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a health risk time bomb Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts Based on recent research learn about the social psychological and physical health impacts of hearing loss and how digital hearing solutions fend off these high risk consequences
Table of Contents Foreword 4 Introduction 5 Large and growing 5 But it s not only about the numbers 5 Research confirms the challenge 5 The conclusion 6 No exaggeration the impacts are enormous 6 Types of Hearing Loss 7 Sensorineural 7 Conductive 7 Mixed 7 Causes of Hearing Loss 8 Natural loss of hearing with aging 8 Persistent loud environments 8 Heredity 8 Disease 8 Ototoxic drugs 8 Radiation for head and neck cancer 9 Diabetes 9 Traumatic brain injury TBI 9 Signs and Symptoms of Hearing Loss 10 Consequences of Hearing Loss 11 The struggle to be in life s conversation 11 A professional challenge 11 We perceive ourselves differently 11 Safety 12 Other Effects of Hearing Loss on Well Being 13 Cognitive decline dementia and Alzheimer s disease 14 Falling 15 Hearing loss and diabetes 15
Pain relieving medications increase risk 16 Obesity women and adolescents 17 Greater hospitalizations and overall poor health 17 Solutions Digital Hearing Instruments 19 1 Clarity 19 2 Noise control 19 3 Fidelity 19 4 Responsive 19 5 Connectivity to other electronics 19 Benefits from treating hearing loss 20 Treat hearing loss and you will benefit 20 Why Choose Us 21 1 Trust 21 2 Teamwork 21 3 Choice 21 4 No deceptive advertising 22 5 Value 22 Our Team of Audiologists 23 Jennifer Gagesch Au D 23 Nicole N Kreps Au D 23 Tom Wardzala Au D 23 Christina Woodall M S CCC A 24 Advocate 25 Help us reach others 25 We make it easy 25 Another way you can lend a hand 25 We re counting on you 25 Resources 26 To learn about hearing screenings 26 To schedule a free hearing screening 26 For directions to our three office locations 26 To learn more about our fundraising initiatives 26 References 27 Sertoma Speech and Hearing Center 2017
Foreword HEARING LOSS IS a national health care crisis The scope is enormous altering the lives of millions of Americans and getting bigger every day The loss of hearing the loss of effective communication is not the only ramification you need to be aware of Many other consequences of hearing loss are crippling and turn lives upside down Everyday at the Sertoma Speech Hearing Center I witness the negative consequences of hearing loss But I also witness the incredible benefits of modern digital hearing instruments on our patients Digital technology changes lives some would say saves lives This is why we prepared this report to inform you about all the effects of hearing loss because they profoundly effect your social life cognitive performance and physical well being The facts we present in this report come from research done at John Hopkins Columbia Harvard Vanderbilt and other top research centers True these facts are intimidating but we re not presenting them to you as a scare tactic We hope this report helps you preserve your health and that of your family friends and colleagues Michelle Morrison Ed D Executive Director Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 4
Introduction HOW BIG IS the hearing loss problem in the United States Large and growing Almost two thirds of Americans age 70 and older experience hearing loss Add to this the fact 10 000 Baby Boomers turn 65 every day in this country This phenomenon started on 1 January 2011 and continues every single day for the next 19 years You get the picture But it s not only about the numbers The health consequences of hearing loss are devastating When you consider all the health problems associated with hearing loss falls cognitive decline dementia Alzheimer s diabetes and poorer physical functioning the impact is vast We ll examine these and other impacts later in this report Research confirms the challenge Research by Frank Lin M D Ph D and team at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Johns Hopkins Center of Aging and Health reports the following 1 in 5 Americans has hearing loss Older or male subjects were more likely to have hearing loss and more prone to a severe loss compared to younger or female subjects Being black appeared to be protective For example while about 64 of white subjects had hearing loss only 43 of black subjects did Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 5
The conclusion About 30 million Americans or 12 7 of the population have hearing loss in both ears This number jumps to about 48 million or 20 3 for people who have hearing loss in at least one ear The loss of hearing doubles with every age decade No exaggeration the impacts are enormous The challenges of hearing loss are extensive reaching far beyond the immediate struggle of communication Effective communication is vital of course because we are social creatures Now however we know hearing impairment also diminishes our mental and physical well being It can for example destroy the very sense of who we are by robbing us of our memory No doubt future research will discover other ways that hearing loss effects our lives SOURCE 1 in 5 Americans has hearing loss www eurekalert org pub_releases 2011 11 jhmi oif110911 php Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 6
Types of Hearing Loss HEARING LOSS CAN develop at any age and is classified the following three ways Sensorineural Damage to the inner ear or the hearing nerve itself produces sensorineural hearing loss The most common type of sensorineural damage is when hair cells within the cochlea are broken they do not grow back the loss is permanent Sensorineural loss is the most common High noise environments aging traumatic injury disease drugs toxic to the ear and genetic background are all sources of sensorineural hearing loss Modern digital hearing instruments that fine tune sound to individual needs restore sensorineural loss for many people One type of sensorineural hearing loss is sudden If you experience an abrupt loss of hearing see an otologist right away Delay reduces the likelihood of effective treatment Conductive A loss of hearing because of problems in the outer or middle ear the conduit through which sound waves must travel to reach the inner ear is conductive hearing loss Conductive loss stems from ear wax buildup structural abnormality a foreign object wedged in the ear canal fluid in the middle ear or a damaged ear drum Often medicine or surgery are effective treatments Mixed A combination of sensorineural and conductive loss classifies as mixed hearing loss An example is an adult with a wax buildup and a loss of hair cells from working in a high noise environment In this case the accumulated wax blocks sound from traveling to the inner ear an office visit can get rid of this problem And hearing instruments can restore hearing caused by the loss of hair cells Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 7
Causes of Hearing Loss LET S SURVEY the top eight Natural loss of hearing with aging Called presbycusis this type of loss is sensorineural As we ve learned two thirds of Americans over 70 have it but many more who are younger also experience presbycusis Persistent loud environments Sporting events rock concerts gas powered lawnmowers and highnoise work environments all damage hair cells a key element of hearing Hair cells do not regenerate however so damaging them creates permanent hearing loss Acoustic trauma is another terms for noise induced hearing loss Heredity Hereditary hearing loss accounts for 50 to 60 of hearing loss in babies Genes and environment can also interact in ways that cause hearing loss Some medicines for instance can cause hearing loss but this happens only in people with a particular gene mutation Disease Diseases such as otosclerosis affects the middle ear and can be surgically treated and M ni re s disease affects the inner ear starting in the 30 50 age range the damage becomes permanent eventually Ototoxic drugs Some drugs can damage hearing For example ototoxic drugs include aminoglycoside antibiotics such as streptomycin neomycin or kanamycin and some chemotherapy drugs cisplatin carboplatin or nitrogen mustard Dr Lin at John Hopkins believes the estimates of hearing loss from chemotherapy are grossly underestimated Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 8
Radiation for head and neck cancer This type of cancer the sixth most common type worldwide can cause hearing loss The November 2010 issue of Archives of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery reports patients of head and neck cancer who lost hearing because of radiation and the loss was untreated these patients were more likely to feel lonely depressed worried anxious or paranoid enjoy fewer social activities and were less able to process information about their environment SOURCE Hearing loss common following radiation therapy for head and neck cancer www eurekalert org pub_releases 2010 11 jaaj hlc111110 php Diabetes The association of diabetes with hearing loss is strong In fact hearing loss is about twice as common in adults with diabetes compared to nondiabetics according to a study funded by the National Institutes of Health Diabetes may lead to hearing loss by damaging the nerves and blood vessels of the inner ear Autopsy studies of diabetic patients confirm this type of damage SOURCE Hearing loss is common in people with diabetes www eurekalert org pub_releases 2008 06 niod hli061108 php Traumatic brain injury TBI As you can imagine this is a significant challenge for our veterans To learn more about hearing loss in adults visit the American SpeechLanguage Hearing Association www asha org public hearing disorders causes_adults htm Now let s turn our attention to the signs and symptoms of hearing loss Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 9
Signs and Symptoms of Hearing Loss TRY THIS Ask yourself the following 11 questions developed by the National Institutes of Health If you answer Yes to three or more items you could have a hearing problem and should schedule a hearing check up with one of our professional audiologists Yes No Questions to Ask Yourself Do I have a problem hearing on the telephone Do I have trouble hearing when there is noise in the background Is it hard for me to follow a conversation when two or more people talk at once Do I have to strain to understand a conversation Do many people I talk to seem to mumble or not speak clearly Do I misunderstand what others are saying and respond inappropriately Do I often ask people to repeat themselves Do I have trouble understanding the speech of women and children Do people complain that I turn the TV volume up too high Do I hear a ringing roaring or hissing sound a lot Do some sounds seem too loud SOURCE National Institutes of Health www nidcd nih gov health hearing pages older aspx Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 10
Consequences of Hearing Loss DIFFICULT COMMUNICATION changes in self perception and less personal safety affect everyone with hearing loss The struggle to be in life s conversation Losing hearing means a lot more emotional and cognitive effort to communicate with family friends and new acquaintances It s trying for everyone in the immediate family and extended social network We treat loved ones with hearing loss differently our interactions shorten and are less frequent You can be certain life changes with hearing loss Unfortunately for some it s only after a loss that they realize how important and rewarding hearing is to experiencing all life s moments to the fullest A professional challenge In our professional lives we encounter the same challenges and frustrations with colleagues that we have with family and friends But the consequences here can be financial and the risk to personal safety much higher especially working in dynamic industrial environments Professional skills development is more challenging too risking advancement We perceive ourselves differently In all cases our sense of who we are changes People who have lost hearing lose their confidence and often feel much older as if aging suddenly hit them With untreated hearing loss the quality of life deteriorates and this can lead to social isolation a powerful negative stress on human beings Isolation creates strong feelings of loneliness that can lead to depression excessive worry persistent anxiety or even paranoia In fact feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person s chances of premature death by 14 according to the research of John Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 11
Cacioppo Ph D the Tiffany and Margaret Blake Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago and Director of the University of Chicago Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience Safety Our personal safety is effected too For example as pedestrians a loss of hearing jeopardizes our ability to skillfully negotiate busy crowded spaces The challenge is greater because so much of the auditory information we rely on to navigate and warn us of hazards is missing Likewise driving with hearing loss is more challenging We re more isolated less tuned in to the sounds of the road and our vehicle Now let s review some other important consequences of hearing loss some that are devastating as you ll learn in the next section Communication holds us together Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 12
Other Effects of Hearing Loss on Well Being OVER THE LAST decade there s been a significant increase in research on hearing loss and its ramifications One reason for this Baby Boomers In fact there are 76 million American Baby Boomers people born between 1946 and 1964 of which the oldest members began celebrating their 65th birthday on 1 January 2011 Beginning at the start of 2011 and continuing for the next 19 years 10 000 baby boomers will reach age 65 every single day The aging of this cohort of Americans 26 of the total US population is Baby Boomers changes the composition of the country dramatically and as a result an increased demand for health care and treatment of hearing loss According to the World Health Organization adult onset hearing loss is the sixth most common disease burden in high income countries Now let s take a look at some other consequences and health related associations of hearing loss namely Cognitive decline dementia and Alzheimer s disease Falling Diabetes Pain relieving medications Obesity Hospitalizations Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 13
Cognitive decline dementia and Alzheimer s disease Cognitive decline dementia and Alzheimer s disease Research at Johns Hopkins and the National Institute on Aging suggests older Americans with hearing loss are significantly more likely to develop dementia than those who retain their hearing The findings offer a starting point for interventions as simple as digital hearing instruments to delay or prevent dementia Summary of research People with mild moderate and severe hearing loss had twofold threefold and fivefold respectively the risk of developing dementia In people 60 and older more than 36 4 of the risk of dementia was accounted for by hearing loss For Alzheimer s disease risk increases the following way for every 10 decibels of hearing loss the additional risk increased by 20 In other words a mild loss of hearing has a significant impact on risk After the study accounted for other factors associated with the risk of dementia diabetes high blood pressure age sex and race a strong connection remained between hearing loss and dementia The study concluded that hearing loss in older adults may be preventable and addressed with digital hearing aids and with other rehabilitative interventions that optimize social and environmental conditions for hearing In another study MRI evidence confirmed that the brains of people with hearing loss atrophied faster than those with normal hearing Dr Linn concluded If you want to address hearing loss well you want to do it sooner rather than later If hearing loss is potentially contributing to these differences we re seeing on MRI you want to treat it before these brain structural changes take place Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 14
SOURCES AND RESOURCES Hearing loss and dementia linked in study www eurekalert org pub_releases 2011 02 jhmi hla021511 php Hearing loss accelerates brain function decline in older adults www eurekalert org pub_releases 2013 01 jhm hla011713 php Hearing loss linked to accelerated brain tissue loss http www eurekalert org pub_releases 2014 01 jhm hll012214 php Frank R Lin M D Ph D www linresearch org Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging www blsa nih gov Falling Further research at Johns Hopkins indicates hearing loss is a risk factor for another huge and growing public health problem falls Summary of research A 25 decibel hearing loss a mild loss of hearing triples the risk of falling The risk increased with every additional 10 decibels of hearing loss which increased the chances of falling by 1 4 times After the researchers accounted for other factors linked with falling age sex race cardiovascular disease and vestibular function this finding still held true When participants with moderate to severe hearing loss were excluded from the analysis the results did not change SOURCE Hearing loss linked to 3 fold risk of falling www eurekalert org pub_releases 2012 02 jhmi hll022312 php Hearing loss and diabetes Hearing loss is about twice as common in adults with diabetes compared to those who do not have the disease according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health Hearing loss is an under recognized complication of diabetes Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 15
Summary of research People with diabetes should get their hearing tested Our study found a strong and consistent link between hearing impairment and diabetes using a number of different outcomes Dr Cowie observed Adults with pre diabetes blood glucose higher than normal but not high enough for a diabetes diagnosis had a 30 higher rate of hearing loss compared to those with normal blood sugar tested after an overnight fast Diabetes may lead to hearing loss by damaging nerves and circulation of the inner ear Autopsies of diabetes patients confirm such damage SOURCE Hearing loss is common in people with diabetes www eurekalert org pub_releases 2008 06 niod hli061108 php Pain relieving medications increase risk It s likely that analgesics damage your ears A study at Brigham and Women s Hospital revealed that women who took ibuprofen or acetaminophen two or more days per week had an increased risk of hearing loss Summary of research The more often women used these medications the higher their risk for hearing loss Women younger than 50 years of age experienced greater hearing loss from ibuprofen and acetaminophen This was especially true for women who took ibuprofen six or more days per week There was no association between aspirin use and hearing loss SOURCE Popular pain relieving medicines linked to hearing loss in women www eurekalert org pub_releases 2012 09 bawh pp091212 php Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 16
Obesity women and adolescents Researchers uncovered a relationship between high body mass index values and the risk of hearing loss They found a similar finding with larger waist circumferences The study also discovered that women doing higher levels of physical activity had a lower risk of hearing loss Summary of research For women with waist circumferences of 31 5 34 6 inches the relative risk for hearing loss was 11 higher when compared to women with waist circumferences less than 28 inches For women with waist circumferences greater than 34 6 inches the relative risk was 27 higher when compared with women with waist circumferences less than 28 inches The most physically active women showed a 17 lower risk of hearing loss Walking two hours or more per week reduced risk by 15 SOURCES Obesity associated with higher risk of hearing loss in women www eurekalert org pub_releases 2013 11 bawh oaw112513 php Obesity associated with hearing loss in adolescents www eurekalert org pub_releases 2013 06 cumc oaw061713 php Greater hospitalizations and overall poor health We ve learned that hearing loss is a chronic condition affecting 2 of every 3 adults aged 70 years or older in the United States Confirming this general observation Dane J Genther M D of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and colleagues investigated the association of hearing loss with hospitalization and the burden of disease in a nationally representative study of adults 70 years of age or older Summary of research People with mild hearing loss compared to those with normal hearing are more likely to have A history for cardiovascular risk factors Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 17
A history of hospitalization in the past year 23 8 vs 18 7 More hospitalizations per year 1 5 compared to 1 2 Overall mild hearing loss was linked to any hospitalization and number of them More than 10 days of self reported poor physical health More than 10 days of self reported poor mental health SOURCE Hearing loss associated with hospitalization poorer selfreported health www eurekalert org pub_releases 2013 06 tjnjhla060613 php Hear life to the fullest Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 18
Solutions Digital Hearing Instruments FOR THE VAST majority of people with sensorineural hearing loss digital hearing instruments are an effective treatment Compared to analog hearing aids which only amplify sound including background noise and early versions of digital hearing instruments present day digital technology is far superior Here are the top five reasons 1 Clarity Modern digital sound technology is substantially better at capturing sound and conveying it to your ears What you hear is clear and sharp not vague or mumbled 2 Noise control Background noise used to be a problem with amplified hearing But today digital hearing technology cleans the sound of busy ambient noise filtering out annoying distractions before it gets to your ears In other words in a bustling space like a restaurant you can now make out the voices in your group without interference 3 Fidelity Another important advantage is the improvement in the fidelity of sound Fidelity describes how true the sound you hear is to the original source For example you will hear a loved one s voice with the character of his or her voice accurately preserved 4 Responsive Today audiologists can fine tune digital hearing instruments to respond to their patients hearing loss Audiologists call this fitting hearing instruments Like custom made clothing digital technology tailors to individual needs with precision 5 Connectivity to other electronics With BlueTooth technology you can hear your calls through your hearing instruments Some models even allow you to adjust the setting Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 19
on your hearing instruments with your cell phone You can also stream audio from an MP3 player computer or TV for a much better audio experience Benefits from treating hearing loss Digital hearing instruments can put people back in the conversation of life They enable people to once again to Hear the full soundtrack of life Communicate with family friends and colleagues with ease Walk run hike cycle and drive with greater safety awareness and confidence Open doors to a richer life enjoy a more optimistic outlook and better physical health Treat hearing loss and you will benefit Today you can t make a valid case for not treating hearing loss This is especially true when you know the far reaching effects of it a mild loss is all you need to double your risk demential Based on his team s research at John Hopkins Dr Lin recommends using hearing instruments to help avert cognitive decline and prevent needless falls If you have an untreated loss of hearing or suspect one get professional help by calling 708 599 9500 and scheduling an appointment Delaying treatment risks permanent changes in brain structures and perilous consequences to your mental and physical health Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 20
Why Choose Us 1 Trust We re a nonprofit 501 c 3 a status that distinguishes us in communication health care We focus on you not quarterly profits Make no mistake we re an efficient modern health care organization that earns its way But as a 501 c 3 we re structured to concentrate on you our patient 2 Teamwork You benefit from our teamwork because clinical teams create better results for patients For example our audiologists and speech language pathologists take a 360 perspective of their patients not a single point of view to fully understand them and customize their treatments 3 Choice We partner with the top digital hearing instrument designers Oticon Widex Phonak ReSound Siemens Starkey to offer you choice Why is choice important Choice ensures that you get the right hearing instruments to effectively treat your unique hearing challenges By comparison we re not a manufacturer s hearing aid store which limits choice risking the right hearing technology for your needs Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 21
4 No deceptive advertising You won t run into any advertisements from us exclaiming Wanted 30 people with hearing loss to evaluate new digital hearing aids If you re in your 60s you get these come ons every week in the mail We take another approach We respect you You re welcome to try our digital hearing systems any time you want 5 Value We offer you honest value Early consultation so we get to know each other Audiology and speech language pathology work as a team Clinical diagnosis and discussion of all treatment options Counseling and support for individuals and families Technical services for hearing instruments precision fitting performance fine tuning on site repairs Choice of digital hearing systems to solve your unique challenges Access to your professional clinician when you need help Product and service pricing to fit your budget Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 22
