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FOREWORDELEVATORWORLD,theNationalElevatorIndustry,Inc.(A/E//®)andthemembersoftheA/E//®FieldEmployeeSafetyCommitteeassumenoresponsibilityforeithersafetycondi-tionsorcompliancewithlegalrequirementsatanyparticularjobsite.ThesafetypracticesandproceduresspelledoutwithinthisElevatorIndustryFieldEmployees’SafetyHandbookarebaseduponexperiencesoffieldpersonnelandresearchconductedbymanysafetyspecialists.Thesepracticesandproceduresarenotonlyprecautionstoeliminatehazards,preventincidentsandavoidinjuries;theyarealsotherecom-mendedmethodsbywhichtocarryoutandcompleteajobsafely.Thishandbookshouldbecarriedandconsultedinorderfor“safety”tobecomea“wayoflife”oneveryconstructionormaintenancejob.Becauseelevatorandescalatorcompo-nentsvaryfromcompanytocompany,andbecauseuniqueorunusualjobsiteconditionsmayexist,itisnotpossibleforahandbookongeneralsafetymethodsandpracticestodealwitheverypossiblehazardwhichmaybepresentateveryjobsite.Forthatreason,eachuserofthishandbookmustcare-fullyobservethesafetyconditionsateachjobsitetomakecertaintherearenoconditionswhichwouldrequiresafetyprecautionsbeyondthosedescribedinthishandbook.Althoughitdoesnotpurporttoencompassoroverridethelawsorregulationsofanygovernmentbody,however,changesinlaw,regulationsand/orinterpretationsmayinvalidatecer-tainportions.ItistheresponsibilityoftheemployertobefamiliarwithallappropriateStateandFederalregulations.WrittenandeditedbytheA/E//®SafetyCommitteeincoopera-tionwithElevatorWorld,Inc.PublishedbyandavailablefromElevatorWorld,Inc.,P.O.Box6507,Mobile,Alabama36660.Thishandbookisalsoavailableonlineathttp://safety.elevatorworld.com.Revisionsarekeptcurrentonline.©Copyright2020.AllrightsreservedbyElevatorWorld,Inc.2020SafetyHandbook1

PREFACEThisHandbookisdesignedasaresourceforsafetyinforma-tionandwrittenprocessesthatelevatorindustryfieldemployeesshallusetohelppreventinjuriesandillnessesresultingfromunsafeactsandconditionsfoundintheelevatorindustry.AneweditionoftheHandbookispublishedeveryfiveyears;however,thecontentisreviewedregularly,andupdatesaremadeasengineering,codeandmanufacturerchangesoccurthatmayimpactindustryworkpracticesandprocedures.TheintentofthisHandbookistopromoteelevatorindustryjobsitesafetythroughadherencetostandardworkpractices,aswellasOSHAandelevatorindustrysafetystandardsthatincludenine(9)“SafetyAbsolutes”Thesesafetystandardsaretobeviewedastheminimumneededtobedeployedbyindustrymembersandentities,aswellasthoseothertradesthatworkalongsideus.DirectionstofieldpersonnelastheyimpactthegeneralpublicareincidentaltothepurposeofthisHandbook,andthereforeshouldnotbeconstruedtobecom-pleteastotheproperwaytosafeguardthepublic.ThisHand-bookisalsonotintendedtobeusedasaguide,standardorcodeontheinstallation,repairorservicingofbuildings’verticalorhorizontaltransportationsystems.Theelevatorindustrycanbeaninherentlydangeroustradeunlesscertainsafeworkpracticesareimplemented.Theseworkpracticesshouldbefollowedbyallcompaniesregardlessoftheirsizeoraffiliation.TheNEII,NAECandNAESASafetyCommitteeshaverecognizedandendorsedthattherearenine(9)safetyabsolutes(orpractices)criticaltotheestablishmentofasafeworkingenvironment,andassuch,havedesignatedthemastheminimumsafetystandardstobeadheredtowithinourindustry.ElevatorIndustryNine(9)SafetyAbsolutesAre:1).FallProtectionRefertoSection4.022020SafetyHandbook

2).ElectricalSafeWorkPracticesRefertoSection5.13).JumpersRefertoSection6.14).LockoutTagout(LOTO)RefertoSection7.15).MechanicalStoredEnergyRefertoSection7.16).CarTopAccess/EgressRefertoSection8.17).PitAccess/EgressRefertoSection8.28).FalsecarandRunningandWorkingPlatformsRefertoSection11.09).HoistingandRiggingRefertoSection12.3Theabovenine(9)safetyabsolutesareprocessesallelevatorcompaniesshouldworkwithinonadailybasis.ThisHandbookisintendedtoaugmentacompany’ssafetypro-gram(policy)andisNOTintendedtobeusedasacompletecompanysafetyprogram.However,theHandbookwillallowuserstobetterunderstandthesafetyprocesses(steps)tobetakenthatwillallowsafeworkpracticestobeimplementedandexecutedinthefieldonadailybasis.Allelevatorindustryemployeesneedtofamiliarizethem-selveswiththecontentsofthisHandbook.Thesafetyproce-duresthereinapplytoALLproperlytrainedpersonsworkingonelevator,escalator,movingwalk,materialliftanddumb-waiterequipmentwhoaredirectlyemployedbyelevatorcom-panies,inspectioncompanies,consultantsandAHJ’s.Wethankyouforyoursafetyvigilance,supportandco-operationinmakingtheelevatorindustrythesafestindustryinthecountry.2020SafetyHandbook3

NEII®FIELDEMPLOYEESAFETYCOMMITTEEjjjjfJune2018mVicePresidentofEHSKONEAmericasVPCodes&SafetyNationalElevatorIndustry,Inc.(NEII®)SafetyManager,TechnicalComplianceSchindlerElevatorCorporationEnvironmentalHealth&SafetyOtisElevatorCompanyManager,QualityAssurance&FieldDevelopmentMitsubishiElectricU.S.,Inc.DirectorofSafetythyssenkruppElevatorCorporationNationalSafetyCoordinatorFujitecAmerica,Inc.SafetyManagerMEITotalElevatorSolutionsEnvironmentalHealth&SafetyTEIGroupInc.LiaisonfromtheNationalElevatorIndustryEducationProgram(NEIEP)LiaisonfromtheNationalAssociationofElevatorContractors(NAEC)LiaisonfromElevatorWorld,Inc.42020SafetyHandbook

TABLEOFCONTENTSSection1-GeneralSafety1.1EmployeeResponsibilities1.2AdditionalSafetyResponsibilitiesoftheMechanic/Mechanic-in-Charge1.3EmergencyEvacuationProcedures... .Section2-SafetyInspections2.1NeedforRoutineSafetyInspections.. .2.2InspectingforHazards2.3Pre-startupSafetySurveySection3-PersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE). . . .233.1ProperClothing3.2EyeandFaceProtection3.3OccupationalHeadProtection. . .3.4OccupationalFootProtection....3.5HearingProtection3.6PersonalFallArrestEquipment..3.7HandProtection(Gloves)3.8RespiratoryProtectionSection4-FallProtection4.1PersonalFall-ArrestSystem4.2GuardrailSystems4.3Escalator/MovingWalkBarricades4.4ElevatorMaintenanceBarricadesSection5-ElectricalSafety5.1GeneralPrecautions5.2MeterUsageSafetyChecklist...5.3EnergizedCircuitTroubleshootingChecklist. ..44Section6-ProperUseofJumpers6.1MaintenanceandTroubleshooting.. .6.2ModernizationandNewConstruction6.3DoorBypassProcedureSection7-LockoutandTagout7.1Procedures99141617171719232426262727282830303439404141434647484950502020SafetyHandbook5

7.2Supervisory/EmergencyRemovalofLockout/Tagout7.3Lockout/TagoutProceduresforEscalatorsandMovingWalks7.4MRLCarMovementLockingDevicesSection8-HoistwaysandMachineRooms8.1HoistwayAccessSafety(CarTopAccess/Egress)..578.2PitSafety(PitAccess/Egress)8.3HoistwayScreening8.4OverheadProtection8.5MachineRoomSafetySection9-Tools545555576268697071HandToolsPortableElectricToolsandLightsPowderActuatedToolsSection10-PortableLadders/Scaffolds/StationaryWorkPlatforms10.1Scaffolds/StationaryWorkPlatforms10.2PortableLaddersSection11-MovingWorkPlatformsRunningPlatforms11.2TemporaryCars11.3FalseCarsandOtherDevicesUsedintheHoistwaySection12-MaterialHandling12.1ManualHandlingLiftingofMaterial12.2RampingandBlockingofMaterial12.3HoistingandRigging12.4WireRopeFastenings12.5ChainHoists12.612.712.89.1719.2729.3747575767911.1798080868690909697SlingsandHitchesCrosbyLiftingGuideSyntheticWebbingSlings-Selection,UseandMaintenance979812062020SafetyHandbook

12.9BeamClamps12.10ManilaRope12.11SyntheticRope12.12KnotsareWeakSection13-Welding,CuttingandSoldering. .13.1GeneralPrecautions13.2Acetylene,OxygenandOtherPressurizedFuelCylinders13.3SolderingSection14-HazardCommunications(HAZCOM)14.1WorkingWithChemicals14.2OilsandGrease14.3Cleaners14.4Babbitting14.5Painting14.6Welding14.7Asbestos14.8FlammableLiquidsandSolvents14.9CarbonDust14.10SulfuricAcidTypeBatteries14.11RadioFrequency(RF)Awareness14.12SilicaDustSection15-InclinedElevatorsSection16-EscalatorsandMovingWalksSection17-DumbwaitersSection18-ServiceandRepairPPEHazardAssessmentNEIIFormSC0118.1Instructions18.2Overview18.3General18.4FootandLegProtection18.5HeadProtection18.6HearingProtection18.7EyeandFaceProtection18.8RespiratoryProtection1241281281291351351371381391391411421431441451451461471471491501511521551571571571571581581581591592020SafetyHandbook7

18.9PersonalFallArrestSystem. . . .18.10HandProtection18.11OSHARegulations18.12AssessingWorkplaceHazards.18.13TrainingSection19-DrivingandVehicleSafety19.1RecognizingHazards19.2Alcohol/DrugUse19.3SafetyBeltsAreforEveryone. .19.4VehicleMaintenance19.5CommunicationDevicesSection20-SubstanceAbuseSection21-GlossaryofTermsSection22-Appendices22.1MetricConversion22.2Electrical22.3Timber,BeamsandPlanks. . . .159160160160161165165165165166166167168174174180182Index18682020SafetyHandbook

Section1GENERALSAFETY1.1EmployeeResponsibilitiesYoushallfamiliarizeyourselfwiththesafetyproceduresout-linedthroughoutthissafetyhandbook.Thefollowingsafetyrulesshallreceivespecialattentionandarenotnecessarilyallinclusive:(a)Inalloperations,whenremovingormovinganycompo-nentorequipment,makesurethattheeffectofthatactivityontheentireelevatororescalatorsystemistakenintoconsideration.(b)Employeesshallnotworkwhentheirabilityoralertnessisimpairedbyanythingthatmightexposetheemployeeorotherstoinjuryincludingbutnotlimitedto:fatigue;intoxicatingbeverages;illegalorprescriptionorover-thecountermedication;anysubstancethatcanimpairyourphysical,mentaloremotionalstate.(Section20)(c)Practicaljokes,horseplay,throwingoftoolsorfightingonthejobareforbiddenandcanresultindisciplinaryaction.(d)Weapons,explosivesandillegalsubstancesonthejobareforbidden.(e)Mechanicsarrivingatalocationtoperformserviceorrepairsshallalerttheownerorbuildingmanagementandresident/routemechanicandplaceCompany-approvedsignsonasingleunitlandingcallbuttonsbeforeanyworkbegins.(Buildingmanagementmayrequiresignatureinlog.)(f)Securetheequipment(elevators,escalators,dumbwaiters,movingwalks,platformliftsandchairlifts)fromtheridingpublicwhenperforminganyadjustmentsorwork.Ensurenooneisinthecar,closethedoorsandpreventthedoorsfromoperatingwhileworkingontheelevator.(g)Beforeworkingonequipment,“tuck”loose-fittingclothingandconfinelonghair.Removealljewelry.2020SafetyHandbook9

(h)Whenunexpectedmovementoftheequipmentpresentsasafetyhazardwhileperformingtasksonanypartsthatmove,theequipmentshallbemadeinoperativebyuseoflockoutandtagout.SeeLockoutandTagoutProcedure,Section7(i)Theuseofpersonalentertainmentdevices(radios,wearingearphoneorearbuds,etc.)areprohibitedonalljobsites.(j)Communicationdevices,suchasmobilephones,two-wayradios,etc.,shouldbeusedwithcautioninthehoistway,ontopofthecar,onafalsecarand/orrunningplatform,inthemachineroom,andaroundmachinesand/orcontrollers.(k)Iftwo-wayradiosareused,ensureyourcommunicationchannelsareclearsotheyarenotinterferedwithbyothertrades.Clearcommunicationsarerequired.Allverbalcommandsshallberepeatedbythereceivingpartyandreconfirmedbythedirectingparty.Beawareofpotentialdelaysincommunicationswhenusingcer-taincommunicationdevices.(L)Donotweartoolbeltsorcarrytoolsinpockets.(m)Keeptheworkareaclean.NotifytheGeneralContractororBuildingManagerofproblemsincommonareas.(n)Neverusewipingclothsonornearmovingand/orrotat-ingequipment.(o)Oilyorchemicallysoakedragsshallbekeptincompany-approvedcontainers,removedfromthejobsiteperiodi-callyanddisposedofproperly.(p)Ifyouarerequiredtocleanthepit,cartop,machineroomfloororotherapparatus,takeprecautionstoavoidlacerationsorpuncturesfromsharpobjectsbywearingsuitableworkglovesandusingabroomandshovel,ordustpan,topickupdebris.(q)Removeorbendallprotrudingnails.(r)Workareas,ramps,runways,corridors,stairwells,offices,shopsandstorageareasmustbewell-lit.NotifytheresponsiblepartyandyourSuperintendent/Manageriflightingisinadequate.102020SafetyHandbook

(s)Donotworkwithoutadequatelight.Ifthereisinadequatelight,useagroundedportablelightwithasuitable,non-conductiveorgroundedlampguardandreflector.(t)Donotwalkupordownstairwayswithhandsinpockets.Neverrunonstairs.Handrailsmustbeprovidedandused.Fillerboardsshallbeinplaceonunfinishedstairs.Bealertfortrippinghazards,especiallyifcarryingtoolsormaterials.(u)Donotrunextensioncordsinstairwellsiftheywillcauseatrippinghazard.(v)Open-flameheatersshallnotbeusedforspaceheatingofshanties,machineroomsorpitsunlessproperandapprovedventingisprovidedandlocalcodesareadheredto.(w)Whenuncoilingrope,cableorwire,donotstandwithinthecoil.(x)Neverslide,swingorclimboncables,ropesorguiderails.(y)Neverdropobjectsdownthehoistway.Aropeshallbeusedtosafelylowerobjects.(z)Observeandobeyallsafetysigns.Everysignservesapurpose.Theyareforyoursafetyandthesafetyofothers.Ifasignisnolongernecessary,itshallberemoved.(aa)Administerfirstaidonlyifyouhavebeentrainedtodoso,andneverexceedyourleveloftraining.(ab)Donotcleanupspilledbodyfluids(blood,vomit,etc.)ormaterialwithbodyfluidsunlessyouhavereceivedtheappropriatetrainingandvaccinationsasrequiredbyOSHA’sBloodbornePathogenStandard(29CFR1910.1030),oranyapplicablelocalregulations.Ifyouhavereceivedtrainingandhavebeenofferedtheapplica-blevaccinationsandpersonalprotectiveequipment,thenassumecontaminationinhandlinganybodyfluidsormaterialpotentiallycontaminatedwithbodyfluids.AllcleanupactivitiesshallbeconductedinaccordancewithyourcompanyExposureControlPlan.Ifyouhavebeenaccidentallyexposedtobodyfluidsthatmaycontainblood-bornepathogens,contactyourapplicablecompanymedicalproviderassoonaspossible.2020SafetyHandbook11

(ac)ReporteveryinjurytoyourSupervisorimmediately(nomatterhowtrivial)inaccordancewithcompanypolicyandprocedure.(ad)Theemployeeshallknowthehazardsandsafe-useproceduresassociatedwiththematerialsand/orchemi-calstheemployeeisusing.ThisinformationisavailableontheSafetyDataSheets(SDS)providedbytheCompany.SeeSection14HazardCommunicationsforadditionalinformation.Allmaterialsandchemicalsusedshallbecompany-approvedwithSDSs.Improperusecouldresultininjuryorillness.(ae)Someelevatorsmaybelocatednearoperationswithprocesshazardsorworkenvironmentsthatmaybepotentiallyhazardousinanemergency,oraspartofthecustomer’sday-to-dayoperation.Suchelevatorsmaybelocatedinpetrochemicalplants,oilrefineries,papermills,nuclearplantsandsimilarfacilities.Insuchfacili-tiestheelevatorpit/hoistwaymaybeclassifiedand/orlabeledasapermit-requiredconfinedspace.Donotenterthepit/hoistwayuntilyouhaveconsultedyourSuperintendent/Manager.(af)Onmodernization,whenremovingoldmaterialfromelevatorplatforms,makesurecounterbalanceisproperlyadjustedbeforeproceeding.(ag)Rotatingequipmentcanbedangerous.Beawareofyoursurroundingsandbepreparedfor“sudden”start-upoftheequipment.(SeeSection7)(ah)SafetytestsshallbeperformedinaccordancewiththeproceduresspecifiedintheASMEA17.2GuideforInspectionofElevators,EscalatorsandMovingWalks,(formerlyInspectorManualforElevators).(ai)Beforeequipmentisplacedbackinservice,besurealllocksandtagshavebeenremovedandaccountforanyjumpersused.Alldoorandsafetycircuitsshallbetestedtoensuretheyareoperating.122020SafetyHandbook

(aj)Beforeleavingthebuilding,ifthecarisreturnedtoser-vice,removeall“OutofService”signs.Checkoutwithbuildingmanagement.(ak)Donotrideorpermitanyoneelsetorideinorontopofthecarduringsafetyandbuffertests.(al)Donotallowothertradestoworkinthehoistwayaboveandbelowyou.(am)Neverlookatanelectricweldingarcwithoutpropereyeprotection.SeeSection3.2.(an)Neverworkinthehoistwaybelowweldingorcuttingoperations.(ao)Don’tworkinanareawhereagasolineengineisrun-ningunlessproperlyvented.Agasolineenginegivesoffdeadlycarbonmonoxidegas.(ap)Don’tworkinanareawherepropaneheatersareusedunlessproperlyvented.(aq)Neverleaveanopenhoistwaydoorunguarded.Beforeworkingonanelevatorwiththehoistwaydooropenplaceabarrierinfrontoftheentrance.SeeSection8.(ar)Ifyouhavetogetatsomethingthatishigherthanyoucanreach,usealadder.SeeSection10.Donotstandonoverturnedbuckets,crates,chairs,etc.(as)Becarefuloftrippingandheadbumpinghazards.(at)Nevercleanorlubricateropeswithahandheldrag.(au)Neverworkfromahoistwaydividerbeam.(av)Whereexposedtoimminentdanger,vacatetheareaimmediatelyandcontactyoursupervisor.(aw)Wheneveraccessingthehoistway,caborcartop,verifythattheelevatoristherepriortoaccess.Follow6inchruleSeeSection8.1.2020SafetyHandbook13

1.2AdditionalSafetyResponsibilitiesoftheMechanic/Mechanic-in-ChargeTheMechanic/Mechanic-In-Chargeistheprincipalinter-facewithCompanyManagementtoensurethattheworkisperformedinaccordancewiththecompanysafetypolicy.Inful-fillingthisresponsibility,theMechanic/Mechanic-In-Chargeshalltakeallpracticalstepstobesurethattheworkisperformedwithdueregardforsafety.Unsafeacts,unsafeconditions,accidentsorinjuriesshouldbereportedtoaSuperintendentorothermemberofmanagementimmediately.Tokeepopera-tionssafe,thefollowingaresomeexamplesoftheprinciplejobrequirementsoftheMechanic/Mechanic-In-Charge:(a)DeterminethattheirApprentice(s)/Helper(s)fullyunderstandthesafetyrequirementsandthattheyacceptresponsibilityforthesafetyofthemselves,theirfellowworkers,thejobsite,andequipment.(b)Ensurethatallequipment,workareas,andaccesstoworkareaswhereElevatorCompanyworkisper-formedareinspectedforanyunsafeconditionswhichcouldcauseinjuriesorpropertydamagebeforecom-mencementofwork.(c)TakestepstocorrectallunsafeconditionsorpracticesthatareunderthecontroloftheCompany.R-RecognizeHazardsE-EvaluateHazardsC-ControlHazards(d)Whenitistheresponsibilityofotherstocorrectunsafeconditions,notifythoseresponsible,(i.e.,BuildingOwner,ProjectManager,GeneralContractor)verballyand/orinwritingpercompanypolicy.AlsonotifyyourSuperintendent/Managerthatsuchunsafeconditionsexist.Avoidtheareauntilhazard(s)isremoved.(e)Wheneverunsafepracticesbyworkersofothertradesareobservedthatcouldaffectpersonalsafetyorpropertydamage,immediatelynotifyyoursupervisorandreportsuch142020SafetyHandbook

practices,verballyandinwriting,maintainingacopy,to:(1)theResponsiblepersonatthejobsiteand(2)theElevatorCompanySuperintendent/Manager.(f)Whenworkmustbeperformedormaterialsstoredinareasaccessibletothepublic,installproperbarricades,warningsigns,lights,etc.(g)Keepunauthorizedpersonsoutofareaswhereworkisbeingperformed,orwhereCompanymaterialisstored.(h)Besureallemployeesknowthehazardsofthetypeofworktobeperformed.(i)Donotworkorallowanyemployeetoworkwhentheirabilityoralertnessisimpairedbyfatigue,intoxicatingbeverages,illegalorprescriptiondrugs,oranyotherphysicalcausethatmightexposetheemployeeoroth-erstoinjuryandnotifyyourSuperintendent/Managerimmediately.(j)MaintaintheCompanyHazardCommunication(HAZCOM)programandSafetyDataSheets(SDSs)asrequired.(SeeSection14.)(k)Beforeleavingthejobsiteformeals,atquittingtime,orforanyotherreason,determinethewhereaboutsofeachpersononthecrew(s)presentonthejobsite.(L)NeverallowCompanyequipmenttobeloanedto,bor-rowedorusedbyanyoneotherthanCompanypersonnelunlessauthorizedbyyourSuperintendent/Manager.(m)Neverallownon-Companypersonnelornon-Companymaterialtobecarriedonfalsecarsorincompleteelevators,escalators,ormovingwalksunlessyourSuperintendent/Manager’sapprovalhasbeenobtained.(n)Makesurethatalltools,ladders,hoists,personalprotec-tiveequipment,etc.areinspectedfordefectspriortoeachuse.Tagdefectiveequipmentandremovefromuseandfromjobsite.Returnforrepairorreplacement.Maintaincompanylogwhenrequired.2020SafetyHandbook15

(o)ConductanddocumentjobsiteSafetyMeetings(ToolboxTalks)incompliancewithCompanypolicy.(p)Ensurethefollowingitemsarepostedasrequired:(1)OSHAmateriali.e.,Federal&Stateposters,includ-ingcopiesofanycitationsissuedatthatjobsite.(2)Locationoffirstaidstationandtelephoneformedicaltreatment,ambulance,firedepartmentandpoliceinaconspicuousplace.(3)Evacuation,fireandotheremergencyproceduresarepostedandmeetingareasoutsidebuildingsaredesignatedwhenevacuationisrequired.(q)Acompany-approvedfirst-aidkitshallbeoneveryjob(construction,modernizationandmajorrepair)andkitsshallbeperiodicallycheckedandrefilledasrequired.(r)Allemployeesareresponsiblefortheirownsafetyandthesafetyofco-workers.ReportviolationsoftheCompany’sSafetypoliciestoyourSupervisor/Manager.(s)NotifyyourSuperintendent/ManagerorSafetyDepartmentbeforeproceedingwithanyinspectionbylocal,stateorfederalgovernmentagency.1.3EmergencyEvacuationProcedures(a)Uponenteringanyjobsiteorbuildingfamiliarizeyour-selfwiththeemergencyexitrouteandevacuationpro-cedureestablishedbymanagementofthefacility.(b)Reactimmediatelyanddonotassumeanyalarmisfalseoratest.1.RemainCalm;2.Secureequipmenttoprotectthepublicifnecessary;3.Donotretrievetoolsorpersonalbelongings;and4.Proceedtothedesignatedassemblyarea.(c)Uponevacuationofthefacilityimmediatelycontactyoursupervisororbranchofficeforfurtherinstructionorfollowyourcompany’sdefinedsafetyprogram.162020SafetyHandbook

