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FOURTRESS Dairy Hygiene Parlour Hygiene Teat Care Excellence in Dairy Hygiene

Contents Mission Statement 1 Parlour Hygiene 2 Mastitis and Hygiene 3 Teat Disinfection Chemistry 4 Skin Care Chemistry 5 The Cost of Mastitis 6 Pre Milking 7 Parlour Procedure 8 Fourtress Teat Disinfection Range 9 11 Cleaning and Disinfection of Equipment 12 13 Fourtress Parlour Hygiene Caustic Detergents 14 Fourtress Parlour Hygiene Chlorinated Detergents 15 Fourtress Parlour Hygiene Acid Detergents 16 Fourtress Parlour Hygiene Disinfectants 17 Cleaning Routines 18 19 Bulk Tank Cleaning 20 Product Range Summary 21 26

Fourtress Dairy Hygiene Fourtress Dairy Hygiene range is a combination of manufacturing excellence high performance quality products and a deep knowledge of the dairy hygiene sector It brings a systematic and logical approach to problem solving coupled with a refreshingly open minded approach to new methods and ideas that bring the latest science and innovation to the industry We design train maintain and update Parlour Cleaning Cards CIC s and Milking Routine protocols to achieve and maintain exceptional levels of hygiene Our skilled team take pride in achieving the results within the parameters required by the milk processors in Total Bacteria Count Bactoscan TBC Somatic Cell Count SCC Thermoduric and Trichloromethane TCM To achieve maximum milk price available The technical and regulatory teams ensure that all products are compliant with current and emerging legislation Manufacturing products to the highest standards REACH EN1656 ISO2020 1

Parlour Hygiene The process for milk production relies on hardworking detergents and disinfectants together with proper milking procedures Attention to detail and a clean environment are all required to minimise mastitis and maximise production of quality milk Research and experience indicate repeated regular training of milking technicians this applies to both family and non family workers is a very important part of this process Key points during the milking Always wear disposable gloves when milking A bare hand is more difficult to clean and disinfect during milking than a gloved hand Gloves should be clean during milking If they get torn replace immediately Replace gloves after each milking If liners clusters gloves or other equipment become contaminated during milking always rinse with CLEAN RUNNING WATER for about 30 seconds to provide a physical wash Then dip in disinfecting solution giving sufficient time to kill bacteria The time will vary depending on the disinfectant used and the manufacturer s instructions Dry off as much as possible Drying hands on a paper towel will also help reduce bacteria levels Always use a separate cluster for each cow with clinical mastitis Rinse and disinfect the cluster after each mastitis cow Ideally mastitis cows should be separated from the main herd and milked last 2

Mastitis Hygiene The basis of mastitis control is herd management specifically aimed at reducing the level of bacterial challenge on the teat and teat end reducing the rate of infection Mastitis can never be eradicated however if milking routines and hygiene techniques are improved then the spread of infection will be reduced Contagious Mastitis is caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus Aureus and Streptococcus Agalactiae being transmitted between cows during milking Milk from one infected quarter can be spread to the teat skin of other quarters or other cows by milkers hands liners and cross flow of milk between clusters Damaged teats teat ends are particularly susceptible Poorly maintained milking machines can also contribute to the transmission of infection Post milking teat disinfection is the single most important step in mastitis control It has been shown in many studies to reduce new infection rates up to 50 A good teat disinfectant destroys organisms on teats and prevents teat canal colonisation of organisms Environmental Mastitis is caused by bacteria such as Escherichia Coli and Streptococcus Uberis the primary sources being faeces and mud The risk of infection from these bacteria increases when the environment is wet and dirty Areas where cows congregate such as water troughs gateways collecting yards and housing must be kept clean to minimise infection Prevention of environmental mastitis involves minimising levels of faeces and mud in the cows environment Finally to reduce the risk of mastitis if a cow could stay on her feet for up to 30 minutes after being milked This is to allow time for the teat orifice to close Thermoduric Bacteria these are not mastitis causing bacteria but are organisms capable of surviving pasteurisation the monitoring of their presence in milk is important to milk purchasers and processors Surviving pasteurisation can lead to carry over into product causing quality defects reduction in shelf life and also significant problems for food manufacturers using milk and milk products as a food ingredient The use of oxidising disinfectants will reduce spore populations but beware use of non oxidising biocides will have limited efficacy against spores Bacillus and Clostridium are the most common thermoduric species and are found in silage faeces animal bedding and soil They exist in a very heat resistant form of spores and are not killed by pasteurisation Effect of pre milking teat preparation procedures on the microbial count on teats prior to cluster application Gleeson D O Brien B Flynn J O Callaghan E Galli F Irish Vet Journal 2009 62 461 7 3

