Issue 35 : simplebooklet.com

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 3Contents 5 HARTPURY Shaping the future of animal therapy 8 IRVAP The importance of warms ups, cool downs and gradual conditioning in equine exercise 12 BETA INTERNATIONAL Returns reimagined: Registration opens for UK’s leading equestrian tradeshow 14 NEW ZEALAND Animal osteopathy in New Zealand 17 CASE STUDY Physiotherapy treatment of a calf with congenital tendon contracture of the hind limb 19 CASE STUDY Physiotherapy & rehabilitation following separation of the pubic symphysis in a 4yr old Parsons Terrier 22 ANTINOL Omega-3s & Joint Health, why Green-Lipped mussel deserves a closer look 26 TONY NEVIN The effects of noise on our patients during a treatment session 28 CASE STUDY Tiny Tim a heartwarming tale of resilience 4452231 LED PHOTOBIOMODULATION Salt’s Journey, How the application of the Photizo Vetcare Infra-Red light system has been incorporated to improve outcome of a non-healing skin graft 34 SPOTLIGHT Putting canine massage courses under the spotlight 38 THERAPY & TRAVEL African Dream 40 DEEP OSCILLATION Unleashing healing power: The DEEP OSCILLATION® Revolution for Horses & Hounds 44 EQUICANTIS CPD EVENT A day to think bigger, bolder, and braver in your therapy business 47 EQUINE EUTHANASIA Tackling the toughest decision in equine care 49 REPRODUCTION & PERFORMANCE Mares: What is the link between their reproductive system and sports performance problems? 53 THERAPEVO Smart TECAR in veterinary medicine: science, not magic

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 4Despite the gentle rain as I write this, it really feels as though summer is on our doorstep…. And what a magazine we have for you! In this issue we offer you a selection of super articles, including a look into Deep Oscillation with the team at PhysioPod, a lovely case study by Emma Craigie Halkett covering the treatment of a calf which was born with congenital tendon contracture of the hind limbs, and Marc Beaussart considers the link between a mare’s reproductive system and sports performance problems. Ivan Ology shines a light on some of the Canine Massage courses that are available, and - further afield - Gilliyan Carter-Morgan talks about her on-going work with horses on safari in South Africa. So far this year we have worked with and supported many conferences and learning events for animal professionals and likeminded owners, and we continue to build on this. We are delighted to be media partners to BETA International this year, taking place in September. A brilliant event where top equestrian minds come together to demonstrate, educate and collaborate. An event that should not be missed. Get your tickets asap. Further information inside. If you have an event you would like to discuss with us, please get in touch with Tony Nevin. Finally – as always – thank you to all magazine contributors and to our readers… We couldn’t do this without you! Wishing you a wonderful summer-time! The Animal Therapy Magazine Team PS: Please subscribe for some amazing offers and discounts, only available to our Subscribers! Go to www.animaltherapymedia.co.uk and click on “Subscribe” ISSUE 36 will be out 12th September 2025 While every effort has been made to ensure that information is correct at the time of going to print, Animal Therapy Media Ltd cannot be held responsible for the outcome of any action or decision based upon the information contained in this publication or website. The publishers or authors do not give any warrenty for the completeness or accuracy for this publication’s content, explanation or opinion. No part of this publication and/ or website maybe reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form withour prior written permission of Animal Therapy Media Ltd and/or the authors of the articles within. Permission is only deemed valid if approval is in writing. Front cover image: Hereford Calf Courtesy of: Lowerfields Farm, Coate GET INTOUCH Hannah Ashton Editor hannah@animaltherapymedia.co.uk Georgina Bashforth Graphics Editor georgina@animaltherapymedia.co.uk Beth Lorraine Sales Manager beth@animaltherapymedia.co.uk Tony Nevin Editor & Media Partnerships tony@animaltherapymedia.co.uk Operations Team Ruth Milner info@animaltherapymedia.co.uk Sophie Milner sophie@animaltherapymedia.co.uk To subscribe with us or join our mailing list please visit our website www.animaltherapymedia.co.ukWelcome

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 5HARTPURY Hartpury University leads with innovation and industry focus Shapingthe Future OF ANIMAL THERAPYIf you haven’t looked at Hartpury University lately, it’s time to take another glance. Widely known for its roots in agriculture, equine, and sport, Hartpury has also emerged as a dynamic, forward-thinking institution at the forefront of animal health, therapy, and behaviour education. Today, Hartpury is home to a growing range of specialist degrees and professional courses tailored to meet the demands of a fast-evolving sector. With an emphasis on hands-on experience, scientific evidence, and close industry alignment, the university is preparing the next generation of animal care professionals for careers that make a difference. It’s also helping people in their current career to boost their knowledge and skills and apply to them to their daily practice. Hydrotherapy has become a core component of rehabilitation therapeutic care&

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6HARTPURY Designed for a changing industry As the animal care and therapy sectors continue to develop, so too does the need for skilled, confident professionals equipped to deliver safe, effective treatments. Whether in clinical animal behaviour, hydrotherapy, veterinary physiotherapy, or first response care, the expectations placed on practitioners are rising. Hartpury has responded with a range of new programmes designed in collaboration with industry experts and aligned with professional standards. Among the latest additions are the Undergraduate Certificate in Small Animal Hydrotherapy, the MVetPhys Veterinary Physiotherapy (2026 entry), and the Small Animal First Aid Certificate - each tailored to support career development in high-demand areas. Undergraduate Certiﬁcate (Level 4) in Small Animal Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy has become a core component of rehabilitation and therapeutic care, especially in canine practice. The Undergraduate Certificate in Small Animal Hydrotherapy offers an ideal entry point for those looking to specialise or upskill, with a strong emphasis on clinical reasoning, anatomy, and therapeutic practice. Notably, the course is endorsed by the Institute of Canine Hydrotherapists (ICH) and Canine Hydrotherapy Association (CHA). This flexible, practical qualification is suited to a variety of learners—from those already working in animal care to aspiring therapists looking to build foundational expertise in a growing field. MVetPhys Veterinary Physiotherapy (2026 Entry) Hartpury’s new MVetPhys (Integrated Masters in Veterinary Physiotherapy) represents a major leap forward in professional preparation. Blending undergraduate and postgraduate study over four years, the course goes beyond the basics to explore advanced rehabilitation, clinical decision-making, and multi-disciplinary teamwork. Students will work in modern facilities alongside experienced practitioners and gain practical experience through external placements and on-campus cases. They’ll benefit from dedicated animal rehabilitation centres and equipment, such as hydrotherapy pools, therapeutic exercise equipment, and gait analysis tools. The MVetPhys reflects Hartpury’s commitment to excellence and its vision for the future of animal therapy—where graduates are ready to meet evolving clinical and regulatory expectations. ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 7HARTPURY Small Animal First Aid Certiﬁcate Also new to Hartpury’s portfolio is the Small Animal First Aid Certificate—a hands-on, practical course designed to give pet professionals, animal handlers, and therapy practitioners the skills they need to respond confidently in emergency situations. While it’s not a substitute for veterinary attention, it aims to provide clear guidelines on the immediate actions to take. Whether working in grooming, boarding, dog walking, or companion animal therapy, having this knowledge could be the difference between panic and action in a crisis. It’s a course built for real-world application, with welfare, calm handling, and referral decision-making at its core. The course costs just £70 per person and is endorsed by the Institute of Registered Veterinary and Animal Physiotherapists (IRVAP), National Association of Registered Canine Hydrotherapists (NARCH), and the Canine Hydrotherapy Association (CHA). A hub for learning, research and real-world practice Hartpury’s reputation is built not only on the strength of its courses, but on its immersive, applied learning environment. The 360-hectare Gloucestershire campus includes dedicated animal therapy spaces such as Empowered Canine Physiotherapy and Hydrotherapy, an Equine Therapy Centre, and a varied Animal Collection, where students engage directly with live cases and a range of species. A brand-new Veterinary Nursing and Technical Skills Centre was opened by animal-loving Chancellor Martin Clunes. The university is also home to a thriving academic community. Research is embedded across all levels of study, offering exciting opportunities to real-world advancements in animal health, welfare, and therapy. From undergraduate dissertations to collaborative staff-student projects, learners are encouraged to explore areas such as behaviour, rehabilitation, nutrition, and human-animal interaction. This hands-on research experience not only enriches their academic journey but also prepares them to make meaningful contributions to the animal care sector. With a diverse portfolio that includes BSc (Hons) Veterinary Nursing, BSc (Hons) Animal Behaviour and Training with Canine (Clinical), and other specialised degrees—Hartpury offers clear progression routes and flexible entry points for learners at every stage of their career. More than just a qualiﬁcation What sets Hartpury apart is its ability to prepare graduates not just for a job, but for a lifelong career. Students benefit from small class sizes, access to real clients, supportive staff with industry experience, and a culture that places animal welfare and evidence-based care at the heart of everything. Flexible learning allows students to balance professional and personal commitments, ensuring the best individuals can thrive in the industry and not face unnecessary barriers. The university’s commitment to staying ahead of sector trends is evident in every new course it launches and continual curriculum reviews—ensuring that graduates leave not only with qualifications, but with the confidence, competence, and critical thinking skills they’ll need in a competitive field. To find out more about Hartpury’s full range of animal therapy, behaviour, and health courses, visit www.hartpury.ac.uk

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 8IRVAPn the field of equine performance and rehabilitation, warm-ups, cool-downs, and structured conditioning are consistently highlighted as essential — and with good reason. These elements are far more than routine formalities; they are vital in supporting performance, promoting recovery, and, crucially, preventing injury. Whether preparing a happy hacker for a gentle ride or conditioning a competition horse, understanding the physiological basis behind these practices enables us to make better-informed decisions for equine care. This article explores the biological significance of warming up, the dangers of doing too much too soon, and the science behind effective cooling down. We’ll examine how these practices affect energy metabolism, muscular and circulatory function, oxygen delivery, and thermoregulation — all of which are fundamental to the health and performance of the equine athlete. By aligning training and care routines with the horse’s physiological requirements, we not only improve performance outcomes but also ensure the long-term well-being of our horses. Warm-ups and cool downs are one of the non-negotiables in almost every therapist's advice. We know that integrating these into our exercise routines is important for injury prevention, but biologically, what is the significance? During exercise, muscles repetitively contract and relax to create movement. These contractions rely on adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is stored in small amounts in muscle. This supply can become quickly depleted during intense or prolonged exercise, thus necessitating other energy systems to replenish ATP levels, which involves anaerobic and aerobic metabolism. Of the generated ATP, approximately 70–80% of the energy is released as heat. This metabolic heat raises the temperature of the muscles and surrounding tissues. Warming up can slowly and controllably cause vasodilation and capillary dilation, thus speeding up enzyme activity, and therefore metabolic reactions needed to generate energy. With increased blood flow and muscle The Importance of Warm- UpsCool DownsWarm- Ups& Gradual Conditioning in Equine ExerciseIWarming Upby Hannah Simpson Veterinary Physiotherapist MSc, BSc (Hons), L4CertHydro, RAMP member, MIRVAP (VP)

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 9IRVAPtemperature, haemoglobin will release oxygen more readily at higher temperatures, improving oxygen availability to muscle cells. In the equine athlete, the spleen serves as a reservoir rich in red blood cells. When fully contracted, it can boost both red blood cells and circulating blood volume by as much as 50% (Bayly et al., 2024). Implementing a proper warm-up can contribute to splenic contraction, thus ensuring a complete and uniform distribution of these red blood cells, maximising oxygen delivery to muscles and tissues. Warming up muscles before exercise is essential in injury prevention and overall conditioning. With an effective warm-up, muscle and tendon temperature increase, thus increasing elasticity. This is due to the increased kinetic energy of molecules leading to increased flexibility and reduced stiffness. Collagen fibres become more pliable when warmed further, contributing to greater stretching without injury (Fritz et al., 2007). Elevating tissue temperature results in faster nerve conduction, improving the rate and reaction time of muscle contraction, and an increase in the elasticity of muscles, tendons, and ligaments, which may reduce the risk of injury and allow for a full range of motion in the joints (Frippiat and Votion, 2024). To summarise, warm-up heat is a controlled prep tool to enhance performance and reduce injury risk, whereas exercise-generated heat is a natural side effect of muscle work, which the body must manage to avoid overheating, which is a whole other article in itself!It's common sense not to enter an Ironman when you’ve only run 5km. The same applies to your horse. The key objective of training is to prepare the horse for the physiological and psychological demands of competition and/or ridden work to prevent injury and optimise performance (Ferrari et al., 2009). Appropriate training and conditioning are needed to prepare and ensure that our horses' cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems are adequate for the job intended (Castejon-Riber et al., 2017). It may seem obvious not to take your happy hacker to the gallops after a long winter break, but unfortunately, the principle ‘too much too soon’ can often be overlooked. Unfit muscles will fatigue faster and produce lactic Too Much Too Soonwww.hannahsimpsonvetphysio.co.uk

