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THE HISTORY OF THE RM PT BRANCH - BIBLIOGRAPHY

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A SHORT HISTORY OF THE ROYAL MARINES PHYSICAL TRAINING BRANCH:(BIBLIOGRAPHY & RESOURCES)Compiled by Peter Brown MBE

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THE EARLY HISTORY OF MILITARY FITNESS - GENERAL INFORMATION RESOURCES:For excellent resources of articles and books on early military fitness visit: • https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/online books page • https://wellcomecollection.org/collections• https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jrs• https://www.hathitrust.org/• https://archive.org/OTHER SOURCES ON THE HISTORY OF MILITARY FITNESS INCLUDE: The National Archives and Records Centre at Kew:https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/The History of Fitness: Lance C. Dalleck, M.S. and Len Kravitz, Ph.D. www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/history.html A Guide to the History of Physical Education (374-pages) by Fred Eugene Leonard (1923) https://archive.org/details/of physical education (1923) by Fred Eugene Leonard M.D. The (1904) Inter-Departmental Committee on Physical Deterioration Report. Printed for HMSO (London) by Darling & Son for the HMSO:https://babel.hathitrust.org/1904 HMSO Report on Physical Deterioration."The Army Isn't all Work": A study of the physical culture in the evolution of the British Army (1860-1920): Report on Committee on physical training of recruits (1896). https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/The Army isn't all Work.“ “Fit To Fight - A History of the Royal Army Physical Training Corps (1860-2015)”https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Fit_to_Fight_A_History_of_the_Royal_ArmyRoyal Navy History Archives, Portsmouth Dockyard: https://www.nmrn.org.uk/collections-and-conservationThe Royal Marine Depot, Deal.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marine_Depot,_DealThe Commando Training Centre Royal Marines. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commando_Training_Centre_Royal_MarinesThe Public Domain Review: provides out-of-copyright material to share without restriction – e.g. The History of Indian Club Exercises. https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/eastern-sports-and-western-bodiesTHE HISTORY OF MILITARY FITNESS - BIBLIOGRAPHY & RESOURCES:Compiling the history of the RM PT Branch from the limited archive information available was not easy. However, the information provided has been gathered from a wide variety of sources and is believed to be as accurate as possible. It has been supplemented with the past living experience of the author. N.B. The electronic links below can be downloaded as a separate document by visiting: https://simplebooklet.com/historyofthermptbranchbibliographydoc In 1811 Fredeich Jahn (“The Father of German Gymnastics”) opened the first German gymnasium in Berlin.An early YMCA Gymnasium in London (1888) showing gymnastics, rope-climbing & club-swinging. A Victorian prison treadmill in the 1800’s, used to exhaust prisoners & grind corn for up to 10 hours a day. 76