Section2SAFETYINSPECTIONS2.1NeedforRoutineSafetyInspectionsSafetyinspectionsareamustintheelevatorindustryandrequiredbyOSHAregulations.Suchinspectionsshallbeconductedperiodicallytoidentifyunsafeworkpracticesandconditionsthatcouldinjurecompanyemployeesand/ortheemployeesofothers.Reasonsfornormalinspectionsinclude,butarenotlimitedto:(a)Normalwearandtearonitemssuchasropes,slings,scaffoldplanks,handtoolsandPPE,etc.(b)Defects,damageandweatherconditions.(c)Changingconditionsandothertradesonsite.(d)Unsafeconditionscreatedbyothers.2.2InspectingforHazardsTheCompetentPersononthejobsitemustbeawareofallpotentialhazardsonthejobsiteandtakeimmediatecorrec-tiveaction.Thefollowingisalistofitemstoconsider:IsCompany-providedinformationpostedatjobsite(OSHA,emergencyphonenumbers,warningsigns,etc.)?Isthesitecleanandfreeofdebris?Arematerialsstoredorstackedneatlyandasafedistanceawayfromyourworkarea?AreCompany-approvedfirst-aidkitsonthejob?Aretheyperiodicallycheckedandrefilledasrequired?Areemergencyfirst-aidrespondersreadilyavailableorfirstaidtrainedpeopleonthejob?Isdrinkingwateravailableandcontainerplainlymarked?ArepersonnelproperlywearingCompany-approvedpersonalprotectiveequipmentwhenexposedtopossibledanger(i.e.,gloves,workboots/shoes,hardhats,safetyharnesses,safetyglasses,goggles,weldinghoods,etc.)?2020SafetyHandbook17

Arecompanyfireextinguishersinspectedmonthly,readilyaccessibleandannualmaintenancecertificatesup-to-date?Aregroundfaultcircuitinterrupters(GFCIs)availableandinproperuse?ArecopiesofyourCompany’sHazardCommunication(HAZCOM)ProgramandSDSsonthesite?Arehazardousmaterialsused(i.e.,weldingandcuttingequipment,etc.)storedproperly?Arerequiredlocksandtagsforlockingoutequipmentavailableandusedproperly?Areopendecks,scaffolds,planking,etc.,enclosedwithapprovedguardrailsandtoeboardsorareemployeesusingapprovedpersonalfall-arrestsystems?Areallelevatorhoistways,entrancesandescalatorwell-waysproperlybarricadedwithremovableguardrails?AreflooropeningscoveredorprotectedbyOSHAcom-pliantguardrails?Areallhandandpowertoolsinsafeconditionandgroundedordoubleinsulated?Aredefectivetoolsandequipmenttaggedwithcompany-approvedtagsandremovedfromuse?Ishoistingandriggingequipmentingoodconditionandproperlyrated?Ismaterialhandlingequipmentingoodconditionandproperlyrated?Areladdersandscaffoldingingoodconditionandbeingproperlyused?Arecompany-approvedwarningsignspostedwherenecessary?Doworkandcommonareashaveadequatelighting?Arethereanysitespecifichazardsi.e.,chemicalplants,refineries,etc.Aredisconnectsandcontrollersproperlylabeled?182020SafetyHandbook

Doesthepithaveadequateguards(i.e.,counterweightguards,etc.),covers,isdry,andistheresafeaccessandegress?2.3Pre-startupSafetySurveyAsafetysurveyshouldbeconductedonallconstruction,modernizationandmajorrepairprojectspriortostartingwork.Theresponsibilityforconductingapre-startupsurveyshallbedeterminedbythecompany.Thefollowingisasampleoftheitemsthatshouldbeincludedonapre-startupchecklist.2.3.1AsbestosCustomerhasidentifiedallareascontainingasbestosSamplinghasbeenconductedtoensuresafeatmospherePrecautionshavebeentakentoavoidasbestoscontain-ingmaterialEmployeeshavebeenproperlytrained,accordingtolevelofexposure2.3.2LeadPaintCustomerhasidentifiedallareascontainingleadpaintSamplinghasbeenconductedtoensuresafeatmospherePrecautionshavebeentakentoavoidleadpaintEmployeeshavebeenproperlytrained,dependingonlevelofexposure2.3.3DocumentRequirementsEEO,OSHA&StatePostersEmergencyphonenumbersidentified(i.e.fire,hospital)OSHA300logavailable(ifrequired)2.3.4ElectricalWiringlabeledandgroundedAdequatepowerprovidedinareaswhereneededHighvoltageadequatelyidentifiedandcoveredGroundFaultCircuitInterrupters(GFCI)available2020SafetyHandbook19

2.3.5FallProtectionTypeoffallprotectiontobeusedisidentifiedInspectedpriortoeachuseandreplacedasneeded.AnchorpointsidentifiedBarricadesinstalledproperlyperhandbook(removable)2.3.6FirePreventionFireextinguishersavailableCombustiblematerialisclearedfromworkareaswherehotworkispresent,suchasinpitormachineroomandotherworkareaswithinaradiusof35feet.Wood/paperproductsorrubbishnotinpitormachineroomSmoking/No-smokingareasidentified2.3.7FirstAidLocationoffirstaidstation(orkit)identifiedTrainedpersonnelidentifiedFirstAidKitisreplenishedasneeded.2.3.8GeneralEvaluatethelocationofworkbyothertradesanddetermineimpactEnsureemployeesarefamiliarwiththeemergencyplan2.3.9HazardCommunicationChemicalinventorylistContainersproperlylabeledSDSsarereadilyavailable2.3.10Hoisting&RiggingAPre-Liftmeetingisrecommendedtodiscusshazards,goals,tasks,communication,andotherapplicablesafeworkpractices.AdequateequipmentforjobEquipmentinspectedandcertifiedpermanufacturerrecommendationsCapacitiesidentified(equipmentandload),ensureequipmentwillmeetexpectedliftingrequirements202020SafetyHandbook

2.3.11HousekeepingGeneralconditionofworkareaWalkwaysclearRegularwastedisposalscheduleAdequatelightingPowercordsarenotcausingtrippinghazards2.3.12Ladders/StairwellsAccessstairwellshaveguardrailsinstalledStairwellsproperlylitServiceableladdersofsufficientheightareavailableExtensionladdershavesafetyfeetandextend3ft(914mm)abovelandingsInspectladderandremoveifdeemedunsafeLIEnsuretheladderissecuredorabarricadeisplacedtopreventtrafficfromdisplacingtheladderFollowallothersafeladderrequirementsSafeaccesstoworkareasprovided2.3.13MaterialHandlingEmployeesaretrainedtooperateforkliftssafelyandsuf-ficientequipmentisavailabletomovematerialsafely(forklifts,dollies,handcarts,etc.)EquipmentingoodworkingconditionStagingareaformaterialandequipmentidentified2.3.14ScaffoldsPersonmustbecertifiedtoerectscaffoldingLockingpinsinstalledEquippedwithbaseplatesTiedtothestructurewhenrequiredProperplanking,guardrailheights,crossbracing,footingsandotherscaffoldrequirements.EnsurecapacitymeetsrequirementsEmployeeswhoworkonthescaffoldmustbetrainedinuseInspectscaffoldbeforeeachworkshiftoranyoccurrencethatcouldaffectthestructuralintegrity2020SafetyHandbook21

2.3.15WeldingAdequateequipmentprovided(ifneeded)Ensureequipmentisingoodcondition;ifnot,replaceasneededAreaidentifiedforpropercylinderstorageAdequateshieldingisavailable(ifneeded)WellventilatedareaidentifiedforweldingEnsurecombustiblematerialisclearedwithinaradiusof35feetProperlyinspectedextinguisheravailable,andemployeesaretrainedinitsuseNoweldingpermittedinthepresenceofexplosiveatmo-spheres222020SafetyHandbook

Section3PERSONALPROTECTIVEEQUIPMENT(PPE)GeneralRequirementsEmployersshallensurethatpersonalprotectiveequip-ment(foreyes,face,head,andextremities),protectivecloth-ing,respiratorydevices,andprotectiveshields,areprovided,usedandmaintainedinasanitaryandreliablecondition.AllemployeesshallhavenecessaryOSHAcompliantper-sonalprotectiveequipmentwiththematalltimes.Employeesshallproperlymaintain,store,andinspectPPEeachtimebeforeusetoensurethatitisingoodworkingorderandreplaceasnecessary(ifdamagedorpermanufac-turers’recommendation).ToassistinevaluatingrequiredPPEforindividualjobsites,theJobHazardAssessmentFormistobeused.SeeSection18.Employee-OwnedEquipmentWhereemployeesprovidetheirownprotectiveequipment,theemployershallberesponsibletoassureitsadequacy,includingpropermaintenance,andsanitationofsuchequipment.3.1ProperClothing(a)Donotwearshorts,tanktopsortrouserswithcuffs.Long-sleeveshirtsarerecommended.(b)Wearclass-specificreflectivevestonjobsiteswheremandatedorrequiredbycompanypolicy.FollowcurrentANSI107standardsforreflectivevests.(c)Handtoolsandotherobjectsshallnotbeplacedinthepocketsoftrousersduetothepossibilityofsnaggingonmovingobjectsorcontactingenergizedequipment.(d)Fingerrings,loosejewelryandtornclothingarehazard-ousandshallnotbeworn.(e)Whenworkingaroundenergizedequipment,conductivejewelry,metal-framedglasses,andlargebeltbucklesshallberemovedorprotectedtopreventcontactinglivecomponents.2020SafetyHandbook23

(f)Personalprotectiveequipmentshallnotbetradedorexchangedunlesssanitized.(g)Oilfreeclothingshallbewornwhenperformingweldingorcuttingoperations.(h)Alwayswearappropriateclothingwhenwelding,grind-ing,cuttingorworkingaroundanopenflame.3.2EyeandFaceProtectionOSHAstandardsrequireemployerstoprovidesuitableeyeandfaceprotectionbasedonanticipatedhazards.(a)Typesofprotection(1)Safetyglasseswithsideprotection(usedformostsituations).(2)Goggles(usedwhendustorchemicalsplashhaz-ardsexist).(A)Welder’sGogglesUsedforgascuttingandweldingoperations.(Seefilterlenschartforpropershadeandnum-berinFigure3a.)(B)Welder’sShieldUsedforelectricarc-weldingwork.Lensshadecho-senasaboveandprotectedbyaclearcoverglass.(C)FaceShieldsShallbewornwhenentirefaceneedsprotection,(i.e.:flyingsparks;chemicalsplash;etc.)(b)Employeesshallweareyeandfaceprotectionequipmentwhenmachinesoroperationspresentpotentialeyeorfaceinjuryfromphysical,chemical,orradiantagents,(i.e.:grinding;drilling;chiseling;babbitting;welding;dustyandwindyatmosphere;etc.)(c)EyeandfaceprotectionshallmeettherequirementsspecifiedinAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,‘ANSIZ87.1-1989(R1998),PracticeforOccupationalandEducationalEyeandFaceProtection.”242020SafetyHandbook

(d)Eyeandfaceprotectionequipmentshallbekeptcleanandingoodrepair.Theuseofthistypeequipmentwithstructuraloropticaldefectsshallbeprohibited.(e)Protectionshallmeetthefollowingminimumrequire-ments:(1)Beadequateforthehazard.(2)Fitsnugly.(3)Notinterferewiththewearer’smovements.(4)Bedurable,easytoclean,andcapableofbeingdisinfected.(5)Bekeptingoodrepair.(f)Theusershallbeinstructedregardinganylimitationsorprecautionsindicatedbythemanufacturer.(g)Non-metalliceyeprotectionshallbewornwhileworkingonornearelectricalcircuitsorelectricalapparatus.Figure3aFilterlensshadenumbersforprotectionagainstRadiantEnergyShadeNumberWeldingOperationShieldedmetal-arcwelding1/16-,3/32-,1/8-,5/32-inchdiameterelectrodesGas-shieldedarcwelding(nonferrous)1/16-,3/32-,1/8-,5/32-inchdiameterelectrodesGas-shieldedarcwelding(ferrous)1/16-,3/32-,1/8-,5/32-inchdiameterelectrodesShieldedmetalarcwelding(ferrous)3/16-,7/32-,1/4-inchdiameterelectrodes5/16-,3/8-inchdiameterelectrodesAtomichydrogenweldingCarbon-arcweldingSolderingTorchbrazingLightcutting,upto1inchMediumcutting,1inchto6inchesHeavycutting,over6inchesGaswelding(light),upto1/8-inchGaswelding(medium),1/8-inchto1/2-inchGaswelding(heavy),over1/2-inch101112121410-141423or43or44or55or64or55or66or8^GeneralNote:1in.=25.4mm2020SafetyHandbook25

(h)Tinted(exceptyellow)andshadedeyeprotectionshallnotbewornindoorsexceptforweldingandcuttingoperations.(i)Contactlensesarenotrecommendedatwork.(j)Forprescriptionsafetyglasses,ensuretheprescriptionisincorporatedinitsdesign,ortheuserwearseyeprotectionthatcanbewornovertheprescriptionlenseswithoutdisturbingtheproperpositionoftheprescriptionlensesortheprotectivelenses.3.3OccupationalHeadProtectionOSHAstandardsrequireemployerstoprovidesuitableheadprotection.(a)Employeesworkinginareaswherethereisapossibledangerofheadinjuryfromimpact,fallingorflyingobjects,orfromelectricshockandburnsshallbepro-tectedbyhardhats.(b)Hardhatsaretobewornatalltimesduringallphasesofconstruction.Formodernizationandrepairtasksinthehoistway,hardhatsarerequired(unlessinafinishedcar).(c)Hardhatsshallbewornwiththesuspensionproperlyfitted.(d)Beforeusingyourhardhat,inspectitforcracks,etc.(e)Don’tstorehardhatwhereitisexposedtodirectsunlight.(f)Theapplicationofdecals,stickers,etc.isnotrecommendedunlessrequiredbythejobsiteGeneralContractor.Paintingofhardhatsisnotpermitted.3.4OccupationalFootProtectionEmployersshallassesstheiremployees’needsbasedonthetypeofworktheyperformtodetermine theproperworkshoe/bootforeachemployee.WorkshoespurchasedafterJune1,2006,shallmeetASTMF2412-05andASTMF2413-05.InadditionPersonalProtection-ProtectiveFootwearshallcon-formtothefollowingrequirements:262020SafetyHandbook

(a)Leatheruppers(b)Oilresistantsoles(c)Class75forimpactandcompressionprotection;whereprotectivetoecapsarerequired.(d)Employeesworkingaroundliveelectricalequipmentshallhaveelectricallyratedsoles(EHrating).3.5HearingProtectionOSHAstandardsrequireemployerstoprovidesuitablehearingprotection.Hearingprotectionwillbeprovidedandusedwheneveritisnotfeasibletoreducethenoiselevelsordurationofexposurebelow85dBonatime-weightedaverage.(a)Thereisnocurefornoise-inducedhearingloss.(b)Cleannon-disposableearplugsaftereachuse.(c)Earmuffsneedtomakeaperfectsealaroundtheeartobeeffective.(d)Forextremelynoisysituations,wearearplugsandearmuffs.Asaruleofthumbifyoumustraiseyourvoicetospeaktoothersatadistanceof5ft(1.5m)orless-hearingprotectionshouldbeworn.3.6PersonalFallArrestEquipmentOSHAstandardsrequireemployerstoprovidesuitablefallarrestequipment.(a)Personalfallarrestequipmentshallbewornandlan-yardsattachedtolifelinesatalltimeswhenworkingwherethereisthepotentialtofallmorethan6ft(1.8m)(unlesstheregulatoryauthorityrequires4ft.(1.2m)).(b)Personalfallarrestequipmentshallbeusedonlyforemployeesafeguarding.(c)Anylifeline,harness,anchor,orlanyardactuallysubjectedtoshockloading(disengages),asdistinguishedfromstaticloading,shallbeimmediatelyremovedfromserviceandshallnotbeusedagainforemployeesafeguarding.2020SafetyHandbook27

(d)Lifelinesshallbesecuredabovethepointofoperationtoananchorageorstructuralmembercapableofsupport-ingaminimumdeadweightof5,000lb(2268kg).(e)Eachemployeeistobeproperlytrainedontheproperuse,maintenanceandinspectionofpersonalfallarrestsystems.(f)Lanyardsshallbeattachedtolifelineorsuitableanchoragesuchthatanemployeecannotfreefallmorethan6ft(1.8m),exceedcalculatedforces,norcontactanylowerlevel.(g)SeeSection4onFallProtection.3.7HandProtection(Gloves)(a)Glovesshallbewornwhenpotentialhazardsexistthatcouldcauseinjuriestothehands,(i.e.:cuts;abrasions;burns;hazardouschemicalexposure;etc.).(b)Thecorrectgloveforthejobshouldbeutilized,suchasweldingglovesforweldingorchemicalresistantglovesforworkingwithhazardouschemicals.3.8RespiratoryProtectionIngeneral,elevator,industryworkenvironmentsdonotposeahealthriskfrombreathingcontaminatedair.However,ifrespiratoryprotectionisrequiredbyjobsiteconditionsorbuildingownerrequirements,contactyoursupervisorformoreinformationifneededTocontrolthoseoccupationaldiseasescausedbybreath-ingaircontaminatedwithharmfuldusts,fogs,fumes,mists,gases,smokes,sprays,orvapors,theprimaryobjectiveshallbetoeliminatetheatmosphericcontamination.Thisshallbeaccomplishedasfarasfeasiblebyacceptedengineeringcon-trolmeasures(forexample,enclosureorconfinementoftheoperation,generalandlocalventilation,andsubstitutionoflesstoxicmaterials).Wheneffectiveengineeringcontrolsarenotfeasible,appropriaterespiratorsshallbeusedortheareashallbecompletelyavoideddependingoncompanypolicy.282020SafetyHandbook

Ifapprovedbythecompany,NIOSHapproveddustres-pirators(non-sealing)canbeusedwithoutthefollowingrequirementsaslongastheemployeehasnoknownmedicalconditionwhichwouldputthematrisk(i.e.,heartcondition,respiratorydifficulties,etc.)andthemaskisdiscardedwhencontaminated.(a)Onlyphysicallyqualifiedemployeeswillbetrainedandauthorizedtouserespirators.Apre-authorizationandannualcertificationbyaphysicianwillberequiredandmaintained.(b)Anychangesinanemployees’healthorphysicalchar-acteristicswhichmayaffecttheirabilitytoweararespi-ratorshallbereportedtotheirsupervisorandwillbeevaluatedbyaphysician.(c)Onlyauthorizedandtrainedemployeesshalluserespi-rators.Thoseemployeesmayuseonlytherespiratorthattheyhavebeentrainedonandproperlyfittedtouse.Thetrainingisrequiredinitiallyandshallreoccurannu-ally.Thistrainingshallinclude:(1)Howtoselectthepropertypeofrespiratorand/orcartridge.(2)Howtoinspectandmaintaintherespirator.(3)Howandwhentousetherespirator.(4)Limitationsandcapabilitiesoftherespirator.(d)Beforeanemployeeisrequiredtouseanyrespirator,theemployeeshallbecleanshavenwheretherespiratormeetstheface,fittestedwiththesamemake,model,style,andsizeofrespiratorthatwillbeusedonthejob.Thefittestingisrequiredinitiallyandshallreoccurannually.2020SafetyHandbook29

Section4FALLPROTECTIONGeneralRequirementsFallprotectionisrequiredwhenaworkerisexposedtoafallhazard,whichexistswhenworktakesplacemorethan6ft.(1.8m)(unlesstheregulatoryauthorityrequires4ft.(1.2m))abovealowerlevelandanopeningmorethan12in.by12in.(305mmby305mm).Therearethreewaysofcontrollingfallhazards.Eliminationofthefallhazardshouldbethefirstconsideration.Thesecondconsiderationisaguardrailsystem,andthethirdisapersonalfallarrestsystem.4.1PersonalFall-ArrestSystemFigure4aFigure4b(nextpage)showstheattach-mentofthebodyharnessandshock-absorbinglanyardtothelifelinewhileworkinginthehoistway/wellway,andanexampleoftypicaltopanchorageofthelifelineisshowninFigure4a.(a)Onlycompany-approvedlifelines,shock-absorbinglanyardsandbodyharnessesshallbeused.(b)Allfallprotectioncomponentsshallbecompatible.(c)Lifelinesshallbeprotectedagainstbeingcutorabraded.Onlysyntheticorwireropeshallbeusedforlifelines.(d)Lifelinesshallbeinstalledbeforeworkinginthehoistway/wellwayandshallrunthefulllengthofthehoist(A'4|jWMgWWWSj77/7/j7,:7Pad,2Bean::-v7I1,,77,77\AD-RinqorCarabiner>ATypicalTopAnchorageofLifeline302020SafetyHandbook

Figure4bFull-BodyHarnessHOWDOYOUCALCULATIONTHETOTALFREEFALLandDECELERATIONDISTANCE±FreefallMax6ft.i©17.5ft6ft.*(B)DecelerationDistance42in.(F)0RequiredClearance-WithFallProtection3.5ft.*iiDorsalD-RingHeightHarnessStretchOn17.5ft.ElevatorIndustryFieldEmployeeSafetyHandbookstatesliftsoitcanvary(5ft.*SafetyFactor1ft.oTotalClearanceRequired2ft.*E17.5ftKFJ2020SafetyHandbook31

way/wellwayandbesoarrangedtopermittyingoffbeforeenteringthehoistway/wellway.Priortousethepersonalfall-arrestsystemshallbeapprovedbyaCompetentPerson.(e)Onlyoneworkerispermittedonaverticallifeline,andthatlifelineshallhaveabreakingstrengthgreaterthan5000lbs(2268kg)afterithasbeenattachedtotheanchoragepoint.(f)Shock-absorbinglanyardsshallbeanchoredtothelife-lineandshallbeaboveshoulderheightsothatanyfallshallnotexceed6ft(1.8m).Whendeterminingfallheightsbesuretouseproperfallclearancedistances(refertofigure4b).Lanyardsshallbeconnectedtoaverticallifelinebymeansofaropegrab;thelanyardshallnotbeattacheddirectlytothelifeline.(g)Lifelines,harnessesandshock-absorbinglanyardssub-jectedtoimpactloadingshallbeimmediatelyremovedfromservice.Theyshallbeeliminatedanddestroyedforemployeesafeguarding.(h)Tyingtothehoistlineisprohibited.Properropegrabshallbeused.(i)Fallprotectionshallbeusedontopofacompletedelevatorcarwherethereisafallhazardandthecarissecuredfrommovement.(j)Onacompletedcarsecuredfrommovement,tieoffwhenexposedtoafallhazard.Donotpositionyourselfwherethereisfallhazard.(k)Replacepersonalfallprotectionequipmentatintervalsrecommendedbythemanufacturer.(L)Beforeusingabodyharness,shock-absorbinglanyardandlifeline,inspectthemcarefullyeachtimeforsignsofwearordamage.322020SafetyHandbook

4.1.1InspectionandMaintenanceChecklistTomaintainservicelifeandhighperformance,personalfallarrestsystemsshallbeinspectedbeforeeachuse.Replacethepersonalfallarrestsystemifanydefectivecondi-tionsarefound.(a)Webbing.Graspthewebbingwithyourhands6in.(150mm)to8in.(200mm)apart.Bendthewebbinginaninverted“U’.’Theresultingsurfacetensionmakesdam-agedfibersorcutseasiertosee.Followthisproceduretheentirelengthofthewebbing,inspectingbothsidesofeachstrap.Watchforfrayededges,brokenfibers,pulledstitches,cuts,burnsandchemicaldamage.(b)D-Rings/BackPads.CheckD-ringsfordistortion,cracks,breaks,androughorsharpedges.TheD-ringshouldpivotfreely.D-ringbackpadsshouldalsobeinspectedfordamage.(c)AttachmentofBuckles.AttachmentsofbucklesandD-ringsshouldbegivenspecialattention.Noteanyunusualwearfrayedorcutfibersordistortionthebuck-lesorD-rings.(d)Tongue/Grommets.Thetonguereceivesheavywearfromrepeatedbucklingandunbuckling.Inspectforloose,distortedorbrokengrommets.Webbingshallnothaveadditionalpunchedholes.(e)TongueBuckle.Buckletonguesshallbefreeofdistor-tioninshapeandmotion.Theyshouldoverlapthebuckleframeandmovefreelybackandforthintheirsocket.Therollershallturnfreelyontheframe.Checkfordistortion,sharpedgesorgripfailure.(f)FrictionandMatingBuckles.Inspectthebucklefordistortion.Theouterbarsandcenterbarsmustbestraight.Payspecialattentiontocornersandattachmentpointsofthecenterbar.VisualIndicationsofDamagetoWebbingandRope.Thefollowingindicationsrefertonylonandpolyesterwebbing:2020SafetyHandbook33

(a)Heat.Inexcessiveheat,webbingbecomesbrittleandhasashriveledbrownishappearance.Fiberswillbreakwhenflexed.Harnessesmadeofthesematerialsshouldnotbeusedattemperaturesabove180degreesFahrenheit.(b)Chemical.Changesincolorusuallyappearingasabrownishsmearorsmudge.Transversecracksappearwhenbentoveramandrel.Lossofelasticity.(c)MoltenMetalorFlame.Webbingstrandsfusetogether.Hardshinyspotsappear.Hardandbrittlefeel.(d)PaintandSolvents.Paintthatpenetratesanddriesrestrictsmovementoffibers.Dryingagentsandsolventsinsomepaintscausechemicaldamage.4.2GuardrailSystemsGeneralOSHAcompliantguardrailsystemsforcartops,openhoistwaysorescalatorwellwaysshallhaveatoprail42in.±3in.(1067mm±76mm)high,withamid-rail21in.(533mm)highatcenterlineandtoeboards.3-1/2in.(90mm)high,withnogreaterthan8ft(2.4m)betweenuprightsandshallbecapableofsustainingaforceequalto200lbs(890N)atthetoprail,150lbs(667N)atthemidrail,and50lbs(222N)atthetoeboard.When200Ibf(890N)isapplied,thetoprailshallnotdeflectlowerthan39in.(991mm)(SeeFiguresc,dande)(a)OSHAcompliantremovableguardrailsystemswithtoe-boardsshallbeinstalledatelevatorhoistwaysorescala-torwellwaystypicallybytheGeneralContractor,aftereitherroughorfinishedfloorsareinplace.(b)Signsshallbeinstalledwarningagainstremoval.Itisalsorecommendedthatasignindicate“Caution:WorkersinHoistway.”342020SafetyHandbook

(c)Afterhoistwaysareenclosed,andbeforepermanentdoorsareinstalled,openingsshallbeprotectedbyremov-ableguardrailsystems(includingtoeboards).(d)Ifitisnecessarytoremovetheguardrails,besuretoreplacethembeforeleavingthearea.Whenaguardrailisremovedtoperformajob,apersonalfall-arrestsystemmustbeutilizedwhenafallhazardispresent.(e)Wire-ropeguardrailsystemsarenotrecommendedforguardinghoistways.Whereused,postspacingshallnotbegreaterthan8ft(2.4m)andtheyshallnotdeflecttoaheightlessthan39in.abovethewalking/workinglevelwhenaforceof200Ibf(890N)isapplied.Warningflagsshallbeattachedevery6ft(1.8m),toeboardsshallbeprovidedandtheymustbeeasilyremovableforaccesstothehoistwayattheterminallandings.(f)Ifguardrailsarenotproperlymaintainedinplace,notifyyourSuperintendent/ManagerandtheGeneralContractorimmediately.(g)Onnewinstallation,modernization,ormajorrepairjobswherethegeneralpublicispresent,solidbarricadesatleast8ft(2.4m)highshallbeusedtofullyenclosetheworkareas,openhoistwaysandescalatorwellways.Theyshallbeproperlysecuredtoavoidunauthorizedaccess.(h)Somecartopsareequippedwithguardrailsystems.Neverclimboverorstandonguardrails.Beawareofpinchhazardsandtheriskofbeingcaughtbetweenaguardrailandhoistwayequipment.NOTE:ThemethodsshowninFigures4dand4earerecommendedasameansofprovidingmaximumpro-tectionandflexibilityduringconstruction.Donotuseduringmodernizationormajorrepairjobswherethegeneralpublicispresent-useonlysolidbarricades.2020SafetyHandbook35

Figure4cOSHAcompliantcartopguardrailsystem362020SafetyHandbook

Figure4dSUGGESTEDGUARDRAILSYSTEMSSONOTREMOVE2x2x4XA2“2x4AX2x4cvjXc\jNOTE:Guardrailslocated12"infrontofhoistway/escalatorwellwaysopen-ingandflushwithsidewalls.Onepartshouldberemovableforaccess.Ix?AX42xwCauti°n^kersj,2x43-C\Jx^rM’x.C\JA2"2x4\j<9'x4Guardrailsforsinglehoistway/escalatorwell-waysopeninglocated12"fromopeningoSr2020SafetyHandbook37

Figure4eSUGGESTEDGUARDRAILSYSTEMSCaution_porkersin_-H°istway^BMny/p2X4c\j12“x~•OJCM•*2X4^SiskNOTE:GUARDRAILSLOCATED12"INFRONT^OFHOISTWAY/ESCALATORWELLWAYOPENINGTX48’NOTE:SUPPORTBRACESTOBEMOUNTEDATEACHSUPPORTPOSTSHADEDAREAABOVEREPRESENTSCLEARHOISTWAY/ESCALATORWELLWAYOPENINGTopCautionWorkersinHoistway42"'Blocking(spacing)asNeededandCleatedtopreventmovementinanydirectionCJrtq.MidRail21"ToeBoardMin.3-1/2"RemovableGuardrails:SpaceoutfromwallstopermitEntranceFrameInstallation.382020SafetyHandbook2015SafetyHandbook38

4.3Escalator/MovingWalkBarricades(a)Barricadesshallbepositionedtocompletelysurroundtheescalator/movingwalkfrompublicaccess.(b)Barricadesshallbepositionedtosurround,frompublicaccess,flooropeningcreatedwhenequipmentaccessplate(s)areremoved.(c)Barricadesshallbeaminimumof42in.(1067mm)high.(d)Barricadesshallbesecurelyattachedtothebalus-trades,handrailsand/orfloor.(e)Allsectionsshallbeconnected.(f)Asystemshallbeinplacetokeepthebarricaderigid.(g)Seefigure4f.Figure4f>v42"AttachsecurelytoescalatorbalustradewithadjustableEZGripattachment.b)>rAD.KeepRigid<rSM2020SafetyHandbook39

4.4ElevatorMaintenanceBarricades(a)Barricadeshallbepositionedtorestrictpublicaccesstothehoistwaywheredoorsareopengreaterthan5in.(125mm).(b)Barricadeshallbeaminimumof42in.(1067mm)high.(c)Barricadeshallcoverentireentrancearea.(d)Allsectionsshallbeconnected.(e)Asystemshallbeinplacetokeepthebarricaderigid.(f)SeeFigure4g.Figure4gA42"VfKeepRigidBarricade402020SafetyHandbook

Section5ELECTRICALSAFETY5.1GeneralPrecautions(a) (Whenpowerisnotrequiredtoperformthetask,lockout/tagoutproceduresmustbefollowed.Testingandtrouble-shootingmaybedonelive,butrepairscanonlybedonewhenthesystemhasbeenproperlyde-energizedorcircuitsisolat-ed,preventingthereleaseofharmfulenergy.(b)Thefollowingstepsshouldbeconsidered:a.Wheneverpossible,de-energizethecircuitb.Guardtheenergizedcircuitwitheffectiveinsulationc.Usesafeelectricalworkpractices(c)THEFOLLOWINGPERSONALPROTECTIVEEQUIP-MENTSHALLBEWORNWHENTROUBLE-SHOOTING(PERFORMINGDIAGNOSTICSANDTESTING)ONLIVEELECTRICALCIRCUITS:•Forarc-flashprotectionlong-sleevednatural-fiberorFR-ratedshirts,orlong-sleevedFR-ratedcoverallsorothercompany-approvedarc-flash-hazardprotection•Forarc-flashprotection,cleanleatherglovesorarcratedgloveswhenworkingonornearenergizedelec-tricalcomponents.•Voltageratedgloveswithleatherprotectorsmayberequiredwhenworkingonenergizedcomponentswhenthereisariskofcontactwithenergizedcomponentsabove150Vandifsafe-workingpracticescannotabatetherisk.•Nonconductivesafetyglasses•EH-ratedfootwearorrubbermats(d)Alwaysuseatestinstrumentoneachcircuittoconfirmthecircuitisde-energized.Testinstrumentsshouldbetestedpriortouse.(e)AllcircuitsshallalwaysbetreatedasLIVEunlesstestsproveotherwise.2020SafetyHandbook41

(f)Beforetroubleshootinganyelectricalcircuitsorappara-tus,removealljewelry,keyrings,cellphones,radios,andothermetalorconductiveobjects,etc.(g)Nevertroubleshootcircuitswhenstandingorkneelingonmetal,wetsurfacesorinwater.Thisincludessitua-tionswhereyourbodycomesintocontactwithanothergroundedsurfaceduringthetestandverifystepoflock-outtagout.(h)Whentroubleshootinglivecircuits,takecaretobesafelyisolated(i.e.,rubbermats,isolatedtools,EHratedshoes,etc.).(i)Topreventshocks,takeprecautionsto:(1)Keepmetalobjectsfromtouchingorbeingexposedtoanypartsthatareknowntobeliveorhavenotyetbeenconfirmedtobedead,movingmachinepartsorconnections.(2)Donotweartoolbeltsanddonotcarrytoolsinyourpockets.(j)Useonlyinsulatedtoolswhentroubleshootingoncircuitsthatmaynotbede-energized.(k)WhiletroubleshootingonMGSets,elevatormotorsandsolid-statemotordrives,takeextremeprecaution,becausethearmaturevoltagepresentmaybeashighas600volts.(L)Exercisecaution(Becognizantandpreparedtotestothercircuitsthatmaybe“LIVE”)whentroubleshootingonmulti-caroperationsespeciallyingroupsystems,whichmayhavecircuitsthatareLIVE.EvenwhenthemainlinedisconnectswitchisOFF,othercircuitsmaybepoweredfromothersources(groupcontrols,cablight-ing,etc.)(m)Alwaysusefusepullerstoremoveandinstallfuses.Fusesandfuseholdersshouldbemarkedforpropersizeandtype.Neveruseahigheramperagefuse,afuseofadifferenttypeorbridgeafuse.(n)Usenonconductiveflashlights.422020SafetyHandbook

(o)AlltemporarywiringshallcomplywiththeNECandOSHA29CFR1910.305forthegeneralindustrystan-dard(andforconstructionwheremosttemporarywiringisfound,29CFR1926403and404)andcompanypol-icy.Whentemporarywiringisused,locatewiringinsuchamannerthatnoonecantripoverit.Takepre-cautionstoprotecttemporarywiringfromsharpedgesandmechanicaldamageanddonotsupportitwithnailsorwires.(p)All110-volt,15-or20-ampcircuitsshallbegrounded.Donotwirefoutletreceptaclesintolightingcircuitsunlesstheyaregrounded.(q)Alwaysreplacecoversonelectricalequipmentaftertroubleshootingiscompleted.(r)DONOTOPENTHEMAINLINEDISCONNECTSWITCHCOVER.Ifpowerisnotbeingsuppliedtotheelevatorcontroller(e.g.openmainlinefuses,etc.),advisethebuildingownertocorrectthecondition.Thisisnottheelevatorcompany’sresponsibility.(s)Keepelectriccabinetdoorsclosedwhensystemisener-gized,wheneverpossible.(t)Agroundfaultcircuitinterrupter(GFCI)isrequiredwhenusingportablepowertoolsanddroplights.GFCIsshouldbetestedpriortoeachuse.(u)Donotcutlivewires.Verifyzeroenergyandbeawarethattheremaybevoltageduetointerconnectionsfromotherelevatorunitsand/orthebuilding.(v)Beforeworkingoncircuitscontainingcapacitors,alwaysbesuretodischargeortakeprecautionsbyinstallingguard(s)toprotectagainstaccidentalcontact.5.2MeterUsageSafetyChecklistUseCategoryIII,1000Vmultimeters.Followthemanufacturer’ssafetyproceduresforthemeterused.2020SafetyHandbook43

Becertainthemeterisingoodoperatingcondition.Notifyyoursupervisorimmediatelyifthemeterisdamaged.Themeterusedmustmeetacceptedsafetystandardsfortheenvironmentinwhichitwillbeused.Inspecttestleadsforphysicaldamagebeforemakingmea-surements.Ifdamaged,replacethembeforeproceeding.Usethemetertocheckcontinuityofthetestleads.Useonlytestleadsthathaveshroudedconnectorsandfin-gerguards.Useonlymeterswithrecessedinputjacks.Selecttheproperfunctionandrangeforyourmeasure-mentanddoublecheckbeforeproceeding.Beawareofhigh-currentandhigh-voltagesituationsandusetheappropriateequipment,suchashigh-voltageprobesandhigh-currentclamps.Useameterthathasoverloadprotectionontheohmfunction.Whenmeasuringcurrentwithoutacurrentclamp,turnthepoweroffbeforeconnectingintothecircuit.Whereworkisperformedonelectricalcircuitslocatedindarkareas,useadequate,non-conductingauxiliarylighting.5.3EnergizedCircuitTroubleshootingChecklistWorkonde-energizedcircuitsanduselockout/tagoutproce-dureswheneverpossible.(a)Onlivecircuits,usepersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE).Useinsulatedtools.Wearnonconductivesafetyglasses.Forarc-flashprotection,cleanleatherglovesorarcratedgloveswhenworkingonornearenergizedelectricalcom-ponents.Voltageratedgloveswithleatherprotectorsmayberequiredwhenworkingwithin12inchesofenergizedcomponentsabove150Vwhenthereisariskofcontactandifsafeworkingpracticescannotabatetherisk.442020SafetyHandbook

Removewatches,jewelryorothermetalorconductiveobjects.Standonaninsulatedmatorusesafetyshoeswithelec-tricallyratedsoles.Forarc-flashprotectionlong-sleevednatural-fiberorFR-ratedshirtsorlong-sleevedFR-ratedcover-allsorothercompany-approvedarc-flash-hazardprotection.(b)Whentakingmeasurementsonlivecircuits:Hookonthegroundclipfirst,andthenmakecontactwiththehotlead.Removethehotleadfirstandthegroundleadlast.Hangorrestthemeterifpossible.Trytoavoidholdingitinyourhandstominimizepersonalexposuretotheeffectsoftransients.Usethethree-pointtestmethod,especiallywhencheck-ingtoseeifacircuitisdead.First,testaknownlivecircuit.Second,testthetargetcircuit.Third,testthelivecircuitagain.Thisverifiesthatyourmeterworkedprop-erlybeforeandafterthemeasurement.Usetheoldelectrician’strickofkeepingonehandinyourpocket.Thislessensthechanceofaclosedcircuitacrossyourchestandthroughyourheart.2020SafetyHandbook45

Section6PROPERUSEOFJUMPERS(a)Itisrecognizedthattemporarycircuitjumpersorclips(jumpers)mayberequiredforconductingsomeserviceworkonelevators,escalatorsormovingwalks.Allfieldpersonnelshallbetrainedintheproperuseofjumpersfordefeatingsafetycircuits.Whenjumpersareusedtheyshallhavethefollowingcharacteristics:(1)Extra-long,tiedinknots,andbrightlycoloredwiresorclips.(2)Jumpersshallbenumberedinsequence.(3)Theendsofjumperwiresshallbeaffixedwithinsu-latedalligatorclips.(4)Eachemployeeshallhavehis/hernameorpersonnelnumbermarkedinindelibleinkonalabelpermanentlyattachedtoeachjumper.(b)Makesureyouunderstandwhateffectusingorremov-ingajumperwillhaveontheentireelevatororescalatorsystempriortouse.(c)Jumperwiresshallneverbeplacedorconfiguredtoresemblepermanentwiring.(d)Thenumberofjumperscarriedshallbelimitedsothatalljumperscanbeaccountedforatalltimes(number-ingjumpersinsequencewillhelp).Jumpersshallberemovedandaccountedforwhenreturningequipmenttoservice.(e)Equipmentshallneverbereturnedtoservicewithjumperslefton.EquipmentfoundinthisconditionshallbereportedtoyourSuperintendent/Managerimmediately.462020SafetyHandbook

6.1MaintenanceandTroubleshooting6.1.1Rules(a)Jumpersshallnotbeusedasadiagnostictool.Alwaysuseametertotroubleshootcircuits.(b)Temporarybridging(e.g.,tomahawk)devicesshallnotbeusedtoshortouthalldoorcontacts.(c)Donotjumpoutadoorandgateatthesametime.NOTE:Youmaydeviatefromthisrequirementonlywhenasecondqualifiedpersonisonsiteandindirectcom-munication.USEEXTREMECAUTIONWHENTHESECIRCUITSAREJUMPEDOUT.(d)Ensurethatelevatorisoninspectionbeforeplacingjumpersondoor,gate,orsafetycircuits.Makeavisualinspectionthatallhoistwaydoorsaremechanicallyclosed.(e)Ensurealljumpersareremovedbeforeplacingequipmentbackinservice.6.1.2ProceduresforJumperUse(a)Removeelevatorfrompublicuseandensurenopas-sengersareintheelevator.(b)Placejumperkitonmachineroomdoorhandleorotherconspicuousplace.(c)Verballycommunicatetoallotherelevatorpersonnelonthejobsitewhenjumper(s)aretobeused.Thiscom-municationprovidesneededinformationoncircuitsbypassedandequipmentaffected.(d)Whenworkiscomplete,alljumpersshallberemoved,countedandreturnedtothejumperkit.(e)Neverleavejumpersonequipmentorinthemachineroom.2020SafetyHandbook47

6.2ModernizationandNewConstructionOnmodernizationandconstructionmanyjumpersareusedtooperateelevators.(a)Jumpersshallbebrightlycolored,easilyidentifiableandshallbelongandconspicuous.(b)AJumperLogshallbeestablishedtoensurethataffect-edpersonnelareawareofthesafetycircuitswhicharenotfunctioning.Itistheresponsibilityofthemechanic/mechanicinchargetoensurethattheJumperLogiscompleted.TheJumperLogshallbekeptwiththecon-trollerandshallnotberemoveduntilalljumpersareremoved.(c)Door,gate,orothersafetycircuitsshallneverbejumpedoutunlesscarisoninspectioninthecontroller.(d)Jumpersshallberemovedassoonastheyarenolongerneeded,maintenanceandtroubleshootingproceduresoutlinedaboveshallbefollowed.Inadditiontotheabove,stickersshallbeplacedinthecon-trollercabinet,incloseproximitytotheinspection/automaticswitches.Beforemovingcarwithopendoors,verifycarisoninspection.482020SafetyHandbook

6.3DoorBypassProcedure(a)(a)Inspectionoperationwithopendoorcircuits(ASMEA17.1,Requirement2.26.1.5)shallonlybeutilizedwhenitisnecessarytomoveanelevatorwhenthecargateand/ordoorlockcircuitiselectricallyopen.Beforeutilizingthis,stepsshallbetakentoidentifytheproblemcircuit(cargateordoorlock)andbypassonlythatcircuit.Onceadecisionismadetoutilizedoorbypasscircuitry,theelevatorshallbeplacedoninspectionoperationviathecartoporthein-carinspectionswitches.Onceoninspectionoperation,thepertinentswitch(es)canbeswitchedto“bypass”position.Then,wheneverpossible,theelevatorshallalwaysbeoperatedfromthetopofthecar.(b)Extremecautionshallbetakenpriortoandwhilemovingtheelevatortoensurethesafetyofthepublicandelevatorpersonnel,i.e.,unprotectedopenings,bodypartsclearofmovingequipment,equipmentunobstructed,etc.(c)Oncethepurposeforusingthedoorbypasscircuitryhasbeenmet,theswitch(es)aretobeswitchedtothe“open”position.Athoroughcheckofthecargate/doorlockcircuitryshallthenbeperformedtoensureproperoperation.Oncethisisconfirmed,theelevatorshallbeplacedbackonautomaticoperationandreturnedtoservice.2020SafetyHandbook49

Section7LOCKOUTANDTAGOUTGeneralRequirementsTheproceduresoutlinedbelowareintendedtopreventinjuryordeathtoemployeesbyrequiringcertainproceduresbetakenbeforeworkingonequipment.Unlessitisnotfea-sible(i.e.,inspecting,troubleshooting,observing,etc.),employeesshaInotperformanyworkonequipmentwherethereisapotentialtobeexposedtoenergizedmechanicalorelectricalhazardsuntilallsourcesofenergyhavebeende-energized,groundedorguarded.Equipmentvariationsrequirethemechanictoknowwhatcarcontrolsareavailableandoperating;themechanicmustknowwhatsafetymethodswillbeemployedtogaincontrolofthecar.Neveraccessthehoistwayunlessyouhavecontrolofthecar.Allformsofpotentialenergyincludingelectrical,mechani-cal,hydraulic,pneumatic,kinetic,gravity,etc.shallbecon-trolledtopreventinadvertentmovementofaunitorpieceofequipmentbeingworkedon.7.1Procedures(a)Understandtheequipment;beawareofitspotentialhazards.Ifitisnotunderstood,orifyouhaveaquestion,contactyourSuperintendent/Managerimmediatelybeforeproceeding.(b)Wheretheaccidentalstartingoftheequipmentwouldcreateahazardswitchtoshutoffthepower.CAUTION:Donotstanddirectlyinfrontofthemainlinedisconnectwhenoperat-ing(standofftothesideofthedisconnect).Eachemployeeshallapplytothedisconnectswitchapersonallockanda“DoNotStart”tagwiththeemployee’sname(Section5.3).deactivatemainlinedisconnect502020SafetyHandbook

(c)Somecomponents(capacitors,MGsets,etc.)oftenstoreresidualenergy,eventhoughpowerisshutoff.Thestoredenergycanresultinelectricalshockorunintendedmove-mentofequipment.Beforeworkingonequipmentwiththesecomponents,dischargethestoredenergytoground.(d)Whenitisimpossibletolocktheswitch,assurancesshallbemadethatthecircuitisdeactivatedandtaggedout.Figure7aIINON/OFFIooo00no!2020SafetyHandbook51

(e)CAUTION:Itislikelytohaveelectricalenergyonacon-trollerthathashadthemainline-disconnectswitchdeac-tivated.Afterinitiatinglockoutandtagout,thelightingcircuitmaystillbeenergized,batterybackupmaystillbeenergized,andgroupcontrollercrossconnectsmaystillbelive.(f)Oncethesystemhasbeenlockedout,verifywiththeappropriatetestequipmentthatthesystemhasbeende-energized,(seeSection5.3)(g)Beforeworkingonmechanicalsystems,makesurethesystemisunderstood.Ifthereareanyquestions,getanswersbeforeproceeding.Suchsystemsoftenstoreenergy,eventhoughtheelectricalpowerisshutoff.Thestoredenergycanresultinviolentmovementofamachinepart,suchasaplungerorpistonrod,whenworkisdoneonanotherportionoftheequipment.Iftheportionofthesystemtobeworkedoncanbeisolatedandthepressureinthatportionofthesystemreleasedbybleeding,itisnotnecessarytoshutdowntheentiresystem.However,thevalvesandcontrolswhichcouldreadmitpressuretothesystembeingworkedonshallbeidentifiedwith“DoNotStart”tagsandlockedout.Ifalockoutisnotpossible,otherpositiveactionshallbetakentoensurethattheequipmentwillnotbeenergized.Checkflangedconnections,cylinderheadsorplate-mountedcomponents.Thestickingofagasketcanholdthepartstogether,whileboltsareremoved,andthencancomeapartviolentlyduetostoredpressure.(h)Whenworkingonthehydraulicsystemofahydraulicelevator,mechanicalcontrolsshallbeestablishedbymechanicallyblockingorcontrollingthemechanicalstoredenergy(i.elandingonratedpipestands,railblocks,etc.).(i)Eachemployeewhoperformsdutiesdescribedabovewillbeprovidedwithanindividuallykeyedorcombinationlockoutdeviceandtags.Ifmorethanoneemployeeisassignedtoatask,eachemployeeshallberesponsibleforplacingtheirownlockand“DoNotStart”tag,sothecontrolscannotbeoperated.522020SafetyHandbook