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 10IRVAPacid because they cannot deliver enough oxygen to meet the energy demands. Lactic acid is a result of anaerobic glycolysis, where glucose is broken down without oxygen, thus resulting in lactic acid as a byproduct. As lactic acid builds up in muscles, it can cause a decrease in pH, which can lead to muscle fatigue and soreness. When muscles are fatigued, there is less ATP available, leading to less forceful contractions, which means muscles are less able to provide stabilization against movements. This can cause them to compensate with other muscle groups that aren’t equipped to perform that movement, which can potentially cause injury. Cool DownCooling down a horse after exercise is just as important as warming up. It helps your horse recover properly and prevents injury. It can also be a beneficial way to assess your horse post-exercise and evaluate their fitness levels and response to exercise. Cooling down effectively can help maintain circulation, thus removing the buildup of lactic acid as a result of exercise. This can help restore muscle pH balance and reduce muscular fatigue. After intense activity, the horse's heart rate and respiratory rate become elevated. Cooling down can help reduce the elevated rates gradually, thus minimizing the risk of cardiac stress (Hodgson and Rose, 2000). Kang et al. (2012) found that a cooldown method following exercise had an impact on the horse's physiological status. Heart rate was seen to have lowered faster, as well as a significant decrease in lactate levels. They noted that a cooldown trot was most effective in reducing lactate levels compared to walking. Horses have a high metabolic capacity combined with a small surface area for dissipation of heat. When horses exercise, about 20% of the metabolism in the muscle cells is used for work, and the remaining 80% becomes heat (Wallsten et al., 2012). Horses are extremely efficient at dissipating heat during exercise, it occurs through radiation, convection, conduction and radiation. During exercise, blood flow is redirected to the skin's surface to facilitate heat dissipation. Vasodilation allows for greater heat transfer from the body to the environment through convection and radiation. Additionally, specialized blood vessels called arteriovenous anastomoses enable rapid heat exchange by directing blood flow directly from arteries to veins, bypassing capillary beds. Sweating is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system by adrenaline and by direct heating of the skin. Due to the protein found in equine sweat, latherin, it is spread along individual hairs, thus creating a greater surface area for evaporation (Marlin and Nankervis, 2013). A cool-down method of cold hosing helps absorb heat from the skin and underlying tissues through conduction. Additionally, as the water evaporates, it carries away heat, further aiding in cooling. This process is particularly effective in reducing surface temperatures and preventing overheating.Hodgson, D.R., & Rose, R.J. (2000). The Athletic Horse: Principles and Practice of Equine Sports Medicine. W.B. Saunders. Kang, O.D., Ryu, Y.C., Yun, Y.M. and Kang, M.S., 2012. Effects of cooldown methods and durations on equine physiological traits following high-intensity exercise. Livestock Science, 143(1), pp.70-76. Marlin, D. and Nankervis, K.J., 2013. Equine exercise physiology. John Wiley & Sons. Wallsten, H., Olsson, K. and Dahlborn, K., 2012. Temperature regulation in horses during exercise and recovery in a cool environment. Acta veterinaria scandinavica, 54, pp.1-6. REFERENCESBayly, W.M., Leguillette, R., Sides, R.H., Massie, S., Guigand, C., Jones, K.B., Warlick, L.M., Thueson, E.L., Troudt, T.A., Slocombe, R.F. and Jones, J.H., 2024. Equine exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage: the role of high left-heart pressures secondary to exercise-induced hypervolemia, and high inspiratory pressures. Journal of Applied Physiology, 137(5), pp.1359-1373. Castejon-Riber, C., Riber, C., Rubio, M.D., Agüera, E. and Muñoz, A., 2017. Objectives, principles, and methods of strength training for horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 56, pp.93-103. Frippiat, T. and Votion, D.M., 2024. Warm-Up Strategies and Effects on Performance in Racing Horses and Sport Horses Competing in Olympic Disciplines. Animals, 14(6), p.945. Fritz, S., Chaitow, L., & Hymel, G. (2007). Clinical Massage in the Healthcare Setting - E-Book: Clinical Massage in the Healthcare Setting - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 12BETA INTERNATIONALBETA International Sponsored by Neue Schule, returns reimagined: Registration opens for UK’s leading equestrian tradeshowAnimal Therapy Magazine are delighted to be supporting BETA International this year. We will be there so come and chat to us and get your copy of our magazine.WWith new management, a fresh focus, and co-location with PATS, the 2025 edition of BETA International sets the stage for innovation and growth across the equestrian sector. The UK’s premier trade exhibition for the equestrian and country sectors is making its long-anticipated return to the NEC Birmingham in 2025 with a new format, a revitalised content programme, and a renewed ambition to connect the UK equestrian market with the global industry. BETA International, sponsored by Neue Schule takes place on Sunday 28 and Monday 29 September 2025. Under the new management of Raccoon Media Group, the event marks a bold evolution of its 40-year legacy, with a clear focus on delivering value to exhibitors, attendees, and the broader equestrian community. “BETA International 2025 aims to deliver a new era of growth that meets the equestrian sector’s needs, both within the UK and abroad,” said Event Director, Liz Ormesher. “With Raccoon Media Group’s insight, we are confident in our ability to attract a wider range of exhibitors and visitors, ensuring a vibrant, robust event that reflects the industry’s importance.” RETURNING TO THE NEC BIRMINGHAM AND BIGGER THAN EVER Returning to the NEC Birmingham after its recent edition at NAEC Stoneleigh, the 2025 event brings BETA International back to a venue known for its scale, accessibility, and world class facilities. The NEC’s central location and international transport links make it ideal for attracting both UK and international visitors. The new venue also allows for increased exhibitor capacity and a more dynamic layout, with zones dedicated to innovation, retail trends, and live demonstrations.

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 13BETA INTERNATIONALA REFRESHED CONTENT PROGRAMME 2025 brings a revitalised content programme to BETA International. Bringing visitors a dynamic line-up of thought-provoking discussions and expert insights from industry leaders. The content will focus on business growth, consumer trends, leveraging AI in the workplace, and sustainability giving attendees key knowledge and insights to implement in their businesses. Rosie Turner (née Tapner), a recognised name in the equestrian community and a passionate advocate for industry progress, has been confirmed as the event host. She will guide a dynamic programme of keynotes, panel discussions, and Q&A sessions featuring leading voices from across the sector. WHERE BUSINESS HAPPENS Beyond the seminar programme, the show floor has been redesigned as a true hub for networking. Whether it’s retailers sourcing new stock, equine health professionals gaining industry knowledge, or colleagues networking in a relaxed environment, BETA International aims to make every interaction count. With over 100 exhibitors already signed up including LeMieux Products, Gallop Equestrian, Neue Schule, Charles Owen, Dubarry of Ireland and Red Gorilla, the 2025 edition is set to be the largest yet. Attendees can expect to discover a wide range of innovations, from performance tack and rider wear to feed, stable equipment, and digital services. THE NEW PRODUCT SHOWCASE RETURNS This year, the New Product Showcase sponsored by Horse&Rider has evolved to include a 10-minute pitching slot on the Seminar Theatre stage. Brands will be able to delve into the product development and unique selling points, giving visitors a deeper understanding of what sets each product apart. Prizes will be awarded to the best in each category, which this year will be divided into saddlery and tack, safety wear, feed and supplements, stable and yard, equestrian wear, and horse wear. “We’re delighted to continue our association with the BETA International New Product Showcase in 2025. Innovation is such an important part of the equestrian industry, and being able to bring exciting new developments to our readers is really important to us”. Louise Kittle Editor-in-Chief Horse&Rider Magazine THE FEED HUB – A DEDICATED AREA FOR ALL THINGS FEED Creating a dedicated area for Feed companies, The Feed Hub allows attendees to see the latest product developments from across the sector. Each brand will have the opportunity to speak within the Feed Hub seminar programme which allows buyers a fresh insight into each product. ONE PASS – TWO EVENTS BETA International is co-located with PATS (Pets & Aquatics Trade Show), the UK’s leading event for the pet industry. This new partnership offers substantial benefits for both exhibitors and visitors, allowing access to two exhibitions with one pass. The combined offering means that retailers, distributors, and buyers will be able to source from the largest selection of equestrian, pet, aquatic, and country brands ever assembled under one roof. WHY ATTEND? Whether you're a retailer looking to refresh your range, a distributor sourcing new suppliers, or a professional seeking insights into market trends, BETA International 2025 promises a valuable and energising experience. Visitors will benefit from: • Access to 100+ leading brands • See 1,000+ products in action • Networking with key decision-makers • Gain key insights into emerging trends • Free entry to both BETA International and PATS SECURE YOUR FREE PASS TO ATTEND Don’t miss the chance to be part of this industry-shaping event and immerse yourself in the equine and country sectors. To explore partnership opportunities, showcase your brand, or register to attend, please visit www.beta-int.com

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 14NEW ZEALANDNEW ZEALANDAnimalOSTEOPATHY in By Emily King, Bapsci, Most, Cert in Advanced Equine Osteopathy Animal osteopathy in New Zealand plays a crucial role in enhancing the health and performance of a diverse range of animals, from high-performance horses to working dogs and family pets. My deep passion for horses, competitive dressage and eventing shaped my journey into this field. It led me to discover the impact of osteopathy on improving an animal’s musculoskeletal health and function on their overall wellbeing and, in turn performance. Combining my love for animals, alongside osteopathy I can offer pain relief, improve mobility, and prevent injuries in animals, allowing them to live their best, pain-free lives. The principles of osteopathy apply across species, whether it’s horses, dogs, or other animals. In my practice, I apply my knowledge of biomechanics and anatomy to treat animals holistically. Osteopathy not only relieves pain but also works to prevent it, enhancing overall function and supporting long-term health.

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 15NEW ZEALANDNew Zealand has a strong equestrian community, with horses excelling in disciplines like dressage, eventing, and show jumping. Equestrian sports can push horses to their physical limits and any discomfort or injury can affect their ability to compete and their overall quality of life. The demands of these sports can place significant physical stress on horses, leading to issues such as muscle stiffness, joint pain, and poor posture. Stiffness and pain are often shown in horses as an unwillingness to perform movements they previously found easy, or through pain-based behaviours such as bucking, rearing, reluctance to move forward, napping, and impaired performance. By addressing musculoskeletal issues, osteopathy helps horses perform better and recover faster, allowing them to stay healthy and active in the long term. Osteopathy is also beneficial for those involved in recreational riding or those requiring rehabilitation after an injury. In my experience, I have observed improvements in muscle symmetry, a more balanced stride, better posture, and an overall enhancement in the horse’s temperament, leading to greater comfort and more efficient movement. Whether it’s a competitive horse in dressage or a recreational rider’s companion, osteopathy offers a holistic approach to addressing these problems by restoring balance to the body, improving movement, and reducing discomfort. The focus on treatment is not only on relieving immediate symptoms but also on identifying and correcting underlying issues that could contribute to pain or dysfunction. For example, a poorly fitting saddle or bridle can create imbalances that affect the horse’s movement, while repetitive strain from training can lead to chronic tension. By improving flexibility, restoring alignment and addressing muscle imbalances, osteopathy helps horses maintain peak performance while reducing the risk of long-term injury. When treating horses, it’s equally important to consider the rider’s physical health. A rider’s posture, alignment, and movement patterns directly impact the horse’s performance and comfort. Musculoskeletal imbalances in the rider can lead to inefficiencies that affect the horse’s movement, causing discomfort or strain. By addressing physical issues in both the rider and the horse, osteopathy ensures a harmonious partnership, improving communication, performance, and reducing the risk of injury for both horse and rider. While much of my work is with horses, I also treat dogs, particularly those involved in work or competition. New Zealand’s working dogs, especially those used in farming, play an essential role in the agricultural industry. These dogs are often subjected to the physical stresses of long working days and demanding tasks, which can lead to muscle fatigue, joint pain, and even injury. Working dogs need to remain physically capable of performing their duties efficiently, and osteopathy provides a preventative approach to ensure they stay healthy. By addressing muscle imbalances, alleviating tension and promoting flexibility, osteopathy helps working dogs stay in top condition, reducing the risk of injury and improving their overall performance. Whether it’s herding sheep or assisting with other farm tasks, osteopathy ensures that these dogs can continue their work without unnecessary pain or limitations.