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77THE CROSSED-CLUBS BADGE:A military system of gymnastic exercises and a system of fencing ... by Archibald MacLaren. To which is appended a series of exercises for the regulation clubs, by Lt. Anderson. https://babel.hathitrust.org/MacLaren’s (1868) Book “A Military System of Gymnastic Exercises and Fencing.”Indian Club Exercise by Sam Kehoe (1866) - Its use in England, and introduction into the British Army: https://archive.org/details/indianclubexerci00kehorichBritish Manly Exercise by Donald Walker (1834): https://wellcomecollection.org/Donald Walker (1834) British Manly Exercise.‘MENS SANA IN CORPORE SANO’: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens_sana_in_corpore_sanoARCHIBALD MACLAREN AND THE FIRST MILITARY GYMNASIUMS:Friedrich Ludwig Jahn - German educator.https://www.britannica.com/biography/Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Friedrich Ludwig Jahn and the Development of Gymnastics in Germany(1905) by Fred Leonard.Friedrich Ludwig Jahn and the development of gymnastics in Germany (1905) by Fred Leonard. Archibald MacLaren’s first (1858) purpose-built gymnasium in Oxford:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_MacLaren#Oxford_GymnasiumArchibald Maclaren’s, 1885 (543-pages) book: “A System of Physical Education, Theoretical and Practical.” can be viewed at: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3141382&seq=11Archibald MacLaren’s actual 1862 (285- pages) book: “A Military System of Gymnastic Exercises for the use of Instructors” can be viewed at: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/b6nztbkx/items?canvas=5Archibald MacLaren’s (1868) Book “A Military System of Gymnastic Exercises and a System of Fencing for the use of Instructors” can be viewed at: https://babel.hathitrust.org/MacLaren’s (1868) Book “A Military System of Gymnastic Exercises and Fencing.”Archibald MacLaren’s (1864) address to the Royal United Services Institution, on the Design of Military Gymnasia can be viewed at: https://www.tandfonline.com/MacLaren's Military Gymnasia Recommendations.The British Army’s first gymnasium, built to MacLaren’s design at Aldershot in 1868.https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aldershott_Gymnasium_1868.jpgTHE BUILDING OF THE RM GYMNASIUM AT DEAL:History of the Royal Marines:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Marines• NB. Kew Records Office - Original 1867 Plans.• DEPOT ROYAL MARINES Improvement of buildings, 1894 Vol 2 136• DEPOT ROYAL MARINES Swimming Bath - commencement of work Vol 1 9 Archibald MacLaren designed the first military gymnasiums and physical development exercise programmes in Great Britain in the late 1800’s.OTHER BIBLIOGRAPHY & RESOURCES:

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78PORTRAIT OF AN 1800’s PTI - SERGEANT JOSEPH IVES COLE RMLI: A well- researched PDF document prepared by his great, great grandson, Trevor Crittenden (trev.critt@virginmedia.com).WHY IS SGT COLE WEARING A CROSSED-SWORDS BADGE?(A Special Army Circular dated 14 August 1868, paragraph 10) Reference: WO 32/9451: (Code 43(K)): Badges for the Army Physical Training Corps (1940-1943). Also: Reference PCOM 9/1302. Physical Training Instructors Qualifications. https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C2544325BAYONET- FIGHTING:Physical Exercise Tables and Bayonet Fighting Royal Marines (1937) R.M. Pamphlet No. 1561/37.T.PEHR HENRIK LING’s SWEDISH PT SYSTEM:The History of Pehr Henrik Ling: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pehr_Henrik_Ling“The Gymnastic Free Exercises of P.H. Ling” – Translated by M. Roth M.D. with 58 Illustrations(1853) Arranged by Hugo Rothstein and translated by Mathias Roth:https://archive.org/details/63810470R.nlm.nih.gov“The Evolution and Benefits of Swedish P.T. “– The Surgeon General, U.S. Navy’s Report on Swedish P.T. (1910).Extracted from the original report: The Benefits of the Swedish PT System (PB research notes) .pdfBritish Army - Manual of Physical Training (HMSO 1914):https://babel.hathitrust.org/British Army - Manual of Physical Training (HMSO 1914):THE ROYAL NAVY SCHOOL OF PT (1902): Report of the Committee on the Regulations for the Entry and Training of Boys in Her Majesty’s Navy, 15 Dec. 1879, Paragraph 24, ADM 116/704, National Archives, quoted in Walton, ‘A Social History of the Royal Navy’, p. 200.“The Food of the Bluejacket,” Francis H. Miller, The Navy and Army Illustrated 2 (4 September 1896): 110.General Order 4091. Physical and Recreational Training Branch. (C.W. [N. 3301. 1.1.1920.) RM P & RT INSTRUCTORS IN THE EARLY 1900’s: Badges for Specialist Qualifications PT instructors authorised to wear badge, 1905. Physical Training (Specialist Qualification): From https://rmhistorical.com/files/content/SQ%20PTI.pdf (ref: GO 27 3-1905) , (GO 9 1917) , (RMRO 205 1951) , ( AFO 1422 1953) , ( AFO 2231 1953) , (AFO 1153 1962) and (RMRO 26 2000).WW1 & THE IMPORTANCE OF SPORT IN THE ARMY:Army Manual of Physical Training, 1908. London : Printed for H.M.S.O., by Harrison, 1908.https://wellcomecollection.org/works/uvhv8wtjThe foundation of the Army Sport Control Board was officially notified on 20 November in Army Council Instruction No. 1299 of 1918, which set out the objects of the Board. “Sport and the Military: the British Armed Forces 1880-1960”. Tony Mason and Eliza Riedi. (Cambridge University Press, 2010), 5.WW1 & THE IMPORTANCE OF SPORT IN THE RN & RM:RE: Instructions from The Director, Physical Training & Sports Branch, to The Superintendent, P.R.T. School, R.N. Barracks, Portsmouth. 10th October 1923.General Order 4091. Physical and Recreational Training Branch. (C.w. [N. 3301. 1.1.1920.) Ling’s Swedish PT System was widely used across Europe and the UK for Military and Schools Physical Training and for both male and female participants. OTHER BIBLIOGRAPHY & RESOURCES:

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79CDR. COOTE & POST-WAR SPORT IN THE RN & RM:“R.N. Physical Training & Sports Branch – The P & RT Conference 1921”, from the original document held at the National Archives in Kew (Ref: ADM/8619/24) Retrieved December 2023.“A Scheme For National Physical Education“. A paper written by Surg. Cdr. K. Digby Bell R.N. (School of Physicaland Recreational Training, Portsmouth.) for a meeting of The Royal Society of Medicine, held January 21, 1920.RM FOOTBALL IN THE 1900’S & THE TUNNEY CUP: Website: https://royalmarinesfootball.co.uk/tunney-cup.htmlTHE P & RT INSTRUCTOR SYLLABUS OF THE 1930’S: Information from the RM PT Branch Archives held at CTCRM, Lympstone.THE RM PHYSICAL & RECREATIONAL TRAINING SCHOOL (1926 ):Notice 3370. Royal Marine P.R.T. Instructors Allocation Complement: (N. 4324/26.-10.12.1926.) RM PHYSICAL TRAINING & SPORT IN THE 1940’s: Information from the RM PT Branch Archives held at CTCRM, Lympstone.Royal Marines Applied Physical Training Handbook 1945, Including Bayonet Fighting and Close Combat.Basic and Battle Physical Training – The War Office 1945.THE 1940’s PT2 COURSE SYLLABUS: Information provided by the RM PT Branch Archives held at CTCRM, Lympstone.WW2 & PTI’s SERVE BOTH ON LAND & AT SEA:'History and Training 1940 -1945’ - Commando Veterans Archive at: https://www.commandoveterans.org/CommandoBasicTrainingCentre Commando Basic Training Centre (United Kingdom) at:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commando_Basic_Training_Centre_(United_Kingdom)THE POST- WW2 PHYSICAL TRAINING BRANCH: Communication Sheet (Ref. No: 1/2/45) from The Superintendent P..&.R.T. R.M., Dated: 8th September 1945, to The Commandant General, Royal Marines.Information also provided by the RM PT Branch Archives held at CTCRM, Lympstone.THE 1950’S PT2 COURSE REQUIREMENTS:282.-Uniform-Royal Marine Physical Training Instructors-Re-introduction of Red Edged Vests Gymnasium(V.2A/551/6/55.-3 Feb. 1956.) at: https://rmhistorical.com/files/content/AFO%201153%2015-6-1962.pdf(U)1153.-Uniform-Badges-Physical Training Sub-Specialisation-Track Suits- Wearing of S.Q. Badges. (D.C.S.D.-15 Jun. 1962.) (A.F.O. 815/62.).RM PTI SPORT & SPORTS CHAMPIONS OF THE 1950’s: From the RM PT Branch Archives held at CTCRM, Lympstone.CORPS SPORT IN THE 1960’s & 1970’s:PT Newsletters (1-24) 1955-1966 held at the Royal Navy History Archives, Portsmouth. Royal Marines Sport – PT Branch Newsletter No 11 (1960). The RM PT Branch has maintained the highest levels of excellence in physical fitness & sport for over 100 years. OTHER BIBLIOGRAPHY & RESOURCES: