard on his hind legs. At rst he seemed OK but the following day he was in signicant pain and unable to move freely. A trip to the vet conrmed that there were no fractures but he had severely strained his lower back and his muscles were in spasm. Painkillers and anti-inammatory drugs were administered. ese helped but he still had an unbalanced, sti gait and wasn’t his usually bouncy self.McTimoney treatment - With veterinary approval McTimoney therapist, Lucy Bounden initial assessment concluded that there was a large rotation and tilt in Henry’s pelvis to the right which was likely caused by the impact through the hindlimbs when Henry landed awkwardly when catching the ball. In compensation his lumbar spine were rotated to the right, upper thoracic vertebrae rotated le, lower cervicals to the le and upper cervicals to the right. Such misalignments along his spine caused the so tissue structures to become tight and sore resulting in restricted movement and unhappy dog. McTimoney adjustments to the relevant areas of the spine and pelvis alongside so tissue massage were used to treat Henry’s condition. Henry had a total of 3 McTimoney treatments over a period of 5 weeks which improved his skeletal alignment and restored him back to his normal self. be when a joint has become Photos left: before and after McTimoney treatmentNotice in the top picture how the right hindquarter is lower with ventral pelvic rotation to the right, the muscle tone over the gluteals and hamstrings are held with tension with a greater channel along the sacrum. Aer treatment the pelvis is level and the surrounding so tissue is relaxed. hypermobile, thereby producing pain and discomfort in the associated so tissue structures as a result.When considering spinal anatomy and the close proximity of the nerves exiting from the spinal column, areas of restriction or hyper mobility can cause potential impingements on the nervous system. is can result in severe pain and possibly adverse behavioural symptoms. Specialised manipulations at specic locations of the spine, in a certain direction and velocity, stimulate the nervous system to respond allowing the so tissue to relax and the skeleton to realign. is greatly reduces the tension and discomfort within the musculoskeletal system. By treating the whole body from head to tail in this way it helps to improve the entire symmetry and balance of that patient. In light of this McTimoney treatment can benet a wide range of patients for compensatory/lameness issues, performance enhancement, general well being, direct trauma/injury with signicant results.

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40Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016ABOUT THE AUTHORLucy Bounden is a member of the MAA and has her own business ‘Animal Spine’ providing Animal McTimoney therapy and Equine riding and coaching. She works freelance in and around Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire. For more information go to www.animalspine.com, lucy@animalspine.com or ring 07849 867987.CASE STUDY 2 COMPENSATORY LAMENESSHorse - EllieAge - 17 year oldBreed - oroughbred xHistory - In November 2015 Ellie injured her suspensory ligament in the right fore and despite following an advised rest period, she was still lame in trot, although sound in walk in September 2016. Her loanee, Sarah, under veterinary advice was currently walking her out with short periods of trot in order to strengthen it. e lameness was worse on the right rein in the school but aer ten minutes she moved a lot better. Sarah had also noticed that when bringing Ellie out of the stable, her back end was really sti too. McTimoney Treatment - On assessment from McTimoney therapist, Nikki Routledge, gait analysis revealed that Ellie was moving with her right hip much lower than the le when observing the pelvis. Treatment focused on rebalancing the pelvis which was found to be markedly rotated down on the right side with the lumbar spine L2-5 curved right and upper back T7-9 curved le in a compensatory pattern. e so tissue structures were tighter along the right side through the paravertebral long back muscles and gluteal region of the hindquarters. It was also noted that in spite of the original injury presenting in the right fore with an associated splint, there was greater lling in the le fore.Within two days of treatment there was a marked improvement of her soundness in trot, as reported by the owner Jo Elgar (a trained Equine Massage erapist). In this case the asymmetry of the whole body was having a signicant eect on the presentation of lameness symptoms from the previous injury. McTimoney treatment was invaluable in reinstating correct spinal mobility and comfort, enabling a rehabilitation programme to progress properly without continued compensatory movement patterns, thereby improving the long term prognosis.McTIMONEY ANIMAL ASSOCIATIONThe McTimoney Animal Association (MAA) is the governing body for Animal Mctimoney therapists and has over 100 members. All members have completed a Post Graduate Diploma or Masters in Animal Manipulation from theMcTimoney Chiropractic College. The Association represents professional standards for its members by maintaining a professional code of ethics, full indemnity insurance, work under veterinary permission and requirements for continued professional development (CPD). The MAA is at the forefront of animal therapy research constantly pushing research forward. Recently there has been published work in the Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology (7) and Journal of Veterinary Behaviour: Clinical Applications and Research Sept/Oct 2016. Research has been presenting at prestigious International conferences including at 3rd International Veterinary Congress, London, August 2016 and at International Society for Equitation Science conference, Saumur, France, June 2016. To read more on our research and to nd a McTimoney therapist please visit - www.mctimoneyanimal.co.ukMcTIMONEY

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41Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016REHOMING horses who have retired from racing for one reason or another has become very popular with many horse riders. e thoroughbred is quick and nimble so can suit many disciplines, and aer watching the Olympics it is evident that the thoroughbred gene is becoming more and more popular at high end competition.Obviously a thoroughbred doesn’t suit everyone, they can be quirky, hard to keep weight on, oen have terrible feet and come with an unjustied reputation of being ‘crazy’. But when you get the right one for you, there is no turning back!Living in the Cotswolds, I am surrounded by many top class training yards. Horses of eye watering value are kept in ve star accommodation and the journey from the gallops to the winners podium begins, however, not every thoroughbred has the ability or desire to win races and in these circumstances new homes and careers are sought. At the other end, horses typically retire from racing at the age of 13 or 14 and whilst they may have been very successful, they still have plenty of time le to try something new. No horse wants to stand in a eld for the rest of their lives. e Spring and Autumn may be pleasant, but the winter and mud is no fun, nor can the summer and ies be, so they deserve the chance to be kept mentally and physically stimulated.Whilst a horse can be worth thousands of pounds in racing, they are oen rehomed for free or for a tiny proportion of their original cost, making them cheap horses to buy, but what people don’t oen realise is they are not cheap to keep!Being a therapist I work with horses of all shapes and sizes and one thing that frequently comes to my attention is the inappropriate muscling of the ex-racehorse. is is oen merely due to a lack of education, but it can be a pitiful sight with genuine horses trying but struggling to full their owners expectations. Sore backs, joint and muscle pain, poor posture and overall weakness are just a few issues I have to deal with but with the correct exercise and nutrition, all this can be improved. I don’t profess to be the expert but owning thoroughbreds myself I do understand the challenges owners come across in the transition from racehorse to riding horse, so I hope this article gives some guidance to all you wonderful people who have taken on an ex racehorse, make them as strong, t, happy and healthy as you can.THE COMPARISONLet us rst look at the horse in race training ...Racehorses are required to get from start to nish in the fastest most ecient way possible, enabling them to get their nose in front. e thoroughbred is typically built ‘down-hill’ making their action sleek, quick and close to the ground. A horse that elevates themselves o the ground will waste valuable time in the air. Other considerations include:• A racehorse is typically ridden by a light weight rider who spends the majority of training time out of the saddle• e tack is very minimal and un-restrictive, allowing a huge degree of movement throughout the back. A racehorse’s stride will go from the most extended to the most exed enabling them to power forward with a huge stride• Racehorses do the majority of their training on fairly straight, inclining gallops made of top quality articial material designed to protect joints and maintain soundness• Racehorses are trained in a strict routine of both nutrition, exercise and down time• Racehorses develop strong pulling muscles, typically on the underside of the horse (the opposite to top line muscles)• Racing engages fast twitch muscles bres. ese are anaerobic and give the horse speedRetraining the mind and the muscleby Hannah Ashton, Animal Physiotherapist, BSc, DipAPhys, MIAATcontinued overleaf41Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016