Teat Disinfection Chemistry Teat disinfection is an important measure in mastitis management In order to fully destroy any bacteria on the teats it is important to use well engineered teat treatment formulations The most fundamental part of the teat dip formulation is the active substance This is the part of the formulation which is responsible for killing mastitis causing bacteria According to European Standards and for complete disinfection of the teat teat preparations must be effective against the following bacteria Staphylococcus Aureus Streptococcus Uberis and Escherichia Coli There are various active ingredients used in the teat disinfection industry these include Lactic Acid Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Iodine All these substances effectively kill the targeted bacteria which can be found on teats Fourtress teat dip products are tested against the standard EN 1656 Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics Quantitative suspension test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in the veterinary area Lactic Acid Lactic Acid damages the cell membrane of bacteria this has two effects 1 Disrupts metabolic processes in some part due to damage to the cell wall and partially due to changes in the cells internal pH 2 Allows other biocides to more easily penetrate the cells interior Fourtress Lactic Acid based teat dips are also designed to remove the dead epidermis skin layer on the teat The Lactic Acid exfoliates the skin by destroying the keratin on the teat end to reveal the healthy skin underneath This ensures any bacteria which is present on the dead skin cells at the end of the teat are removed before after milking Chlorhexidine Gluconate Chlorhexidine Gluconate CHG is an organic compound CHG is added into formulations to help reduce the bacterial contamination on the teat CHG has been proven to be one of the most effective active substances for the control of bacterial count on teats It acts similar to Lactic Acid destroying cell membranes and disrupting the equilibrium of the cell and its components meaning it can no longer survive Iodine Iodophor based products can be used in the teat dip industry The Iodophor buries itself into the epidermis membrane of the bacteria then Iodine is released The Iodine damages the cell proteins which affects the cells ability to maintain homeostasis and causes the cell to die 4

Skin Care Chemistry Skin care is essential without this skin can deteriorate become dry damaged and infected Skin care for cows is similar to skin care for humans and products should contain chemicals that function as Humectants Emollients and possibly Occlusives Humectants are substances that bind with water molecules to increase the water content in the skin Glycerine is a very cost effective way of delivering humectant properties to a teat dip Aloe is a mixture of polysaccharides carbohydrates and minerals this is also an excellent moisturiser Emollients are used to soften and smooth dry scaly skin Derivatives of Lanolin are effective emollients PEG Esters Polyethylene glycol with fatty acid are also effective emollients Occlusives work by forming a thin film on the surface of the skin to prevent loss of moisture some PEG Esters are effective at forming films Some teat care products additionally contain Salicylic Acid or Acid Salicylates Whereas Lactic Acid is an Alpha Hydroxy Acid AHA Salicylic Acid is a Beta Hydroxy Acid Materials in this group encourage exfoliation that is the softening and sloughing of the top layer of skin cells Salicylate also penetrates skin and reduces the blockage of pores thereby reducing the opportunity for infections Teat Care Skin Science Good skin care components combined with long contact through viscosity or film formation not only improve skin condition it also ensures extended contact of biocides thereby reducing infection and instances of mastitis In addition to good skin care components teat dips must also contain insect repellents usually this is achieved by using a strong scent such as peppermint and or eucalyptus 5

