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!Michael StrachanAn Islington Walk

Copyright © heritagewalks.london 2019 75 West Street, Harrow on the Hill, London HA1 3EL info@walkingthepast.co.uk First published in the UK in 2012 Text and images copyright © Michael Strachan Michael Strachan has asserted his rights to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. (The cover illustration shows Islington’s Chapel Market).

Michael StrachanAn Islington Walk

INTRODUCTION The London Borough of Islington was formed in 1965, when the Boroughs of Islington and Finsbury were united, but Islington's history is one of the oldest in London be-ing mentioned in Domesday Book in the 11th century, and in an earlier Anglo-Saxon charter. By the early Middle Ages substantial medieval houses had been built including Barnsbury manor house. After the dissolu-tion of the monasteries, the surrounding lands were given to aristocratic families. By the sixteenth century it was a small vil-lage, known for harbouring recusants and fugitives. The local fields were used for illicit prayer meetings, training militia, fight-ing duels, archery and other sports . Its proximity to London and Westminster, gradually attracted rich and eminent residents. Thomas Cromwell lived at Canon-bury in the 1530s and Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland lived at Newington Green 1536-7. In the later 17th century Is-lington Spa (Clerkenwell), opposite Sadler's Wells, was de-veloped as a resort. In the eighteenth century it supplied London with butter, cream and milk. Brick terraces replaced the agricultural land and local farmers turned to manufacturing bricks and developing prop-erty. From the 1830s omnibuses were used by clerks and artis-ans to join merchants and professional men in living farther from their work places. All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 20151Collins Music HallMarket - early 1900sSt Mary’s Islington

The poor were also moving in, displaced by huge land clear-ances which established the great London railway stations. In the 1890s the northern part of the parish began to lose its middle-class residents to outer Middlesex, and large houses fell into multi-occupation. By 1903 Islington had the largest popu-lation of all the London boroughs, very little open space, and above average overcrowding. Few well-to-do people re-mained, except in Highbury and Canonbury, After the Second World War, bombed sites could be used for new municipal housing. From the 1960s the southern part of Islington became popular with middle-class families. This ‘gentrification ’ was intensified by estate agents and speculat-ors, and in Canonbury and Barnsbury working-class tenants were forced or encouraged to leave desirable terraces. Con-servation areas and traffic schemes put into operation, leading to the cosmopolitan and exciting Islington of today. To hear this Introduction please click this icon To find out more about ‘What3Words’ please click this information icon All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 20152If you would like to donate an amount which will help us cover our costs and continue to work on new publications please scan or tap the QR link below:

Planning Your Walk 1. If possible, walk with a friend. 2. Tel l s omeone wh ere you are go ing . 3. Tak e c are whe n w alk ing at ni ght . 4. Wear sensible clothes and footwear. 5. Always take a bottle of water to avoid de-hydration. 6. Don't try to do too much in one visit. 7. Check the opening times of all Museums and Galleries online. 8. Tak e y our ca mer a o r c amera pho ne with b att eri es fully charged. 9. If you are printing out this do staple these!pages!together!. 10. Don’t forget to download your free Quiz and Plaque scoresheets by using the URL links on the next page… Start and finish this walk at the The Angel tube station (Bank branch of the Northern Line). Use the Transport for London (TFL) planner to plan your journey. All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201537.0 km 4.3 miles 2-3 hrs

To make your walk more interesting… …we have created an on-line, interactive map which you can find by clicking the link below, or by scanning the green QR code opposite. This will only work if you are reading this guide on a smart device like an iPad: Plot-a-Route map We have also added some fun challenges - the first is a picture quiz. So you need to look out for interesting ob-jects such as ‘street furniture’, statues and architectural features shown in the I-Spy Challenge scoresheet. Click the link below, or scan the pink QR code opposite, to access a download for this scoresheet. It can then be printed or saved: I-Spy Challenge The second challenge is to ‘bag’ all the plaques along this walk. These are listed on a ‘Pastwalkers’ scoresheet along with their ‘what3words’ loca-tions. (Click the information icon op-posite for more about how ‘What3Words’ works). The plaque scores are based on age and quality rather than the importance of the person or event commemorated. Download by clicking on the link below, or by scanning the blue QR code opposite: Plaque Challenge All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 20154Tick them off when you find them

An Islington Walk From the Angel station entrance turn left… Cross Upper Street walking up to Pentonville Road, turn right and continue to Penton Street… Cross over Pentonville Road and enter Claremont Square… Edward Irving lived at number 4 where you can see the first plaque on this walk. He was a Scottish pastor and theologian, li-censed to preach by the Church of Scotland in 1815 and worked with the famous Thomas Chambers, but was not well re-ceived. So, in 1822 he accepted the invita-tion to become the minister of the small Caledonian Chapel in Hatton Gardens.! It was a dying church with about 50 members, but Irving’s flamboyant style became hugely popular. He was known for his imposing figure, black eyes, and long, raven hair, preaching fearlessly a stern and demanding religion.! Later in his career he became convinced the second coming of Jesus Christ was im-minent, being heavily influenced by the pre- millenialist movement. He was also formally charged with heresy by the Lon-don Presbytery in 1830 after developing his views on the human nature of Christ as a sinner.! All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 20155Edward Irving in preaching mode

He died in 1834 at the age of 42. The fact that Jesus did not return in 1864, as he had predicted, further tar-nished his reputation. Even today he remains a contro-versial figure. After his death, Irving’s followers founded the Catholic Apostolic Church, choosing to form their own identity apart from his original vision. Continue along Claremont Square before turning right into Cruikshank Street where Bevin Court lies on your right at the end of the road…! ! This interesting block of flats was named after Ernest Bevin, a British statesman, trade union leader, and Labour politician. He co-founded and served as general secretary of the powerful Transport and General Workers' Union in the years 1922–1940, and as Minister of Labour in the war-time coalition government. He suc-ceeded in maximising the British labour supply, for both the armed services and domestic industrial production, with a minimum of strikes and disruption. His most important role came as Foreign Secretary in the post-war Labour government, 1945–1951. He gained desperately-needed American financial support, strongly opposed Communism, and aided in the cre-ation of NATO. Cyril Mann lived here marked with an Islington green plaque. An infant prodigy, he entered the Nottingham School of Art at the age of 12. When he was 16 he moved to Canada to become a missionary. He soon met an influential Canadian art company, the Group of Seven All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 20156Ernest Bevin

and became convinced to take up art. Re-turning to England he entered the Royal Academy in 1935, completing his course, even though he found the atmosphere in-hibiting. After service in the army, Mann found teaching work. Although an excellent edu-cator his relationships with art dealers were difficult possibly leading to his work being exhibited less often. Bevin Court became his home in 1955. The building allowed good natural light which he savoured as his thematic style often incorporated light and shad-ow and many of his paintings showed a preoccupation with the sun. In 1965 he wrote that “few great artists were truly fashionable during their lifetime.” But today All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 20157Cyril Mann

Mann is most remembered for his paintings of bomb-sites and post Blitz scarred London with a growing interest in Mann’s paintings. Many of his works are held in major national institutions including the British Museum and National Portrait Gallery. Do pause to admire Bevin Court as a striking example of modern architecture by Berthold Lubetkin (see portrait right). Built on the site of the bomb-destroyed Holford Square, this architect showed an unusual respect for the pre-existing urban environment, unlike many modernist architects of his generation. The building occupies the site of the 1902–03 home of Lenin, which he occupied while in exile edit-ing the Russian socialist newspaper Iskra (Spark). In hon-our of the Soviet leader, the building was initially planned to be named "Lenin Court" and was to incor-porate Lubetkin's memorial to Lenin, which had been located on the site of Holford Square since 1942. How-ever British fascists repeatedly vandal-ised the memorial, to the extent that it required a 24-hour police guard. All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 20158First edition of Iskra (Spark)By https://www.architecture.-com/Explore/Architects/Ber-tholdLubetkin.aspx, Fair use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=51884960