Our Team of Audiologists Skill Enthusiasm Patience Dedication This is how our team of audiologists fulfills our communication health care mission Day in day out you can count on their commitment to patient care Here in their own words six short introductions Jennifer Gagesch Au D Palos Hills office 708 599 9500 jgagesch sertomacenter org I enjoy working with people of all ages with specific interests in diagnostic testing dispensing of hearing instruments hearing conservation particularly for musicians and those that enjoy music and auditory processing Nicole N Kreps Au D Palos Hills office 708 599 9500 nkreps sertomacenter org I love helping patients of all ages and backgrounds My approach to patient care is to view the patient as a whole ensuring that through a thorough case history and comprehensive testing an appropriate treatment approach is found unique to each patient addressing all patient concerns as well as hearing and balance issues Tom Wardzala Au D Palos Hills office 708 599 9500 twardzala sertomacenter org The best part of being an audiologist is being able to help people communicate in their everyday lives Whether it s a child in school or an elderly patient hearing is essential to communicating with others and the work we do here at The Speech and Hearing Center helps others with this Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 23
Christina Woodall M S CCC A Romeoville office 630 633 5060 cwoodall sertomacenter org I made the decision to be an audiologist in the 8th grade when an audiologist visited my science class and described her profession Today I have five daughters two with profound hearing loss I m a busy mom very active with my kids sports and activities and as you can imagine I have developed a love and devotion to pediatric audiology To learn more about our audiologists go to www sertomacenter org audiologists To learn more about what audiologists do and their professional training go to www sertomacenter org the professional audiologist Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 24
Advocate Help us reach others Now that you know the risky consequences of hearing loss and the benefits of digital hearing technology we hope you re motivated to tell your family friends and colleagues We make it easy Let Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts tell the story for you Send family friends and colleagues to our website where they can download a copy Once they re informed we re confident they ll spread the word too Another way you can lend a hand If you would like a professional from the Sertoma Speech Hearing Center to speak to your group club church or professional organization please contact me Let s set up a presentation at your location There s no charge part of our nonprofit mission We re counting on you You are essential to helping your family friends and colleagues learn about the effects of hearing loss With you showing the way more people will live healthier lives by avoiding the tragic health consequences of hearing impairment Michelle Morrison Ed D Executive Director mmorrison sertomacenter org Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 25
Resources To learn about hearing screenings Visit our website To schedule a free hearing screening Call 708 599 9500 For directions to our three office locations Palos Hills IL Romeoville IL To learn more about our fundraising initiatives Email Dr Michelle Morrison or call Michelle at 708 599 9500 Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 26
References 1 in 5 Americans has hearing loss Retrieved March 1 2014 from http www eurekalert org pub_releases 2011 11 jhmi oif110911 php Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging Retrieved March 1 2014 from http www blsa nih gov Causes of Hearing Loss in Adults Retrieved March 5 2014 from http www asha org public hearing disorders causes_adults htm Frank R Lin MD PhD Retrieved March 1 2013 from http www linresearch org Hearing Loss and Older Adults Retrieved March 8 2013 from http www nidcd nih gov health hearing pages older aspx Hearing loss accelerates brain function decline in older adults Retrieved February 8 2013 from http www eurekalert org pub_releases 2013 01 jhm hla011713 php Hearing loss and dementia linked in study Retrieved February 8 2013 from http www eurekalert org pub_releases 2011 02 jhmihla021511 php Hearing loss associated with hospitalization poorer self reported health Retrieved February 8 2013 from http www eurekalert org pub_releases 2013 06 tjnj hla060613 php Hearing loss common following radiation therapy for head and neck cancer Retrieved February 9 2013 from http www eurekalert org pub_releases 2010 11 jaaj hlc111110 php Hearing loss is common in people with diabetes Retrieved April 21 2014 from http www eurekalert org pub_releases 2008 06 niodhli061108 php Hearing loss linked to 3 fold risk of falling Retrieved March 1 2013 from http www eurekalert org pub_releases 2012 02 jhmi hll022312 php Hearing loss linked to accelerated brain tissue loss Retrieved January 23 2014 from http www eurekalert org pub_releases 2014 01 jhmhll012214 php Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 27
Loneliness is a major health risk for older adults Retrieved February 18 2014 from http www eurekalert org pub_releases 2014 02 uoclia021214 php Obesity associated with hearing loss in adolescents Retrieved April 16 2013 from http www eurekalert org pub_releases 2013 06 cumcoaw061713 php Obesity associated with higher risk of hearing loss in women Retrieved April 16 2013 from http www eurekalert org pub_releases 2013 11 bawh oaw112513 php Popular pain relieving medicines linked to hearing loss in women Retrieved April 16 2013 from http www eurekalert org pub_releases 2012 09 bawh pp091212 php Hearing Loss Your Guide to the Facts 28