The Cost of Mastitis Mastitis remains one of the most challenging endemic diseases affecting dairy cows in the UK and worldwide both in terms of the cost to production as well as the welfare of affected cows The Cost of Mas averages out at per Cow per ye The Cost of Mastitis Money spent on things like purchased feed fuel fertiliser and medicines is felt directly by dairy farmers However the true cost of sub optimal health production more difficult endemic to measure despite the large Mastitisand remains one of theismost challenging diseases affecting dairy cows worldwide both profitability in terms of theofcost of production impact it has on overall a dairy enterprise as well as the welfare of affected cows The current average incident rate of clinical Mastitis is between 47 65 Money spent on things like purchased feed fuel fertiliser and medicines is felt cases 100 cows year directly by dairy farmers However the true cost of sub optimal health and The Cost of Mastitis averages out at 240 per Cow per year production is more difficult to measure despite the large impact it has on overall Cost of Mastitis The total cost of clinical Mastitis is made up of several profitability of a dairy enterprise different components such as The current incident rate of clinical mastitis is between 47 65 cases 100 Milkaverage discard cows year Reduced yields of Mastitis Increased Cost Theculling total cost of clinical mastitis is made up of several different Medicines components such as Milk discard labour Increased Reduced yields Veterinary costs Increased culling Medicines The scale of these losses may vary between farms Increased labour Veterinary costs Production Losse Discarded Milk Extra Labour 10 Medical Costs 2 Production Losses 120 Discarded Milk 84 Extra Labour 10 Medical Costs 26 The scale of these losses may vary between farms Sub Clinical Mastitis as measured by somatic cell count SCC is associated with increased culling discarded and as reduced milk yields cell withcount a typical of 0 5 litres of milk day Sub Clinicalmilk Mastitis measured by somatic SCC loss is associated with increased culling discarded milk and reduced milk yields with a typical loss of 0 5 litres of milk day It is therefore vital that individual farms take the time to calculate what Mastitis is likely to be costing It is therefore vital that individual thedecreases time to calculate what Mastitis is likely to be costing them As SCC increases netfarms farmtake profit them As SCC increases net farm profit decreases WhenWhen penicillin was introduced after the 1940 s was 1940 s assumeditthat with such penicillin was introduced afterit the was assumed that an effective treatment Mastitis would soon be eliminated Unfortunately this with such an effective treatment Mastitis would soon be eliminated proved not to be the case and the average incident rate of clinical Mastitis Unfortunately this proved not to be the case and the average inciden between 47 65 cases 100 cows year has not decreased significantly in the rateyears of clinical Mastitis between 47 65 cases 100 cows year has not last 10 15 decreased significantly in the last 10 15 years Survey of the incidence and aetiology of mastitis on dairy farms in England and Wales A J Bradley K A Leach J E Breen L E Green M J Green Veterinary Record 2007 Survey of the incidence and aetiology of mastitis on dairy farms in England and Wales 160 253 258 A J Bradley K A Leach J E Breen L E Green M J Green Veterinary Record 2007 160 253 258 6

Pre Milking 1 Ideally forestrip all cows Foremilk stripping is an effective way to detect clinical mastitis but it must be done in a hygienic manner Routine foremilk stripping of cows also helps to provide a stimulus for milk let down To reduce the risk of contamination the milkers should avoid getting milk on their gloves when foremilk stripping Foremilk should be drawn onto a dark surface such as a strip cup as this makes changes in the milk easier to see it also reduces the risk of splashing which can occur if a boot or the parlour floor are used 2 Ideally clusters should only be attached to clean and dry teats Cluster dipping is recognised as a highly effective method of reducing cross contamination in the parlour Although washing and drying of udder and teats helps to reduce bacterial levels it is by no means as effective as applying a disinfectant pre dip or spray to the teats 3 To ensure teats are clean and the risk of infection is reduced teats should be cleaned by applying a pre milking teat disinfectant dip or spray and then wiping the teat clean and dry with a single use paper towel one towel per cow NEVER use communal cloths or wipes 4 Disposable disinfectant wipes have become a popular means of cleaning and disinfecting the teats before milking they dry quickly through evaporation and used one per cow limit cross contamination from cow to cow 6 7

Parlour Procedure The physiology of cows to produce and let down milk along with a consistent operating routine is essential to animal well being and teat health All of these elements bring essential components for mastitis prevention The milking routine should be performed by people who are responsible trained and conscientious One key area is transmission of bacteria particularly Streptococcus Uberis this can transmit from the milkers hands to the udder Wearing gloves is an extremely effective method of reducing bacterial spread Use of the correct quantity of teat disinfectant is also essential The table below is a useful guide Application methods and teat disinfection usage Application Method Typical Volume of Teat Dip used ml Spraying 15 Dipping 10 After a liner has milked an infected quarter bacteria from infected cows can contaminate the cluster and spread infection to the next nine cows milked with the same cluster Milking order can therefore have a major impact on the spread of mastitis The ideal order of milking is start off milking first lactation cows before others with somatic cell counts Secondly cows with high somatic cell counts and finally cows with clinical mastitis This will reduce the spread of mastitis organisms from cow to cow however this is not the order they arrive for milking Drafting gates to separate the final categories are very helpful to reduce contamination It is recommended to milk newly introduced animals separately until their health status is determined and the clusters sanitised before and after milking A routine and calm milking environment is essential to a proper milking procedure 8

Fourtress Teat Disinfection Range Fourtress Teat Care DairyLac SA What is it What does it do A ready to use teat dip spray or foam disinfectant for use Pre Post milking Provides disinfection through Lactic Acid as listed in Article 95 of the Biocidal Products Regulation EU528 2012 Effective against Staphyloccus Aureus Streptococcus Uberis Escherichia Coli Provides enhanced cleaning with surfactants Highly visible blue colour Provides skin care through Humectants and Emollients Passes EN1656 Contains Acid Salicylates When to use This product should be used direct from the container without dilution Pre milking gross debris should be removed before applying DairyLac SA as a dip or spray Excess liquid should be removed with a dry paper towel Post milking apply DairyLac SA as a dip or spray Repels insects Can be applied by spray dip or foam cups Useful Tips 9 1 Use clean gloves 2 Fore stripping and inspecting milk will give an early indication of abnormalities 3 Follow a standard milking procedure using only trained staff 4 Spray teats from underneath rather than the side this ensures good coverage

Fourtress Teat Disinfection Range Fourtress Teat Care Protect Pre Post What is it What does it do When to use A ready to use teat dip spray or foam disinfectant for use Pre Post milking Provides disinfection through Chlorhexidine and Lactic Acid as listed in Article 95 of the Biocidal Products Regulation EU528 2012 This product should be used direct from the container without dilution Effective against Staphyloccus Aureus Streptococcus Uberis Escherichia Coli Pre milking gross debris should be removed before applying Protect Pre Post as a dip or spray Provides enhanced cleaning with surfactants Highly visible orange colour Provides skin care through Humectants and Emollients Passes EN1656 Repels insects Excess liquid should be removed with a dry paper towel Can be applied by spray dip or foam cups Protect Film A ready to use teat dip or spray disinfectant for use Post milking Effective against Staphyloccus Aureus Streptococcus Uberis Escherichia Coli Provides disinfection through Chlorhexidine and Lactic Acid as listed in Article 95 of the Biocidal Products Regulation EU528 2012 This product should be used direct from the container without dilution Post milking apply Protect Film as a dip or spray Provides skin care through Humectants and Emollients Repels insects Highly visible orange colour Forms a protective barrier Passes EN1656 Can be applied by spray or dip cups DairyHex A ready to use teat dip for use Pre Post milking Effective against Staphyloccus Aureus Streptococcus Uberis Escherichia Coli Provides disinfection through Chlorhexidine Gluconate as listed in Article 95 of the Biocidal Products Regulation EU528 2012 Provides skin care through Humectants Highly visible green colour Repels insects Passes EN1656 Can be applied by spray dip or foam cups This product should be used direct from the container without dilution Pre milking gross debris should be removed before applying DairyHex Excess liquid should be removed with a dry paper towel Post milking apply DairyHex as a dip or spray Useful Tips 1 After milking the teat ends should be examined for signs of damage 2 Managing cows to stay on their feet for a minimum of 30 minutes after applying the Post milking product allows time for the teat orifice to close and reduces the opportunity for infection 10

Fourtress Teat Disinfection Range Fourtress Teat Care What is it Dairy Pro Ultra Dip SA A ready to use teat dip for use Post milking Effective against Staphyloccus Aureus Streptococcus Uberis Escherichia Coli What does it do Provides disinfection through Lactic Acid as listed in Article 95 of the Biocidal Products Regulation EU528 2012 Provides skin care through Humectants Highly visible orange colour Contains Acid Salicylates Passes EN1656 Repels insects When to use This product should be used direct from the container without dilution Post milking apply Dairy Pro Ultra Dip SA as a dip Forms a protective barrier Can be applied by dip cups Udder Wipes A ready to use pre milking wipe Contains Lactic Acid Contains high levels of emollients Hygienically prepares and cleanses teats before milking Biodegradable wipe and liquid This product should be used as supplied Useful Tips 11 1 After milking the teat ends should be examined for signs of damage 2 Managing cows to stay on their feet for a minimum of 30 minutes after applying the Post milking product allows time for the teat orifice to close and reduces the opportunity for infection

Cleaning and Disinfection of Equipment The principals of cleaning remain the same whether the product in use is Chlorine free or Chlorinated Cleaning is the removal of milk deposits from all milk contact points internal pipework milk meters bulk milk tanks etc The purpose of cleaning and where appropriate disinfection is to reduce bacterial contamination Cleaning first removes milk residues left after milking and gives a significant reduction in micro organism population Disinfection is essential to finally reduce micro organism populations to a safe level Milk residues consist of fats and proteins and may contain bacteria This is an ideal environment for bacteria to multiply and grow Another residue that originates from both milk and hard water is scale such as Calcium Phosphate commonly known as Milkstone or Calcium Carbonate commonly known as water scale Scales may harbour and protect bacteria from disinfectants Cleaning should always be performed as soon as possible after each milking 12

Cleaning and Disinfection of Equipment considered 1 Mechanical Physical Action liquid has a scrubbing effect on surfaces scrubbing effect Sometimes old fashioned physical scrubbing to the exterior of the clusters is required 2 Heat also aid in the destruction of micro organisms Heat is useful to break up proteins but care is needed if the temperature is remove The result will not only be a harbourage for micro organisms it could f surfaces into subsequent milkings 3 Contact Time Eventually you might clean with just hot water but a very long contact time would be needed plus a lot of expensive thermal energy Using detergents at the right strength and temperature will reduce contact time 4 Potable Water clean with 5 Chemicals Detergents and Disinfectants Choosing the right chemical is essential you cannot clean with a disinfectant and you cannot disinfect with a detergent 13

Fourtress Parlour Hygiene Caustic Detergents Fourtress Cleaning Chemicals What is it Dairy CIP Dairy CIP is a sophisticated chlorine free liquid detergent ideal for automated dosing and giving quick dispersion into solution What does it do Dairy CIP is a caustic based detergent combined with antiscale deposition agents Caustic is usually the main daily use detergent to assist in the removal of milk residues It helps to loosen the residues and then holds them in suspension so that they are removed during rinsing When to use Dairy CIP is a daily use detergent In any operations where milk is heated or homogenised the formation of Milkstone is inevitable the presence of Chelating agents in Dairy CIP will help to dissolve these Chelating agents that help dissolve Milkstone and water scale regular use can reduce the need for periodic acidic cleans Dairy CIP Ultra Dairy Clean Plus Dairy CIP Ultra is a superior chlorine free liquid detergent ideal for automated dosing and giving quick dispersion into solution Dairy Clean Plus is a powder product Powders are a very concentrated form of detergent and so can be an economical proposition they are however more difficult to dose than liquids and automated dosing is very difficult Dairy CIP Ultra is a fortified caustic detergent combined with antiscale deposition agents Chelating agents that help dissolve Milkstone and water scale regular use can reduce the need for periodic acidic cleans In very hard water areas Dairy CIP Ultra should be the caustic detergent of choice for daily use Dairy Clean Plus combined with anti scale deposition agents Caustic reacts with fat to form soaps by a process called Saponification Soaps are a natural surfactant or wetting agent so as more fat is destroyed more wetting agent is produced to help with the clean Caustic also destroys proteins by the process of Hydrolysis heat will assist with this Caustic is usually the main daily use detergent to assist in the removal of milk residues It helps to loosen the residues and then holds them in suspension so that they are removed during rinsing In any operations where milk is heated or homogenised the formation of Milkstone is inevitable the presence of Chelating agents in Dairy CIP Ultra will help to dissolve these Useful Tips 1 To find out if you have hard water look in a kettle If there is grey scale you have hard water 2 Caustic and Acidic detergents must never be mixed This will result in a violent reaction that will damage equipment and can result in very severe burns to users 3 Dairy CIP must never be mixed with a Chlorinated detergent or disinfectant this will result in a very violent reaction and the production of corrosive hot liquid and vapours very serious burns can be caused 4 Use of Dairy CIP will reduce the frequency of acidic cleans 14

Fourtress Parlour Range Chlorinated Caustic Detergents Fourtress Cleaning Chemicals What is it Dairy Wash Dairy Wash Ultra Dairy Wash is a liquid detergent combining Caustic Sodium Hypochlorite and anti scale deposition chemicals Dairy Wash Ultra is a heavy duty chlorinated caustic detergent What does it do When to use The inclusion of Sodium Hypochlorite in a caustic detergent provides an additional means of removing soiling Sodium Hypochlorite is an oxidising agent it will assist greatly in the breakup of proteins especially when they have been heavily burnt on to a surface by heat or mechanical action Dairy Wash can be used daily in place of a simple caustic detergent but use of a chlorinated caustic detergent is not a replacement for the final disinfection stage Sodium Hypochlorite will destroy micro organisms but in cleaning as opposed to disinfection the Sodium Hypochlorite will be consumed by fats and proteins and will not be sufficient to provide disinfection unless a fresh solution is used after the main clean It combines Caustic and Sodium Hypochlorite to remove heavy milk soils Dairy Wash Ultra can be used in a hot or cold solution to assist with the removal of milk soils within milking machines and bulk tanks Useful Tips 15 1 Sodium Hypochlorite decays with age always rotate stocks of Chlorinated products to ensure maximum efficiency 2 Avoid over dosing Chlorinated detergents or using old stock this could result in the build up of Chlorate residues 3 Always ensure Chlorinated detergents are well rinsed poor rinsing can result in pitting corrosion of even good quality Stainless Steel 4 Neat Dairy Wash must never be mixed with neat Dairy CIP this will result in a very violent reaction and the production of corrosive hot liquid and vapours very serious burns can be caused 5 Dairy Wash must never be mixed with an Acidic detergent this will result in a very violent reaction and the production of Toxic Chlorine gas this can result in death