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42Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016In comparison, the ridden horse;• Riders are of varying shapes and sizes compete in all disciplines and so the horse must be able to carry a variety of weights comfortably. Riders out of proportion to their horse can be either ineective or cause gait and postural issues, back and joint pain• Riders sit into the horses back aiming to propel the movement upwards and forward• Tack is designed to t snug. Dressage horses are required to do a number of movements including lateral, extended and collected work and they should be supple and exible throughout• Schooling movements require the horse to work ‘uphill’ enabling them to sit on their haunches and be in balance, control and harmony with the rider when asked to do a multitude of movements • Schooling typically takes place in a 20x40 metre or 20x60m rectangular arena and involves lots of turning, circling and sideways movements• Ideally horses should develop their top line muscles to provide self- carriage, suppleness, a light contact and postural ring engagement• Fast and slow twitch muscles bres enable endurance, quick movements and energyLooking at the comparisons, it is clear, out of racing, the horse has a very dierent job to do, it must use itself very dierently and as such, we as riders must equip the horse with the correct muscling to give it the best possible chance of comfort, ability and success. As previously discussed, a racehorse must be downhill, this gives it the best chance to win a race, however, out of racing and o top quality surfaces, a horse who is heavy on the forehand and does a lot on hard surfaces will over use their forelimb joints and could cause stiness and degeneration from an early age.MIND AND MUSCLETHE MUSCLESWhilst every muscle has a vital role in the performance ability of a horse, they oen work very dierently in each discipline.Looking at the pictures below I have highlighted the muscles we can clearly see are engaged and well developed. I have compared the racehorse verses the dressage horse as their job couldn’t be more dierent and whilst in this case they are dierent breeds I hope it gives you an indication on what to work on.Firstly, the dierence in build is evident. Racehorses are sleek and streamline making them light and quick. A dressage horse has more bulk, they need to be agile but aren’t measured on speed and their limbs must be able to hold a position or movement for a longer period of time.Observing the position of withers and croup in both photo’s you can see a racehorse’s croup sits higher than the withers, making them ‘downhill’. In dressage, the withers must be higher than the croup making the movement ‘uphill’Other comparisons to consider are the neck positioning, degree of leg exion and riders position.Looking at how the muscling diers, whilst each muscle is just as import to each discipline, it is oen used in a dierent way. In racing the hind limb muscles must work in a way to propel the horse forward and down into the forelimb, enabling the horse to take the greatest possible stride but not waste time in the air. In dressage, the hind limb must allow forward propulsion up into the forehand, sustained loading to achieve collected and balanced sideways and circular movements as well as variations in stride length, height of limb exions, extensions and multiple transitions.Like with the at work, race horses keep their jumping ecient, avoiding wasting time in the air. ey tackle one fence at a time with distance between each fence. Show jumpers tackle courses that turn, have combinations and have a variety of GLUTEALSFEMORAL BICEPSSEMITENDINOUSQUADRICEPSTRICEPSDIGITAL EXTENSORSBRACHIOCEPHALICPECTORALSTRAPEZIUSDOWNHILL MOVEMENTGLUTEALSFEMORAL BICEPSSEMITENDINOUSQUADRICEPSTRICEPSDIGITAL EXTENSORSBRACHIOCEPHALICPECTORALSTRAPEZIUSUPHILL MOVEMENT42Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016

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43Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016T: 01488 648998 Registered Charity No. 1084787For rehoming and sourcing options, as well as advice and to register for RoR prizes visit ror.org.ukFormer racehorses excel in all equine sportsMember of the National Equine Welfare Councilfences including uprights, parallels, doubles, triples, skinnies and walls and as such show jumpers must be able to collect, extend, propel themselves upwards and clear fences from one, two, three strides. Considering all of the above, whilst the highlighted muscles are used in all disciplines, the horse must adapt to using them in a dierent way. Too much change too quickly can cause aches, pains and strains so give your horse time, it will be worth it in the long run.To highlight the dierence in function of a few key musclese trapezius lis the shoulder allowing upward movement, essential in dressage movements but too much upward movement in racing will make the horse slower!e Longissimus dorsi transmits propulsion from the hind limbs. is is the longest dorsal muscle that originates at the pelvis and travels the length of the back. It is essential in both disciplines, however, the sitting continued overleafand loading aspect in a racehorse will be underused. A strong longissimus dorsi will also support the weight of the rider and protect the vertebral column. As the race rider will spend more time above the saddle than sitting on it, a racehorse in retraining will need time to adapt to the constant weight of a rider.e Bicep femoris muscle allows the racehorse to extend the hind limb to its full range allowing the huge stride length. In dressage, the same muscle doesn’t need such a high degree of extension but it is required to allow the hind limb to cross under the body enabling movements such as leg yields, half pass and haunches in. e Triceps, Brachiocephalic and Digital Extensor muscles are more developed in a racehorse as together they allow the huge degree of extension when galloping. e Pectorals are also much greater developed in racing as it is a strong pulling muscle. It brings the forelimb back to the body, completing the stride sequence. Any horse with well-developed pectorals suggests they work more on the forehand, right for some activities but not for others. You wouldn’t want a dressage horse with huge pecs!Dressage horses also appear to have a much larger bottom than racehorses! Racehorses require the gluteals to extend the hip joint playing an important part in achieving the huge stride length. In the dressage, it must also support the hind limb in sideways work, sitting and holding intricate movements and propelling the horse up into the contact.Movement of the hind limb is achieved with a sequence of muscular exions and extensions. e Quadriceps and Psoas muscles work together to ex the hip joint, extend the stie, exes and lis hind limb up and under, vital in both disciplines. e Semitendinosus is very prominent in racehorses as it allows the hip and hock to extend. Having the hind limb ‘out behind’ would be deemed incorrect in dressage and as such they are typically less prominent.43Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016

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44Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016THE MINDAnimal Therapy Magazine met up with Levi Hunt, Equestrian trainer and asked him those all important questions about training.When you start training an ex racehorse, what is the rst thing you typically address?Comfort. Retraining of the racehorse will only be successful if they are comfortable. Coming out of racing, there will often be many checks and changes that need to be made. New tack, shoeing, physiotherapy and in some case checking for or managing gastric ulcers. Any horse that is stabled for long periods of time can develop ulcers however, this isn’t unique to racing! A horse that is comfortable on the inside and outside is more likely to reach their full potential.In training, what exercises do you nd most useful to build / change muscle development?It is important that all new work is brought on slowly. Taking the time at the beginning will reap the benets in the future. Racehorses typically train in straight lines and as such their lateral swing is limited, therefore, encouraging them to swing through their backs will really help with suppleness. Exercises such as transitions (Dressage trainers will do up to 250 transitions in a training session!), changing direction such as gures of eight, changes of rein, changing pace (collect, medium, extend the stride in the same pace). Remember, racehorses are very good at going in straight lines, so by walk, trot, cantering around the outside of the arena isn’t really teaching them anything new. Using corners and bend will start the process of shifting their centre of balance back onto the haunches. Pole work is also a very useful exercise. Starting o with them on the ground and when condent raising them at one end or both and working in all three paces is great for achieving more lift, exion and engagement. Give me some common challenges you come across in re-training?Tension! Thoroughbreds work in a high intensity environment and can nd it dicult to ‘chill out’. This is how most people see racehorses and believe they will always be like this! With re-education most horses will adapt to their new life and you see a completely dierent, relaxed, side to them. Often, while in racing, horses associate tack with the gallops and as such don’t know how to relax and stretch under the saddle, this isn’t a negative, they need to get mentally prepared to race. For hacking, show jumping, dressage and eventing horses perform best when mentally and physically relaxed. Overcoming physical and mental tension I nd to be the most time consuming part of retraining, but the most rewarding!Do you recommend a programme to strip o the racing muscles and start to build new muscles for their chosen discipline? Racing muscles and muscles required for other equestrian disciplines are very dierent. For instance, a dressage horse wants a good top-line of muscle all the way from his poll to his dock, strong thighs and a light under carriage so that he can work round through his neck and back. A racehorse is lean in every way with light muscle throughout. Not weaker, just strong in another way.I nd starting thoroughbreds o as you would a youngster is the best way to build muscle. Long and low stretching and bending in a steady rhythm will help build stronger core muscle as they learn to push from behind and make each limb weight bear and engage for longer, building strength and balance. It is important to remember that by asking a racehorse to perform a dierent discipline, you are asking them to use muscles in a dierent way. Think of the rst time you go to the gym and do a weights session, you ache, well so do they, so take your time and allow for lots of little holidays so muscles can adapt. A sore horse won’t work to their best and may show behavioural changes.Muscle has memory and habits can take time to break. Little and often is far more benecial than intense schooling sessions, and of course, make time for lots of stretching and relaxation.www.levihunt.co.uk Facebook: Levi Hunt Equestrian TrainingMIND AND MUSCLE44Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016

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45Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016STRETCHINGOn the ground, there are many exercises owners can do to help improve suppleness, posture and balance. Before attempting any of these exercises I strongly advise you seek the help of a therapist or vet to rstly check your horse has no underlying issues and is capable of doing the stretching. ey will also demonstrate the stretches correctly and safely.Below are a few useful examples:The classic carrot stretchese are great exercises. Not only to they encourage bend but they make the horse rebalance themselves and engage their postural muscles.The tail pullis is a valuable exercise that should be prescribed to every owner to carry out before exercise. By pulling the tail, you rstly encourage the horse to engage it’s postural muscles so they are not pulled backwards. e back rounds exing the lumbar sacral region and the longissimus dorsi is stretched.Pulling the tail sideways also engages the postural muscles as well as the quads. As well as stretching the back it also encourages lateral work so should there be a problem area through the back, the addition of lateral stretch will help relieve this! It is a great exercise for all horses, especially the weak, young and imbalanced. e sideways stretch is great for improving hind limb strength and can help resolve issues such as sticky sties / xating patella.Trapezius Stretchis stretch activates the trapezius muscle, a muscle you want to develop. Regularly stretching this muscle will give it every chance to develop and keep supple. Like the tail pull, it also pulls the horse slightly o balance and is another great way of engaging the abdominal musclesForelimb ExtensionBy extending the forelimb, you not only free up the shoulders, stretch the triceps, pectorals and lateral muscles, you also encourage the horse to take the weight back on their haunches to avoid falling forwards. is is a great way to start the re-education and gain the horses condence in using his hind end dierently.45Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016

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46Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016OSTEOPATHY is oen referred to as a science and an art. Nowhere is this more relevant than when applied to the treatment of reptiles. is branch of the animal kingdom presents many unique, and at rst glance baing aspects that can easily put o the manual therapist.Reptiles come in many shapes and sizes. Some are easy to handle whilst others are not. ey all require specic knowledge to care for them properly, and many make excellent pets. However they are a world away from your average so, furry friends when it comes to assessing and treating.Before I get ahead of myself now is probably a good time to look at some of the problems reptiles can get and which osteopathy may help. To do this we also need to understand the dierent aspects of their anatomy, physiology, and locomotor systems when comparing to the mammalian model.AnatomyAll reptiles are vertebrates and all have a central nervous system that is recognisable to our own. eir vascular systems dier slightly, in that they are very energy ecient in using environmental help to assist with their core temperature. ey are not truly cold blooded but rather more solar powered. ey all have the senses and ability to thermo regulate in order to maintain a healthy core temperature, however if they get too cold or too hot then they seek environmental measures to address this via sun basking and water cooling etc ...From a locomotor viewpoint, most legged reptiles suspend their body between their legs resulting in a gait pattern that meanders along. Chameleons are the only ones that spring to mind that place the limbs under their body, in the way that mammals do. is appears to be an evolutionary adaptation to an arboreal lifestyle. Snakes and legless lizards create traction via their ribs and ventral scale patterns, and move with the classic serpentine action.Where some of the internal organs are, and how they have adapted themselves, is of particular interest to the osteopath. Snakes have so many dierences due to the need to contain everything within a long thin tube. Generally speaking the internal organs are arranged so that those traditionally on the right side are arranged cranial to those that would be on the le. ey have a snorkel like adaptation to their trachea, which they poke e Zoo Ost Limited approach by Tony Nevin, BSc (Hons) Ost, DOA cold-blooded look at OsteopathyOSTEOPATHYSafe handling of a Royal Python