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 16NEW ZEALANDSimilarly, agility dogs—trained to navigate complex obstacle courses—also benefit from osteopathic treatment. These dogs perform at high speeds and must move quickly and precisely. Any dysfunction in their bodies can significantly hinder their performance. Osteopathy helps maintain correct biomechanics, prevent injuries, and support recovery from overexertion. One of the most rewarding aspects of animal osteopathy is the collaborative approach with veterinarians. Osteopathy complements veterinary care, offering an additional layer of treatment for musculoskeletal issues, mobility problems, and injury prevention. In cases where veterinary intervention is needed, osteopaths work alongside vets to ensure the best possible outcomes for the animal. This teamwork is particularly crucial for complex injuries or conditions that require a multi-faceted treatment plan. For anyone involved with animals—whether an equestrian, farmer, or pet owner—animal osteopathy provides a powerful tool to maintain the health and well-being of your animals. Regardless of whether you need support for a competitive horse, a working dog, or a beloved pet, osteopathy can help improve their physical health and ensure they lead long, healthy lives. Antiseptic SkincareANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; THERE IS TOPICAL ASSISTANCEThe highest performing formulation of stable Hypochlorous at 300ppm. Leucillin is specifically formulated for optimum product efficacy and safety. Skin safe, user-friendly solution, Leucillin dramatically reduces pathogen load, Leucillin is a is non-cytotoxic broad-spectrum topical antimicrobial to accompany all dermatological protocols. · Skin preparation disinfectant · Proven Log710 testing against Bacterial, Viral and Fungal Pathogens · Dramatically reduces redness and odour, soothing tissue · HSE Authorised for both human and animal skin disinfection · Safe for all tissue including in ears, eyes, mouth and open skin · Effective on contact, safe for all mammals, birds and reptiles Available through Covetrus, MWI Animal Health, Simply2 Pet Products plus direct accounts available. Contact today for safety data material, EN standard microbial testing, trade pricing or to request your Free Veterinary Practice sample pack.www.leucillin.co.uk info@leucillin.co.uk or call us on 0345 5489800

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 17CASE STUDYPHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT OF A CALF WITH CONGENITAL TENDON CONTRACTURE of the hind limbBy Emma Craigie Halkett, BA(Hons) PG Dip AMM MA Adv Cert Vet Phys MIRVAP A beef suckler calf was born following uneventful and normal pregnancy, by posterior presentation and was examined by the vet the following day. The calf was bright, non pyrexic and weighed approximately 35kg. he calf exhibited a bilateral hind limb deformity with contracted tendons, making both metatarsophalangeal joints highly flexed and both tarsal joints able to hyperextend. It was not possible to move the fetlock beyond the vertical, so repeated physiotherapy was advised. Although there was limited evidence for its efficacy, an oxytetracycline injection was administered to improve, as far as possible, the outcome. It is not thought that the posterior delivery was relevant to this case. Physiotherapy was started 4 days post-delivery at the same time as a subsequent veterinary visit to re-examine and administer potentiated amoxycillin for a naval infection and to assist with splint application. The calf was able to stand but by taking weight on the anterior fetlocks with hyperextended hocks. Periods of standing were short and abrasive wound damage to the tissue of the legs had occurred during his efforts to stand. An intense physiotherapy plan was started to include short wave ultrasound, passive stretching, massage and splinting. Laser therapy was also used to assist with wound management. Ultrasound: Therapeutic ultrasound promotes the natural healing process of cells. The Tvibrations created by the sound waves from the probe increases the metabolic cellular activity and permeability, retuning the cells to correct homeostasis. This accelerates the tissue repair, reduces pain and swelling and helps to prevent and reduce scar tissue. Once the ultrasound had been completed, massage to all hindlimb muscles, lumbars and tendons was conducted along with stretching of the distal tendons. Ultrasound was applied at a continuous dose of 3 MHz, 1.0 W/cm2 for 10 minutes using gel contact and constant movement of the head. Treatment was provided daily for 10 days and then every other day for a further 10 days. As the ultrasound beam penetrates, the tissue molecules absorb the energy in the waves, increasing the molecular oscillation and warming the tissues. Stretching was performed immediately after application of ultrasound, whilst the effects of tissue warming were greatest. At the same time as treatment for the contracted tendons, supportive wound care was also provided on both fetlock joints. First the wounds were cleaned with an anti- bacterial wash, laser therapy was then applied over the wound, to further reduce the risk of bacterial infection and stimulate healing. Initially the laser was applied at 115.7 Joules, 2.05 J/cm2 followed by 17.16J, 0.91J/cm2. Laser therapy was applied for 30 seconds at 8 different points around the outside of the wound, to encourage and promote new cell growth on the wound margins. Fresh bandages were applied.AS THE ULTRASOUND BEAM PENETRATES, THE TISSUE MOLECULES ABSORB THE ENERGY IN THE WAVES, INCREASING THE MOLECULAR OSCILLATION AND WARMING THE TISSUES.Repeated manual and electrotherapy started to improve stretch and positioning

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 18CASE STUDYPassive Stretching: This consisted of manually stretching the limb, extending and holding the fetlock at an increased angle before returning the fetlock to flexion. This was repeated a number of times bilaterally. A gradual improvement was noted throughout the course of this treatment. Flexions and extensions were performed on all joints of both hindlimbs and with protraction and retraction of the limb. The massage and stretching techniques were demonstrated to the farmer and it was advised to repeat this three times a day where possible. Splinting: Between day 3 and day 14 gutter strip splints were placed anterior and lateral to the hind limbs and bound into place using wadding and vet wrap. Later at days 14-21, as the calf became heavier, the gutter splints buckled with pressure, so a move to a pre-fabricated and correctly sized splint by Shoof was used. Outcome: The calf responded well to treatment and by week 8, with reducing intensity of visits, the calf was in good condition and able to stand well. Heel growth continued to improve, offering better support. By 4 months of age his movement was near normal with only slightly more upright fetlocks than those of the unaffected calves. The calf continued to grow and gain weight, but this appeared not to pose a problem and he matured normally. The calf went on to reach full market weight and lead a normal herd life. Limitations: The case management was limited by lack of available information on physical therapy for this condition in cattle. Physiotherapy is not routinely provided to cattle due to nancial and time restraints for farmers. The treatment itself is limited by the requirement for daily input by farmers who may not have the time to spend performing physical therapy. Similar cases may benefit from similar early stage intervention. The weight and speed of growth of young calves makes a successful outcome time sensitive. Early splinting is essential to reduce the effects of tissue contracture. Deep bedding helps to prevent wounds but makes movement difficult for the calf so a mixture of clean, supportive bedding and preventative wrapping of the limbs can help. Wound management was part of the overall physiotherapy plan. Wound when treatment startedWound 2 weeks laterEarly stage positioning of the limb and splintingPositioning at the point splint support was removed. Limb improved further as heels became more supportive

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 19CASE STUDYeacon is a 4 year old male Parsons Terrier, who presented to a local veterinary practice with acute onset hindlimb paresis while staying with family members. He is believed to have suffered a trauma within the home, the details of which are unknown. On initial presentation, Deacon was non-ambulatory with hindlimb paresis and proprioceptive deficits, though his withdrawal and panniculus reflexes were intact, and deep pain sensation was present. X-Rays diagnosed separation of the pubic symphysis. Abnormality at the level of L7 was also observed, though it was unclear if this was an incidental finding or indicative of traumatic intervertebral disk herniation also. MRI scanning was advised to aid further understanding of the level of trauma and its affect on the surrounding structures, though this was declined due to promising signs of recovery in the first 72 hours following injury. Conservative management was advised, though a guarded prognosis was given. WEEKS 1 - 6 POST INJURY Strict cage rest with toilet breaks only was advised for the first 4 weeks, and pain medication prescribed. Deacon regained the ability to stand and ambulate with assistance at 10 days post injury. At 4 weeks post-injury, Deacon was referred to the physiotherapy team within the veterinary practice local to where he was staying with family members. Soft tissue massage and hindlimb passive range of motion exercises were utilised to aid improved tissue comfort and maintenance of joint mobility. Assisted standing square exercises and gentle cranial-caudal rhythmic stabilisations to encourage limb load were also utilised, as well as proprioceptive and sensory static exercises to aid increased proprioceptive awareness. LASER therapy was also used to aid pain management and tissue healing. By 6 weeks post-injury, Deacon had regained the ability to ambulate unassisted, though right hindlimb proprioceptive deficits remained, along with marked postural and gait abnormality, which manifested as an exaggerated pelvic tilt to the left with marked offload of the right hindlimb, with marked circumduction and intermittent skipping of the right hindlimb also.&PHYSIOTHERAPY REHABILITATION FOLLOWING SEPARATION OF THE PUBIC SYMPHYSIS IN A 4 YEAR OLD PARSONS TERRIER By Chloe Francis MVetPhys MNAVP and Kirsty Martin Pg Dip Vet Phys MNAVP DAUTHORS Chloe graduated from the integrated Masters degree programme in veterinary physiotherapy from Writtle University. After qualifying she moved to Glasgow in 2021 to join a busy small animal rehabilitation practice She specifically enjoys small animal rehabilitation following orthopaedic surgeries and injury. Kirsty completed an honours degree in Veterinary Biosciences at the University of Glasgow before graduating with a post-graduate diploma in Veterinary Physiotherapy from Harper Adams University in 2019. She has worked within the team at Gatehouse Veterinary Rehabilitation since. Her interest lies in chronic pain management, focusing on improving the comfort and quality of life of her patients.

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WEEK 12, 6 MONTHS POST INJURY Deacon presented to us at Gatehouse Veterinary Rehabilitation at week 12 post injury, having developed a multitude of compensatory mechanisms, made more complex by residual right forelimb weakness from a historic fracture of his IV metacarpal bone, radius and ulna sustained a year prior. In addition to his previously described gait and postural abnormalities, significant global hindlimb muscle atrophy and a delayed proprioceptive response of his right hindlimb remained, with stiffness and restrictions in the range of motion of both hip and stifle joints. Postural thoracolumbar kyphosis, epaxial hypertonicity and myofascial spasm were present, with pain on palpation of his lumbosacral spine. His left forelimb was significantly overloaded, with restriction on shoulder extension manually and actively. We discussed the potential for increased pharmaceutical pain management with is owner at this stage, though this was declined as Deacon appeared bright and energetic at home. Physiotherapy treatment from week 12 involved a combination of LASER and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, alongside soft tissue massage primarily to aid pain management and improvement of tissue mobility. Static isometric exercises progressing to eccentric loading of his hindlimbs and proprioceptive exercises were also utilised. Hydrotherapy in the underwater treadmill was also introduced at week 12 to aid strengthening and re-education of a correct gait pattern. Subtle improvement was observed at this stage, including improved right hindlimb loading and improved proprioceptive awareness of this limb, and a lesser requirement for lateral support during hydrotherapy. However, general week on week progression at this stage was slower than expected, with limited improvement in comfort, and slower than expected muscle build and postural improvement. As the rehabilitation process was taking longer than ideal for a high energy and previously very active young dog, Deacon began to develop adverse behaviours including reactivity toward other dogs, believed to be associated with frustration due to ongoing exercise restriction. A gradual increase in on-lead walking resumed and off-lead exercise was introduced. However, in hindsight, uncontrolled activity at this stage did result in Deacon suffering some setbacks due to right hindlimb fatigue and subsequent increased compensatory chains. As such, improvement in his clinical signs plateaued and the aim of physiotherapy treatment shifted toward management of compensations. ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 20CASE STUDYDWEEKS 6 - 12 POST INJURY eacon returned home to his owners with a home physiotherapy exercise programme which had been progressed to include some gentle dynamic exercises. Short lead walks had also been reintroduced at this stage, and a gradual increase in controlled exercise was advised.