Fourtress Parlour Hygiene Acid Detergents Fourtress Cleaning Chemicals What is it What is it Descale Descale Ultra Acid Wash What does it do When to use Descale is a routine use acidic circulation detergent It contains Phosphoric Acid and wetting agents to ensure good contact with surfaces Acids dissolve scales such as Milkstone Calcium Phosphate and Water Scale Calcium Carbonate Acids are normally used to remove Milkstone Descale Ultra is a premium acidic circulation detergent It contains higher levels of acids than Descale plus addionional wetting agents As acids dissolve scales it is neutralised If insufficient acid is used the clean will not be effective Descale Ultra provides more acid so can provide a more economic and faster way to clean heavily scaled equipment Descale Ultra is ideal for deep cleaning equiptment Descale Ultra should also be the product of choice for cleaning any equipment that is used to heat milk In very hard water areas Descale Ultra should be used in preference to Descale Premium acidic circulation descaler Highly active Nitric and Phosphoric Acid dual based liquid Low foaming and quick rinsing Can be used as night wash solution Superior removal of Milkstone Suitable for use in milking machines and bulk tanks Economical in use Superior removal of water scale Useful Tips 1 Acid Detergent dissolve milkstone and water scale effectively 2 Acids will not remove fats and proteins for Caustic or Chlorinated Caustic detergents are needed 3 A robust cleaning routine will involve frequent Acid detergent and daily use of Alkaline or a chlorinated Caustic Detergent 4 Acidic and Caustic detergents must never be mixed This will result in a violent reaction that will damage equipment and can result in very severe burns to users 5 Acidic detergents must never be mixed with a Chlorinated detergent or disinfectant this will result in the production of Toxic Chlorine gas this can result in death 6 When using Descale and Descale Ultra users should check with drainage or environ mental authorities to see if there are any local consent levels for the discharge of Phosphates 16

Fourtress Parlour Hygiene Disinfectants Fourtress Chemicals What is it Cluster San 15 Cluster San 15 is a premium acidic disinfectant that contains 15 available Peracetic Acid What does it do Peracetic Acid destroys organic carbon based material by Oxidation When used after a detergent clean Cluster San 15 will oxidise and destroy the organic outer membranes of micro organisms and render them harmless Cluster San Cluster San is an equilibrium solution of Acetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide to give 5 Peracetic Acid Peracetic Acid destroys organic carbon based material by Oxidation it is far more effective than Sodium Hypochlorite and does not contain any Chlorates When used after a detergent clean Cluster San will oxidise and destroy the organic outer membranes of micro organisms and render them harmless Dairy Hypo 10 Dairy Hypo 10 is an alkaline solution of Sodium Hypochlorite The strength of Sodium Hypochlorite solutions is expressed as the equivalent amount of available Chlorine that could be produced The most concentrated solutions will be 14 15 available Chlorine but these show rapid early decay Sodium Hypochlorite destroys organic carbon based material by oxidation When used after a detergent clean Dairy Hypo 10 will oxidise and destroy the organic outer membranes of micro organisms and render them harmless When to use Cluster San 15 can be used as a terminal circulation disinfectant following cleaning with a suitable detergent followed by rinsing with potable water It can also be used to soak disinfect small items Dairy Hypo 10 can be used as a terminal circulation disinfectant but care must be taken to avoid taint and the build up of chlorate residues Dairy Hypo 10 can also be used to soak disinfect small items or as a final wash across parlour floors Dairy Hypo 10 is equivalent to 10 available Chlorine Useful Tips 17 1 Cluster San must always be dispensed with a suitable dosing pump 2 Never mix Cluster San with Dairy Hypo 10 this will produce a violent reaction and produce Toxic Chlorine gas death may result 3 Always stock rotate disinfectants to ensure maximum efficacy and always check use by dates

Cleaning Routines Chlorine Free Rou nes Am Wash Sunday Hot Detergent Monday Hot Detergent Tuesday Hot Detergent Wednesday Hot Detergent Thursday Hot Detergent Friday Hot Detergent Saturday Hot Descale Suggested Pm Wash Cold Descale Cold Descale Cold Descale Cold Descale Cold Descale Cold Descale Cold Descale Chlorine Detergent Rou nes Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Am Wash Hot Detergent Cold Detergent Hot Descale Hot Detergent Cold Detergent Hot Detergent Hot Descale Pm Wash Cold Descale Cold Detergent Cold Detergent Cold Descale Cold Detergent Cold Descale Cold Detergent Suggested Cold Circulation of Milking Equipment WASH 1 Wash outside of cluster and attach cluster to jetters Remove milk filter RINSE 2 Rinse plant with 10 15 litres of cold clean water per cluster unit CLEANING SOLUTION PREPARATION CLEANING RINSE DISINFECTION CHECK 3 Make up the cold cleaning solution using an approved caustic detergent at the recommended rate in cold water allowing 10 15 litres of water per cluster 4 Allow the first 5 7 litres of cleaning solution to run to waste and circulate the remainder of the solution for 8 10 minutes 5 Rinse plant with 10 15 litres of cold clean water per cluster 6 Disinfect the plant by circulating a solution of Peracetic Acid at the recommended usage rate and contact time allowing 10 15 litres of water per cluster 7 Ensure the milk lines are completely drained before milking 18

Acid Descaler Milkstone Removal WASH 1 Wash outside of cluster and attach cluster to jetters Remove milk filter RINSE 2 Rinse plant with 10 15 litres of cold or warm clean water per cluster unit CLEANING SOLUTION PREPARATION CLEANING 3 Make up the acid solution using an approved acid detergent at the recommended rate in hot water 75 C to 80 C allowing 10 15 litres of solution per cluster Note some acid detergents can be used cold with increased circulation time 4 For hot solution circulate for 8 10 minutes and then run to drain For cold solution circulate for 10 15 minutes and then run to drain RINSE 5 Rinse plant with 10 15 litres of cold clean water per cluster CHECK 6 Ensure the milk lines are completely drained before milking 19

Bulk Tank Cleaning The bulk tank has the longest contact time with milk therefore it is essential that the tank is well managed and thoroughly cleaned Bulk Tank Management Milk should be cooled within 30 minutes of milking to 4 C or less The plate cooler is an integral part of the cooling and bacteria control Adequate agitation during storage is required Bulk Tank Cleaning The bulk tank is washed hot after every collection therefore the milk collection day determines the Daily Weekly Cleaning Routine of the tank Due to hot water availability on farms bulk tank hot washes are often on alternative days to pipeline hot washes Useful Tips Typical volume of water required to wash a tank is calculated at 1 of the tank capacity 10 000 litre tank capacity 100 litres of water requirement Recommended Detergent minimum 500mls of Dairy Wash or Dairy Wash Ultra or 800mls of Dairy CIP Acid Detergent of 1 2 Litre of Descale Acid Wash or Descale Ultra 20

Product Range Summary 22

Products Teat Care DairyLac SA Ready to Use Pre Post Teat Contains Lactic Acid and Acid Salicylates Contains peppermint and Aloe Vera Fly repellent High level of emollients Product Code HDD45 25 HDD45 200 HDD45 1000 Product Code HDD44 25 HDD44 200 HDD44 1000 Product Code HDD40 25 HDD40 200 HDD40 1000 Protect Pre Post Ready to Use Pre Post Teat Contains Chlorhexidine and Lactic Acid Contains peppermint and Aloe Vera Fly repellent High level of emollients Protect Film Ready to Use Contains Chlorhexidine and Lactic Acid Contains peppermint and Aloe Vera Fly repellent Superior level of emollients Film forming product DairyHex Ready to Use Chlorhexidine product Pre Post Teat Contains Chlorhexidine Contains eucalyptus High level of emollients Fly repellent 22 Product Code HDD47 25 HDD47 200 HDD47 1000

DairyPro Ultra DairyPro Ultra DipDip SA Ready ReadytotoUse Use Post PostTeat TeatDip Treatment Contains and Acid Salicylates ContainsLactic LacticAcid Acid Contains Aloe Vera Containspeppermint peppermintand fly repellant Fly repellent Barrier forming dip with superior teat conditioning agents 25Kg Keg 200Kg Drum Product Code HDD46 25 HDD46 200 Product Code HDD43 25 HDD43 200 1000Kg IBC HDD46 1000 HDD43 1000 Udder wipes Ready to Use Post Teat Contain Lactic Acid Contain high levels of emollients Biodegradable wipes Product Code 1000 wipes HDD 400 Bucket 23

Products Parlour Hygiene Dairy CIP Chlorine Free Caustic Detergent A chlorine free liquid detergent containing Sodium Hydroxide and scale dissolving chelating agents Product Code 30Kg Keg 240Kg Drum 1250Kg IBC HDD2 30 HDD2 240 HDD2 1300 In use concentrations Milking Plant 0 8 1 litre 100 litres Bulk Tanks 0 8 1 litre 100 litres Dairy CIP Ultra Caustic Detergent A superior chlorine free liquid detergent containing Sodium Hydroxide and scale dissolving chelating agents Product Code 30Kg Keg 240Kg Drum 1250Kg IBC HDD2 30 HDD2 240 HDD2 1300 In use concentrations Milking Plant 0 8 1 litre 100 litres Bulk Tanks 0 8 1 litre 100 litres Dairy Clean Plus Caustic Detergent Concentrated powder detergent suitable for daily use to remove milk residues In use concentrations 24 Product Code HDD1 20 20Kg Bucket Cold Wash 500g 100 litres Hot Wash 500g 100 litres

Dairy Wash Chlorinated Detergent A combination of Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Hypochlorite to provide enhanced cleaning Product Code HDD20 30 HDD20 240 HDD20 1000 In use concentrations Cold Wash 1 litre 100 litres Hot Wash 0 5 litre 100 litres Bulk Tanks 0 5 litre 100 litres Dairy Wash Ultra Heavy duty chlorinated caustic detergent A combination of caustic and Sodium Hypochlorite to remove milk soils Product Code HDD 21 30 HDD21 240 HDD21 1000 In use concentrations Cold Wash 1 litre 100 litres Hot Wash 0 5 litre 100 litres Bulk Tanks 0 5 litre 100 litres Descale Acid Detergent Low foam high wetting routine acidic circulation descaler In use concentrations Product Code 30Kg Keg 230Kg Drum 1250Kg IBC HDD30 30 HDD30 230 HDD30 1250 30Kg Keg HDD31 30 230Kg Drum HDD31 230 1250Kg IBC HDD31 1250 30Kg Keg HDD32 30 230Kg Drum HDD32 230 1250Kg IBC HDD32 1250 Make up solution 2 litres 100 litres Descale Ultra Acid Detergent High strength low foam high wetting routine acidic circulation descaler Product Code In use concentrations Make up solution 2 litres 100 litres Acid Wash Acid Detergent Low foaming quick rinsing acidic circulation descaler Product Code In use concentrations Hot Wash 1 5 litre 100 litres Heavy Scaling 4 litres 100 litres 25

Cluster San Disinfectant An equilibrium solution of Acetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide to give 5 Peracetic Acid for use as a terminal circulation or soak disinfectant In use concentrations Product Code HDD11 25 HDD11 200 HDD11 1000 Disinfection 200 400ml 100 litres Cluster Dipping 300ml 100 litres Cluster San 15 Premium Disinfectant An equilibrium solution of Acetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide to give 15 Peracetic Acid for use as a terminal circulation or soak disinfectant In use concentrations Product Code HDD12 25 HDD12 200 HDD12 1000 Disinfection 70 140ml 100 litres Cluster dipping 100ml 100 litres Dairy Hypo 10 FOURTRESS D FOURTRESS Cluster Dipping Dairy Hypo 10 may be used for cluster dipping at 500ml per 100 litres of clean water 0 5 acidic 6 months 5 D al 1 00 Cluster Dipping Dairy Hypo 10 may be used for cluster dipping at 500ml per 100 litres of clean water 0 5 acidic 6 months 5 al 1 00 Disinfectant Solution of 10 available Chlorine suitable for use as a terminal circulation or soak disinfectant In use concentrations HDD10 25 HDD10 200 HDD10 1000 Disinfection 200 400ml 100 litres Fourtress Chemical Compatibility Fourtress chemical labels are colour coded for safety This helps prevent mixing of incompatible neat chemicals Store incompatible chemicals separately in the original containers away from animals and children 26 Product Code Colour Reaction Red Acids Mixing with Blue will cause violent chemical reactions Mixing with Yellow will produce Toxic Chlorine gas Blue Caustics Mixing with Red will cause violent reactions Yellow Chlorinated Mixing with Red will produce Toxic Chlorine gas Mixing with Blue will cause violent chemical reactions Green Teat Care Mixing with Yellow will produce Toxic Chlorine gas Mixing with Blue will cause violent chemical reactions

Dairy Direct Ltd Kilmanagh Kilkenny Ireland R95 V050 Office 0818303081 Email info dairydirect ie W www dairydirect ie Fourtress Dairy Hygiene Ltd Bury Lancashire BL9 0DZ Office 0161 394 1887 Sales 0161 394 1866 Email info fourtress co uk www fourtress co uk