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47Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016Top: Tortoise active total body stretch technique Above: Tortoise passive stretch technique for cervical so tissue structures and joint exibilityout of the side of their mouths when they are swallowing food. eir GI tract can expand enormously, and all other internal organs have evolved to displace during the peristaltic action of ingestion.Tortoises, on the other hand have evolved so that their lungs are situated just under the top of the carapace. is is ne, unless they are kept in a vivarium with only a heat mat. Depending on the ambient temperature they live in will dictate whether they need an overhead heat lamp source. From a reproductive point of view some reptiles are egg layers, whilst others give birth to live young. Within the egg layer group, some will abandon the egg nest once the eggs are laid, whilst others will guard it until the young hatch. Certain species, such as Burmese Pythons will actually incubate their clutch, using strong muscle pulse contractions to maintain a constant temperature.Nervous system and physiological adaptationsReptiles have well-developed central nervous systems, and many have extra senses that allow them to identify heat sources as well as their direction and location.Constrictor species of snakes have highly developed palpatory skills that allow them to apply specic pressure over blood vessels. e author has, on more than one occasion, experienced this rst hand with boa’s where they feel with their ribs and then squeeze over the carotid arteries bilaterally. is is one reason why it is always a good idea to have at least two people present when treating these types of patient.Some of the conditions Zoo Ost Ltd get to seeTORTOISEMetabolic problems due to cold lungs are sadly still being seen. With these we try to stimulate better overall circulation as well as getting owners to

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48Animal Therapy Magazine | AUTUMN 2016OSTEOPATHYinstall and use an overhead heat lamp suitable to their needs.Leg injuries can result from accidents, or direct trauma. Dogs like to play with tortoises and limbs can suer as a result.Some older individuals bear scars around a hind limb as a result of tethering them to a peg when outside. In certain cases that Zoo Ost have had radiographed this has also revealed hip dislocation. Due to the chronicity of them it isn’t possible to relocate the femoral head. Another reason we sometimes see tortoises is due to excessive shell shock, where a male has repeatedly smashed into another individual, either to dominate them, or to subdue them for mating. So tissue patterns similar to those found in whiplash victims can ensue.LIZARDSPhysical trauma between individuals is not unheard of, but probably the more common things we see are issues resulting from incorrect temperature environments aecting the locomotor system and general wellbeing. Extremes of temperature ranges can cause irreversible muscles damage due to altered enzyme action. Working closely with the animals vet can assist in better recovery rates, and longer-term restoration of health.When handling lizards, and legless lizards, please be aware that many species can lose their tails as an extreme defence measure. Never handle one by its tail, no matter how tempting!SNAKESAlthough snakes are incredibly exible they can still develop intervertebral movement issues. ese can be the result of direct trauma, or through dehydration or an incorrect temperature environment. Less common nowadays are nutritional issues, as keeping reptiles has become more popular and better catered for. ere are still cases where people rehome tortoises that are the oldest members of the family! ese can bear the signs of poor diet, and trauma that are evident in there musculoskeletal systems (MSK).TreatmentTreatment of a snake oen requires synchronized handling that to the casual onlooker looks like you are merely holding it. is is where the art of osteopathy comes in. By encouraging the patient to orientate its movement through the hands of the practitioner it is possible to facilitate a return to normal resting states within the entire length of the MSK. is is not a technique you can easily teach, as you must literally feel it for yourself.ose readers unfamiliar with certain modalities of osteopathy may nd this a little strange, and bordering on the mumbo jumbo of the early days of complementary medicine.In essence when carrying out this form of treatment the osteopath uidly manoeuvres the patient so that over-contracting muscle origins and insertions are approximated thus altering sensory input from Golgi Tendon Apparatus’s to the spinal cord segment(s) that innervate them. is creates a very subtle rebooting to the muscle spindles via the motor supply. Snakes will automatically move through your hands, and arms, using the path of least resistance. By working with the patient it is possible to initiate changes throughout the entire MSK.Generally reptiles respond well to this model of treatment. In Osteopathy we call it a Functional approach. Essentially we are looking purely at restoring free, normal function. Note I have not used the word symmetry, as a fully functioning individual wont necessarily be symmetrical.Now there’s a philosophical conversion for another article ...A nal word of warning, snakes don’t usually like you holding their head, and please ensure that you support their length evenly. e easy way to remember this is one hand a third of the way from the head, and the other a third from the tip of the tail. Sudden movements can excite snakes too, and always wash o the smell of any small furry pets you might also have. Even a Corn Snake bite hurts!

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