When it became clear that the Borough were no longer willing to keep the memorial on site Lubetkin buried its remains under the central core of the amazing staircase and the scheme was renamed Bevin Court (honouring Britain's firmly anti-communist Labour foreign secret-ary Ernest Bevin). Walk back to Halford Street and turn right into the gardens following a path to the left that leads you to Percy Cir-cus… Percy Circus was begun in 1841 and completed by 1853. Uniquely complex, it has five unevenly spaced entry points laid out on the side of a steep hill. Chris-topher Hussey, an authority on British domestic architec-ture, called it (in 1939) a 'monumental conception' and 'one of the most delightful bits of town planning in Lon-don’. Very few examples of the circus form have survived in London. Around the railed central garden are fifteen of the original twenty-seven houses. The three northern sections were bombed, and nine of the twelve demol-ished houses have been replaced in ‘pastiche’ form - imitating the original buildings. Look across to the junction of Percy Circus and Vernon Rise to see a plaque on number 16 commemorating the time Lenin spent in London mentioned earlier. Turn down Vernon Rise and, at the bottom, turn right and begin walking up Kings Cross Road… All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 20159Lenin

On your immediate right you’ll see the Kings Cross Baptist Chapel, formerly called Vernon Baptist Chapel, and built between 1843 - 4. By 1871 it could hold more than 1,300 worshippers. A simple brick building with a heavily but-tressed stone-dressed Gothic front, it ori-ginally had three galleries which were re-moved in 1937. The basement hall was first used as a school. The houses that flanked the chapel were replaced on one side in 1933 by Vernon Hall, a low Gothic–fronted block. On the other side the house was bombed in 1941. A little further on from the chapel is the School of Ori-ental and African Studies (SOAS) building that was formerly Vernon Square school. Built by the London County Council in 1913 – 16 it is a large, austere triple-decker, stock-brick building that had the infants classrooms on the ground floor, the boys above. The girls at the top had the use of a roof playground. It became a secondary school in 1949, and was renamed Sir Philip Magnus School in 1952. This closed in 1979 - 80, and the site became part of Kingsway Princeton Col-lege in 1983. In 1999 it was acquired by SOAS to be its second campus. Walk up the rather steep Kings Cross Road (A5010 back to the junction with Pentonville Road… Cross over into Rodney Street and enter the gar-dens on your immediate left… All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201510Vernon Chapel c 1910

In a clear space here you will see the grave of Joey Grimaldi the famous nineteenth clown and entertain-ment entrepreneur. His dazzling costume can be seen to the right. He was an English actor, comedian and dancer, who became the most popular English entertainer of the Regency era. In the early 1800s, he made the role of the Clown in the harlequinade his own in pantomimes, not-ably at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, Sadler's Wells and Covent Garden theatres. He became so dominant that the Harlequinade role of Clown became known as "Joey", and both the nickname and Grimaldi's whiteface make-up design are still used today. The Building behind the gardens is now used as offices but used to be St James Burial Chapel. It now forms part of the memorial Joseph Grim-aldi Park. Return to Rodney Street and turn left… Cross over the road and turn right into Donegal Street… The next plaque is on a wall of the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson School… It commemorates James ‘ Bronterre’ O’Brien, an Irish Chartist leader, reformer and journalist who lived near here before the area was re-developed. He refused to countenance the use of violence in the Chartist campaigns for universal suffrage. All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201511James O’Brien

When you reach the junction with Penton Street cross over and look to your immediate right for the next plaque… The African National Congress (ANC) was based between 1978 and 1994 at 28 Penton Street. It was from here that exiles Oliver Tambo and future President Thabo Mbeki (both shown below) planned the over-throw of the apartheid South African regime. In March 1982 the building survived a terrorist bomb explosion planted by agents of the South African gov-ernment. The ANC moved out of these premises when Nelson Mandela was elected president in South Africa's first democratic elections in 1994.! The anti-apartheid movement was succeeded by Action for Southern Africa (ACTSA) who remained in the build-ing until 2006. Continue up Penton Street to the entrance to Chapel Market… All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201512

Chapel Market is a small daily street market selling fruit, vegetables and fish, as well as bargain household goods and cheap clothes. It is open every day except Monday, operating in the mornings only on Thursday and Sunday. The Islington Farmers' Market is held every Sunday at the Penton Street end. Return to Penton Street and cross the road to view the next plaque in Risinghill Street… The modest stone inscription sited on the end wall of the Penton Estate building probably marks the site of the estate offices for the development by Henry Penton, MP for Winchester, of what was possibly London's first planned suburb. Penton had owned an area of open All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201513Chapel Street Market some time before World War 1

countryside in North London and a number of streets were built there in the 1770 and the state was com-pleted around 1820. A few of the original houses survive in Chapel Market. to reach Tolpuddle Street… Continue along this road until you turn left into Cloudesley Road... Turn right into Batchelor Street to number 26… There is a plaque here commemorating Thomas H. Shepherd, an English landscape painter who was born, and died in Islington. Although remembered as a master recorder of 19th century London (see the view of the Thames and St Paul’s Cathedral above), in his early years he was also an accomplished illustrator of nature. Well known for his architectural works characterised by fine attention to detail, he was employed to illustrate All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201514

architecture in London, Edinburgh, Bath and Bristol and his paintings formed the basis for steel engravings in many books including ‘Metropolitan Improvements’ (see opposite) and ‘London and Its Environs’. His champion and patron was royal interior decorator and collector Frederick Crace. Between 1809 and 1859 Crace commissioned him to paint London buildings be-fore they were demolished. Much of his work survives in the Crace collection at the British Museum. Return to Cloudesley Road and turn right and then left into Copenhagen Street… Cross over Barnsbury Road alongside Barnard Park before turning right into Hemingford Road… Turn left into Richmond Avenue and right into Mat-ilda Street… Follow Thornhill Square around to your left… Edith Garrud, a diminutive self-defence instructor who taught jiu-jitsu, lived here at number 60. She was one of the first female professional martial arts in-structors in the western world. She and her husband, William Garrud, ran a school of jiu-jitsu on Seven Sisters Road. She was also a suffragette and trained 'The Bodyguard', the suffragettes' own protec-tion unit, which guarded its members from police arrest. She was portrayed in 'Punch' magazine in July 1910, single-handedly tackling a group of policemen! (See below.) All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201515Edith Garrud

In 1899 the Garruds had attended a show of ‘wrestling’ by Edward Barton-Wright at the Alhambra Theatre, Leicester Square. This ‘wrestling’ turned out to be a martial art Bar-ton-Wright had learnt in Japan called ‘jiu-jitsu’. So impressed was Garrud with the art that she joined his school. Soon she was of-fering self-defence courses for fellow suffra-gettes and wrote articles explaining basic jiu-jitsu positions in the suffragette newspa-per ‘Votes for Women’. Garrud rarely fought at the front line as the suffragettes were careful not to lose their self-defence guru to im-prisonment. She continued as a jiu-jitsu teacher until 1925 dying in 1971 aged 99. Continue to the corner & turn left down Bridgeman Road… All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201516

At the Caledonian Road cross over and turn left to reach Bingfield Street… Kenneth Williams, the legendary British comic actor, was born at 11 Bingfield Street in 1926. The actual building was demolished in the 1970s and the plaque is sited on the building that now stands on the same spot. He was the son of Louisa ("Lou" or "Louie") Morgan and Charles Williams, a barber. Excerpts from his adult diar-ies show that he adored his supportive and theatrical mother but despised his homophobic, morose and selfi s h father. After service in World War II, Wil-liams worked in repertory theatre but never fulfilled his ambition to become a seri-ous dramatic actor. However, he was spot-ted by Dennis Main Wilson who was cast-ing Hancock's Half Hour, a radio series starring Tony Hancock in which he became very popular. He also starred in many West End Revues and televi-sion programmes. He joined Kenneth Horne in Beyond Our Ken (1958–1964), and its sequel, Round the Horne (1965–1968) All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201517

where he featured as Sandy of the camp couple Julian and Sandy (Julian was played by Hugh Paddick). Williams' film roles included major parts in the ‘Carry On’ films including Carry On Doctor, Carry On Camping, and Carry On Cleo, where he uttered the line “Infamy! Infamy! they've all got it in for me"- once voted the funniest UK movie line ever. He died in 1988. Walk up Bingfield Street - turn right into Pembroke Street… All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201518

At the corner of Gifford Street is the site of the Keskidee Centre… The Keskidee Centre founded by Guyanese-born Oscar Abrams and his fellow trustees in 1971, was Britain's first arts and cultural centre for the black community. Its name was taken from a Caribbean bird (shown below). The Keskidee became known for its thriving theatre productions, attracting black and white audiences and touring Europe, the US and New Zealand. For many years, it was the only place to experience black theatre in London and it was where poet Linton Kwesi Johnson created dub poetry. In 1978, Bob Marley chose the centre as the setting for his 'Is this love?' video, starring a seven year old Naomi Campbell. All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201519Linton Kwesi Johnson

The centre offered legal advice and classes on literacy, typing, yoga, cookery, photography, painting and pot-tery. Diminishing funding and growing debts led to the demise of the Keskidee in the early 1980s. Forty years after the centre opened, Islington Council's green plaque was unveiled by David Lammy MP. In 2016 it presented a desolate appearance and the plaque shown here has been removed into safe keeping pending the restoration of the site. Continue along Pembroke Street to Carnoustie Drive walking around the block of flats… Take the short path on your left into Lyon Street… Turn right onto Caledonian Road crossing over and left into Huntingdon Street. Turn right down Crescent Street, across Thornhill Crescent… Ahead stands St. Andrew’s church. It was built by an Is-lington stonemasons firm - Dove Brothers in 1854. The siting of the church on this prominent site helped to es-tablish Thornhill Square as a smart residential area. Enter Bridgeman Road on your left before crossing Hemingford Road to find Lofting Road… On the corner of Hemingford Road stands an old pub-lic house building - like so many in this part of London it no longer serves beer. Do note the unusual plaster im-ages of hunting scenes. All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201520

Lofting Road once housed the North London Syn-agogue. Between the 1840’s and 1860’s, Barnsbury be-came a popular area for the affluent Jewish community with more than 1,000 people moving from the City and East London. The building (shown above not long before its demoli-tion) was designed in Italian style and richly decorated with marble, plaster moulded into the shape of plants, coffered ceilings and stained glass. The synagogue fol-lowed the Ashkenazi Orthodox tradition. During the 2nd World War it was bombed and, as the Jewish community dwindled, it closed in 1958 to be re-placed by a council estate – Barnes Court – marked by a green Islington plaque. All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201521

Many families, moved further north in London where there are flourishing Jewish communities today. At the end of Lofting Road turn right into Liverpool Road and then left into Barnsbury Street… At the end of Barnsbury Street turn right into Upper Street… Turn left into Cross Street then first right down Dag-mar Terrace for the Little Angel Theatre and the next plaque… John Wright was a master puppeteer who who created a home for British puppetry in the heart of London.! The Little Angel Theatre opened in 1961 in the shell of a bombed-out temperance hall, after he had worked with puppets for 25 years in Europe and Africa. He spent the rest of his life establishing the theatre as a unique place where puppets could cast their spell over audiences. His critically respected theatre is one of only three dedicated puppet theatres buildings in Britain. To view this theatre’s productions and for bookings click here… Take the footpath across St Mary’s Churchyard to Up-per Street and turn left… All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201522John Wright

The Church of St Mary the Virgin (shown below) dates back to an original building erected in the twelfth cen-tury that was replaced in the fifteenth century. Much of the present structure was the work of the 18th century architect Lancelot Dowbiggin. Bombed and destroyed inthe Second World war, it was again rebuilt and serves as the parish church of Islington. Continue along Upper street to Islington Green… On your right you will see the ‘Screen on the Green’ cinema. The present building was opened in 1913 and it is one of the oldest continuously running cinemas in the United Kingdom. All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201523

It is an example of the many purpose-built cinemas that followed the regulations set by the Cinematograph Act 1909. Gracie Fields, born over a fish and chip shop in Rochdale, (Lancashire), lived here at 72a Upper Street, when she first moved to London. Her professional debut in variety took place at the Rochdale Hippodrome theatre in 1910. In 1915 she married strug-gling comic Archie Pitt, who became her manager. By 1925 she was starring at the Alhambra Theatre in London's West End, and made her first appearance in the 1928 Royal Variety Show. Her most famous song, which became her theme, ‘Sally’, was worked into the title of her first cinema film, Sally in Our Alley (1931), which was a major box-office hit. All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201524