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 21CASE STUDYDeacon experienced a particularly major setback 6 months post injury, which presented as notable deterioration in his posture and gait, myofascial pain and joint restrictions, as well as increased reactivity toward other dogs at home. We advised Deacon’s owners to return to short, on-lead walks only, and we consulted Deacon’s primary veterinarian, which facilitated a breakthrough in his case; Deacon was placed on increased pharmaceutical pain management which hugely improved his comfort levels, allowing us to unwind his compensations and subsequently push forward with further strengthening. This set back and increased involvement of Deacons vet allowed his owner to develop a greater understanding of the complexity of his condition, and the need for ongoing management. Physiotherapy treatment continued as previous, and by 10 months post-injury, all proprioceptive deficits had subsided, and Deacon was comfortable on exam. He did however still ambulate with marked circumduction and offload of the right hindlimb, with an exaggerated pelvic rotation to the left. At this stage, cavaletti poles were introduced to his rehabilitation plan during sessions and at home, to encourage increased active flexion of his hindlimb joints. His postural and gait adaptations meant that he really struggled with this exercise at first, but gradual week on week progression of the intensity of the exercise meant that after 3 weeks, he was managing tarsal height poles with good active flexion of his right hindlimb joints and subsequent reduced circumduction of the right hindlimb, which quickly became visible during day to day ambulation too. Incline work in the underwater treadmill was also recruited at this stage to encourage reduced cranial load and further engagement of the hindlimb musculature. We also introduced more advanced static exercises which he could not manage previously, to encourage further core engagement and recruitment of deep postural musculature. This included mediolateral rocking on a wobble board, and various isometric exercises with a large Fit Bone. It is now over 1 year since Deacon obtained his initial injury, and he has made a good return to full functional normality. The positioning of his pelvis is now straight, and he no longer offloads his right hindlimb. Minor circumduction of the right hindlimb remains, which increases with fatigue. Muscle mass of his right hindlimb has built significantly and is now comparable with that of the left hindlimb, and his most recent reading on the Companion Animal Stance Analyser was 14% through the left hindlimb and 13% through the right hindlimb. His residual cranial overload (35% left forelimb and 38% right forelimb) means that residual hypertonicity of his thoracic sling musculature remains, alongside stiffness and reduced active extension of both shoulder joints during ambulation. Deacon is now managing walks of up to an hour in length, which includes off lead exercise. As a high energy, young dog, his quality of life has also improved with the recent reintroduction of some low-impact retrieval based games at home. Before his injury, Deacon enjoyed long hikes and mountain climbing with his family. He is yet to return to this level of activity due to residual weakness and compensation, though this is something that his owners are keen to return to. We continue to recruit advanced static and dynamic exercises during his physiotherapy sessions to further improve strength, balance and proprioceptive awareness, whilst using manual and electrotherapies to maintain joint comfort, range of motion, tissue comfort and motility. We continue to use all of these techniques during regular sessions to support Deacon through an ongoing increase in exercise intensity, alongside ongoing pain management as prescribed by his vet. The take home message from working with a case like Deacon’s is to trust your assessment as a professional, and to recruit the benefits of being part of a multidisciplinary team, particularly when you do not see the improvement you would expect in the initial stages of a rehabilitation plan. Working in an industry where research on rehabilitation of complex conditions is limited, this case reminds you to work with each individual patient step by step through the rehabilitation process, tailoring the treatment plan and short term goals dependent on the presentation of the patient.6 MONTHS ONWARD

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 22ANTINOLFor veterinary professionals and animal rehabilitation therapists alike, the challenge of managing musculoskeletal health across all life stages remains a cornerstone of clinical care. From high performing agility athletes to geriatric cats navigating daily mobility issues, our treatment plans must evolve alongside the evidence. One area showing increasing promise in supporting joint health and mobility is the use of omega-3 fatty acids—especially those derived from the New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus).OMEGA-3S JOINT HEALTH Why Green-Lipped Mussel Deserves a Closer Look&By Eloise Collins BSc(Hons) RVN, PgD Vet Phys WHY OMEGA-3S? Omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA and DHA are known for their role in maintaining normal metabolic processes and supporting the body's natural anti-inflammatory pathways. In both younger dogs and seniors, they can assist in maintaining healthy joint function, and are commonly used in conjunction with lifestyle and physiotherapy programs. Omega-3s can also contribute to the maintenance of normal skin, cardiovascular, and cognitive functions—making them a well-rounded component in broader wellness strategies. In young animals, omega-3s can help support musculoskeletal development, especially in large breed dogs, and aid cognition. In senior patients, particularly those with joint stiffness, these fatty acids can help maintain the body's natural anti-inflammatory pathways and support joint health and mobility. GREEN-LIPPED MUSSEL: A UNIQUE SOURCE Unlike standard fish oils, green-lipped mussel extract offers a more diverse lipid profile. In addition to EPA and DHA, it contains less common but highly bioactive omega-3s such as stearidonic acid (SDA), eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA) and rare furan fatty acids. These unique fatty acids provide broader and, in some cases, more targeted beneficial effects for joint health.

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 23ANTINOLSUPPORT FOR ACTIVE AND PERFORMANCE DOGS In performance and agility dogs, maintaining comfort and supporting recovery is a high priority. These animals experience repeated physical stress and benefit from strategies that help maintain normal muscle recovery and oxidative balance. Omega-3s, alongside appropriate conditioning and nutrition, are increasingly used as part of these performance management plans. Green-lipped mussel’s natural profile of marine lipids provide valuable nutritional support in high-performance routines, particularly where oxidative stress is a consideration. ARETHINKING TRADITIONAL JOINT SUPPLEMENTS For years, glucosamine and chondroitin have been the mainstays of joint health supplementation. However, emerging evidence is challenging their efficacy. Two recent meta-analyses—one published in the British Medical Journal and another in Osteoarthritis and Cartilage—have concluded that glucosamine and chondroitin offer no clinically meaningful benefit over placebo in managing osteoarthritis. Reflecting this evidence, these compounds have been removed from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for osteoarthritis management within the NHS. For veterinary professionals, this shift is significant. It urges a reassessment of our reliance on legacy supplements and supports the transition toward nutraceuticals backed by stronger scientific validation. MOVING FORWARD WITH CONFIDENCE As our understanding of musculoskeletal health increases, green-lipped mussel extract stands out as a scientifically supported, naturally derived option for joint support. Whether you’re treating a golden oldie with poor mobility, or an elite agility dog in peak condition, integrating omega-3s into your patient’s multimodal management plan offers a safe and effective means of supporting mobility and long-term musculoskeletal health. As always, a personalised approach that includes physical rehabilitation or conditioning, weight management, and nutritional support will yield the best outcomes. But it’s reassuring to know that science is finally catching up with nature—and green-lipped mussel is leading the way. STABILITY MATTERS Stabilised, encapsulated green-lipped mussel oil offers a significant advantage over green-lipped mussel powder, containing around 20 times more lipids, including a broader spectrum of omega-3s and other beneficial fatty acids. Unlike powders and bottled oils, which can degrade quickly when exposed to air, light, or heat, stabilised oil undergoes a patented extraction process that protects it from oxidation. This ensures the delicate marine lipids remain intact and bioavailable. The result is a highly concentrated, shelf-stable oil that delivers consistent quality and potency—ideal for supporting pets' joint health and overall wellness.

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 24ANTINOLBIO Eloise Collins is a 12-year qualified RVN and a veterinary physiotherapist. She has worked in mixed, equine and small animal practices in both first-opinion and referral settings. She has special interests in canine sports science and arthritis management. She now works as the Technical Advisor for Vetz Petz. www.bdbco.vet info@bdbco.vet01491 81846010% discount on Scandi Orthopedicproducts use APMM6UK DistributorOrthoses &lifting aidsFloor-based & tabletop treatment matsProprioception tracksNon-slip matsCold compression bandagesRamps and Step SystemPressure relief beds for dogs with arthritisASK ABOUT TRADE SALESDISCOVER ANTINOL®: NATURAL JOINT SUPPORT WITH PROVEN RESULTS Antinol® is a super potent, highly bioavailable supplement consisting of Green-lipped mussel oil. Containing all known omega-3s and backed by over 20 scientific studies, it supports the body’s natural anti-inflammatory processes and helps support joint health and mobility. This is why Antinol is the joint supplement of choice for many veterinary orthopaedic and pain specialists. Launched on the 1st May, the new Antinol® Professional Partner Programme allows vets, allied therapists and other animal professionals to stock and sell Antinol, earn affiliate commissions, and order easily via the new Pro Portal. Scan the QR code opposite or contact Eloise at eloise@vetzpetz.com to book a virtual Lunch & Learn for you and your team. All attendees will be provided with a CPD certificate and we will also cover the cost of your lunch! Help your clients support better mobility—naturally.

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The effects of noise TONY NEVINANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 26Have you ever wondered why we have two ears, two eyes, and yet just one mouth? I must admit there have been times in my life where I have asked a colleague or patient this very question. We are blessed with having more sensory receivers than motor sound projectors (mouths!). Sound is all around us, both audible and vibratory. As humans we are less susceptible to this form of auditory pollution. However, most of our non-human patients are not. Everyone worries about fireworks, and quite rightly. Yet I have seen some of these very same people not thinking twice about crashing and banging around a yard where a nervous horse is receiving some form of therapeutic treatment. Before looking deeper into this scenario let’s have a look at some of the neurology involved in the sensory side of things. In particular the cranial nerves that are not directly part of the main spinal cord. There are seven that have a sensory, or part sensory function in mammals, which includes us as well. Cranial nerve 1 (CNI) is the olfactory nerve. This has the shortest pathway from the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb in the brain and is how smell is processed. Cranial nerve II (CNII) is the optic nerve and takes visual information from the retina to the brain’s visual cortex, and is how we see. Cranial nerve VIII (CNVIII), the vestibulocochlear nerve is involved with hearing and balance. The cochlear part dealing with sound received by the cochlear and transmitted to the cochlear part of the brain. The vestibular part deals with balance and spatial awareness information from the semi-circular canals and otolithic organs to the brain. These three nerves are purely sensory. There are four more that have a sensory aspect. These are: Cranial nerve V (CNV), the trigeminal nerve. This has three branches. The Ophthalmic deals with sensation from the forehead, upper eyelid, cornea, and part of the nose. The Maxillary covers sensation from the lower eyelid, cheek, upper lip, teeth and gums, the nasal cavity, and the palate. The mandibular branch deals with sensation from the lower jaw, teeth and gums, part of the tongue, skin over the cheeks and chin. Cranial nerve VII (CNVII), the Facial nerve has a strong autonomic (or automatic non-conscious) function that involves stimulation of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, and tears from the lacrimal glands. Cranial nerve IX (CNIX) is the Glossopharyngeal nerve. This provides taste from the posterior third of the tongue, general sensations to the pharynx and tonsils, as well as visceral sensory information from the carotid body and sinus, which are involved in blood pressure and gas regulation within the circulatory system. It has an autonomic function in stimulating saliva secretion from the parotid gland. on our patients during a treatment sessionBy Tony Nevin BSc (Hons) Ost, DO

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 27TONY NEVINThe final cranial nerve with a sensory component is the familiar Cranial nerve X (CNX), better known as the Vagus nerve. This conveys visceral sensory information from the pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, trachea, heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera. It also covers taste sensation to the epiglottis. It is a major component of the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS), regulating heart rate, breathing, and digestion, as well as numerous other influences on the body. As I have already mentioned, we as humans have mostly dampened down our sensory awareness. Those that haven’t are the ones who often exhibit signs of stress and discomfort when these senses are assaulted by noises, smells, and visually disturbing images. Our non-human patients are usually much more in tune with the sensory information that their brains receive. Therefore, imagine a nervous horse with a compromised musculoskeletal system (MSK) that is being treated by a hands-on practitioner. Touch alone may over stimulate this individual if it has been compromised for a while. Add to this some strong smelling after shave or perfume, coupled with other people in the yard making inordinate amounts of random noise with buckets, wheelbarrows, brooms, doors, music, and shouting to one another whilst trying to hold a conversation whilst 20 metres from each other. Look at what these nerves will be conveying back to the brain cortex of the patient. The very patient you are trying to help, who is already struggling to cope with life in general, and spooks at its own shadow. This is an all-too-common scenario, and it’s not just confined to horse yards. I’ve lost count of the number of times a vet or nurse has burst into a consult room to fetch something they need, completely disrupting a treatment session with a reactive dog, or just one that has zoned out and is completely absorbed in the fascial unwinding or craniosacral aspect of the session. The universal comment is always…… “IT’S OK I JUST NEED TO GET SOMETHING, JUST IGNORE ME!” The patient can’t. It’s as simple as flicking a switch. At best I must start the treatment again. With a really nervous and reactive patient I may have to reschedule them to come back another time. I cannot over stress the importance of keeping noise to a minimum. This includes human speech. Many animals tense up when a person is speaking, especially if their voice is loud and penetrating. Strong perfumes, aftershaves, and fragrances are another stimulant. Vivid and noisy clothing are another problem, along with footwear that makes a lot of noise announcing the wearer’s arrival. There is a very good reason why we have two ears, two eyes, and one mouth. We really should use them in the proportion that we were given them! Please be aware of all the noise around us when we are working, and of the need for quiet, or silence.

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 29CASE STUDYiny Tim's story began almost six years ago when he arrived at the veterinary hospital where I was working as a Registered Veterinary Nurse (RVN). I had recently started my training to become an Animal Physiotherapist when one of the vets, Laura, brought an adorable 8-week-old kitten out into the prep room. Tiny Tim had been brought in by a farmer who wanted him euthanised after a horse box ramp fell on him, leaving him paralysed. However, Laura couldn't bring herself to euthanise him, and the owner agreed to sign him over. After conducting X-rays, the prognosis looked good for commencing rehabilitation. Laura fostered Tiny Tim and brought him to work every day, where we began an intensive physiotherapy regime. We used various techniques, including LASER therapy, massage, PROM (passive range of motion), PEMF (pulsed electromagnetic field therapy), and targeted exercises to improve his hind limb awareness and proprioception. After a couple of months Laura went to Mexico to volunteer in a neutering clinic, so I fostered Tiny Tim while she was away (which of course led to us keeping him as we just fell in love with him!). I started hydrotherapy sessions twice a week, beginning in the pool and later transitioning to the underwater treadmill (UWTM). Tiny Tim showed signs of progress (spinal walking), but an MRI revealed that his spinal cord was severed. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit, hydrotherapy sessions stopped, and Tiny Tim became less tolerant of the physiotherapy exercises. We tried using wheels for him, but despite a positive association approach, he didn’t take to them. Observing him in the garden made me realise that he was better off without them, as cats move differently from dogs and whereas you put a dog in their wheels to take them for a walk, with cats they are moving under bushes and different surfaces and then laying down a lot, so they just weren’t right for him. Tiny Tim loves the garden, catching voles and other creatures, and we have ensured the garden is secure so he can roam freely and safely. I often wonder if we would have any wildlife at all if he were able-bodied! One of the most significant challenges with Tiny Tim is his urine retention. He cannot pass urine without being expressed, which we do two to three times a day. Initially, I was the only one who could express him, but I taught my husband, which helps. However, expressing his bladder remains a challenge for others, even veterinary professionals, due to the high tone of his muscles. It is a lot to ask of someone if they aren’t 100% confident, and I really don’t want to leave him at the vets if we were to go away. Due to this, we find a way for either me or my husband to express him. Tiny Tim finds comfort in being with us and our three dogs, and without them, he feels a little out of his comfort zone. Tiny Tim leads a very happy and mostly independent life. He climbs on the sofa (with some help from us when we are in the room to save over straining his shoulders) and enjoys the freedom of the garden. While we have made a few sacrifices, such as not going abroad on holidays, it is worth it to see Tiny Tim's quality of life. Euthanasia for paralysed animals in my experience, is often chosen based on mobility alone, but Tiny Tim's story demonstrates that with dedication and love, disabled pets can lead fulfilling lives. Tiny Tim has not only become a beloved family pet but has also taught me invaluable lessons that have enhanced my ability to support and educate pet owners facing similar challenges in my role as an Animal Physiotherapist. He has also changed the perception of disabled pets among the veterinary staff I used to work with, some of whom couldn’t see how he could have quality of life with his paralysis. They soon changed their minds when they saw him at my house! As a physiotherapist, having our own pets suffer with certain diseases or injuries becomes a special area of expertise due to all the research and learning involved. Due to this I have developed a real passion for neurological cases. Tiny Tim inspires me every day, and I am grateful for the opportunity to share his story. TTinyTimA HEARTWARMING TALE OF RESILIENCE By Anna Lindley RVN, Dip.A. Physio, IAAT, BSc (Hons)OT

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 30Considerations if facing your pet becoming disabled IS IT THE RIGHT DECISION FOR THE ANIMAL? If they are nervous or don’t like handling, will they cope with bladder expression, wheels, or being bathed regularly if incontinent? Can the owners practically cope? - If the pet is a 50kg dog and the owners are elderly or have mobility issues themselves, it might not be practically viable. Does the animal have any front limb issues? - Dragging and being in wheels can put a lot of strain on the front limbs, so this must be considered (although quad wheels are available). Take away message: - Every situation is individual, and the decision and honest discussions need to be had that are in the best interest of both the pet and the owner. It is not the wrong decision to choose euthanasia if owners can’t cope or aren’t onboard 100% with caring for a disabled pet. Poorly managed disabled pets often have a poor quality of life, including issues like urine burns. They are more challenging to manage so owners must know what they are getting into. BIO Anna is a Registered Veterinary Nurse and Qualified Animal Physiotherapist, based in the Elham, Canterbury, Folkestone and Ashford area. Her business is called Anna's Animal Physiotherapy and she treats dogs, cats, and small animals. With veterinary consent, Anna’s treatments include; gait assessment, stance analysis, and hands on examination, as well as a discussion about the environment including advice on changes or adaptions that may help your pet and exercise and weight management. Anna uses a combination of techniques including manual therapy, LASER therapy, Pulsed Electromagnetic therapy and targeted exercises, all in collaboration with the pets veterinary surgeon to ensure a multimodal approach is implemented.

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 31LED PHOTOBIOMODULATIONSalt’s Journey HOW THE APPLICATION OF THE PHOTIZO VETCARE INFRA-RED LIGHT SYSTEM HAS BEEN INCORPORATED TO IMPROVE OUTCOME OF A NON-HEALING SKIN GRAFT By Aly Grant Dynamic Dogs Massage & Mrs Arlene Frater Calm Canine Training BACKGROUND DETAILS Salt is a beautiful 5-year-old male labrador who shares his home with his sister May. He loves his various training, agility and scent work classes that he’s enrolled in at Calm Canine Training- a dog training company that his Mum Arlene Frater owns and runs in conjunction with her business partner of Absolutely Pawsome. Salt is an extremely happy and exuberant dog and I regularly see him for maintenance massage and Photizo Vetcare photobiomodulation therapy in his own home to help address issues with his left shoulder and compensatory muscular imbalance. PRESENTING ISSUES & DIAGNOSES Salt has had previous intermittent minor intestinal issues but on 17th June 2024 he was admitted to his vets with a suspected gastro bug or pancreatitis episode. He was treated but kept in overnight for observations and on deteriorating, he was admitted the next day to a local vet hospital where he stayed for a few days. On the 21st of June, while Salt was being cared for at the vet hospital, he contracted an E.coli infection in the site of the cannula in his right front leg. Multiple antibiotics failed and by the 24th of June (Salt’s 5th Birthday) he had become seriously ill and the E.coli infection rapidly spread causing necrotising fasciitis and an extremely high fever. At this time there were heartbreaking discussions about euthanasia but after a few more days of intensive care Salt improved a little. It was unclear at this stage whether Salt may have to lose his right leg, but surgical debridement was carried out and Salt’s leg was bandaged. On the 28th of June Salt was discharged as he was in severe distress, and they felt he would be much more comfortable and relaxed at home. The following Wednesday (3rd July) he was admitted back to the vet hospital for a skin graft, and he remained in their care until Friday 5th July where he was again sent home. Arlene then had weeks of vet visits every second day for multiple bandage changes. The skin graft was taking a huge amount of time to integrate, there was a lot of swelling, oedema and tissue exudate and Salt was again given antibiotics and colloidal silver treatment, but the progress was extremely slow with his chronic non-healing wound. Fig 1 Salt back at home for the first time Fig 2 Weeks and weeks of enduring the Elizabethan collarFig 3 Salt enjoying some much-needed Vitamin D

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 32LED PHOTOBIOMODULATIONFig 4 The fresh debridement, before application of the skin graft and before secondary infection, oedema, exudate and inflammation began.Fig 2 Salt’s waterproof bootFig 6 Salt sleeping off his first session of Reiki and Photizo with me 16th AugustOn the 15th of August his bandage was removed and left off to try to allow the wound to dry out. HOW THE PHOTIZO WAS INTEGRATED Arlene approached me for assistance as I had previously used Photizo Vetcare device for Salt at home for his shoulder pain & muscular compensation and I had mentioned that the modality was proven to be extremely beneficial for non-healing wounds. Arlene discussed this with her vet who approved and I then visited Salt on the 16th of August, the day after his bandage was removed. I carried out a 30-minute Reiki healing for Salt and applied one dose of Photizo Vetcare per inch over Salt’s wound, from the proximal region close to his elbow down to the distal region at his carpus, applying the dose to the medial and lateral edges of the wound as well. I trained Arlene how to use the Photizo and said that one dose per area in the mornings could be repeated at nighttime, but no more than 2 doses per area per day. Arlene kindly sent me photographs of the wound so we could monitor it day by day. This continued for the first 2 weeks and daily treatment thereafter, the improvements are astonishing. Poor Salt however still had to wear his Elizabethan collar/ cone all this time. Fig 7 Arlene carrying out daily Photizo as Salt relaxed

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 33LED PHOTOBIOMODULATIONFig 8 Progression of healing: a minor setback on day 9 when Salt secretly chewed his scabs off when the cone was left off for a few minutes.OUTCOMES AND ONGOING PLAN The vets were shocked as to how quickly this phase of healing progressed. They were extremely happy with Salt’s skin graft, and allowed him to have to cone removed for a lot of the day. Within 4 weeks he was back to his usual activities at Dog Club, Scent Work Club and enjoying his training. He could fully weight bear on his leg, the swelling and oedema was gone and lovely new fresh pink granulation tissue with lots of hair growth. Arlene continued to use Photizo Vetcare once a day and the improvement was obvious to see. Salt’s temperament was back to his cheeky, happy exuberant self and he was even back to running by Week 4. Fig 9 Lovely new pink granulation tissue and active fur re-growthFig 10 Salt back at Dog Club with his pals minus his cone and minus chew-able scabs to attack!We truly believe, and have evidence to show, the frequent application of the Photizo Vetcare device at home allowed Salt’s skin graft to move from an extremely risky, infection-prone chronic non-healing wound to an integrated actively healing remodelling epithelium with restored function. Salt continued to improve day by day with almost all his hair on the area has grown back. For more information on Salt’s case contact Aly Grant at www.dynamicdogsmassage.com and Arlene at www.calmcaninetraining.co.uk “The swelling and oedema was gone and lovely new fresh pink granulation tissue with lots of hair growth”

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Spotlight By Ivan Ology ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 34SPOTLIGHTn this edition I’m going to put canine massage courses under the spotlight. As the animal care professions expand, so do the number of courses being offered. But there is a vast difference from enrolling on a course to further one’s knowledge for personal use and finding a course that equips the student to be able to offer care and treatment in exchange for a fee and build a business to support oneself. In researching this subject it’s become apparent that there are several really good courses out there to equip a person to become a professional canine massage therapist, and there are also some that blur the lines between owner massage information courses/tutorials, and professional qualification-based courses. I don’t want to name and shame here, but I think it sometimes needs to be better explained what some of these courses offer, and the misleading way they advertise them. If you type in “online canine massage courses,” several suggestions will appear. Many make it very clear that they offer very short (2 hours or so) online tutorial type courses in canine massage to give introductory knowledge to an individual dog owner or handler. They make it clear that there is no practical element to what they are offering. This is great and is often a useful way that someone can have a look at what canine massage is all about and gain a better understanding of their own dog’s personal health and wellbeing needs. These clearly state that they are purely knowledge-based courses. However, on the same search it is just as easy to find courses offering a Level 3 Diploma qualification in Canine massage with no hands-on practical teaching. The practical part is covered by the student watching some short videos. Therefore, there is no assessing their abilities to take what they are shown and putting it into a practical application. These courses scare me. I would not let someone loose on my own dog if I knew they’d never been properly trained. But how would I know unless this was all explained to me? They do cover the following though: Canine anatomy and physiology Massage techniques (but don’t state which ones) Benefits of canine massage Indications and contraindications Canine behaviour and communication Practical application (but no practical training - author added) Business and professional ethics! Professional canine massage courses last for several months to two years. They lead to a student having to pass written and practical examinations before they can become a certified canine massage therapist. These courses cover – Anatomy Physiology Massage techniques such as Swedish, Deep Tissue, Sports, and Myofascial release Gait analysis Common Musculoskeletal conditions Business practices and Ethics. These courses include SIGNIFICANT hands-on training as well as case studies. I

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ElephantOsteopathyNORTHERN THAILAND30 hours CPDOpen to osteopaths, vets,chiropractors, physiosand animal practitionersUnique elephant experienceFor more details emailinfo@zooost.co.ukOSTEOPATHYEvery March & OctoberANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 35For professional courses one should look for Level 4 and 5, or equivalent certification, as well as the subject matter listed above. As I have pointed out already, if you are wondering what canine massage is, or whether you might like to pursue it as a career, then a cheap £25.00 online course lasting a couple of hours is as good a way to find out more than reading a book on the subject. Optimus Lumina - the professional’s choice for red, infrared and blue light phototherapy • Featuring 48 red, 48 blue and 5 infrared LEDs for effective treatment of chronic conditions including arthritis, muscle injury and wound healing • Suitable for equines, canines and all small animals • Use in clinic, on-site with clients and rent or loan to pet owners in between treatments •Recommended and used by The College of Animal PhysiotherapyOverall, the complete package. I absolutely love it.CATRIONA GOULDING Equine Massage and PhysiotherapistRAMP, IAAT & ESMA MEMBER “optimustherapytech.comUSE CODE THERAPY20 AT CHECKOUT AND GET £20 OFF WHEN YOU BUY ONLINE! If, however, you are looking at canine massage as a career, or a change of career, then you cannot, in all honesty consider an online only way of learning. The professional courses will cover most theory online and allow students to submit essays and case studies etc…. but they will also insist that students complete a set number of hours undergoing practical hands-on training, and afterwards hands-on practical examinations before they can complete the course and receive either a Level 4 or 5 equivalent certificate accredited by either an organisation like Lantra or the Animal Health Professions’ Register (AHPR). So, if you are looking for a career in animal care and fancy the idea of canine massage and want to know more, try an online “course” to get a better understanding. If you are then serious, or already know you want to do canine massage, then enrol on a properly accredited course at Level 4 or 5, or equivalent that has a significant practical, hands-on element and takes months or a couple of years to complete and costs considerably more than £15.00 - £25.00. If you want to take your own dog for a massage, then make sure when enquiring that you ask the relevant questions as to the practitioner’s experience and training. We cannot stop these misleading courses, but we can avoid them and therefore help to improve the quality of training and calibre of people out there offering massage on dogs. We owe that to the professional therapists who have taken the time, effort, and money to invest in becoming professional practitioners. As ever, if you have different views on this, please contact me via the magazine. “

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Earn 12.5% back on client purchases!Earn points when your clientpurchases through your partner link,when you shop, or when yousuccessfully refer another clinic orprofessionalNo need to purchase inventory;your clients shop directly throughyour link on Paw Prosper ShopEasy and convenient access tothe best wellness andrehabilitation productsRedeem points for rewardssuch as store credit, cashback,or retail gift cardsHow It Works—For Pet Pros Like YouStart earning today! FAQsHow do I earn rewards?You earn points every time a clientshops through your unique referrallink/QR code, when you shop onPawProsper.com, or when yousuccessfully refer another clinic orprofessional to the platform.What can I redeem my points for?Your Paw Points can be redeem forstore credit on Paw Prosper,cashback via Visa gift cards, or forgift cards of your favourite retailersTIP: Use your rewards for staff incentives to give back to your team! What products qualify?Most products available throughPaw Prosper are eligible forrewards. Please note that RespondAnimal Therapeutics lasers arecurrently excluded from theprogram.Can I earn rewards by referringother professionals or clinics?Yes! You’ll receive a bonus whenanother professional or clinic signsup through your referral. Details inyour portal.

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 38THERAPY AND TRAVELAfrican Dream Gilliyan Carter-Morgan of Equi-Therapy UK first qualified as an Equine Sports Massage Therapist in the year 2000. Since then, she has gained a wealth of experience and is highly recognised, not only as a therapist, but for her training school which was established in 2004. Over the years she has been lucky enough to work with some incredible people and horses alike, honing her skills and sharing that through her training to post graduates via Equi-Therapy UK. Due to a family illness nearly 10 years ago, Gilly embarked on a holiday of her dreams in South Africa. She’s always wanted to visit Africa and take part in a riding safari. After some careful research she chose Ant Africa Safaris and visited in 2017 for the most amazing holiday which fulfilled all her aspirations. The outcome of this visit started an 8 year working relationship whereby Gilly travels to Ants Safaris once or twice a year to work on their team of 100 horses across 3 beautiful lodges. Two years ago, she took extra time to train their Stable Manager, Amanda Mossop, with the ETUK’s Equine Sports Massage Diploma. That in itself was quite a challenge, not having the usual teaching aids to hand, but Gilly being the ‘out of the box thinker’ that she is, delivered the course perfectly. Amanda has now been qualified for nearly 2 years and helps to maintain the horses between Gilly’s visits as and where she can. What ailments do the horses at Ant Africa Safaris have I hear you say….. Interestingly, the issues seen here are usually due to the strong herd environment they live in and not rider or tack problems; which Gilly found outstanding during her first visit. These horses live in the bush alongside the wild animals that includes rhino, giraffe and zebra to name but a few, so this can sometimes cause discrepancies that result in serious injury or lameness issues.

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 39THERAPY AND TRAVELThe saddles ey use at Ants Safaris are usually trail  endurance saddles. They are extremely comftable f bo e hse and rider and erefe cause very little problem on a day to day basis. Some of the horses treated during Gilly’s most recent visit (March 2025) were recovering from lameness brought on by misalignment of carpal and shoulder joints and other injuries such as rhino horning or snakebite.Gilly says ‘What is nice is the feedback received from guests and staff members who feel the differences in the horses that I’ve treated during their stay. It is such a rewarding role & I love the fact that I am contributing in a small way to help the plight of our precious rhino; who without the returning guests and holiday makers, would suffer more greatly from the dreadful poaching that’s still going on the in the world today’. You’ve gotta love a chubby unicorn and Gilly’s doing her bit to help in the only way she can. She’s already looking forward to her next visit.

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 40DEEP OSCILLATIONUnleashingeep Oscillation Therapy (DOT) was introduced into equine practice in the UK and Ireland around 2006, shortly after PhysioPod® UK Ltd became the exclusive distributor. Bodo Wisst, a German physiotherapist who had success using DOT with human athletes, was instrumental in demonstrating its potential for horses. Based in Peru, Wisst found that DOT became a significant part of his equine treatment protocol. The field of animal physiotherapy is constantly seeking new ways to improve patient outcomes. One technique gaining significant recognition is DEEP OSCILLATION® therapy, a non-invasive method originating from Physiomed Elektromedicine AG in Germany. The DEEP OSCILLATION® Revolution for Horses & HoundsHEALINGPOWER: Wisst's method involved connecting himself to a DOT unit via an electrode and using special gloved hands and a special applicator to transmit the therapy to the horse through gentle massage. This therapy is notably non-thermal and does not electrically stimulate the animal or therapist, ensuring comfort and safety. Common equine issues he treated included traumatic injuries, hip issues, arthritis, muscle spasms and injuries, tendonitis, and knee problems. He often saw results within 3 to 5 treatments for many conditions, with more complex cases potentially needing up to 10 sessions. Wisst found specific programs for "swelling," "traumatic pain," and "muscle ache" particularly useful. Inspired by Wisst's success, PhysioPod facilitated the first UK trial on a 26-year-old Palomino mare named Buggy, who had chronic hind leg issues making shoeing difficult. Administered by Julie Soroczyn of PhysioPod, with Buggy’s owner's consent and Gilliyan Carter of Equi-Therapy UK present, the results were remarkable. Buggy’s owners reported improvements after just the first treatment, and visitors noted her increased comfort. Even the farrier observed that Buggy could lift her hind feet significantly better after only a few sessions. The owners particularly appreciated the "hands-on" feel and the silent nature of the technique, making it ideal for nervous animals. D

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 41DEEP OSCILLATIONGilliyan Carter-Morgan of Equi-Therapy UK becomes the first equine therapist to adopt Deep OscillationGilliyan Carter-Morgan of Equi-Therapy UK, is a specialist equine and human massage therapist recognised as one of, if not the foremost, equine massage training schools in the UK. Gilliyan also felt a difference in Buggy’s tissue within minutes of DOT use. She noted the ability to achieve positive changes without the need for strenuous manual techniques. Consequently, she acquired her DOT Personal unit the following week and reported surprising results, observing significant improvements in horses with various issues, including one who could bend to touch his quarters equally on both sides after being unable to even move his head. Carter-Morgan quickly recognised its potential and extended the therapy to canine patients. In 2009, she began treating a dog with spine scoliosis at the request of the owner and the veterinary surgeon, with “truly amazing” results. Under the supervision of veterinary surgeons Matthew Barlow of Home Farm Equine and Emma Hawthorne of Flawborough Equine & Hydrotherapy Centre, DOT was used on a diverse range of equine conditions, including tendon strains, haematomas, post-operative surgeries, and scar tissue, yielding “outstanding” results. Notably, horses that were typically fearful of clippers showed no adverse reaction to DOT therapy. Owners noticed a reduction in swellings after just one application, and even the dispersal of splints was successful. The therapy proved highly beneficial in rehrehabilitating injuries, demonstrating impressive results within weeks. SPECIALIST EQUINE AND HUMAN MASSAGE THERAPIST

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CASE STUDY ONE: Chronic Limb Swelling Elaine Mariani, Equine Sports Massage TherapistA 14-year-old thoroughbred had persistent, severe lower hind limb swelling post-cellulitis that hadn't resolved with standard care and threatened the horse's life. Weekly DOT sessions over four weeks led to a 50% reduction after the first treatment, with the leg returning to normal size by the end of the period. The therapist, Elaine Mariani, called the results "fantastic" and deemed the PhysioPod an "indispensable" tool, even a "lifesaver," for resolving chronic swelling when other options are limited.Before and after (once a week) Deep Oscillation Treatments - reducing residual swelling following cellulitis attack in Nov 2018, horse avoided decision of humane euthanasiaANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 42DEEP OSCILLATIONNumerous UK equine and canine therapists have since integrated DOT into their practices. Case studies highlight its impact:An 11-year-old event horse with a history of possible ilium fracture and compensatory issues showed significant improvement with targeted DOT .... After treatment focused on areas like the lumbar region, gluteals, and hocks, the horse demonstrated an improved ability to push from behind, lift its thorax, and maintain stability, leading to increased power and lift. A Sprocker Spaniel named Chips suffered a dislocated hip requiring surgery and resulting in significant inflammation. Daily 30-minute DOT sessions for seven days resulted in rapid healing, reduced pain and inflammation, and increased weight-bearing and movement, surprising the vet .... The therapy is credited with accelerating his healing process. The therapy is also noted for being relaxing, with Chips often falling asleep during treatment. CASE STUDY TWO: Thoroughbred Gelding Sue Wright, Equine MFR Practitioner CASE STUDY THREE: Sprocker Spaniel Sharon Reed, Sports Massage Therapist

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 43DEEP OSCILLATIONActive Healing for Fast RegenerationBeyond specific conditions, DOT offers general benefits such as faster regeneration after injuries, operations, and overstraining, reducing muscle aches, strains, inflammation, swelling, and oedema, and aiding wound healing. Deep Oscillation Therapy represents a significant advancement in animal physiotherapy, offering a gentle, effective, and versatile approach to treating a wide range of conditions in both horses and dogs, with benefits reported by owners, veterinarians, and therapists alike. DEEP OSCILLATION Active treatment for pain, oedema, inflammation, firrosis and scar tissue in human/equine/canineSupply and Training PhysioPod® UK Limited provides the DEEP OSCILLATION® Personal units and offers training to therapists via Zoom to ensure safe and effective use. For further information, please contact: PhysioPod® UK Limited, Daybrook, Nottingham. Website: www.physiopod.co.uk Email: info@physiopod.co.uk. Clinical Publications Office 0115 9167 685 Mobile 0788 692 5715 Gemma Wilson, Dip. Equine Manual Therapy (European School of Animal Osteopathy) Dip. Equine Sports Massage Therapy (Equi-Therapy UK) wrote: "I have had my Deep Oscillation Personal for six years, and I have to say, I absolutely love it!" Deep oscillation has consistently provided effective results in equine and canine treatment. It is particularly useful for equine tendon injuries, lymphatic problems, and sacroiliac pain—an area that is so deep on a horse that it is great to have a tool that works non-invasively at a deeper level. Cruciate ligament damage in canines is also treated effectively with deep oscillation. Therapist TestimonialI have issues with my hands, and deep oscillation has really helped reduce the strain placed upon them, as the therapy really does the deep tissue work for you. I still love to see the shock on clients' faces when swelling disappears from damaged tendons and joints!

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 44EQUICANTIS CPD EVENTEquicantis Business Live: A Day to Think Bigger, Bolder, and Braver in Your Therapy BusinessBy Laura Clinton Equine Musculoskeletal Therapist and Founder of Equicantis You’re Not Alone Let me guess - you’re brilliant at what you do. You’ve trained hard, you know your anatomy, you get results, and you care deeply about the animals you work with. But when it comes to the business side of things? Maybe that’s where the confidence wobbles a bit. I’ve been there. And I know I’m not the only one. That’s exactly why I created Equicantis Business Live. Because the truth is, being qualified is only part of the story now. With more accredited therapy courses than ever before, we’re seeing more therapists enter the industry, and that’s a great thing. It shows just how far we’ve come. But it also means we need to think differently if we want to stand out, stay booked, and build businesses we love. Maybe you’re feeling stuck. You’re doing all the right things, but the client flow isn’t consistent. Or you’re overwhelmed by all the advice online and not sure which direction to go in. Or maybe your diary’s full but your income isn’t where you want it to be. Whether you’re just starting out, growing a practice, or considering adding new income streams, this event is for you. Equicantis Business Live is a one-day event designed specifically for animal physical therapists who want to build confidence, think creatively, and grow their business in a way that feels authentic. This event is inclusive to all therapists whether you’re a massage therapist, physiotherapist, rehab specialist, osteopath, chiropractor or practice alternative therapies, everyone is welcome. And it’s not just about listening to a lineup of speakers (although they will be incredible!), it’s about being in a room full of people who get it. The challenges, the mental load, the magic of those light bulb moments. This is a day to pause, reflect, and refocus on the future you want to build.For the Therapists Who Want More

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 45EQUICANTIS CPD EVENTWhat’s Happening at the Event When & Where: Thursday 19th September at the stunning Kelsall Hill Equestrian in Cheshire - complete with competition arenas, gorgeous views, great conference facilities, and lots of parking. Speakers You’ll Actually Want to Listen To: A powerful lineup of experts (confirmed and in the pipeline…) • Nicola Kinnard-Comedie – Business & Mindset Coach (NKC Equestrian): Delivering two talks to get your mindset in the right place and sharing what it really takes to grow a successful therapy business. • Rachel Spencer – Pet Business Coach & Copywriter: Helping you unlock the power of words to tell your story and share your knowledge with confidence. • Nicola Peake – Community & Event Strategist: Teaching how to diversify and create your own income through memberships. And there’s more to come. Plus, “Inspiring Therapist” slots, where we’ll hear directly from fellow therapists about how they’ve grown, pivoted, or overcome challenges. These are the kinds of stories that light a fire in your belly. The Business Expo Area: Discover practical tools, products, and services tailored to therapy businesses - because running a practice takes more than hands-on skills. Whether you’re looking for software, new products, branding, training or business services, you’ll find it here. CPD Certiﬁcate Included: You’ll leave with a full-day CPD certificate to add to your records, so yes, it’s a legitimate investment in your professional development, too. Why I Built This Event As an Equine Musculoskeletal Therapist myself, I know the struggles we all face - the comparisonitis, the loneliness, the pressure to "just be better" at business when you’ve never actually been taught that part. I created Equicantis: The Business & Rehab System because I wanted to help with taking the stress and time out of admin, reporting and creating exercise and rehab plans. Our platform helps you manage your admin, save time, and take your professionalism to the next level, so you can focus on what you’re great at. Or just enjoy some more free time! And while you absolutely don’t have to be an Equicantis user to attend, this event is an extension of the same mission: to support therapists in building successful, sustainable businesses they’re proud of. Let This Be the Day You Shift Gears You don’t need another qualification. You need more belief in yourself, the right strategies, and the inspiration to try something new. That’s what Equicantis Business Live is here for. Whether you’re hoping to: • Grow your client base • Diversify your services • Add new income streams • Grow your clinic and take on more therapists • Get inspired by other therapists who’ve walked the walk • Or finally start seeing your therapy business as a business... This day is for you. Tickets Are Limited - Don’t Miss It Tickets are £75 (+ VAT), including lunch, refreshments, and a CPD certificate. Special offer for Animal Therapy Magazine readers: Use code ATM5 at checkout to get £5 off - making your ticket just £70. Spaces are limited. Come join us, connect with like-minded therapists, and start powering your business in a new direction. Book your ticket now at www.equicantis.com/businesslive Let’s make this the year you stop playing small. See you at Kelsall Hill Equestrian!

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 47EQUINE EUTHANASIATackling the toughest decision IN EQUINE CARE Sadly, we’ve seen first-hand how this can stop some owners from making difficult decisions. Unfortunately, it often leads to a delay in euthanasia. We know that delayed euthanasia has been identified as one of the top four negative impacts to UK equine welfare (Horses in Our Hands, WHW 2016). Secondly, we also know that 7/8 horses across the UK are euthanised electively or due to an emergency, as opposed to being found deceased (AESE, 2017). Taking all this into consideration, it is imperative that together we play a role in supporting horse owners during these challenging times. Whether you’re a vet, or an allied professional, you’ll often be in regular contact with horse owners. If you’re visiting the yard frequently, you may notice the early signs of a horse struggling or can judge if the owner needs support. At the British Horse Society, we’ve been running the Friends at the End Scheme since 2013 to be there for owners before, during and after the death or loss of a horse. It also acts as a key referral service for those professionals who are in regular contact with an owner. By Gemma Stanford Director of Horse Care and Welfare at The British Horse Society HHorses play an incomparable role in our lives; they fall somewhere between a best friend and a family member. As horse owners, we’re emotionally involved. We invest so much of our time in the health and welfare of our horses that assessing their quality of life or making an end-of-life decision can often be the hardest thing we do. It’s an enormous and sometimes isolating burden. HAVING A FRIEND AT THE ENDYou may feel that one of your clients is grappling with this painful decision and are unsure it it’s the right thing for them to do. Our BHS Friends at the End volunteers have received specialist training from bereavement councillors to talk through what options are available and to offer a guiding hand. They’re not there to take the place of a counsellor or a vet, but they all fully understand how to support the grief that comes when a horse passes. We’ve found that sometimes all an owner needs is someone to be with them on the day. Not everyone may want to talk, while others find comfort in a cup of tea and a chat. We want to make sure that, no matter what, every owner feels as safe as they can during this time.

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 48EQUINE EUTHANASIAWe do get asked whether euthanasia should be seen as the last resort. Our answer is no – euthanasia is not a welfare issue as long as the horse is humanely euthanised. We strongly advocate Unfortunately, at times owner’s may not see that their horse has reached the point of needing euthanasia. We know that horses are now living longer than ever but with that comes the increasing likelihood that they may also have health issues that can be difficult to spot. When we see our horses daily, it is incredibly difficult to see the small, subtle differences which may indicate a change in their quality of life. Often, as professionals, you have a hard role to play in the end-of-life decisions for horse owners. While the owners may not see it, if you know the horse well, you’ll be able to grasp the quality of life the horse is having and understand if their condition is likely to improve. It’s important not to shy away from having difficult conversations about this. Being clear about the horse’s quality of life could go a long way in preventing delayed euthanasia. Take the time to ask the owners questions that’ll help them to assess their own horse’s physical and mental wellbeing. Encourage them to reflect on this and whether they are deteriorating. Dealing with an emergency is difficult enough, without having to make decisions quickly and under pressure. As horse owners, can we confidently say that someone else is aware of our wishes, if we’re unavailable? Not having a shareable plan in place could be detrimental, leading to delays in care and decision making. Not only that, but prior thought can ease the process should the only option be euthanasia. Collectively, we want to encourage owners to identify and record their preferred method of euthanasia, as well as what they’d like to happen to their horse afterwards. Other recommendations include, reviewing and updating the emergency plan annually, reviewing the plan if there is a change in the horse’s health, nominating an authorised representative to act on an owner’s behalf, and notifying a vet or yard manager of the emergency plan in place. We all hope that we’ll know when the time is right, but there is no denying that making end-of-life decisions can be one of the hardest part of horse ownership. By working together, we want to make this time as smooth and straightforward as it possibly can be. Critically, we want to do all we can to stop cases of delayed euthanasia. To learn more about the BHS Friends at the End scheme, visit: www.bhs.org.uk/fate In partnership with the University of Nottingham, the British Horse Society has an emergency care plan available to download. This can be found on the BHS website: www.bhs.org.uk/emergencydecisionmaking Quality of lifeKnowing when the time is right““better a week too soon than a day too lateBeing prepared

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 49REPRODUCTION & PERFORMANCE Mares: WHAT IS THE LINK BETWEEN THEIR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND SPORTS PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS?By Marc Beaussart (RAMP, VP MIRVAP, FEI PET, CERP, PG Dip EO, CEC) In equestrian environments, it is increasingly common to hear “my mare is very marish”, or “my mare is very precious or ovary sensitive”. Surprisingly, it has become a common attitude that if a mare is not performing it is because of her ovaries! As a result, more and more mares in Europe are undergoing hormonal treatment, in a lot of cases without understanding the cause of the problem, but for convenience, for the desire for a quick fix to ensure that the mare’s reproductive system does not disrupt exercise and sporting performance. With very little scientific literature on the subject the question arises, have mares evolved anatomically over time or has our vision and approach to mares changed? Specialists, researchers and veterinarians tend to consider that problems affecting the reproductive system and causing poor sporting performance are too often misdiagnosed! Historically, the mare’s main purpose was focused on breeding. The mare was perceived as an incubator rather than a sport horse and the stallion was a priority genetic supplier. However, the abilities of mares are now recognised beyond breeding. This is perhaps linked to the evolution of our society and more sensitivity towards the principles of well-being. Perhaps, the financial aspect has also had an impact with the increase in the costs of purchasing horses and costs associated with breeding. Other frequent questions revolve around the contribution of the mare to the foal with regard to intra-uterine exchanges and what is the contribution and impact of the education transmitted from the mare to the foal during the first months before weaning? Is there a desire to choose a mare rather than a gelding or a stallion linked to the idea of breeding once their competitive career comes to an end? There is no guarantee as the good health of the reproductive system is rarely taken into consideration and monitoring is of little importance. The reproductive system is not on the list of examinations prior to the purchase of the horse, unless specifically requested. Regular cycles of activity of the reproductive system are a sign of good functioning ovaries and healthy anatomical structures related to reproduction, even if these cycles vary from one mare to another (the oestrus phase can vary from two days to more than a week). In some mares it can be clearly visible with many behavioural signs that breeders know well (tail raised, urine jets, vulvar flashes, squeals, etc.), while in other mares it can be totally invisible, no classic behaviours, making it harder to calculate and manage cycles. PHOTOGRAPHY BY: Bérénice Coulier Beaussart

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 50REPRODUCTION & PERFORMANCE In theory, there is a long period of anoestrus. In Europe this begins around October and ends around March. This period without activity of the reproductive system is linked to the shortening of daylight hours and low outside temperatures. I say "In theory" because many mares do not experience a phase of anoestrus. The absence of scientific literature does not allow us to understand the exact causes, however it may be assumed that global warming, the increase in artificial light in stables, horses clipped with many blankets (often by anthropomorphism) or genetic modifications (linked to the list cited above linked to the well-known principle of evolution by adaptation of the species) may be contributing factors. Regarding the condition of the mare's reproductive system, it is important to understand and monitor the cycle phases. Before implementing prevention, it is necessary to check for the absence of pathologies. An investigation by transrectal ultrasound and palpation carried out by the veterinarian is essential. Transrectal ultrasound allows the integrity of the reproductive system to be observed, particularly the ovaries. Transrectal palpation allows the pain of the ovary to be quantified by pressure, this can be linked to the ovarian cycle. Palpation also allows the pain to be quantified, which can be described as mechanical in relation to the suspensory ligament of the ovaries. The pathologies found in relation to the reproductive system can include; cysts, hematomas and ovarian tumours (these cause a fairly significant change in the mare's behaviour and lead to sterility but they are rare). There are also pathologies of infectious origin such as metritis and different types of STDs, as well as issues linked to cycles and possible disorders related to the phases, such as how the corpus luteum (gland that helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy) is functioning. Further studies may suggest a form of equine endometriosis is possible and this may shed light on reproductive problems summarized under the term "cervical hostility". Once any pathology has been ruled out, it is important to continue to observe all signs of discomfort. Like any species, it is necessary to take into consideration a possible hormonal upheaval that may or may not be significant, depending on the individual and the different periods of activity of the reproductive system. There may also be problems related to anatomical structures such as a pronounced asymmetry of the ovaries. There are minimal studies on this, but it is beginning to be thought of as significant when it comes to loss of performance in mares. It is believed that the suspensory ligament of the ovary is responsible for pain which can affect movement. This ligament is inserted between the 2nd and 4th lumbar vertebrae and can be subjected to different pressures. It can also, like any ligament, develop adhesions, mainly in relation to the small colon. Surgery can resolve locomotor problems and certain behavioural aspects. The treatment often proposed is progesterone which stops oestrus; therefore it only acts on ovulation. If the cause of the problem is not ovulation, the problems will persist, in particular the behavioural signs and discomfort. It should be noted that hormonal disorders and imbalances remain rare. Dwelling too much on it would therefore not be the most effective way to help the mare, especially when it leads to an ovariectomy, yet the behavioural signs of discomfort remain! Also, beware of the "tunnel effect" where external elements and common sense are sometimes forgotten. For example, the presence of a stallion in the stable in the neighbouring box! Surprisingly, by moving the stallion, the Have mares evolved anatomically over time or has our vision and approach to mares changed?“”

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 51REPRODUCTION & PERFORMANCE mare returns to completely normal behaviour. Talking with many specialists, the problems of so-called ‘ovarian mares’ or those with poor sports performance because of their reproductive system are too often misdiagnosed. It is important to differentiate between real problems that can harm the mare and excuses for lack of performance based on the mare having a "sensitive" reproductive organ due to the stage of the cycle. CAN PHYSIOTHERAPY HELP? From a physiotherapeutic point of view, the practitioner has an important role to play in improving the locomotor comfort of the mare who encounters sporting difficulties related to her reproductive system. Different tools exist to relieve discomfort and pain. Massage of the lumbar region is effective as is massage of the abdominal regions and the hindquarters. Stretching of the hind limbs, sternal elevation (belly lift), flexion of the pelvis, axial action of the tail and lateral flexion can greatly relieve the mare by increasing the range of motion but also by working on the muscles of the deep layers such as the psoas. Electrotherapies using diathermy (heat) gives good results. This mainly involves radio frequency/TECAR therapy. Despite there being limited studies on the effects of radiofrequency in horses, it is believed that the biological effects include an anti-oedematous, anti-inflammatory, myorelaxant effect, secretion of endorphins and increase in cellular metabolism. Radiofrequency also increases vasodilation, oxygenation and microcirculation which essentially increases blood circulation, supplying nutrients and oxygen to certain painful tissue areas. Radiofrequency is also believed to have an analgesic effect allowing muscles to relax and stretch and the thermal effect on nerves reduces the transmission of pain. With the increase in temperature corresponding to the decrease in local pain, this allows an increase in the range of motion which aids muscle recovery. In the case of the mare's reproductive system, radiofrequency could act on muscle tension in the lumbar region, an area that is often extremely contracted and which could in some cases be a source of lameness. In addition, radiofrequency could be used to relieve pain at the insertion point of the suspensory ligament of the ovary in the lumbar region. In humans, radiofrequency is increasingly used in the gynaecological field, and there may soon be applications in equines. Therapeutic ultrasound is less used nowadays; however, it has notable beneficial effects as a muscle relaxant, improves tissues elasticity, tissues metabolism and reduces pain. Finally, appropriate exercise prescription can increase range of movement and flexibility of the hindquarters which is very useful. The exercises can vary according to the different phases of activity of the reproductive system. It should be noted that often the source of the mare's long-term discomfort is due to inadequate training and work at a young age yet it is still important to respect the phases and cycles of the reproductive system and its evolution in parallel with the growth of the young mare.

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 52REPRODUCTION & PERFORMANCE Marc Beaussart IG @equusphysiocareThis will be particularly useful with mares showing few signs concerning the phases of the reproductive system cycle. At the same time, in the event of an anomaly in the phases, this could alert and therefore allow the veterinarian to be called at the right time for a check-up. Finally, it would be possible to couple such applications with other applications already existing, verifying the vital parameters and the symmetry of the horse's biomechanics. There is a constant evolution of technologies in the equine sector. veterinary radiofrequency from only £2,150 www.therapevo.co.uk To summarize, it is essential to respect natural development, from birth and as they develop. Pushing a mare to perform beyond their ability or too much too soon, may reduce their pregnancy prognosis. It must be respected that each mare is different and that apart from functional disorders such as pathologies of the reproductive system, it is important to provide optimum opportunity for performance without engaging in invasive and harmful practices. Perhaps in the near future, and thanks to advances in artificial intelligence, it would be possible to imagine applications that could help riders and owners manage their mares’ cycles. There are already human applications that allow women to know their cycles precisely. This provides both a means of contraception and promotes fertility. A similar application for mares would allow owners and riders not to engage in competitions or work too hard at delicate times of the mare's reproductive cycle. In addition, with greater precision, it would allow breeders to know the mare's cycles precisely, helping them prepare for the breeding season. CONCLUSIONTechnologies using artificial intelligence could in the near future allow us to better understand the natural functioning of our horses and enable us to adapt our sporting practice. This with the aim of an ultimate goal of well-being and performance…

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What is Smart TECAR (Radiofrequency) Therapy? TECAR stands for “Transfer of Energy Capacitive and Resistive.” It is a form of radiofrequency therapy that uses high-frequency electromagnetic energy to stimulate tissue repair, reduce pain, and promote circulation. The “Smart” component refers to enhanced features like real-time monitoring, adjustable power output, and feedback-driven treatment, tools that allow practitioners to tailor therapy to each patient with remarkable accuracy. Smart TECAR therapy doesn’t just warm the surface; it penetrates deep into tissues depending on the chosen mode (capacitive for superficial structures and resistive for deeper ones like joints and tendons). The result is accelerated metabolism, reduced inflammation, and faster healing, supported by solid physiological principles, not fantasy or placebo. It’s a seamless blend of physics, bioelectricity, and biology working in sync. Power in Watts: The Unsung Hero of Treatment Feedback A key factor that separates Smart TECAR (radiofrequency) therapy from other tools is the ability to monitor power output in real time, measured in watts. This might seem like a technical detail, but it’s a game changer in clinical practice. Each animal, whether it’s a racehorse, a German Shepherd, or a guinea pig, has different tissue composition, hydration levels, and therapeutic needs. Applying a generic setting ignores these variables and risks inefficiency or discomfort. But by observing wattage during treatment, clinicians can fine-tune energy delivery on the spot, ensuring the optimal therapeutic dose is being delivered. This is not guesswork. This is data-driven treatment in action. Rather than simply relying on time or subjective feedback, practitioners now have a quantifiable metric to guide energy application, making every session more targeted and effective. Versatility from Stable to Surgery Table One of the most impressive aspects of Smart TECAR radiofrequency therapy is its adaptability across species. In equine therapy, it supports muscle recovery, joint healing, and even injury prevention. For dogs and cats, it’s a valuable tool for managing osteoarthritis, post-surgical rehab, disc disease, and more. Even small animals and exotics, often overlooked in rehab modalities, can benefit, as long as the clinician carefully adjusts parameters. That’s where wattage feedback becomes crucial. It enables safe, species-specific therapy from the smallest pets to the largest livestock. This universality means one device can support a wide range of clinical scenarios, a smart investment for any veterinary physiotherapy practice. ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 53THERAPÉVOIn the world of veterinary rehabilitation and physiotherapy, technology is evolving rapidly. Among the innovative tools now enhancing treatment outcomes is Smart TECAR therapy, also known as radiofrequency therapy, a modality that’s revolutionising how we approach healing in animals. While some may mistakenly view this technology as “miraculous,” the truth is far more grounded: Smart TECAR is not magic. It’s science, and when used with knowledge and precision, it can dramatically optimise healing across a wide range of animal patients. Smart TECAR in Veterinary Medicine: Science, Not Magic

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ANIMAL THERAPY MAGAZINE ISSUE 35 54THERAPÉVOAbout That Gel — No Magic Formula Required One persistent myth in TECAR therapy is the supposed need for specialised or proprietary gels. The truth? Any standard water-based gel works just fine. The purpose of the gel is to facilitate effective contact and conductivity between the applicator and the patient’s skin, not to add any pharmacological effect. Smart TECAR therapy relies on the conductivity of water molecules to transmit radiofrequency energy into the body. If a gel is water-based and maintains smooth contact, it does its job. There is no “secret sauce” here, and no need for expensive branded gels. Focus your investment where it counts, on technique, equipment, and training. A Fusion of Clinical Insight and Scientific Precision Smart TECAR, or radiofrequency therapy, represents the next evolution of evidence-based, non-invasive treatment in veterinary medicine. But it is not a “magic wand.” Its effectiveness lies in the science of controlled energy transfer, precise parameter management, and biological response, guided by the clinician’s knowledge of anatomy and pathology. Monitoring wattage in real time gives a window into how the tissue is responding, letting the clinician adjust the energy output to suit each patient’s size, species, and condition. That kind of feedback isn’t just useful, it’s essential for optimising outcomes and ensuring safety. And when it comes to treatment gel? Keep it simple. Choose a basic water-based gel, ensure smooth application, and let the technology, not marketing, do the work. Conclusion: Real Science, Real Results Smart TECAR radiofrequency therapy is a powerful tool in the hands of skilled and knowledgeable veterinary professionals. Its impact is measurable, its mechanisms are rooted in science, and its results are increasingly undeniable. But success doesn’t come from mystery or magic formulas. It comes from understanding, adjusting, and applying — using evidence-based protocols, careful monitoring, and species-specific expertise. When used correctly, Smart TECAR becomes more than a machine, it becomes an extension of clinical insight, empowering better care for animals of all shapes and sizes.

Issue 35

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