She went on to make films in both England and America and she married film director, Monte Banks in 1940, fol-lowing her divorce from Pitt. However because Banks remained an Italian citizen and would have been in-terned in the United Kingdom, Fields was forced to leave Britain during World War II. Although she spent much of her time entertaining troops and supporting the war effort, this led to a fall-off in her popularity. After the war she continued recording, but made no more films, moving more towards light classical music as popular tastes changed. She also carried out a great deal of charity work for which she was belatedly hon-oured. Her final appearance at the Royal Variety Show was at the age of eighty in 1978 and she died at her home in Capri, Italy the next year. Turn back to Islington Green and walk across the top and slightly left to the entrance to St Peter’s Road… Collins’s Music Hall (shown opposite) stood here on the North side of the Green from 1863 to 1958 and although taking its name from an Irish vocalist and music hall entertainer called Sam Collins was actually only licensed to him for two and a half years until his death in 1865. This Music Hall was a conversion of a public house called The Landsdowne Arms and was situated at the rear of the pub. All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201525

In its heyday it could accommodate between seven and eight hundred people who came to see performances from such stars as Charlie Chaplin, Marie Lloyd, Harry Lauder and George Robey and George Leybourne. George Leybourne was often known by the title of one of his songs, "Champagne Charlie". In 1867 this song was a huge hit and led to the first major success of the music hall concept in Britain. Even today he is one of the best-known music hall performers. Click the YouTube link below to hear Tommy Trinder sing his version. Like its more famous rival, The Windmill in Soho, it never closed, remaining open during the Blitz of the early 1940‘s. It was finally destroyed by fire in 1958. The photo on the previous page shows this Music Hall in its heyday All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201526

in the late nineteenth century. The premises are now oc-cupied by a book shop. The blue plaque marking this famous building is unusual in being square rather than round. Continue across the Green to enter St Peter’s Street before making a right turn onto Colebrook Row… The Social Democratic Federation (SDF) had its headquarters here at number 54 — from 1926 to 1937 having been founded in the 1880‘s by H. M. Hyndman as the first organ-ised socialist political party in Britain. Among its first members were the designer William Morris and Eleanor Marx youngest daughter of Karl Marx, however Friedrich Engels, Marx’s collaborator ,refused to back the venture. By the early 20th Century, the party struggled with membership defec-tions. Hyndman exerted tremendous influence over the party through his funding and rigid control of the party newspaper ‘Justice’ but many, including trades unionists thought that he was obsessed with parliament-ary ambitions and should be more active in the industri-al struggle. Look across to the start of Duncan Terrace for the next plaque marking where Charles lamb lived… Charles Lamb, an English essayist who lived here at 64 Duncan Terrace from 1823 to 1827 is best known for his All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201527H.M. Hyndman

‘Essays of Elia’ and the children’s book ‘Tales from Shakespeare’ which was writ-ten with his sister Mary. His principal biographer described him as “the most lovable figure in English literat-ure” and much loved by his friends Col-eridge, Wordsworth and Hazlitt. However, his life was a sad one having suffered from smallpox at an early age and a stutter which deprived him of an op-portunity to follow a clerical career. He and his sister suffered from bouts of depression and mental illness and spent periods in the harsh contemporary mental hospitals including a private ‘madhouse’ in Islington called Fisher House. Walk along Duncan Terrace and turn right into Charlton Place... Caroline Chisholm, who lived here at 32 Charlton Place was a progressive 19th century English humanitarian and philan-thropist known as the ‘Emigrants Friend’ due to her involvement with female im-migrant welfare in Australia. She moved to Australia in 1838 and set up a shelter for new single women arrivals, helping them to find work and some-where to live. She later extended this work to cover families, and between 1841 and 1844 assisted over 14,000 people to emigrate and settle All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201528Charles LambCaroline Chisholm

in New South Wales. She returned to England in 1866 and died in 1877. She also founded the Family Colonisation Loan Society which lent migrant families the funds needed to travel to Australia sometimes on specially chartered ships. A number of educational establishments in Australia and England are named after her and Chisholm’s image has appeared on Australian stamps and banknotes. At the top of Charlton Place turn left into Camden Passage and into Islington High Street… Continue back to the Angel Station where this walk ends. All images, photos and text © Michael Strachan 201529The Angel pub c 1890

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