(j)Ifcontrolsaresolocatedthatonlyonelockcanbeaccommodated,amultiplelockoutdeviceshallbeused.(k)Lockoutdevicesshallbemadeavailableforlockingoutadditionalequipment.(L)Wherespecialdevicesarerequiredtolockoutcircuitbreakers,theyshallbeavailableandused.(m)LockoutdevicesshallbereturnedtotheCompanywhenanemployeetransferstootherassignmentsorterminates.(n)Whenswitchesaredeactivatedforservice,repairsoralterations,theyshallbelockedoutandtaggedout.(o)Beforestartingworkonanyequipmentthatisoutofser-vice,makeathoroughcheckofallelectricalcontrolandstartingdevices.Whenanypartofsuchequipmentisremotelycontrolled,lockoutandtagoutthemainlinedisconnectandconfirmthatthesystemisde-energized[Section7.1(f)].7.1.1ShiftChanges(a)Whenemployeesareendingtheirshiftand/orotheremployeeswillcontinueworkonthemachineorequip-ment,theemployeesshallattachthecompanylocksandtagsandthenshallremovetheirpersonallocksandtags.(b)Thenewshiftemployeesshallapplytheirpersonallocksandtagsbeforebeginningworkonthemachineorequipment.Aftertheemployeeshaveplacedtheirper-sonallockoutmechanismandtag,andhaveverifiedthatthesystemisde-energizedthecompanylocksandtagsshallberemoved.7.1.2RestoringEquipmentandMachinestoNormalService(a)Alltoolsshallberemoved,allguardsandcoversshallbereinstalledandtheareashallbecheckedtoinsurethatnopersonnelareexposedtotheequipmentormachine.2020SafetyHandbook53

(b)Themechanic,aftercheckingtomakesurethatnooneisexposedtotheequipmentormachine,shallrestoreenergytoit.(c)Aftereachportionoftheworkiscompleted,theindividualwhoplacesthelockoutmechanismshallberesponsibleforitsremoval.Ifmorethanoneoperationisperformedonapieceofequipment,machineorsystem,itwillbenecessaryforeachindividualtoremovetheirlockoutmechanismimmediatelyaftertheirworktaskhasended.Thelastindividualtoremovetheirlockoutmechanismshallnotifythecustomerthatallworkhasended.(d)Theunitshallbeoperatedinthenormalmodebeforereturningittoservice.(e)Removeoutofservicetags.(f)Notifythecustomerthattheunitisbackinservice.7.2Supervisory/EmergencyRemovalofLockout/Tagout(a)Ifitisnecessarytooperateapieceofequipmentwhichislockedout,everyeffortshallbemadetolocatetheemployeewhoselockisontheequipment.Iftheemployeecannotbelocated,andafterpositiveassuranceismadethatnooneisworkingonthelockedoutequipment,yourSuperintendent/Managermaypersonallyremovethelock.TheSuperintendent/Managermustrememberthatthereisdangeroftheemployeeinvolvedreturning,thinkingthemachineisstilllockedout,whenactuallyithasbeenreactivated.TheSuperintendent/Managershallensurethattheequipmentis,onceagain,lockedoutbeforetheemployeeresumeswork.542020SafetyHandbook

(b)Ifamachineislockedoutanditbecomesnecessarytoleave,recheckuponreturningtomakesurethemachineisstilllockedout.Whilesupervisorswillmakeeveryefforttoavoidremovinglocks,theremaybesituationswhenitmustbedone.Therecheckisforyourprotection.7.3Lockout/TagoutProceduresforEscalatorsandMovingWalks(a)TheapplicableproceduresinSections7.1and7.2applytoallemployeeswhoworkonescalatorsandmovingwalks.Anytimeworkistobeperformedwithintheinte-riorplaneofthesteps/pallets,itshallbelockedoutandtaggedouttopreventtheunitfromstartingunexpectedly.Inadditiontolockout/tagout,wheneverworkingwithinthetrusswhere10%ormoreoftheescalatorstepsareremoved,amechanicalblockingdeviceshallbeactivatedtopreventtheescalatorfrommoving.Iftheunitisnotequippedwithamechanicalblockingdevice,thedrivechainand/orstepaxlesmustbesecuredtothetrussbracestopreventmovementineitherdirection.Wheneverstepsareremovedandtheunitisgoingtobeleftout-of-service,thesteps/palletsshouldbemovedtocovertheopenings(wheneverpossible).(b)(c)7.4MRLCarMovementLockingDevices(a)Somemachine-room-lesselevatorsareequippedwithspecialcarmovementlockingdevicesthatprovideanindependentmethodofsecuringthecar.Thecartopcanthensafelybeusedforperformingmaintenanceorinspectiontooverheadequipment.•Elevatorsuspensionmustbeinplace•Thedeviceistypicallylocatedonthecrosshead2020SafetyHandbook55

•Itshallhaveasignstating“WARNING!”Engagebeforemaintainingoninspectingbrake,emergencybrakeorcontroller.(b)SomeMRLswithcontrollersinthehoistwayhavemultiplelockoutlocations.Priortoperforminglockout/tagout,determinethebestlocationtode-energizetheequipmentyouwillbeworkingon.Refertomanufacturer’sdocu-mentationforfurtherinformation.562020SafetyHandbook

Section8HOISTWAYSANDMACHINEROOMS8.1HoistwayAccessSafetyWhenarrivingonthesite,notifyowner,place“outofservice”signageandplacebarricadestoprotectpublicasapplicable.Priortogainingaccesstothehoistway,determinewhetherpowerisneededtoperformtherequiredtask.Ifnot,theappro-priatelockout/tagoutprocedureshallbeused.(SeeSection7.)Donotopenthehoistwaydoormorethan6in.(152mm)untilyoudeterminethecarorcartopislocatedinasafepositiontoaccess.8.7.1Top-of-CarAccess/EgressProcedureCAUTION:Besidesexamination,inspection,maintenanceandadjustmentworkthatmustbedoneonthecartop,thereisaconsiderableamountofworkinthehoistwaywhichmustbedonefromthetopofthecarand,attimeswiththecarinmotion.Examplesofsafeaccess/egressproceduresareoutlinedbelow.8.7.7.7AccessingTop-of-CarPriortoaccessingthehoistwayalwaysverifythattheeleva-torhasarrivedbeforesteppingintooronthecar.(a)HoistwayAccessSwitchProvided:•Capturetheelevator,andtakeittothetopaccesslanding.•Activatethemeanstodisabletheoperatingdevices,(incarinspectionservice)locatedintheCOP.Verifythattheelevatorisnotonautomaticoperationbyattemptingtoregistermultiplecarcalls.•Insertproperdoorwedgetooltomechanicallyholdthedoor(s)intheopenposition,bumpthecardownandthenupusingthekeyswitchtotestthebrake,stayclearfromtheentranceandlowerthecartoasafeheightbyusing2020SafetyHandbook57

thehoistwayaccessswitchtorunthecarinthedowndirection.Note:Beawareofcardoorclearances.•Removekeyfromhallwayaccessswitch.•Reachintothehoistwayandplacethetop-of-carstopswitchinthe“STOP”positionandturnthecartopworklight“ON”(Note:IftheswitchcannotbeaccessedfromtheIdsaFanding,lockout/tagoutproceduremustbefollowedpriortoaccessingthecartop.)•Insertkeyintothehallaccessswitchandtrytomoveelevatorinbothdirections.Itshouldnotmove.Removekey.•Placethecartopinspectionswitchinthe“INSPECT”positionandthecartopSTOPswitchto“RUN’.’Reinserttheaccesskeyswitchandtrytorunthecarinbothdirections.Itshouldnotmove.Removekey.•Beforesteppingontothecartop,activateSTOPswitchto“STOP’,’locateasaferefugeareaandaccessthecartop.Beawareoffallhazard.•Removedoorwedgetoolandallowdoorstoclose.•Verifycartopinspectionstationswitchesworkproperlybyfirstrunningdown,thenup,thenproceedwithneces-sarytasksinhoistwayensuringcartopstationremainsonINSPECTandstopswitchisintheSTOPpositionwhenworkisbeingperformed.CAUTION:Besureyouhaveasurfacetostandonthatwillsupportyourweight.Don’tstandonthecartopemergencyexitorthefanunitandusespecialcarewherethecartopsarecurvedordomed(b)WithoutHoistwayAccessSwitch:•Capturetheelevator,andtakeittothetopaccesslanding.•Establishdowndemandbyactivating2in-car carcalls.•Usinganapproveddoorunlockingdevice,stoptheelevatorinflighttoverifythedoorinterlockbyopeningthehoistwaynomorethan6inches.Besuretostoptheelevatorinasafepositiontosafelyreachthecartopinspectionrunbox.582020SafetyHandbook

•Insertproperdoorwedgetoolandplacethetop-of-carstopswitchinthe“STOP”position,turnonlight,removeyourdoorwedgetoolandallowthedoorstoclose(Note:Iftheswitchcannotbeaccessedfromthelanding,lockout/tagoutproceduremustbefol-lowedpriortoaccessingthecartop.)•Waittensecondsandopenthehoistwaydoornomorethan6inchestoverifythetop-of-carstopswitchisworking.Carshouldnotmove.•Insertproperdoorwedgetoolandplacethecartopinspectionswitchinthe“INSPECT”positionandthecartopSTOPswitchto“RUN’.’Removeyourdoorwedgetoolandallowthedoorstoclose.•Waittensecondsandopenthehoistwaydoornomorethan6inchestoverifythetop-of-carinspectionswitchisworking.Carshouldnotmove.•InsertproperdoorwedgetoolandactivatecartopSTOPswitchto“STOP”position.•Locateasaferefugeareaandaccessthecartop.Removedoorwedgetoolandallowdoorstoclose.•ProceedwithnecessarytasksinhoistwayensuringcartopstationremainsonINSPECTandstopswitchisintheSTOPpositionwhenworkisbeingperformed.CAUTION:Besureyouhaveasurfacetostandonthatwillsupportyourweight.Don’tstandonthecartopemer-gencyexitorthefanunitandusespecialcarewherethecartopsarecurvedordomed.(c)Wheninamultiplehoistway,neverplaceanypartofyourbodyintherunwayofanadjacentoperationalelevator.NOTE:Onelevatorswithouttop-of-carinspectionstations,usetheproperproceduresinSection8.1.2(j).8.1.1.2ExitingTop-of-Car(a)Positiontop-of-carlevelwiththeegresslanding.Whenahoistwayaccessswitchisprovided,positionthetop-of-caratthelandingwherethetopaccessswitchislocated.2020SafetyHandbook59

(b)Placethetop-of-carstopswitchinthe“STOP”position.(c)Checkfortools,keys,ragsoranyotherequipment.(d)Slowlyopenhoistwaydoorandplacedoorwedgetoolintothesill.(e)Stepofftop-of-carontolanding.(f)Placetheinspectionswitchinthe“NORMAL”position.(g)Placethetop-of-carstopswitchinthe“RUN”positionandturnoffthecartopworklight.(h)Whenahoistwayaccessswitchisprovided,withthehoistwaydoor(s)intheopenposition,activatehoistwayaccessswitchtorunthecarup.Stayclearofmovingcar.Deactivatethemeanstodisableoperatingdevices.(i)Removedoorwedgetoolandclosehoistwaydoortoengagepickuprollerswithdoorclutch.(j)Insidecabreturn‘Access-Enable”toNORMALorOFFpositiondisablingaccessswitch.(k)Verifyelevatorisoperationalbyplacingahallcall.8.1.2Safetyprecautionswhenworkingoncartops:(a)Familiarizeyourselfwiththepositionofthecarandcounterweightsofthecarbeingaccessedaswellasanyothercars/counterweightsinthevicinityandtakeappro-priatemeasurestokeepyourselfandothersawayfromhazards.(b)Ifmovementofthecarisneededwhileontopofthecar,besuretohaveafirmholdonthecrosshead,orotherpartofthecarstructure.(c)Neverstandorsitonthecrossheadwhenthecarismoving.(d)Neverholdontotheropes,sheavesorsheaveguard.(e)Ifthecartopisnotclean(i.e.,oil,grease),cleanitpriortoperforminganyactivities.(f)Verifyproperoperationoftop-of-carinspectionoperat-ingbuttons.602020SafetyHandbook

(g)Whereoutletsareprovided,useagroundedportablelightwithasuitable,non-conductiveorgroundedlampguardandreflector.(h)Electricalcordsarenottobehungoncarorcounter-weightropes.Whenatop-of-caroperatingdeviceisavailableandoperational,useittooperatethecarinsteadofdepend-ingonanoperatorinthecar.Iftop-of-caroperatingdeviceisnotavailableandyoumustrideontopofthecarensure:(1)Thepersononthecartopshallidentifyandbeposi-tionedinasaferefugespace.DonotenterareasmarkedwithRedandWhitestrips.(2)Theoperatorinthecarisbriefedonthesignalstobeused.(3)Theoperatorinthecarrepeatsinstructionseachtimebeforemovingthecar.(4)Thathallbuttonscannotcontrolthecar.Theoperatorshallonlyrunthecarontheslowestpossiblespeedandonlyinthespecifieddirection.(6)Inthecaseofsingleandcollective-operationeleva-torsoranyelevatorwhosereversalattheterminalsisautomaticallycontrolled,instructtheoperatortoreversethedirectionofthecarbeforetheterminalsbymeansofthereversalswitchinthecar.(k)Whenafallhazardexists,fallprotectionshallbeused.(SeeSection4.)Wireropesshallonlybeinspectedorlubricatedwhenthecarisstopped.Avoidpinchpoints.(m)Whenopeninghoistwaydoorsfromthecartop,dososlowlysothatnoonestepsinfromthelandingthinkingacarhasarrived.(n)Observeoverheadclearances.(o)Useextracarewhenworkingoncartopsthatarecurved,domed,orlocatedinunenclosedhoistways.2020SafetyHandbook61(i)(j)(5)(I)

(p)Donotleaveparts,lubricants,etconthetopofelevatorcars.ThisisaviolationoftheASMEA17.1Code.(q)Thecartopemergencyexitshallremainintheclosedpositionexceptwhenpassingthroughsame.(r)Beforeperformingrepairsfromtop-of-car,withthecaratorabovethetoplanding,placealadderincarundertopemergencyexittoprovidemeansofexitingfromcartop.8.2PitSafety8.2.1General(a)Manyseriousinjuriesoccureveryyear,enteringandexit-ingpits.Everyemployeemustbeawareofthehazardsbeforeenteringapit.Someofthemorecommonhazardsare:(1)Inadequaterefugespace(2)Inadequatelighting(3)Improperaccess(4)Trippinghazards(5)Unsafeorlackofpitladders(6)Moisture/water/oil(7)MovingequipmentTakeappropriatestepstominimizethesehazardsandanyothersthatareidentified.(b)Beforeenteringapit,familiarizeyourselfwiththepositionofthecarandcounterweightsforthecarbeingworkedonaswellasanyothercars/counterweightsinthevicinity.(c)Controlofthecarshallbeobtainedpriortoentryintothepit.(d)Ifnotifiedbythebuildingownerorrepresentativethatthepitand/orhoistwayhasbeenclassifiedasapermitrequiredconfinedspace(thisnotificationcouldbeverbalorthepit/hoistwaymaybelabeled),immediatelynotifyyourSuperintendent/Managerforfurtherinstructions.Ineithercase,DONOTenterthepit/hoistwayuntilconsultingyourSuperintendent/Managerandreceivingauthorization.622020SafetyHandbook

8.2.2ElevatorPitAccess/EgressProcedureNOTE:Theseproceduresdonotapplytowalk-inpits.SeeSection8.2.3forWalk-inPitprocedures.8.2.2.1AccessingPits(a)Whenthemovementoftheelevatorisrequired,thefollowingprocedureshallbefollowedinlieuoftheLockout/TagoutprocedureinSection7.(b)Lockout/Tagoutproceduresarerequiredifmovementoftheelevatorisnotneededtocompletetheworkbeingperformed.(SeeSection7.)(c)Beforeenteringthepit,notifythebuildingmanager/ownerthatyouwillbeservicingtheelevator.Tagtheelevatoroutofservicebyplacingasignonthecontrollerstating“ELEVATORISUNDERTHECONTROLOFASERVICEPERSON-DONOTOPERATE.”(d)Installbarricadesifthehoistwaydoorisgoingtobeopenmorethan5in.(125mm)whileperformingyourwork.(SeeSection4.4)(e)Whenahoistwayaccessswitchisprovidedcapturetheelevatorattheloweraccesslandingandactivatethe‘Access-Enable”todisableoperatingdeviceslocatedatthecar-operatingpanel.Verifyelevatorisnotonauto-maticbyregisteringmultiplecarcalls.Withthehoistwaydoor(s)heldinthehalf-openposition,activatehoistwayaccessswitchtorunthecarupuntiltoeguardclearsopening.Confirmthecarstops.(f)Whenahoistwayaccessswitchisnotprovided,capturetheelevatorandplacetwocarcallstoupperfloorstoestablishanupdemand.Astheelevatormovesawayfromthelanding,openthehoistwaydoorwithahoist-waydoorunlockingdevicekeytoinsureinterlockstopstheelevator.2020SafetyHandbook63

CAUTION:Whenusinghoistwaydoorunlockingdevicekeysbeawareofpinchhazardwhenthehoistwaydooropensunderpower.(g)Ifhoistwayaccessswitchesorhoistwaydoorunlockingdevicesarenotprovidedfollowyourcompanysafetyproceduresforaccessingthehoistway.(h)Beforeaccessingtheelevatorpit,placeadoorwedgetoolinthesilltoensurethatthehoistwaydoor(s)willnotshut,turnthepitlightonandplacethepitstopswitchinthe“STOP”position.(i)Insertaccesskey.Trytomoveelevatorinbothdirections.Itshouldnotmove.Removekeyfromswitch.(j)Whereanaccessladderexposesapersontoafallhaz-ardof6ft(1.8m)orgreater(unlesstheregulatoryauthor-ityrequires4ft.(1.2m));and(1)Theladderisfurtherthan29.5in.(750mm)fromtheinterioredgeofthedoorframe;or(2)Theladderorhandholdextendslessthan42in.(1067mm)abovetheaccesslanding,(3)Theclearancebetweentheladderrungsandsidewallislessthan4.5in.,ahazardassessmentshallbeconductedtoidentifythenecessarysafetyprecautions.(k)Ifthepitdoesnothaveapitstopswitch,thelockout/tagoutprocedureistobeimplementedbeforeenteringtheelevatorpit.(SeeSection7.)(L)Standingoutsidethehoistway,removedoorwedgetoolandclosethehoistwaydoor.Enterahallcallandwait10secondstoverifytheelevatorwillnotrunandtoverifythatthepitstopswitchisworking.Whenworkingonamulti-plebankofelevatorswaitforaminimumof20secondstoverifytheelevatoryouareworkingonwillnotrun.(m)Onceverificationofthepitstopswitchoperationiscom-plete,openthehoistwaydoor,placeadoorwedgetoolbackintothesill,doamentalandvisualjobhazardassessmentandlocateasaferefugespace.DonotenterareasmarkedwithRedandWhitestrips.Carefullyenterthepit.Closedoorstoabout6"andusedoorwedgetoblock.642020SafetyHandbook

(n)Indeeppitsasecondstopswitchistypicallyinstalled4ftabovethepitfloor.Afterdescendingthepitladderplacethelowerpitstopswitchinthe“STOP”position.Thesecondstopswitchmustbetestedandverifiedbytwoindependentmeans.Methodsmayvaryacrossorganizations.(o)Ifoperationoftheelevatorisnecessary:(1)Thecarisonlytobeoperatedoninspectionopera-tionfromeitherthecartopwithtop-of-carinspectionoperationorinsidethecarwithin-carinspectionoperation,ifprovided,byaqualifiedelevatorperson.Thepersonoperatingthecarandthepersoninthepitshallestablishandmaintaintwo-waycommunications.(2)Whenworkingonthehydraulicsystemofahydraulicelevator,mechanicalcontrolsshallbeestablishedbymechanicallyblockingorcontrollingthemechan-icalstoredenergy(i.elandingonratedpipestands,railblocks,etc.)(3)Removethedoorwedgetoolandallowthehoistwaydoortoclose.(4)Placetheupperpitstopswitchinthe“RUN”position.(5)Standonthepitfloorandbepreparedtostopthemovementoftheelevatorwiththepitstopswitch.CAUTION:(p)Neverstandonthepitladderwhenthepitstopswitchattheaccesslandingisinthe“RUN”position,unlesstwopitstopswitchesareprovidedandthelowerswitchisinthe“STOP”position.(q)Whenworkistobedoneonahydraulicsystem,thecarshallbelandedonpipestands,hydraulicpressurerelievedandappropriatelockout/tagoutproceduresimplemented.(SeeSection7.)(r)Wheninmultiplehoistways,neverplaceanypartofyourbodyintherunwayofanadjacentoperationalelevator.8.2.2.2ExitingPits(a)Verifylowerpitstopswitch,whereprovided,isinthe“STOP”position.2020SafetyHandbook65

(b)Verifypitstopswitchataccessdoorisinthe“STOP”position.(c)Placelowerpitstopswitchinthe“RUN”position.(d)Removepipestands(hydraulicelevators).(e)Slowlyopenhoistwaydoorandplaceadoorwedgetoolintothesill.Exitthepit.(f)Turnthepitlightoff.(g)Placethepitstopswitchataccessdoorinthe“RUN”position.(h)Whenahoistwayaccessswitchisprovided,withthehoistwaydoor(s)intheopenposition,activatehoistwayaccessswitchtorunthecardown.Stayclearofmovingcar.Deactivatethemeanstodisableoperatingdevices.(i)Removedoorwedgetoolandclosehoistwaydoor.(j)Placethecarbackintoservice.8.2.3Walk-inPitsNOTE:SeeSection8.2.2forpitaccessprocedurethroughlowesthoistwaydoor8.2.3.1Generalguidance(a)Everywalk-inpitisdifferent.Thereforeitisdifficulttomakeonesetofrequirementsthatappliestoallsitua-tions.Foreachsituationthatmaybeencountered,sitespecificrequirementsandproceduresshallbeestablished.Formulatedrequirementsandprocedureswilldependontheheightofthepit(7ft.[2.1m]ormoreofoverheadclear-ance)andtheguardingorlocationofrelatedcomponentssuchas;tapes,governors,counterweights,travelingcables,etc.(b)Alwayswearahardhatinwalk-inpitswherecarsareoperating.8.2.3.2GeneralRulesthatapplytothemajorityofwalk-inpits.(a)Forwalk-inpitswherethereisnoriskofbeingstuckbythecarorrelatedequipment:662020SafetyHandbook

(1)Withelevatorsoperating,itisgenerallysafetoenterthepittoperformbriefvisualinspections,towalkfromonepittoanothertomakeobservations,ortoretrievedroppeditemsatthefrontsideofthehoist-way(e.g.keys,money,jewelry,smalltools,etc.).(2)Forbriefworkactivitiessuchasminoradjustmentsoraddingoiltobuffers,theunittobeservicedmusthavetwocircuitstestedandverifiedthattheelevatorwillnotruntoensuresufficientsafecontrol.(3)Forrepairwork,theunitshallbelockedandtaggedout.(b)Whenworkingonelevatedbufferstands(morethan6ft.[1.8m]offthepitfloorunlesstheregulatoryauthorityrequires4ft.(1.2m))fallprotection(guardrailsorPersonalFallProtection)isrequired.8.2.4Safetyprecautionswhenworkinginpits:(a)Locateasaferefugeareaandbepreparedtoentersameatamoment’snotice.(b)EnsurethatallportablelightsandtoolsareconnectedthroughaGroundFault(GFCI).(c)Takecaretoprotectalllightingfromdamage.(d)Donotworkinapitwithstandingwater.(e)Never“jump”intoapit-alwaysusetheaccessladderoraportableladder.(f)Alwayscheckyourshoesforoil/greasepriortoclimbing.(g)Usebothhandswhenusingladdersenteringorexitingthepit.(h)Beawareofmovingequipment(i.e.,counterweights,pumps,motors,belts,andsheaves)andensurethatclothingandhandscan’tgetcaughtinthem.(i)Avoidsmokingoropenflameswhileinthepit.(j)Useproperhandprotectionwhilecleaningpit.(k)Neverplaceyourbodyunderthecarandhavethecarloweredtoorbelowthebottomlanding.Thisdoesnotapplytowalk-inpits.2020SafetyHandbook67

(L)Neverstandincounterweightrunway,undercompensatingchainsorstraddleoverthetravelingcable(s)loop.(m)Neverusewoodentimberstosupportcarorcounter-weights.(n)Donotleaveparts,lubricants,cleaningequipment,etcinthepit.ThisisaviolationoftheASMEA17.1/CSAB44Code.Pipestandsmaybeproperlystoredinthepit,notonthefloor(hydraulicelevators).8.2.5Additionalsafetyprecautionstobetakenwhenworkingunderhydraulicunits:(a)DONOTstandonthehydraulicpiping.(b)DONOTworkonthehydraulicsystem(i.e.,repackingajack,workonoilsupplylines,pipefittingsoranyportionofsystemthatmaybeunderpressure)unlesstheeleva-toris“landed”onpipesupports.(c)Avoidpinchpointsthataplungerorpistonmaypresent.Theplungerorpistonmaynotreactnormally,especiallyafterrepacking.8.3HoistwayScreeningWhereanelevatorisoperatinginamultiplehoistway,andconstructionormodernizationworkistobeperformedinanadjacentportionofthatmultiplehoistway,thatportionoftheelevator’shoistwaywheretheworkistobeperformedshallbefullyseparated.Thematerialusedforthisseparationshall:(a)haveopeningsnotexceeding1in.(25mm);(b)besosupportedandbracedsoastonotdeflectintothecoderequiredrunningclearanceoftheadjacentcar;and(c)beinaccordancewithlocalcode.682020SafetyHandbook

8.4OverheadProtection(a)Overheadprotectionshallbeprovidedinthehoistwayandinanyotherworkareawherethereisexposuretofallingobjects.Thisprotectionistopreventallpartsofthebodyfrombeingstruckbyfallingtools,debris,smallparts,etc.(b)Ingeneral,overheadprotectioncanbeachievedbyoneoracombinationofthefollowingexamples:(1)Falsecarswithroofs/nettingdesignedandselectedbythecompany.(2)Installationofanoverheadbarrierdirectlyabovetheworkareawhichcoversallareaswherefieldpersonnelhavetostandorreachtoinstallhoistwaycomponents(3)Protectionofallhoistwayopeningsabovetheworkarea(e.g.:installationofhoistwaydoorsorprotectivescreening)(4)Sealingoffcorridorstopreventothertradesfromworkingnearorpassingbywallopenings(5)Wallsareinplaceandallhoistwaydoorsclosed(6)Guardingallholesinthemachineroomandsecondarylevels(7)Prohibitingsimultaneousworkinhoistwayandmachineroomwithunguardedholes(8)Prohibitingsimultaneousworkincommonhoistwayswherenohoistwayscreeningexistsbetweenhoistways(9)Prohibitingstorageofmaterialswithin6ft.(1.8m)ofhoistwayopenings.(c)Allcaseswhereobjectshavefallendownthehoistwaymustbeimmediatelyinvestigatedandreportedbythemechanicincharge.Oncethecauseforthisoccurrencehasbeenidentified,itwillbemitigatedbythecompanyortheMIC.2020SafetyHandbook69

8.5MachineRoomSafetyAccesstomachinerooms,aswellasworkinginthemachineroomitself,canbehazardousifproperprecautionsarenottaken.Itisveryimportantthatyouhavetheabilitytorecognizepotentialhazardsandareawareoftheproperprecautionstotakewhentheyexist.Machineroomsshallbesecuredfromunauthorizedaccess.8.5.7AccesstothemachineroomJustgettingtoamachineroomcanbehazardous,sorecog-nizingpotentialhazardsandtakingstepstocorrectoravoidthemisveryimportant.Someofthemorecommonhazardsare:(a)Lighting(1)Ifthestairwellorhallwayareaisnotwelllit,useaflashlightorothertemporarylightinguntilthesitua-tioncanbecorrected-Don’tjust“feelyourway”inthedark.(b)Unsafeladders(1)Manymachineroomscanonlybeaccessedthroughtheuseoffixedladders.Alwayschecktheconditionoftheladderbeforeclimbing.(2)Neverclimbaladderwithtoolsinyourhands.Usearopetopulltoolsup.(c)Machineroomdoorsaretypicallyself-closingand/orself-locking.TheASMEA17.1requiresthedoortobeoperablefrominsidethemachineroomwithouttheneedtouseakey.702020SafetyHandbook

Section9TOOLS9.1HandTools(a)Employeesshallmaintainhandtoolsingoodconditionatalltimes.(b)Donotusetoolbeltsandnevercarrytoolsinyourpockets.(c)Neverusetoolsthatareworn,crackedorbroken.(d)Pliersandpipewrenchesshallnotbeusedonnutsandbolts.Crescentwrenchesshallneverbeusedinplaceoftheproper-typewrench.(f)Donotusemakeshifttoolssuchaspipe,ironbarsorextensionsforleverage(cheaters).(g)Usethecorrectsizecrowbarforeachjob.Placeablockofwoodundertheheadofthecrowbarforleverage.(h)Neverstrikehardenedsteelsurfaceswithasteelhammer.Useasoftmetalhammeroronewithaplastic,woodenorrawhidehead.(i)Cold-chisels,center-punches,etc.,shallbedressedtoeliminatemushrooming.(j)Avoidplacingatoolboxwhereanotherpersonmaytripoverit.Neverplaceatoolboxorgangboxinpathofegress.(k)Splitorloosehandlesinhammersorsledgesshallbereplacedwithnewandproperlyfittedhandlesbeforebeingused.Handlesshallneverbewiredortaped.(L)Alwayskeepscrewdriversproperlydressedandtheirhandlesingoodcondition.(m)Neveruseascrewdriverasapunch,wedge,pinchbar,pryorchisel.(n)Filesshallneverbeusedunlesstheyhaveaproperhan-dle,andneverasapry.(e)2020SafetyHandbook71

(o)Alwaysusethepropertoolforthejobitwasintended.9.2PortableElectricToolsandLights(a)Electricallypoweredtoolscausethesametypesofinci-dentsashandtools,buttheinjuriescanbemoresevere.(b)Powertools,portablelightsorcordsetsshallbepro-tectedbyGFCIs.(c)Iftheinsulationonanelectrictoolorcordisbroken,cracked,missingordamaged,destroyanddiscardthetoolorcordortagoutthetooluntilitcanbeevaluatedandrepairedbyanauthorizedrepairfacility.(d)Nevertamperwithorremovethree-pronggroundingplugsorpins.Thisdefeatsthegroundingprotection.722020SafetyHandbook

Whengroundedoutletsarenotavailable-asmaybefoundinolderbuildings-adapterplugsshallbeusedwiththegroundingwiresecuredtoapositiveground.(Note:Thecoverplatescrewmaynotgiveapositiveground,useyourmeterorGFCItestertotestforpositiveground.)(e)AlwaysuseaGFCIwhenpluggedinevenwhenusingdoubleinsulatedtools.(f)Double-insulatedtoolsmaybeusediftheyareFigure9bdistinctivelymarkedwiththewords“DoubleInsulated,”orthesymbolshowninFigure9b.(g)Whenusingextensioncords,makesurethecordispluggedintoagroundedoutletofcorrectvolt-ageandthecordiscapableofcarryingtheexpectedload.ExtensioncordsshallconformtoOSHAStandardsandbeCompany-approved.110-voltextensioncordsshallbedurablymarkedwiththesize(12-3or14-3AWG)andtypeasnotedinthechartbelow:Figure9cApprovedMarkinasforExtensionCordsHardServiceJuniorHardServiceSSOSTSESJSJESJTSOOSTOSEOSJOSJEOSJTOSTOOSEOOSJOOSJEOOSJTOO(h)Flexiblecordsshallbeusedincontinuouslengthswith-outspliceortape.Electriccordsshallnotberunthroughholesinwalls,ceilingsorfloors.Ifrunthroughdoorways,windows,orsimilaropenings,theyshallbeprotectedfromdamage.Metalorplasticelectricalboxes,commonlyreferredtoas“handy”boxes,shallnotbeusedtomakeextensioncordsandmultipliers.Donot“fieldengineer”electricalcomponents.(k)Portablelightsshallbeequippedwithguardstopreventaccidentalcontactwiththebulb.Unlessguardsand2020SafetyHandbook73(i)G)

handlesareproperlygrounded,theyshallbemadefromnonconductivematerials.(L)Portablelightsshallnotbesuspendedbytheirelectriccords,unlesscordsandlightsaredesignedforthismeansofsuspension.(m)Workareas,walkwaysandsimilarlocationsshallbekeptclearofallcordssoasnottocreateahazardtoemployeesorsubjectcordstodamage.(n)Donotliftorlowerportableelectrictoolsbythepowercord;useahandline.Neverthrowtools,equipmentormaterialfromoneworkleveltoanother.(o)Keepallcordscoiledwhennotinuse.Topreventcorddamagedonotwrapcordstightlyaroundtools.(p)Hand-heldpowertoolsshallnotbeequippedwitha“deadman”control.Itmayhavealock-oncontrolprovidedturnoffcanbeaccomplishedbyasinglemotionofthesamefingerorfingersthatturniton.(q)Poweroperatedcuttingtoolsshallhaveafunctionalbrake.(r)Avoidforcingtools;letthetooldothework.(s)Unplugpowertoanytoolwhenadjustingorcleaningthetool.(t)Neveruseelectricaltoolsforpurposesotherthanintended.(u)Keepguardsinplaceandproperlyadjusted.(v)Haveafirmfootingandbeproperlybracedwhenusingpowertools.9.3PowderActuatedToolsPowderactuatedtoolsareprohibitedonallworksites.742020SafetyHandbook

Section10PORTABLELADDERS/SCAFFOLDS/STATIONARYWORKPLATFORMS10.1ScaffoldsandStationaryWorkPlatforms(a)ScaffoldsandstationaryworkplatformsshallbeerectedinaccordancewithapprovedsafetystandardsunderthesupervisionofaCompetentPerson(seeSection21).(b)Whenused,woodenorsyntheticplanksshallbemarkedasscaffold-grade.(c)Theassemblyanddisassemblyofscaffoldsandstation-aryworkplatformsshallbedoneusingapersonalfallarrestsystem(PFAS)andlifelineanytimethereismorethana6ft(1.8m)(unlesstheregulatoryauthorityrequires4ft.(1.2m))fallexposure.(d)Inhoistways,atleasttwo2in.(51mm)by10in.(254mm)planksmustbeusedwithaminimumof6in.(152mm)ofbearingandamaximumof12in.(305mm)ofoverhangbeyondthebearingsurface.Thespanshallnotexceed10ft(3.05m)forasingleplank.Theplanksshallbecleatedtopreventmovement.(e)Noplanksshallbeofsuchlengthastoextendintopas-sagewayswherethereisapossibilityofplankingbeingbumpedbythemovementofpeople,materialsorequip-mentthroughthearea.UndernocircumstancesshallothersbepermittedtousetheElevatorCompany’sscaffolds,scaffoldingmaterialsorstationaryworkplatformsunlessapprovedbyyourSupervisor/Manager.UndernocircumstancesshalltheelevatorcompanyuseothertradescaffoldsorstationaryworkplatformsunlessapprovedbyyourSupervisor/Manager.(f>2020SafetyHandbook75

(g)Ifitisnecessarytohaveworkersbelowtheworkarea,makesurecoverprotectionisprovided.Aminimumof3/4in.(19mm)plywoodon2in.(51mm)plankingshallbeused.(h)Nevererectscaffoldingorstationaryworkplatformsinanactivehoistway,unlessthecarhasbeencompletelyshutdownandthemainlinedisconnectswitchlockedoutandtagged.(SeeSection7.)(i)Donotclimbcrossbracesonscaffolds.(j)Whenusingtubularweldedframescaffold,thesectionsshallbejoinedtogetherusingthelockpinsprovidedforthatpurpose.(k)SpacingbetweenladderrungsshallmeetOSHAstandards.(L)Scaffoldsshallbeequippedwithbaseplates.(m)Scaffoldsandstationaryworkplatformsshallbetiedintothebuildingwithrigidconnectorsspaced4timestheminimumwidthatintervalsnotexceeding26ft(7.9m)(certainjurisdictionsmayrequiretighterspacing).(n)Unlessthescaffoldisfullyplankedandequippedwithproperguardrailsandtoeboards,theemployeeshallbetiedoffusingapersonalfall-arrestsystem.(o)Scaffoldingshallbeinspectedfordamageandproperassemblyeachdaybeforeuse.10.2PortableLadders(a)OnlyOSHA-compliantladdersshallbeused.(b)Usetype1-Aladders(300-lbrating)asaminimum.(c)Becausemetalladdersareconductorsofelectricity,theyshallnotbeused.(d)Extensionladdersshallbeequippedwithsafetyfeet.(e)Laddersshallbeexaminedfordefectsbeforeeveryuse.Thosefoundtobedefectiveshallbetagged“Defective-DoNotUse”andremovedfromthejobsite.(f)Laddersshallneverbepainted.762020SafetyHandbook

(g)Nomorethanonepersonisallowedonaladder.(h)Avoidreachingmorethananarm’slengthwhileworkingonaladder.(i)Donotworkfromthetop3rungsofanystraightorextensionladderortop2stepsofanA-frameladder.(j)Onlyladdersofsufficientlengthshallbeused.Addingmakeshiftextensionsisdangerousandprohibited.(k)Whenladdersareusedforascendingordescendingfromoneleveltoanother(e.g.access),extendtheladdertopatleast3ft(914mm)abovethelandingservedandtieitoff,withfeetsecuredagainstslippage.(L)Extensionladdersshallbeplacedsothatthespacebetweenthebottomoftheladderandthesupportingstructureis1/4thesupportedlengthoftheladder(seeFigure10a).(m)Whenplacingandusingextensionladders,careshallbetakentoavoidoverheadobstructionsandhazards(elec-trical,lowceilings,pipes,etc.).(n)Whenaladderisbeingusedinalocationwhereitmaybestruckbyothersinthearea,thereshallbeasecondpersonatthebottomoftheladderatalltimes.Laddersshallneverbeleftinsuchlocationswhennotinuse.Wheneveritisnecessarytoplacealadderinfrontofadooropening,thedoorshallbeblocked,lockedorguardedbyasecondperson.Whenladdersareplacedinanaisleorcorridor,theareashallbebarricadedorropedoff.(o)Beawareofthepotentialhazardofothertradesworkingonladdersinyourimmediatearea.(p)Liftandlowerlargearticleswithahandline.(q)Whenclimbingupanddown,alwaysfacetheladderandmaintain3-pointcontactatalltimes.(r)Extensionladdersshallnotbetakenaparttomaketwoladders.2020SafetyHandbook77

(s)Stepladdersshallonlybeusedintheirfullyopenposi-tionwithspreaderorlockingdeviceengagedtopreventaccidentalfold-upoftheladder.(t)Removetools,toolbucketandequipmentfromladderbeforemoving.(u)Whenworkingonaladder,maintainthreepointsofcon-tact,withcenterofbodywithintherailsatalltimesorfallprotectionshallbeusedwhen6ft.(1.8m)orgreaterabovetheground.Figure10ac4IllustrationshowsproperplacementofladderEo"tO)Q)Onfirmlevelsur-faceSafetyFeet/1/4of“L”782020SafetyHandbook

Section11MOVINGWORKPLATFORMS11.1RunningPlatforms(a)Therunningplatformisnotanelevatorandshallnotbeusedtohaulotherpersonnelormaterial.AnyotheruseofarunningplatformshallbeapprovedbyyourSuperintendent/Manager.Intheeventthatworkdonebyanothertrademustbedoneonarunningplatform,itshallbedoneonlywiththepermissionofyourSuperintendent/Manager.AnymovementofarunningplatformshallbedonebyElevatorCompanyPersonnelonly.(b)Beforehoistingorropingofaplatform,thegovernorshallbeinstalledandropedtothesafetyreleasingarmandtestedtoensurethatthesafetyisoperational.(c)Fallprotectionshouldalwaysbeutilized-However,ifapersonalfallprotectionsystemisnotutilized,therun-ningplatformshallbeequippedwithguardrailsandtoeboards.Thefrontoftheplatformshallbeequippedwithremovableguardrailsuntilthefrontofthehoist-wayiscompletelyenclosed.(d)Whenrequiredtherunningplatformshallbecounter-weightedfortheweightofthecarplatformassemblyanditsexpectedload.Counterweightsshallbesecuredfrombouncingorbeingliftedoutoftheframe.(e)Temporaryruncontrolsandcordsshallbeinspecteddaily.Damagedcordshallbedestroyedanddiscarded.(f)Temporaryruncontrolsshallbethreebuttoncontrol(“UP,”“DOWN,”“SAFETY”)sothatittakesactivationoftwobuttonstorunanydirection,plusanemergencystopswitchonastand-alonecircuit.Cordsshallbefittedwithstrainreliefandinsulationshallbeintact.Allbuttonsshallfunctionasintended.2020SafetyHandbook79

(g)Theoperatingstationshallhaveameansforlockingitoutofserviceordisconnectingittopreventunauthorizeduse.(h)Buffersshallbeinplacebeforeusingarunningplatform.(i)Runningplatformforhydraulicelevatorsshallneverbehoistedwithachainfallorwinch.11.2TemporaryCars(a)Whenanelevatoristobeturnedovertothebuildingownerorgeneralcontractorfortemporaryuseduringconstruc-tion,itshallmeetalltherequirementsofSection5.10oftheASMEA17.1SafetyCodeforElevatorsandEscalatorsand/orapplicablelocalcode.Postpropersignsshowingcapacityinpounds(kilograms)andnumberofpeople.(b)ThesignedTemporaryAcceptanceFormshallshowallowablecapacityinpounds(kilograms)andnumberofpassengers.Ifcounterweight,settingofgovernor,orareaofcarplatformhavebeenaltered,coordinatewithyourofficetoprovideproperdocumentationforopera-tionofthetemporaryelevator.11.3FalseCarsAndOtherDevicesUsedInTheHoistway(a)Thereareavarietyoffalsecarsandsimilardevicesusedinthehoistwaytostackrails,setbrackets,sethoistwayentrances,runhoistwaywiring,etc.Rememberthefollowingveryimportantpointsatalltimes:(1)Intheeventthatworkdonebyanothertrademustbedonefromafalsecar,itshallbedoneonlywiththepermissionofyourSuperintendent/Manager.(2)AnymovementofafalsecarshallbebyElevatorCompanyPersonnelonly.(b)ThisequipmentisdesignedtomoveCompanyworkers,equipmentandsupplies“only”.Themaximumloadona802020SafetyHandbook

Figure11a>V,T/i99[:iFootSafetyRelease(Installoppositemotor-sideofcableclimbingdevice.)iDetail2020SafetyHandbook81

Figure11bsee11.3(f)FALSECARWITHOPTIONALDEBRISNETTypicalarrangementofsafetyequippedworkingplatformwithoptionaloverheadprotection,hoistandwireropesafety.NOTE:Nettobeattachedsoitwillbreakawayinafall.Hangingbutnotsecuredtotheuprights.822020SafetyHandbook

falsecarshallnotexceedthemanufacturer’sratedload.Themanufacturer’sratedloadshallbepostedontheequipment.Theassemblyanddisassemblyofafalsecarshallbedoneusingbodyharnesses,shock-absorbinglanyardsandlifelinesanytimethereismorethana6ft(1.8m)fallexposure.(SeeSection3.6.)Whenafalsecarisfirstplacedinuseonajobormovedfromonehoistwaytoanother,asafetytestasdetailedbyCompanyPolicyshallbeperformedtoensurethesafetiesholdtheload.Thistestshallbedocumentedandafilemaintainedaslongasthefalsecarisinuseinthathoist-way.Adailytestshallbedoneonastaticbasisbeforeusingthecareachday.Theoverheadsupportsandrig-gingshallbecheckedonadailybasisalso.Thesafetytestshallbeperformedat-orascloseaspossibletothelowestlanding.Itisequallyimportantthatthefalsecarsafetiesbeproperlyadjustedforthesizerailsonwhichtheyarebeingused.Neverdisablethesafetiesbytyingbackthesafetycables.Thetwosidesandrearofthefalsecarshallbeprovidedwithaguardrailsystem42in.±3in.(1067mm+76mm)highwithamidrail21in.(533mm)highandtoeboard3-1/2in.(90mm)high,conformingtoOSHArequire-ments.Cartopguardrailsshallbeinstalledacrossthefrontofthefalsecar.Whereworkingconditionsaresuchthatoverheadprotectionisrequiredonthecar,theuseofadebrisnetwith1/4in.(6.4mm)openingsisrecommended.Analternativetotheoptionalsafetynetisaplywoodstruc-turemountedoverheadonanangleslantingtothebackofthehoistway.Ifrequired,thisprotectivestructureshouldbehingedwithaheavygradehingeandhardware.Inthecaseoffrontandrearopeningstheoverheadprotectionshallbeslantedtothesideofanynon-opposingequipment.Therearetworecommendedmethodsofmovingafalsecarinthehoistway.Thefirstisacable-climbing-type2020SafetyHandbook83(C)(d)(e)(0(g)

device.Theseareavailableunderavarietyofnames,suchasPowerClimber,SkyClimber,andCableClimbers,etc.Eachunithassomeminordifferences,butbasically,theyoperateinthesamemanner.Theyclimbawireropethathasbeenlocatedinthehoistwayandsecurelyfastenedtotheoverheadsupportstructure.Theexcesswireropeisnormallycoiledupandhunginthepittopreventdamagetoit.(h)Thereshallbeasafetyline(blockstop)orothersecond-arysafetydeviceinstalledtoholdtheunitincaseoffailureofthemainhoistrope.Thissafetylinecaneitherbeinstalledinthemotoroftheclimberoritcanrunthroughthecable-climbingdeviceitself.Intheeventafalsecarisoperatedintheupperpartofahigh-risehoistwaywithoutenoughwireropetotravelthedistance,sufficientsafeguardsshallbetakentopreventthefalsecarfromtravelingbeyondthelengthofthewirerope.(j)Thecable-climbingdeviceisattachedtothefalsecarbyboltingittotheliftingangleattachedtothefalse-carsafetyplank.Alwaysusecase-hardenedboltswithlocknutsforattachments.Someimportantthingstowatchoutforare:(1)Fistgripsshallbeusedonthewireropesoftheclimber.U-bolt-typeclipsshallnotbeused.(2)Adequatepaddingshallbeplacedaroundtheentiresupportmembers;and(3)Allboltsshallbetightenedandcheckedonadailybasis.(k)Anothermethodofpositioningafalsecaristouseadrumhoistoutsideofthehoistway.Nopersonnelshallridetheplatformasitisbeingpositioned.Thedrumhoistisriggedwithoverheadsheavesatthetopofthehoist-waytoproperlyguidethehoistropefromthehoistingmachinetothefalsecar.Thehoistingmachineshallbe(i)842020SafetyHandbook

equippedwithaslackropeswitch.Thereshallbeanoperatoratthehoist,andthereshallbeapositivetwo-waycommunicationbetweenthehoistoperatorandtheworkersonthefalsecar.Thisisrequiredanytimeahoistingmachineisbeingusedfromaremotelocation.Aproperguardrailsystemshallbeprovidedattheland-ingwherethehoistislocated.(I)Shattersandothersimilar-typepiecesofequipmentareoperatedinthesamemannerasfalsecarsandrequireperiodicsafetytestsandinspectionsaccordingtothemanufacturer’sspecifications.Shattersalsohaveanindependentsafetyline(blockstop)toarrestthefalloftheunitintheeventthehoistropefails,andshallbeinstalledonalljobswhereshattersareused.2020SafetyHandbook85

Section12MATERIALHANDLING12.1ManualHandlingLiftingofMaterial(a)Whenanyheavyobjectistobeliftedandcarriedtoanotherpoint,firstinspectandcleartheareaandrouteoverwhichtheobjectistobecarried.Besurenothingisinthewaythatmightcauseslippingortripping.(b)Inspecttheobjecttobeliftedtodeterminehowitwillbegrasped.Makesureitisfreeofsharpedges,protrudingnailpoints,sliversorotherhazardsthatmightcauseinjurytothehandsorbody.Wearappropriateglovestoprotecthands.(SeeSection3.)(c)Donotpermitmaterialstoragewithin6ft(1.8m)ofesca-latorwellwaysorelevatorhoistways.LiftingLoads(a)Incorrectliftingmethodsrequireunnecessaryeffortandoftencausestrainorothertypesofinjuries.Whenitisnecessarytoliftanyobjectwhichisdifficultforonepersontohandle,askforhelp.(b)Thesafestwaytoliftisactuallytheeasiestwaytolift(seeFigure12a):Figure12a52-3-41862020SafetyHandbook

(1)Getasecurefooting.(2)Bendatkneestograsptheobject.(3)Keepanaturalcurveinbackandasnearlyuprightaspossible.(4)Getafirmhold.(5)Liftgraduallybystraighteninglegs,keepingthebackasnearlystraightaspossible.Thesameproceduremustbeobservedwhensettingloadsdown.(c)Acommoninjurythatoccursinourindustryisbacksprainorstrain.Low-backpainisthemostcommonailment.Themisconceptionthatbackinjuriesareonlycausedbyimproperliftinglullsusintoafalsesenseofsecurity.Overexertion,overextending,overreachingandimproperbendingaresomeofthemanycausesoflow-backpain.Mostofthelow-backailmentsarenor-mallynotofaseriousnature,untilwechoosetoignorethewarningsigns.Whenthishappens,thebackachesbecomechronic.PositionforLiftingFigure12bRightCDCDCDWeightclosetobodyLegsbentCDCDCOCOAlltheloadisontheback2020SafetyHandbook87

Figure12cHELPFULHINTSFORONANDOFFTHEJOBWalkwithgoodposture.Keepheadhigh-chintuckedin.Don’tslouch.Don’twearimpropershoes.DO’SDON'TS\Stayclosetoyourworkandkeepfeetflatonfloor.Don’toverextendyourreachbybeingontiptoes.882020SafetyHandbook

Figure12dDO’SDON'TSDon’tSlump.Keepchairclosetoyourwork.Avoidexcessiveleaningandarchingyourback.Keepfeetflatonthefloorwhensitting.Yourbackshouldbe^firmlyagainstthebackofthechair.IRK/,Bendwithyourknees-keepanaturalcurveinyourback.Liftobjectsonlychesthigh.Don’tbendwithyourlegsstraight.Avoidliftingaboveshoul-derlevel.Sleeponfirmmattress.Sleeponyoursidewithyourkneesbent.Don’tsleeponsoft,saggingmattresses.Sleepingonyourstomachwillcauseswayback.2020SafetyHandbook89

12.2RampingandBlockingofMaterial(a)Handlingofallheavymaterialsrequiresconsiderablecare.Neveruse“shortcuts.”(b)Keepyoureyesontasktothepositionoffingersandfeetwhenusingrollers,pinchbars,jacksandblockingtomoveheavymaterialsandequipment.(c)Beforetryingtoliftaloadwithapinchbar,besuretotakeanample“bite.”(d)Jacksshallalwaysbeplacedonasolidfootingandsolocatedthatagood“bite”isprovidedontheobjectbeingmoved.(e)Timberusedforblockingandcribbingshallbeofade-quatesizetocarryanddistributeloadsbeingsupported.(f)Whenplacingblockingandcribbing,besuretohaveamplebearingsurface.Neverstackthetimberinsuchamannerthatmaneuveringtheloadcouldcauseittotip.(g)Whenevermorethantwotiersoftimberareused,besuretocross-rib.(h)Secureskid-boardstoeliminatethepossibilityoftheirshifting,andblockorcribthemtopreventexcessiveorunevendeflection.(i)Passagewaysforthemovementofmaterialsandequip-mentshallbeclearedofdebrisandobstaclestoaffordneededworkingspaceandeaseofmovement.(j)Beforemovingextremelyheavyloads(machines,escalatortrusses,etc.)checkwithyourSuperintendent/Managerthatthefloorwillsupporttheload.12.3HoistingandRigging(a)Stayclearoftheloadatalltimes,neverstandundertheload,knowtheweightoftheload,capacityofyourequipment,thestructuretowhichyouareriggingandtheoverallconditionoftheseitems.Standuphillortothesideofaloadthat’sonaramp.902020SafetyHandbook

(b)Donotallownon-CompanypersonneltouseElevatorCompanyhoistingandrigging.(c)Elevatorpersonnelmustbeawareofallhoistingbeingdoneinoraroundtheirworkarea.Alwaystakenecessarysafetyprecautions.(d)Whenelevatorpersonnelareconductinghoistingopera-tions,accesstohoistingareas,especiallyhoistwaysandwellways,shallberestrictedtoelevatorpersonnelinvolvedinthelift.Warningsignsshallbeposted.(e)Elevatorpersonnelshallavoidareaswhereothertradesarehoisting.(f)Beforemakingthefirsthoist,andatthestartofeachdaythereafter,whenthehoististobeused,therigging,overheadsupports,blocking,etc.,shallbeinspectedbythemechanic/MIC.Thehoistshallbeinspectedvisuallypriortoeachuse.Itshallbetestedbyraisingtheloadseveralinchesandholdingittherepriortomakinganactuallift.(g)Poweroperatedriggingequipmentshallbetestedtoensurethemachinestallspriortoriggingbreakingorcomingloose(i.e.,tietomajorsupportstructure-activatemotortoensureintegrityofriggingsystem).(h)Thesafeworkingloadofahoist,oranypartoftheriggingsystem,asdeterminedbythemanufacturer,shallbeclearlymarkedonthehoistorotherequipment,andthissafeworkingloadshallnotbeexceeded.Ifthehoistorotherequipmentisnotmarkedwiththesafeworkingload-donotuseit.(i)Onlycompanyapprovedhoistingandriggingequipmentshallbeused.Noalterationstoanyhoistingandriggingequipmentshallbemadewithoutthemanufacturer’swrittenapproval.Annualormanufacturer’srecommendedtest-2020SafetyHandbook91

ingtocertifythesafeworkingloadofthehoistshallbedonebyaqualifiedtestingfacilityandthehoistshallbetaggedoridentifiedcertifyingtestanddate.(k)Thesupportingstructuretowhichthehoistisattachedshallhavesufficientstrengthtosupporttheload.(RefertoAllowableConcentratedLoadsonAmericanStandardBeamsinFigure22i).(L)Thesupportshallbearrangedsoastoprovideforfreemovementofthehoistandshallnotrestrictthehoistfromliningitselfupwiththeload.(m)Thehoistshallbeinstalledonlyinlocationsthatpermittheoperatortostandclearoftheloadatalltimes.(n)Theoverheadstructureshallbepaddedwhereanychokeorassemblyispassedoversteel.Thispaddingisessentialtokeepingtheriggingingoodcondition.(o)Onlyproperlymanufacturedwireropeornylonslingsandchokersshallbeusedforrigging.Neverusea“homemade”oralteredslingorchoker.(p)Donotusethehoistchainasachoker.(q)Donotuseajackwrenchasaliftingblock.Thesearenotdesignedfortheseuses.(r)Theuseoftwoormorechainhoistsforhoistingasingleelevatorequipmentloadisnotpermitted,unlessanyoneofthemwillhandletheentireloadbyitself.Thisissuper-cededbyanelevator/escalatorspecificliftingplan.(s)Wheneveraloadcannotbeliftedbyonepersonpullingonthechain,investigateforoverloadoradefectinthechainfall.(t)Topreventhooksfrombeingdisengagedfromtheloadoroverheadsupport,itisrecommendedthatonlyhookswithsafetylatchesbeused.Hookswhichdonothavesafetylatchesshallbemousedasatemporarymeasure.(u)Aclevis-typeshackle,withlockingdeviceorthroughboltwithjamnut,ornutwithcotterpin,shallbeusedtohoistrails,brackets,etc.922020SafetyHandbook

(v)Useonlymanufacturerrecommendedwireropeofthepropersizeforpoweredhoists.Alwaysexaminesuchwireropefordefects.Wireropesfoundtobedefectiveshallnotbeused.(w)Alwaysweargloveswhenhandlingwirerope.(x)Whenusingacapstanhoist,donotstandinthecoilofrope.(y)Donotrigthecapstanhoistsoastooverloadit.Figure12eVERTICALPULLONLYChokerorBeamClampChokerLoadLineToWinchSnatchBlocko'*6vLiftLineDonotpullsothatbendingstressisputonbeamclamp.2020SafetyHandbook93

(aa)Donotdrilladditionalholesinthecapstanhoist’smountingbrackets,asthiscouldweakenthehoist.(ab)Ratedloaddividedbythenumberofpartsoftheropeshallnotexceed20%ofthenominalbreakingstrengthoftherope(i.e.,safetyfactorof5).(ac)Wireropeusedforsupportingthetopblockhoistrigshallhave,asaminimum,onemoreturnthanthenumberofsheavesusedinthetravelinghoistrope,andshallbewellpaddedwhereitgoesaroundthesupportbeam.Remember:Wireropestrengthdeterio-rates25%whenitiswrappedaroundsupportsandissecuredwithfistgriptypeclips.(ad)Hoistmachinesshallbesubstantiallysecuredsothattheywillnotshiftunderaload.(ae)Whenstartingalift,graduallytakeslackoutofslingsandmakesurethatnoone’shandsareinapositiontobecaughtbetweentheloadandslinghook.(af)Neverattempttomakealiftormoveequipmentwhenanyoneisinapositiontobeinjuredshouldtheloadshiftorfall.(ag)Donotdragsling,chains,etc.,alongthefloororacrossequipment.(ah)Whenhoistingrailsintoahoistway,andtheguardrailsystemmustberemovedtoallowaccess,ifthereismorethana6ft(1.8m)fallexposure,theemployeefeedingtherailsintothehoistwayshallbeprotectedfromfallingintothehoistwaybyapersonalfallarrestsystemattachedtoalifeline.Remembertokeeptheguardrailsystemupontheunusedportionsofthehoist-wayandkeepothersoutofyourhoistingarea.(ai)Clearcommunicationsarerequired.Allverbalcommandsshallberepeatedbythereceivingpartyandreconfirmedbythedirectingparty.942020SafetyHandbook

Figure12fAllowableNumberofBrokenStrandsforWireRopesusedinHoistingEquipment1.Sixrandomlydistributedbrokenwiresinonelay.2.Threebrokenwiresinonestrandononelay.3.Ifone-thirdoftheoutsidewiresshowwearordisintegrateatanyplaceontherope.CausesOfWireRopeFailure1.Usingwireropeofinsufficientstrengthforthejob.2.Improperrigging.3.Kinking.4.Improperlubrication,storageandcare,allowingrusting,corrosionorinternalabrasion.5.Exposuretoextremeheat.6.Crushingonwinchdrum.7Usingdrumsorsheavesofinsufficientdiameterofincorrecttread.8.Permittingropestoabradeoversharpcornersorotherfixedobjects.9.Contactwithelectricalcurrent.SignsOfWireRopeDeterioration1.Reductionofropediameterbelownominaldiameterduetolossofcoresupport,internal/externalcorrosion,orwearofoutsidewire.2.Brokenoutsidewiresanddegreeofdistributionorconcentrationofbrokenwires.3.Wornoutsidewires.4.Corroded,rustyorbrokenwiresatendconnections.5.Severekinking,crushing,cuttingand/orunstranding.2020SafetyHandbook95

12.4WireRopeFasteningsWhenitisnecessarytomakeashortbend,asinattach-ingwireropeorwhenitistobelooped,thimblesshallalwaysbeused.Fistgripsarepreferredfastenersbecausethewireropedoesnotbecomedamaged.Informinganeye,thelooseor“dead”endisclampedagainstthemainpartoftherope,withthewire-ropeclipsspacedadistanceequaltosixtimesthediameteroftherope.Wire-ropeclipfasteningsseldomdevelopmorethan80%ofropestrength,atbest.Thepointofgreatestfatigueand/orwearinaropeusuallydevelopsatorneartheendwhereitisattachedtothebecketontheblock.Clipsshallbeinspectedatleastdaily,andtightenediftheyshowsignsofloosening.Allconnectionsshallbeperiodicallydisassembledandthewireropeinspectedfordamageonaregularbasis.(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)Figure12gDoubleSaddleClips(FistGripand“J”Clips)Ml962020SafetyHandbook

12.5ChainHoists(a)Generallychainhoistsaremoredurable,moreadapt-ableandstrongerthanblockandtackle.(b)Allchainhoistsshallbevisuallyinspectedfordefectspriortofirstuse,anddailywheninuse.(c)Thelowerhookonallchainhoistsisdesignedtobetheweakestpartandwillspreadwhenoverloaded.Whenthisoccurs,theentirehoistshallbeinspected.(d)Damagedhoistsshallberemovedfromservice.(e)Repairsshallonlybemadebyanauthorizedrepresentativeofthemanufacturer.Thisincludesthereplacementofachain.(f)Theunitshallbereturnedtothevendorfortesting,main-tenanceandinternalinspectionasrecommendedbythemanufacturer.(g)Alwaysuseproperhandsignalswhenhoisting.SeeFigures12iand12j.(h)Discardhooksthatspreadbeyondallowablespread,seeFigure12y.12.6SlingsandHitches(a)Chainslingsshallnotbeusedwhenhoistingmaterial.(b)Nylonslingsaretobeusedforhoistingequipmentwithintheirratedload.Labelwithratingshallbeattachedtosling.(c)Nylonslingsshallbeinspectedforcutsortearsbeforeusinganddamagedslingsdiscarded.(d)Thetypeofslingorhitchtobeusedshallbedeter-minedfromtheshapeoftheloadandbytheflexibilityandconditionoftherope.Inliftingmultipleobjects,suchasaloadoflumberorsteelsheathing,theslingmustbindontheloadsufficientlytopreventslippingoftheindividualpieces.Inhandlingsinglepieces,suchas2020SafetyHandbook97

timbers,postsorpiles,atimberhitchwithtwohalf-hitches(orasimilarhitch)shallbeused.(e)Onlyapprovedslingsofpropersizeshallbeusedforslingingloads.(f)Inusingwireropeasstrapsforhookingontotackleblocks,thereshallbethesamenumberofpartsofropeinthestrapastherearemovingpartsinthetackle.Forinstance,iftriple-blocktackleisused,thereshallbesixpartsofropeforthestrap.(g)EndlesswireslingsshallbemadeusingaminimumofsixfistgripropeclipsasshowninFigure12h.Iftheropeisgreaterthan5/8in.(16mm)additionalfistgripropeclipsarerequired,seeFigure12ac.Figure12hENDLESSSLINGASSEMBLYK\\\/DD—iD=6timesdiameterofrope(AlsoseeSection12.7CrosbyLiftingGuide)12.7CrosbyLiftingGuideThefollowingpagesofinformationinthissectionhavebeenprintedwithpermissionofTheCrosbyGroupInc.Thestrengthsoftheslings,shacklesandotherriggingequipmentidentifiedwithinthesepagesaretobeusedinconjunctionwiththereferencedCrosbyproducts.WhenusingriggingequipmentnotmanufacturedbyCrosby,obtainappropriatestrengthandcapacityinformationfromthemanufactureroftheproductsthatarebeingused.982020SafetyHandbook

Figure12iHANDHOISTINGSIGNALSHOIST.Withforearmvertical,forefingerpointingupmovehandinsmallhorizontalcircle.EMERGENCYSTOP.Armsextendedpalmsdown,movehandsrapidlyrightandleft.MOVESLOWLY.Useonehandtogiveanymotionsignalandplaceotherhandmotionlessinfrontofhandgivingthemotionsignal.(HoistSlowlyshowninexample.)2020SafetyHandbook99

Figure12jHANDHOISTINGSIGNALSLOWER.Witharmextendeddownward,forefingerpointingdown,movehandinsmallhorizontalcircles.STOP.Armextended,palmdown,movehandrapidlyrightandleft.DOGEVERYTHING.Clasphandsinfrontofbody.1002020SafetyHandbook

Figure12ka>"OOu>&JD</>Ooh-CMOOa>(/)a><i>(Ao0)<2020SafetyHandbook101

Figure1210)T3(3O)c>»JD</)OoCMOO<DCO0)a>c/)oc/)<1022020SafetyHandbook

Figure12m1CrosbyUSERSGUIDELIFTINGVERSION(4/02)RISKMANAGEMENTTERMINOLOGYFORADDITIONALSUPPORTDEFINITIONWORKINGLOADLIMIT(WLL)COMPREHENSIVESETOFACTIONSTHATREDUCESTHERISKOFAPROBLEM,AFAILURE,ANACCIDENTTHEMAXIMUMMASSORFORCEWHICHTHEPRODUCTISAUTHORIZEDTOSUPPORTINAPARTICULARSERVICE.thoGposbyg^nPROOFTESTP.O.Box3128TulsaOklahoma74101Phone:(918)834-4611Fax:(918)832-09401-800-777-1555Web:www.thecrosbygroup.comE-Mail:crosbygroup@thecrosbygroup.comCrosbyQualityContinuumATESTAPPLIEDTOAPRODUCTSOLELYTODETERMINEINJURIOUSMATERIALORMANUFACTURINGDEFECTS.ULTIMATESTRENGTHTHEAVERAGELOADORFORCEATWHICHTHEPRODUCTFAILSORNOLONGERSUPPORTSTHELOAD.IV)/nyirirmitv;ManufacturingOr\)DESIGNFACTORoCustomerServiceCO\1cmagcmrtttANINDUSTRIALTERMDENOTINGAPRODUCT’STHEORETICALRESERVECAPABILITY;USUALLYCOMPUTEDBYDIVIDINGTHECATALOGULTIMATELOADBYTHEWORKINGLOADLIMIT.GENERALLYEXPRESSEDASARATIO,e.g.5TO1.0)BLOCKS&FITTINGSFORWIREROPE&CHAINCDRncarrhtcCompletePrvdurtIJwDevelopment£CDCROSBY®FITTINGSLEBUS®McKISSICK®WESTERNNATIONAL3Q.O'OOOw

Figure12no4^l\DO2THEBASICRIGGINGPLANRESPONSIBILITYrv>ocn1.WHOISRESPONSIBLE(COMPETENT)FORTHERIGGING?COMMUNICATIONESTABLISHED?2.ISTHEEQUIPMENTINACCEPTABLECONDITION?APPROPRIATETYPE,PROPERIDENTIFICATION?3.ARETHEWORKINGLOADLIMITSADEQUATE?CAPACITYOFGEARKNOWN?WHATISTHEWEIGHTOFLOAD?WHEREISTHECENTEROFGRAVITY?WHATISTHESLINGANGLE?WILLTHEREBEANYANGULARORSIDELOADING?ARETHESLINGSPADDEDAGAINSTSHARPCORNERS?4.WILLTHELOADBEUNDERCONTROL?ISTHELOADRIGGEDTOTHECENTEROFGRAVITY?ISTHEHITCHAPPROPRIATE?TAGLINENEEDED?ISTHEREANYPOSSIBILITYOFFOULING?CLEAROFPERSONNEL?5.ARETHEREANYUNUSUALLOADINGORENVIRONMENTALCONDITIONS?WIND,TEMPERATURE,OTHER?6.SPECIALREQUIREMENTS?USERRESPONSIBILITYCDCD1.UTILIZEAPPROPRIATERIGGINGGEARSUITABLEFOROVERHEADLIFTING.2.UTILIZETHERIGGINGGEARWITHININDUSTRYSTANDARDSANDTHEMANUFACTURER’SRECOMMENDATIONS.3.CONDUCTREGULARINSPECTIONANDMAINTENANCEOFTHERIGGINGGEAR.CD5CLCrOoMANUFACTURERSRESPONSIBILITY1.PRODUCTANDAPPLICATIONINFORMATION2.PRODUCTTHATISCLEARLYIDENTIFIEDNAMEORLOGOLOADRATINGANDSIZETRACEABILITY3.PRODUCTPERFORMANCEWORKINGLOADLIMITDUCTILITYFATIGUEPROPERTIESIMPACTPROPERTIESQUIC-CHECKI

Figure12oINSPECTIONOFHARDWAREINSPECTIONOFWIREROPESLINGS3DEFORMATIONREMOVEFROMSERVICEIFANYSIGNIFICANTDEFORMATION.CHECKTHROATOPENINGOFHOOKS.PERANSIB30.9ALLSLINGSANDATTACHMENTSSHALLBEVISUALLYINSPECTEDBYTHEPERSONHANDLINGTHESLINGEACHDAYTHEYAREUSED.INADDITION,APERIODICINSPECTIONSHALLBEPERFORMEDBYADESIGNATEDPERSON,ATLEASTANNUALLY,ANDSHALLINCLUDEARECORDOFTHEINSPECTION.WEARREMOVEFROMSERVICEIFEXCESSIVEWEAR.WEARISEXCESSIVEIF:MORETHAN5%WEARINTHROATOREYEOFHOOKANDOTHERCRITICALAREASOFHARDWARE.MORETHAN10%WEARINOTHERAREAS.INSPECTIONCRITERIACOREPROTRUSIONCORROSIONBIRDCAGINGBROKENWIRESKINKINGCRUSHINGUNSTRANDINGBROKENORCUTSTRANDSSTRANDINGDISPLACEMENTCRACKS,NICKS,GOUGESREMOVEFROMSERVICEIFCRACKS,NICKS,ORGOUGESAREDETECTED.BROKENWIRESREMOVEFROMSERVICESTRANDLAIDANDSINGLEPARTSLINGSIFTENORMORERANDOMLYDISTRIBUTEDWIRESINONEROPELAY,ORFIVEBROKENWIRESINONEROPESTRANDINONEROPELAY.DOMODIFICATIONDONOTWELD,DONOTSUBSTITUTESHACKLEPINSOROTHERCOMPONENTS,DONOTHEAT,BENDORMODIFYINANYMANNER.ODOoCO03CDPROPERFUNCTIONIMPROPERLYINSTALLEDHARDWAREORMALFUNCTIONISCAUSEFORREMOVAL.CHECKFORLATCHES,SWIVELBEARINGS,LOCKINGDEVICES,ANDINSTALLATIONOFWIREROPECLIPSANDWEDGESOCKETS.DISTORTIONOFWIREROPEREMOVEFROMSERVICEWIREROPESLINGSTHATHAVEANYDAMAGERESULTINGINDISTORTIONOFTHEWIREROPESTRUCTURESUCHASKINKING,CRUSHING,UNSTRANDING,BIRDCAGING,STRANDDISPLACEMENTORCOREPROTRUSION.I0303Q.O'ooO03

Figure12poCDl\DINSPECTIONOFSYNTHETICSLINGS4INSPECTIONOFCHAINSLINGSorv>oPERANSIB30.9ALLSLINGSANDATTACHMENTSSHALLBEVISUALLYINSPECTEDBYTHEPERSONHANDLINGTHESLINGEACHDAYTHEYAREUSED.INADDITION,APERIODICINSPECTION(NORMALSERVICE:YEARLY,SEVERESERVICE:MONTHLY)SHALLBEPERFORMEDBYADESIGNATEDPERSON,ATLEASTANNUALLY,ANDSHALLINCLUDEARECORDOFTHEINSPECTION.PERANSIB30.9ALLSLINGSANDATTACHMENTSSHALLBEVISUALLYINSPECTEDBYTHEPERSONHANDLINGTHESLINGEACHDAYTHEYAREUSED.INADDITION,APERIODICINSPECTIONSHALLBEPERFORMEDBYADESIGNATEDPERSON,ATLEASTANNUALLY,ANDSHALLINCLUDEARECORDOFTHEINSPECTION.COB)CDCD5CLCrOINSPECTIONCRITERIABROKENSTITCHESWORNSTITCHESEXCESSIVEABRASIONKNOTSOINSPECTIONCRITERIAACIDORCAUSTICBURNSMELTINGORCHARRINGHOLES,CUTSTEARS,SNAGSWELDSPLATTEREXCESSIVETEMPERATUREWEARNICK,CRACKS,BREAKSGOUGES,STRETCH,BENDSTHROATOPENINGOFHOOKROUNDSLINGNOTESREMOVEFROMSERVICEROUNDSLINGSTHATHAVECOREFIBEREXPOSEDBYHOLES,TEARS,CUTS,EMBEDDEDPARTICLES,WEARORSNAGS.REMOVEFROMSERVICEROUNDSLINGSTHATHAVEMELTING,CHARRINGORWELDSPLATTERONANYPARTOFSLING.CHAINLINKSREMOVESLINGFROMSERVICEIFLINKSAREWORNEXCESSIVELY(MORETHAN10%ORREFERTOMANUFACTURER’SINFORMATION),SHARPTRANSVERSENICKSANDGOUGESSHOULDBEROUNDEDOUTBYGRINDING(DONOTEXCEEDWEARALLOWANCE).CHAINLINKSANDATTACHMENTSSHOULDHINGEFREELYTOADJACENTLINKS.IDENTIFICATIONWEBSLINGSANDROUNDSLINGSSHALLBEPERMANENTLYMARKEDINDICATING:MANUFACTURER’STRADEMARKANDCODE(ORSTOCKNUMBER),RATEDLOADSFORTHETHREEHITCHESANDMATERIAL.IDENTIFICATIONCHAINSLINGSSHALLHAVEPERMANENTLYAFFIXEDIDENTIFICATIONSTATING:SIZE,GRADE,RATEDLOAD,NUMBEROFLEGSANDMANUFACTURER.

Figure12qWIREROPESLINGCAPACITIES(LBS.)-FLEMISHEYE-ANSIB30.956X1 9AND6X37IMPROVEDPLOWSTEEL-IWRC5/1DESIGNFACTORCrosbyVpANGLE*$Q&TCARBONSHACKLEMINIMUMSHACKLESIZEFORAD/d>1ATLOADCONNECTION12090°WIREROPE]*SIZETWOLEGORBASKETHITCHSHACKLEVERTICAL(SINGLELEG)60DEGREESLINGANGLE45DEGREESLINGANGLE30DEGREESLINGANGLESIZECHOKER5/161/4112082022001940150011205/163/81740128034003000240017403/87/162400184048004200340024007/161/2340024006800580048003400IV)1/25/8440032008800760062004400O9/165/81120056004000960079005600N)3/45/868005000136001180096006800O3/47/8980072001960016900138009800CO7/8113200960026400 2280018600132000)11-1/8170001260034000300002400017000CD1-1/81-1/42000015800400003460028300200001-1/41-3/82600019400520004500036700260003;1-3/81-1/23000024000600005200042400300000)•RATEDCAPACITIESBASEDONPINDIAMETERORHOOKNOLONGERTHANTHENATURALEYEWIDTH(1/2XEYELENGTH)ORLESSTHANTHENOMINALSLINGDIAMETER3Q.CTREFERTOANSIB30.9FORFULLDETAILSOOHORIZONTALSLINGANGLESOFLESSTHAN30DEGREESARENOTRECOMMENDEDo^1

Figure12roool\DWIREROPESLINGCAPACITIES-TONS(2000LBS.)-FLEMISHEYE-ASMEB30.95AOrv>o6X1 9AND6X37EXTRAIMPROVEDPLOWSTEEL-IWRC5/1DESIGNFACTORHORIZONTALSLINGANGLESOFLESSTHAN30DEGREESARENOTRECOMMENDEDCOB)CDWIREROPEIOI3:SIZEftINCHES3ICLCrOoSINGLE SINGLECHOKERTWOLEGSLINGVERTICALTWOLEGSUNGTWOLEGCHOKERLEG606045(VERTICAL)HORIZONTALHORIZONTALSLINGANGLESLINGANGLEHORIZONTALSLINGANGLE1/40.650.481.31.10.90.83/82.92.52.01.41.11.87/161.91.43.93.42.72.51/22.51.94.43.63.25.19/163.22.46.44.54.15.55/83.92.97.86.85.55.03/45.64.111.09.77.97.17/87.65.615.013.011.09.79.87.220.017.0 14.013.011-1/812.09.124.021.017.0 16.01-1/415.011.030.026.021.019.0

Figure12sWIREROPESLINGSANDCONNECTIONSTOFITTINGS6WIREROPESLINGSANDCONNECTIONSTOFITTINGSnACHOKERHITCHHAS75%OFTHECAPACITYOFASINGLELEGONLYIFTHECORNERSARESOFTENEDANDTHEHORIZONTALANGLEISGREATERTHAN30DEGREES.USEABLOCKOFWOODUNDERCHOKETOINSUREANGLEISPROPER.NEVERPLACEASLINGEYEOVERAFITTINGWITHADIAMETERORWIDTHGREATERTHANONEHALFTHENATURALLENGTHOFTHEUSEATHIMBLETOPROTECTSLINGANDINCREASED/d$/NEVERPLACEEYEOVERAFITTINGSMALLERDIAMETERORWIDTHTHANTHEROPE’SDIAMETER.ANGLEEYE.LOAD45°30°XNXV^DOf77od~DOANGLEofiGO03TRIPLELEGSLINGSHAVE50%MORECAPACITYTHANDOUBLELEGONLYIFTHECENTEROFGRAVITYISINCENTEROFCONNECTIONPOINTANDLEGSAREADJUSTEDPROPERLY(EQUALSHAREOFTHELOAD)QUADLEGSLINGSOFFERIMPROVEDSTABILITYBUTDONOTPROVIDEINCREASEDLIFTINGCAPACITY.CDfCAPACITY%OFSINGLELEGANGLEID90200%0303ABASKETHITCHHASTWICETHECAPACITYOFASINGLELEGONLYIFD/dRATIOIS25/1ANDTHELEGSAREVERTICAL.60170%Q.Cr45140%o100%30Ov-oCD

Figure12torv>oCHAINSLINGCAPACITIES(LBS.)-CHAINGR-8-ASMEB30.9DESIGNFACTOR4/17rv>oco00)CHAINCDSIZE90°Lri(IN.)QTIrALLOY03'M3CHAING R-8DESIGNFACTOR4/1SINGLELEGMASTERLINKSIZE(IN.)DOUBLELEGMASTERLINKSIZE(IN.)Q.o-VERTICAL(SINGLELEG)TWOLEGORBASKETHITCH60DEGREESLINGANGLE45DEGREESLINGANGLE30DEGREESLINGANGLEOO1/4-(9/32)1/2350070006050490035001/23/83/43/4710014200122001000071001/27/8120002400020750169501200015/81-1/41810036200 31350255001810013/41-1/41-1/228300566004900040000283007/81-1/21-3/43420068400592004835034200147700954008260067450477001-1/47230014460012520010220072300ACHAINGRABHOOKAPPLICATIONWILLRESULTINA20%REDUCTIONOFCHAINCAPACITYOFASINGLELEG.THEHORIZONTALANGLEMUSTBEGREATERTHAN30/DEGREES./7)1JHORIZONTALANGLECAPACITY%OFSINGLELEGTRIPLELEGSLINGSHAVE50%MORECAPACITYTHANDOUBLELEGONLYIFTHECENTEROFGRAVITYISINCENTEROFCONNECTIONPOINTANDLEGSAREADJUSTEDPROPERLY(EQUALSHAREOFTHELOAD).QUADLEGSLINGSOFFERIMPROVEDSTABILITYBUTDONOTPROVIDEINCREASEDLIFTINGCAPACITY./s90200%60170%0s140%4530100%

Figure12u7ACHAINSLINGCAPACITIES(LBS.)-CHAINGR-10-ASMEB30.9DESIGNFACTOR4/100CHAINSIZE'90°\A(IN.)rzALLOY(ACHAING R-1 04TO1DESIGNFACTORSINGLELEGMASTERLINKSIZE(IN.)DOUBLELEGMASTERLINKSIZE(IN.)TWOLEGORBASKETHITCH45DEGREESLINGANGLEVERTICAL(SINGLELEG)60DEGREESLINGANGLE30DEGREESLINGANGLE1/4-(9/32)1/4-5/16in.3/8in.430086007400 610043005/161/4-5/16in.3/8in.5700114009900810057003/83/8in.1/2in.880017600152001240088001/21/2in.5/8in.15000300002600021200150005/85/8in.3/4in.2260045200391003200022600r\>Crosby®Spectrum®10SystemMakesAssemblyEasyoMOUa4lla&tCOCDCD3;CD3CLo-A-1342OMasterLinkO

Figure12vN>IV)9oWEBSLINGCAPACITIES-ANSIB30.9-DESIGNFACTOR5/1IV)oCO&ANGLEAs,CD120CD30°I90°CDiC3Cl&oVERTICAL(SINGLELEG)TWOLEGORBASKET60DEGREESLINGANGLE45DEGREESLINGANGLE30DEGREESLINGANGLEOCHOKER100%OFSINGLELEG80%OFSINGLELEG200%OFSINGLELEG170%OFSINGLELEG140%OFSINGLELEGSAMEASSINGLELEGSYNTHETICSLINGSRATEDLOADACHOKERHITCHHAS80%OFTHECAPACITYOFASINGLELEGIFTHECORNERSARESOFTENEDAND60°45°/A\M\30°Vvov?f17777FOLDING,BUNCHINGORPINCHINGOFSYNTHETICSLINGS,WHICHOCCURSWHENUSEDWITHSHACKLES,HOOKSOROTHERAPPLICATIONWILLREDUCETHERATEDLOAD.i.iTHETRIPLELEGSLINGSHAVE50%MORECAPACITYTHANDOUBLELEGONLYIFTHECENTEROFGRAVITYISINCENTEROFCONNECTIONPOINTANDLEGSAREADJUSTEDPROPERLY(EQUALSHAREOFTHELOAD).HORIZONTALANGLEISGREATERTHAN30DEGREES.USEABLOCKOFWOODUNDERCHOKETOINSUREANGLEISPROPER.V"QUADLEGSLINGSOFFERIMPROVEDSTABILITYBUTDONOTPROVIDEINCREASEDLIFTINGCAPACITY.BUNCHINGPINCHING

Figure12wCENTEROFGRAVITYANDSLINGLOADING10WEIGHT=VOLUMEXUNITWEIGHTOFMATERIALUNITWEIGHTSTEEL=490LBS/FT3UNITWEIGHTALUMINUM=165LBS/FT3UNITWEIGHTCONCRETE=150LBS/FT3UNITWEIGHTWOOD=50LBS/FT3UNITWEIGHTWATER=62LBS/FTUNITWEIGHTSANDANDGRAVEL=120LBS/FT3WHENLIFTINGVERTICALLY,THELOADWILLBESHAREDEQUALLYIFTHECENTEROFGRAVITYISPLACEDEQUALLYBETWEENTHEPICKPOINTS.IFTHEWEIGHTOFTHELOADIS10,000LBS.,THENEACHSLINGWILLHAVEALOADOF5,000LBS.ANDEACHSHACKLEANDEYEBOLTWILLALSOHAVEALOADOF5,000LBS.CENTEROFGRAVITYANDSUNGLOADINGSLING2SLING110,000LBS.VOLUMEOFCUBE=HEIGHTxWIDTHxLENGTHAD1=5FTD2=5FTHEIGHTWIDTHTCENTEROFGRAVITYANDSLINGLOADINGWEIGHT=VOLUMEXUNITWEIGHTOFMATERIALWHENTHECENTEROFGRAVITYISNOTEQUALLYSPACEDBETWEENTHEPICKPOINTS,THESLINGANDFITTINGSWILLNOTCARRYANEQUALSHAREOFTHELOAD.THESLINGCONNECTEDTOTHEPICKPOINTCLOSESTTOTHECENTEROFGRAVITYWILLCARRYTHEGREATESTSHAREOFTHELOAD.IV)CENTEROFGRAVITYANDSLINGLOADINGoVOLUMEOFSPHERE=3.14x(DIAM.xDIAM.xDIAM.)/6l\)OSLING2SLING1CO&VOLUMEOFCYLINDER=3.14x(DIAM.xDIAM.xLENGTH)/410,000LBS,CD*oAD1=8FTD2=2FTI&SLING2ISCLOSESTTOCOG.ITWILLHAVETHEGREATESTSHAREOFTHELOAD.SLING2=10,000X8/(8+2)=8,000LBS.SLING1=10,000X2/(8+2)=2,000LBS.3Q.DIAMETERo-OTo00

Figure12xIV)SLINGANGLES11oIV)oTWOLEGGEDSLING-WIREROPE,CHAIN,SYNTHETICScoEHHORIZONTALSLINGANGLE(A)DEGREELOADANGLEFACTOR=L/H1.0001.1551.3051.4142.000LOAD=500XLOAD«ANGLEiFACTORLOADINEACHSLING=L/HX500CD90toa:'AASlm-j0>60,Aosmin5Q.50A=O'45OHORIZONTALSLINGANGLEO1000LBS1000LBS1000LBS30LOADONEACHLEGOFSLING=VERTICALLOADXLOADANGLEFACTORHORIZONTALSLINGANGLESOFLESSTHAN30DEGREESARENOTRECOMMENDEDREFERTOANSIB30.9FORFULLINFORMATION><—Pi>•;<--DzntpH©CGS'J|-*D1~4*D24LOADONSLINGCALCULATEDTENSION1=LOADXD2XS1/(H(D1+D2))TENSION2=LOADXD1XS2/(H(D1+D2))LOADONSLINGCALCULATEDTENSION1=LOADXD2XS1/(H(D1+D2))TENSION2=LOADXD1XS2/(H(D1+D2))

Figure12yCrosbyRIGGINGHARDWARE12CrosbyCrosbyQUENCHED&TEMPEREDINMETRICTONSSCREWPINCARBONSHACKLEALLOYSHACKLEQUIC-CHECK*DESIGNFACTORDESIGNFACTORSHACKLESQUENCHED&TEMPEREDHOOKSDESIGNFACTORINMETRICTONSQUIC-CHECK*SHANKHOOKSWIVELHOOKEYEHOOK•EYEHOOKS-5/1(EXCEPTALLOY30TONANDLARGERARE4-1/2TO1)•SHANKANDSWIVELSARE4-1/2TO1.AND5/1BOLTTYPE6/1CARBONMAXIMUMWORKINGLOADTONSALLOYMAXIMUMWORKINGLOADTONSCARBONMAXIMUMWORKINGLOADTONSALLOYMAXIMUMWORKINGLOADTONSNOMINALSIZE(IN)DIAMETEROFBOWINSIDEWIDTHATPIN(INCHES)THROATOPENING(INCHES)DEFORMATIONINDICATORDIAMETEROFPINA-ACODECODE3/161/3.38.253/4DCDA.891.5011/41/2.47.311FC1-1/2FA.912.005/163/4.381-1/2GC2GA1.002.00.533/8.6622.0012.44HC3HA1.09*4-1/2/57/161-1/22.6.753IC1.362.50.50IA1/2 23.3.81.635JC7JA1.613.007-1/24.005/83-1/451.06.75KC11KA2.083/44-3/471.25.8810LC152.274.00LA7/86-1/29.51.44NC223.025.001.0015NAIV)oc3.256.5018-1/212.51.691.132030OAO1-1/89-1/21.81PC3.007.00151.252537PAl\)1-1/412182.031.3830SC45SA3.388.00o1-3/813-1/2212.251.5040TC60TA4.1210.00CO1-1/217302.381.63*320EYEHOOKISNOWRATEDAT5TONS&1r•INSURESCREWPINISTIGHTBEFOREEACHLIFT•USEBOLTTYPESHACKLEFORPERMANENT/INSTALLATION/C•DONOTSIDELOADROUNDPINSHACKLE•USESCREWPINORBOLTTYPETOCOLLECTSLINGS.CDMAXIMUMINCLUDEDANGLE90DEGREES•DONOTSIDELOAD•DONOTTIPLOAD•DONOTBACKLOAD-A-Q)3MAXIMUMINCLUDEDANGLE120DEGREESEYEHOOKQ.mr.uxD,HUWOMHLLto-oFORADDITIONALINFORMATIONREFERTOTHEPRODUCTWARNINGSOOl

Figure12zo>IV)CrosbyRIGGINGHARDWARE13oIV)oCrosbyCrosbyCO/mCDifLINKSANDRINGSWITHWIREROPEANDSYNTHETICSLINGS5/1DESIGNFACTOR\TURNBUCKLESG-341CARBONA-341ALLOYA-342ALLOYICDWORKINGLOADLIMITPOUNDSWORKINGLOADLIMITJAWANDEYE5/1DESIGNFACTORWORKINGLOADLIMITHOOKENDFITTING5/1DESIGNFACTOR3ClSIZE&INCHESG-341SIZEA-341A-342OO1/22900700070001/45004005/84200900090005/168007003/4600012300123003/8120010007/8830014000140001/22200150011080024360243605/835002250M/8N/A30600N/A3/4520030001-1/41675036000360007/8720040001-3/82050043000N/A10000500011-1/2N/A54300543001-1/41520065001-5/8N/A62600N/A1-1/22140075001-3/4N/A8490084900THEUSEOFLOCKNUTSORMOUSINGISANEFFECTIVEMETHODOFPREVENTINGTURNBUCKLESFROMROTATING.2N/A102600102600WORKINGLOADLIMITSAREFORUSEWITHWIREROPEANDSYNTHETICSLINGS.NOTFORCHAINSLINGS.WORKINGLOADLIMITSAREBASEDONSINGLELEG(IN-LINE),ORRESULTANTLOADONMULTIPLELEGSWITHANINCLUDEDANGLELESSTHANOREQUALTO120DEGREES.FORADDITIONALINFORMATIONREFERTOTHEPRODUCTWARNING

Figure12aaCrosbyRIGGINGHARDWARE14QUENCHED&TEMPEREDDESIGNFACTORCrosbyCrosbyQUIC-CHECKDESIGNFACTOR5/1CVSWIVELHOISTRINGSSHOULDEREYEBOLTS5/1WORKINGLOADLIMIT60DEGREESSLINGANGLE(LBS.)WORKINGLOADLIMIT45DEGREESSLINGANGLE(LBS.)WORKINGLOADLIMITANGLELESSTHAN45DEGREES(LBS.)WORKINGLOADLIMITFULL180DEGREEPIVOT(LBS.)WORKINGLOADLIMITINLINEPULL(LBS.)THREADSHANKSIZEU.N.C.SHANKDIAMETERTORQUEFT(LBS)1/46504201951608005/1675/1612003603/81278030010003/8155010001/24653802500281/25/8260016907806504000605/83/4100520033801560130070003/47/8720046802160180080001607/810600689031802650100001230IV)1-1/411330086453990332515000470o1-1/41-1/221000136006300525024000800l\)1-1/22400015600720060003000021100OSHOULDEREYEBOLTSSWIVELHOISTRINGSCO&•WHENUSINGLIFTINGSLINGSOFTWOORMORELEGSMAKESURETHEFORCESINTHELEGARECALCULATED.SELECTTHEPROPERSIZESWIVELHOISTRINGTOALLOWFORLOADINSLINGLEG.•ALWAYSINSUREHOISTRINGISFREETOALIGNITSELFWITHSLING.•NEVEREXCEEDWORKINGLOADLIMITS.•NEVERUSEREGULARNUTEYEBOLTSFORANGULARLIFTS.•ALWAYSUSESHOULDERNUTEYEBOLTSFORANGULARLIFTS.•FORANGULARLIFTS,ADJUSTWORKINGLOADASSHOWNABOVE.•ALWAYSTIGHTENNUTSSECURELYAGAINSTTHELOAD.•ALWAYSAPPLYLOADTOEYEBOLTINTHEPLANEOFTHEEYE.CD•ALWAYSINSUREHOISTRINGISPROPERLYTORQUEDTOREQUIREDVALUE.I0)3Q.oFORADDITIONALINFORMATIONREFERTOTHEPRODUCTWARNINGo

Figure12abooIV)OPERATINGPRACTICES-ANSIB30.9LOADCONTROLo15IV)oCOWHENEVERANYSLINGISUSED,THEFOLLOWINGPRACTICESSHALLBEOBSERVED.POSITIVELOADCDCDCONTROL1.SLINGSTHATAREDAMAGEDORDEFECTIVESHALLNOTBEUSED.2.SLINGSSHALLNOTBESHORTENEDWITHKNOTSORBOLTSOROTHERMAKESHIFTDEVICES.3.SLINGLEGSSHALLNOTBEKINKED.4.SLINGSSHALLNOTBELOADEDINEXCESSOFTHEIRRATEDCAPACITIES.5.SLINGSUSEDINABASKETHITCHSHALLHAVETHELOADSBALANCEDTOPREVENTSLIPPAGE.6.SLINGSSHALLBESECURELYATTACHEDTOTHEIRLOAD.7.SLINGSSHALLBEPADDEDORPROTECTEDFROMTHESHARPEDGESOFTHEIRLOADS.8.SUSPENDEDLOADSSHALLBEKEPTCLEAROFALLOBSTRUCTION.9.ALLEMPLOYEESSHALLBEKEPTCLEAROFLOADSABOUTTOBELIFTEDANDOFSUSPENDEDLOADS.10.HANDSORFINGERSSHALLNOTBEPLACEDBETWEENTHESLINGANDITSLOADWHILETHESLINGISBEINGTIGHTENEDAROUNDTHELOAD.11.SHOCKLOADINGISPROHIBITED!12.ASLINGSHALLNOTBEPULLEDFROMUNDERALOADWHENTHELOADISRESTINGONTHESLING.ICD3Q.&OoINSPECTION:EACHDAYBEFOREBEINGUSED,THESLINGANDALLFASTENINGSANDATTACHMENTSSHALLBEINSPECTEDFORDAMAGEORDEFECTSBYACOMPETENTPERSONDESIGNATEDBYTHEEMPLOYER.ADDITIONALINSPECTIONSSHALLBEPERFORMEDDURINGSLINGUSEWHERESERVICECONDITIONSWARRANT.DAMAGEDORDEFECTIVESLINGSSHALLBEIMMEDIATELYREMOVEDFROMSERVICE.REEVINGTHROUGHCONNECTIONSTOLOADINCREASESLOADONCONNECTIONFITTINGSBYASMUCHASTWICE.DONOTREEVE!

Figure12acCrosbyRIGGINGHARDWARE16CrosbyWIREROPErlG-429FistGripCLIPS80%EFFICIENTUNDER1",90%1"ANDABOVECLIPS80%EFFICIENTUNDER1",90%1"ANDABOVEG-450U-BoltClipClipCLIPSNUMBEROFCLIPSTURNBACKLENGTH(IN.)TORQUEFT-LBS.NUMBEROFCLIPSTURNBACKLENGTH(IN.)TORQUEFT-LBS.SIZE SIZE1/83-1/43/1624.524303-3/41/43/1627.524301/44-3/45/1621523055/165-1/4303/85-1/422456-1/26-1/23/827/16265457/161/227653116512-3/41/29/16311-126531305/813-1/29/163123130955/83/4312954162253/41813037225IV)415O1526225l\)THENUMBEROFCLIPSSHOWNISBASEDONUSINGRRLORRLLWIREROPE,6X19OR6X37CLASS,FCORIWRC:IPSORXIP.ITALSOAPPLIESTOROTATIONRESISTANTRRLWIREROPE,8X19CLASS,IPS,XIP,SIZES1-1/2INCHANDSMALLER,ANDTOROTATIONRESISTANTRRLWIREROPE,19X7CLASS,IPS,XIP,SIZES1-3/4INCHANDSMALLER.FORELEVATOR,PERSONNELHOIST,ANDSMALLER,FORELEVATOR,PERSONNELHOIST,ANDSCAFFOLDAPPLICATIONSREFERTOANSIA17.1ANDANSIA10.4.THESESTANDARDSDONOTRECOMMENDTHEUSEOFU-BOLTSTYLEWIREROPECLIPS.OAPPLYU-BOLTOVERDEADENDOFTHEWIREROPE.LIVEENDOFTHEROPERESTSINTHESADDLE.ATERMINATIONISNOTCOMPLETEUNTILITHASBEENRETORQUEDASECONDTIME.NEVERSADDLEADEADHORSE!CO&CD1kuRNBACK-lI&3Q.o-OFORADDITIONALINFORMATIONREFERTOTHEPRODUCTWARNINGoDonotuseU-BoltsCO

12.8SyntheticWebbingSlings-Selection,UseandMaintenanceThissectionappliestoslingsfabricatedbysewingofwovensyntheticwebbingofnylonorpolyestertypeyarns,forthepurposeofhoisting,lifting,andgeneralmaterialhandling.12.8.1Construction12.8.1.1WebbingWebbingshouldbeoffabricwovenofhightenacitysyn-theticyarns,offeringsuitablecharacteristicsforuseinthefabricationofwebslings.Webbingshallhavethefollowingcharacteristics.(a)Sufficientcertifiedtensilestrengthtomeettheslingmanufacturer’srequirements.(b)Uniformthicknessandwidth.(c)Fullwovenwidth,includingselvageedges.(d)Webbingendsshallbesealedbyheat,orothersuitablemeans,topreventraveling.12.8.1.2ThreadThethreadusedinthemanufactureofsyntheticwebslingsshallbeofthesamegenerictypeyarnastheslingwebbing.12.8.1.3Stitching(a)Stitchingshallbetheonlymethodusedtofabricatesyntheticwebslingswithinthescopeofthisstandard.(b)Thestitchingpatternandlengthofstitchingshallbeinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’sstandardpractice.1202020SafetyHandbook

12.8.1.4Fittings(a)Thematerialselectedshallbecompatiblewiththemechanicalandenvironmentalrequirementsimposedonthefitting.Materialselectedshouldbecarbonsteel,alloysteel,aluminum,orothersuitablematerial.(b)Fittingshallhavesufficientstrengthtosustaintwicetheratedloadoftheslingwithoutpermanentdeformationandaminimumbreakingstrengthequaltofivetimestheratedloadofthesling.(c)Allsurfacesshallbecleanlyfinishedandsharpedgesremovedsoasnottocausedamagetothewebbing.(d)Slingsincorporatingaluminumfittingsshallnotbeusedwherefumes,vapors,sprays,mistsorliquidsofcaustic,oracidsarepresent.(e)Theeyeopeninginthefittingshallbethepropershapeandsizetoinsurethatthefittingwillseatproperlyinthehookorotherattachment.12.8.1.5Marking(Slingidentification)Eachslingshallbepermanentlymarkedtoshow.(a)Nameoftrademarkormanufacturer.(b)Manufacturer’scodeorstocknumber.(c)Ratedloadsfortypesofhitchesused.(d)Typeofsyntheticwebmaterial.12.8.2DesignFactorThedesignfactorforsyntheticwebslingsshallbeaminimumof5.2020SafetyHandbook121

12.8.3.RatedLoad(a)Aslingshallnotbeusedataloadgreaterthanthatshownonitstags.Slingsshallbeusedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’srecommendations.(b)Eachmanufacturershallmakeavailableonrequesttestdatatojustifytheserecommendedratedloads.12.8.4EffectsofEnvironment(a)Chemicallyactiveenvironments,suchasacidsandcaustics,canaffectthestrengthofslingsthemanufac-turershouldbeconsultedbeforeslingsareusedinchemicallyactiveenvironments.(b)Nylonandpolyesterslingsshallnotbeusedattempera-turesinexcessof194°(F)90°(C).12.8.5Inspection(a)InitialInspection.Beforeusinganyneworrepairedsling,itshallbeinspectedtoensurethatthecorrectslingisbeingusedaswellastodeterminethattheslingmeetstherequirementsofthisstandard.(b)FrequentInspection.Thisinspectionshouldbemadebythepersonhandlingtheslingeachdaytheslingisused.(c)PeriodicInspection.ThisinspectionshouldbeconductedbytheCompetentPerson.Frequencyofinspectionshouldbebasedon:(1)Frequencyofslinguse;(2)Severityofserviceconditions;and(3)Experiencegainedontheservicelifeofslingsusedinsimilarapplications(d)Periodicinspectionsshouldbeconductedatleastannually.1222020SafetyHandbook

12.8.6RemovalCriteriaAslingshallberemovedfromserviceifdamagesuchasthefollowingisvisibleandshallonlybereturnedtoservicewhenapprovedbyaQualifiedPerson.(a)Acidorcausticburns(b)Meltingorcharringofanypartofthesling(c)Holes,tears,cutsorsnags(d)Brokenorwornstitchinginloadbearingsplices(e)Excessiveabrasivewear(f)Knotsinanypartofthesling(g)Excessivepittingorcorrosion,orcracked,distorted,orbrokenfittings(h)Othervisibledamagethatcausesdoubtastothestrengthofthesling.12.8.7OperatingPractices(a)Theweightofloadshallbewithintheratedloadofthesling.(b)Slingsshallnotbeshortenedorlengthenedbyknottingorothermethodsnotapprovedbytheslingmanufacturer.(c)SlingsthatappeartobedamagedshallnotbeusedunlessinspectedandacceptedasusableunderSection12.7.6.(d)Slingshallbehitchedinamannerprovidingcontroloftheload.(e)Sharpcornersincontactwiththeslingshouldbepaddedwithmaterialofsufficientstrengthtominimizedamagetothesling.(f)Personnelshouldstandclearofthesuspendedload.(g)Personnelshallnotridethesling.(h)Shockloadingshouldbeavoided.(i)Slingsshouldnotbepulledfromunderaloadwhentheloadisrestingonthesling.2020SafetyHandbook123

(j)Slingsshouldbestoredinacooldry,anddarkplacetopreventenvironmentaldamage.(k)Twistingandkinkingthelegsshallbeavoided.(L)Loadappliedtothehookshouldbecenteredinthebase(bowl)ofhooktopreventpointloadingonthehook.(m)Duringlifting,withorwithoutload,personnelshallbealertforpossiblesnagging.(n)Inabaskethitch,theloadshouldbebalancedtopreventslippage.(o)Thesling’slegsshouldcontainorsupporttheloadfromthesidesabovecenterofgravitywhenusingabaskethitch.(p)Slingsshouldbelongenoughsothattheratedloadisade-quatewhentheangleofthelegsistakenintoconsideration.(q)Slingsshouldnotbedraggedonthefloororoveranabrasivesurface.(r)Inachokerhitch,slingsshallbelongenoughsothechokerfittingchokesonthewebbingandneverontheotherfitting.(s)Whenextensiveexposuretosunlightorultravioletlightisexperiencedbynylonorpolyesterwebslings,theslingmanufacturershouldbeconsultedforrecommendedinspectionprocedurebecauseoflossinstrength.12.9BeamClamps(a)Abeamclampusedforriggingshallbeengineeredtoproperlysupporttheexpectedload.(b)ConfirmwithyourSupervisorthehoistingbeamisratedtocarrythemaximumloadtobehoisted.Donotloadthelowerflangetomorethan50%ofthebeam’scapacity.(c)Donotuseachokerthroughtheeyeofthebeamclampwhilehoisting.(d)Beamclampsshallbeproperlysizedforthebeamtowhichitisattached.(e)Useonlycase-hardenedboltswithlocknutsornutswithlockwashersforthebeamclampassembly.1242020SafetyHandbook©»oFigure12ad

INSPECTINGMANILAROPEFigure12aeWatchoutersurfaceandinnersideofstrandsforblackorrustyspotsindicatingdamagebyacidsorcaustics.IssIUntwiststrandstoexamineforsignsofdiscoloration.Newmanilaropeshouldbebrightyellow.VlIUnwindapieceofyarn8incheslongandteststrength,ifitiseasilybroken,theropeisunsafe.ItLookforbrokenfibersandabrasionsinoutersurfaceastheymaybethefirstsignofweakness.\IvIfropeistobeusedaroundelectricinstalla-tions,besuretherearenometallicstrands.1%SafePracticeRules1.Frozenfiberropeshallnotbeusedinloadcarryingservice.2.Fiberropethathasbeensubjectedtoacidsorexcessiveheatshallnotbeusedforloadcarryingpurposes.3.Fiberropeshallbeprotectedfromabrasionbypaddingwhereitisfastenedordrawnoversquarecornersorsharporroughsurfaces.

Figure12afFive-PartFallsAfive-partreeveisaccomplishedusingatwo-andthree-sheaveblockasfollows:Entertheleadlinethroughthefrontofthestationaryblockatsheave(B),thengodowninbackoftravelingblockandthroughatsheave(E),upbehindstationaryblockandthroughatsheave(C),downinfrontoftravelingblockandthroughatsheave(D),upinfrontofstationaryblockandthroughatsheave(A),downtothetravelingblockandbecketoff.Thisreevingismorewidelyusedforropefalls(manila),butisalsousedforwirerope(cable).Six-PartFallsUsingapairofthree-sheaveblocks,asix-partreeveisaccom-plishedasfollows:Entertheleadlinethroughthefrontofthesta-tionaryblockatsheave(B),thengodowninfrontoftravelingblockandthroughatsheave(E),upbehindstationaryblockandthroughatsheave(A),downbehindtravelingblockandthroughatsheave(D),upinfrontofstationaryblockandthroughatsheave(C),downinfrontoftravelingblockandthroughatsheave(F),uptostation-aryblockandbecketoff.Thisreevingismorewidelyusedforropefalls(manila),butisalsousedforwirerope(cable).Seven-PartFallsAseven-partreeveisaccomplishedusingathree-andfour-sheaveblockasfollows:Entertheleadlinethroughthefrontofthestationaryblock(four-sheave)atsheave(C),godowninfrontoftravelingblockandthroughatsheave(F),upbehindthestationaryblockandthroughatsheave(A),downbehindtravelingblockandthroughatsheave(E),upinfrontofstationaryblockandthroughatsheave(D),downinfrontofstationaryblockandthroughatsheave(G),upbehindstationaryblockandthroughatsheave(B),downtothetravelingblockandbecketoff.1262020SafetyHandbook

SEVEN-PARTFALLSSIX-PARTFALLSFIVE-PARTFALLSStationaryBlockStationaryBlockStationary/7/7Block(U(o0OlABDCABCCAB•y3321 6265LeadLineLeadLine451574LeadLine(\3o4rv>oCOQ)S'J\\\I!CDr•Q)C=50Q.CO0o-0EFGOD EFroDEOCD\‘WtooyTravelingBlockTravelingBlock3TravelingBlockThistheoryappliestotwo-part,three-partandfour-partfalls.3C

12.10ManilaRope(a)Frozenmanilaropeshallnotbeusedinload-carryingservice.(b)Manilaropeshallbeprotectedfromabrasionbypaddingwhereitisfastenedordrawnoversquarecorners,orsharporroughsurfaces.(c)Eventhefinest-qualityropedeterioratesveryrapidlywhennotgiventhebestofcare.Kinking,overheating,moistureandacidallcausedeterioration,whichisnotreadilynoticeableuponcasualinspection.(d)Manilaropeshallbestoredinaclean,drylocation.Keepoffpitfloor,coilintoprotectivedevicesuchasadrum.(e)Manilaropeisnotasubstituteforwirerope.Itshallonlybeusedforlashings,tackles,taglines,strapsonlightleadsandtemporaryguylinesandlighthoisting.(f)Pointstolookforduringmanilaropeinspectionare:GoodCharacteristicsHardbutpliantSilveryorpearlylusterInnerfibersbright&cleanIndividualyarnstrongUncutandunabradedouter&innerfibersStretchandspringgood12.11SyntheticRope(a)Syntheticfiberropesaremadefromnylon,polypropylene,orpolyester.Syntheticfiberropesconsistofindividualthreadsandfibersthatrunthefulllengthoftherope(natu-ralfibersarenotcontinuous-infact,theyareshortandoverlapped).(b)Donotchoosesyntheticropewhenburningandwelding.Syntheticropeisalsomorelikelytobeaffectedbychem-icalsandittendstobeslippery.(c)Donotuseclampsforsplicingsyntheticropeunlessitisspecificallydesignedforthispurpose.1282020SafetyHandbookPoorCharacteristicsBrownspots-weak,softBlackordarkspots-weakAbrasionoffibersLossofstretchCuts-BurnsDirtbetweeninnerfibersFreezingofrope

(d)Goodpracticeswhenusingsyntheticrope:(1)Keepropedryandcleanandawayfromchemicals(2)Neveroverloadarope(3)Neveruseafrozenrope(4)Don’tdragaropeontheground.Thiswilldamagetheoutsidesurfaceoftherope.(5)Neverallowtheropetobendoversharpedges(6)Don’tpermittheropetodragagainstitself(7)Observeproperpickingangles(8)Padallcornerswhenliftingmaterials(9)Whencouplingropes,usethimbles(10)Inspectropeoftenbytwistingtoexposetheinsideyarns(e)Syntheticropeshallberemovedfromserviceifitshowssignsof:(1)Abnormalwear(2)Powderbetweenstrands(3)Brokenorcutfibers(4)Variationsinthesizeorroundnessofstrands(5)Discolorationorrotting(6)Distortionofhardware(f)Whenropeisdamagedandtakenoutofservice,itshallbecompletelydestroyedtopreventothersfromusingit.12.12KnotsAreWeakIfaknotorhitchofanykindistiedinarope,itsfailureunderstressissuretooccuratthatplace.Eachfiberinthestraightpartoftheropetakespropershareoftheload.Inallknots,theropeiscrampedorhasashortbend,whichthrowsanoverloadonthosefibersthatareontheoutsideofthebend,andonefiberafteranotherbreaksuntiltheropeistornapart.Theshorterthebendinthestandingrope,theweakertheknot.TheresultsgiveninFigure12agareapproximate,butaresufficienttocausecautioninallropefasteningsemployedinimportantwork.2020SafetyHandbook129

Figurei2agApproximateEfficiency-ComparisonofRopeKnotsandConnectionstoSafeLoadSource:HandbookforRiggers,1977RevisedEditionNote:Variationsintestequipment,procedures,ropeage,conditionandcon-struction,etc.mayimpacttestresults.Theefficienciesshownaboveareforpointofreferenceonly.Riggingmethods,ropecapacity,etc.shallwellexceedtheweightoftheloadtobehoisted.Knotefficienciesshallnotbefactoredintothelifttooclosely;erronthesideofcaution.1302020SafetyHandbook

FigureEightKnotFigure12ahUsedintheendofaropetotemporarilypreventthestrandsfromunraveling.Usefultopreventtheendofaropefromslippingthroughablockoraneye,anddoesnotjamaseasilyastheoverhandknot.Figure12aiCatspawUsedtosecurethemiddleofaropetoahook.Taketwobights(loops)intherope,twistinoppositedirectionsandthenbringtheloopstogetherandpassoverhook.TimberHitchFigure12aj(A)Usedforhoistingplanks,timbersandpipe.Holdswithoutslippinganddoesnotjam.Ahalf-hitchisaddedin(B)Thisisdonetokeepaplankorlengthofpipeonend,whilelifting.ReefKnotorSquareKnotFigure12akUsedtojointworopesorlinesofthesamesize-holdsfirmlyandiseasilyuntied.2020SafetyHandbook131

Figure12alBowlineontheBightUsedinemergenciestoliftaninjuredper-sonoffabuildingoroutofahole.Thisisaccomplishedbysittinginoneloop,andputtingtheotherlooparoundthebackandunderthearms.Alsousedtotiebow-lineinmiddleofline.Figure12amCloveHitchorBuilder’sHitchBecauseofitswideusebyconstructionworkersinfasteningropetouprightpostsonstagingtoactasarailorwarningline,itisalsoknownasabuilder’shitch.Makingalinefastisanothercommonuse.Figure12anRunningBowlineThisismerelyabowlineknotmaderoundthestandingpartofaropetoformarunningnooseorslipknotandisveryreliable.Runsfreelyonthestandingpartandiseasilyuntied.Thisknotshallnotbeusedforsecuringlifelines.1322020SafetyHandbook

RoundTurnandTwoHalfHitchesFigure12aoUsedtosecurearopetoacolumnorpost,andwillstandheavystrainwithoutslipping.Easilytiedanddoesnotjam.fcFigureEightonaBightFigure12apProvidesasecureloopintheendofarope.MadebydoublingalinebackonitselfandthentyingaFigureEightknotinthedou-bleline.Thisknotmayreducethestrengthofaropeby20%.Thisknotshallnotbeusedforsecuringalifeline.CAUTION:BecertainyoutieaFigureEight,notanOverhandonaBight.(B)FigureEightFollowThroughFigure12aqSimilartoFigureEightonaBight,butistiedaroundtheanchorpoint.TieasimpleFigureEightwellbackfromtheendoftherope.Passtheendoftherope——aroundtheanchorpointthenfollowbackthroughparalleltothefirstknot.Followeverycontourofthefirstknotwithbothropeendsgoinginthesamedirection.Thisknotshallnotbeusedforsecuringalifeline.2020SafetyHandbook133

BowlineOneofthebest-knownandmost-widelyusedofallknots.Afavoriteknotwithriggers,itiseasilyconstructedandusedwhereverahitchisrequiredthatwillnotslip,jamorfail.(Hint:Leavealongtailandsecurethetailwithtwohalf-hitches.)Thisknotshallnotbeusedforsecuringalifeline.Figure12ariJFigure12asRollingHitchThisknotisusedforliftingroundloadssuchaspipeorbarsteel.Foramoreefficientknot,addhalf-hitch,shortendaroundlongend.CarrickBendUsedforjoininglargeropestogether,andeasiertountiethanmostknotsafterbeingsubjectedtostrain.Figure12atFigure12auSheepshankThisknotisusedforshorteningarope.Themethodshownisespeciallyusefulwheretheendsoftheropearenotfree,asitcanbeemployedinthecenterofatiedrope.Takingthestrainoffadamagedpieceofropewhenthereisnottimetoimmediatelyreplacewithsoundropeisanotheruse.Whenseized,asshown,itismoresecure./Y\/vy/A*AvA1342020SafetyHandbook

Section13WELDING,CUTTINGANDSOLDERING13.1GeneralPrecautions(a)Localregulationsorcontractrequirementsmayrequireapermitorlicensebeforeusingportablecuttingorweldingequipment.(b)Movecombustiblematerialtoasafearea.Ifcombustiblematerialcan’tbemoved,covercompletelywithfire-retardantmaterial.(c)Provideafirewatchtomakesurefiresdonotstart.Haveafireextinguisherreadilyaccessiblewhereemployeesareworking.ExtinguishersshallbeofABCtype,minimum2A:20BCrating.(d)Neverburnorweldoverotherworkers.(e)Aftercompletingaburningorweldingoperation,monitorthesceneofworkforfires.Inspectadjacentareasaswell.(f)Useonlynon-flammablePVCgluetobondin-groundPVChydraulicjacklinerstopreventexplosionhazardresultingfromweldingorburningoperations.NEVERWELDORBURNINOROVERAREASWHEREFLAMMABLEAGENTSAREPRESENT.(g)Donotusecuttingorweldingequipmentnearflammableliquids.Donotcutorweldonclosedtankswhichhaveheldflammableliquidsorothercombustibles.(h)Ensurethereissufficientventilationtoremovepotentiallytoxicfumesinareasofconcern.2020SafetyHandbook135

(i)Neveruseemptycontainerssuchasdrumsasaworkstation.Theymaycontainpotentiallyhazardousfumes.Considerationshouldbegivenforairmonitoringbyqualifiedpersonnel.(j)Keepcuttingandweldingequipmentingoodoperatingconditionatalltimes.Equipmentfoundtobedefectiveshallbetaggedimmediatelyandreturnedtotheshopforrepair.(k)Operatorsshallneverwearoil-stainedclothing.(L)Alwaysholdlightedacetyleneandpropanetorches-donotlaythemdownorhangthemonbeamsorplanks.Asafeareashallbeselectedforrestingaliveelectrodeholderbeforestrikinganarc.(m)Donotburnorweldinhoistways,whererailsorotherequipmentarecoveredwithoilorlint.(n)Assureproperventilationisprovidedforgaswelders.(o)Torchvalvesshouldbeopenedtoventpressurefromthelineandshutagain.(p)Usepropereyeprotectionwhenwelding,cuttingandchipping.ReferencePersonalProtectionEquipment-seeSection3.(q)WearaleatherjacketorequivalentmaterialtoprotectyourskinfromburnsduetometalsplatterandUVradiation.(r)Useweldingglovestoprotectyourhands(s)Leatherchapsarerecommendedtoprotectyourlegsandvitalparts.(t)Whenweldingandcuttingbeawareofotherpeopleinthearea.Advisethemtolookawaywhenwelding.(u)Beawareoffallingsplatter,hotslagandsparks.1362020SafetyHandbook

13.2Acetylene,OxygenandOtherPressurizedFuelCylindersAcetyleneandoxygencylindersareunderhighpressureandshallbehandledwithextremecare.Cylindersshallbekeptinanuprightposition,eitheronatankcartortiedtoaverticalbuildingmember,suchasabuildingcolumn.Neverlaycylindersdown.(a)Valvehandlesorvalvewrenchesshallberetainedinplacewhilecylindersareinuse.(b)Checkallconnectionsforleaks.Listen.Ifaleakissuspecteddonotusetheequipment.Usesoapywatertodetectaleak.Onlyaqualifiedpersonshallrepairtheequipment.(c)Keephoseintheclearsothatitcannotbedamaged.(d)Protectgaugesandtorchesfromdamage.(e)Keepcylindersawayfromworkareassothatsparkscannotreachthem.(f)Oilandgreaseshallneverbeusedonoraroundweldingandcuttingequipment.(g)Theuseofregulatorsandflasharrestorsaremandatory.(h)Donotuseoxygentoblowoutorcleanequipment.(i)Donottakecylindersintoelevatorpits;keeptheminawell-ventilatedarea.(j)Donotliftcylindersbytheirprotectivecaps.(k)Propaneandbutaneareheavierthanair,andhighlyexplosive.Guardagainstleakswhenusingthisequip-ment.Useonlyinwell-ventilatedareas.Unburnedgasfromevenasmallleakwillsettleinpocketssuchaselevatorpits,stairwellsorotherareas.(L)Shutoffvalvesandpurgeallhosesimmediatelyaftereachuse.(m)Cylindercapsshallbeinplacewhenevercylindersarenotinuse,beingmoved,orwhiletheyareinstorage.(n)Acetyleneandoxygencylinderscanbetemporarilykeptinahandcartiftheywereusedinthecurrent24hourperiod.2020SafetyHandbook137

(o)Whennotinuse,oxygenandacetylenecylindersshallbestoredatleast20ft(6.1m)apart,orseparatedbyaone-half-hour(30-minute)ratedfire-resistivewallorpartitionatleast5ft(1.5m)high,andshallbesecuredtopreventtipping.(p)Emptycylindersshallbemarked“MT.”(q)Cylindersshallneverbestoredingangboxes.13.3Soldering(a)Soldercontainingleadshallnotbeused.(b)Becarefulofsplatter.(c)Burnsfromhotsolderarepainfulandmayleadtoinfec-tion.Treatallburnsimmediately.(d)Wearafaceshield,especiallyifyouaresolderingover-head.SeeSection3.2.(e)Keepshirtcollarbuttoned.(f)Wearalongsleeveshirtandbuttonthecuffs.1382020SafetyHandbook

Section14HAZARDCOMMUNICATIONS(HAZCOM)14.1WorkingWithChemicalsTheOSHAHazardCommunication(HAZCOM) (Right-To-Know)Standardrequiresallemployeesbegivenadequateinformationandtrainingonthelong-andshort-termhealtheffectsofchemicalstheyworkwith.YourcompanyhasestablishedaHazardCommunication(HAZCOM)Programtoprovidethisinformationtoyou.Youcantakethestepsnecessarytosafeguardyourhealthbyfollowingtheproce-duresestablishedinthisprogram.Acopyofthisprogram-alongwithachemicalinventorylistandcorrespondingSafetyDataSheets(SDSs)shallbereadilyavailableforyourreview.ThisprogrammaybemadeavailabletoothersuponrequesttoyourSuperintendent/Manager.Chemicalsaffectthehumanbodydifferently.Thephysicalmakeupofthechemical,theamountofexposure(timeandquantity),andthemannerinwhichthechemicalisabsorbedbythebodyallplayaroleintheresultingeffects.Aslongasexposuresarenotexcessive,manypotentiallydangeroussubstancesareeliminatednaturallyfromthebody.Itisimportanttorememberthatmostmaterialscanberemovedthisway,andtheireffectsareusuallynotcumulative.Whatisimportantisthedoseoramountofaparticularchemicalthatisabsorbedoveraperiodoftime.Toomuchofachemical,eitherallatonceorovertime,maybedangerous.Chemicalsareabsorbedintothebodyinthreeways:(a)Inhalation-Thechemicalistakeninwiththeairwebreathe,eitherasavapor,dust,gas,fumeormist.(b)Ingestion-Thechemicalisingestedeitherintentionallyoraccidentally.Itcanbetakeninwiththefoodyoueat(or2020SafetyHandbook139

drink)especiallyifyoufailtowashyourhandsbeforeeatingorsmoking.(c)Absorption-Itisabsorbedthroughtheskin.Thisoccursforonlyalimitednumberofchemicals.Inhalationisbyfarthemostcommonwayinwhichchemi-calsenterthebody.Howmuchentersandissubsequentlyabsorbedthroughthelungsisafunctionofthechemical.Thehumanrespiratorysystemisextremelyeffectiveatremovingdustfromtheairthatisbreathed.Onlythesmallestparticlesreachthelungs.Themajorityaretrappedinthenoseandthroat,andlatereliminated.Theamountofliquidchemicalsenteringthelungdependsonhowfasttheliquidevaporatedintotheair.Thisisafunc-tionofthesurrounding(ambient)temperatureandthevaporpressureoftheliquid(thehigherthevaporpressure,thefastertheevaporationrate).Howmuchisabsorbedvarieswitheachchemical.IndustrialHygienistsareengagedinthescienceofpro-tectingworkersfromtheharmfuleffectsofchemicals.Theyaretrainedtorecognize,evaluateandcontrolpotentialexpo-surestochemicalsintheworkplace.Today,manychemicalshavebeenstudied,andasaresult,theireffectshavebeenidentified.Levelsofacceptableexposureforanormalworkdayhavebeendetermined.Theseareknownasthresholdlimitvalues(TLV),orpermissibleexposurelimits(PEL).Ingeneral,therearetwomajortypesofeffectswhichareofconcernwhentalkingaboutchemicalexposure-theshorttermoracuteeffects,andthelongtermorchroniceffects.Somechemicalshaveboth,someoneortheother.Asbestosisanexampleofasubstancethatcanresultinchronichealtheffects.Asbestosfibersenterthebodythroughinhalationofairborneasbestosparticlesandcanbecomeembeddedinthetissuesoftherespiratoryordigestivesystems.Diseasesassociatedwithasbestosexposureoften1402020SafetyHandbook

donotmanifestthemselvesfor25-35yearsfollowingthestartofexposure.Theriskofdiseaseissignificantlyincreasedwhenbothasbestosexposureandsmokingoccurs.Mostacidgasesexhibitonlyacutehealtheffects.Exposuretoacidgasescanbeextremelyirritating,causingasorethroat,coughingandtearingoftheeyes.However,onceexposurestops,theeffectsgenerallypasswithnolastingresults.Theexposurelimitsaredesignedtoeliminatebothshort-andlong-termsymptoms.Informationonaparticularchemical(ormixtureofchemicals)canbefoundontheSafetyDataSheet(SDSs)forthatchemical.Thisgivesthetradename,manufacturer,chemicalcomponents,exposurelimits,effectsofexposure,precautionstofollow,aswellasdataonthevaporpressure,flammability,etc.,andotherphysicaldata.Ifyouwishtoknowaboutaspecificchemicalyouworkwith,talktoyourSuperintendent/Manager,reviewtheSDSsanddiscusstheproceduresforhandlingthechemicalestab-lishedbyyourElevatorCompany.Fortunately,mostchemicalsusedintheelevatorindustryareoflowtoxicity,butlikeanychemical,mustbeusedcorrectlytoavoidhazardousconditions.14.2OilsandGreaseOSHAhasestablishedanexposurelimitof5milligramspercubicmeter(mg/m3)foroilmistinair.Intheelevatorindustry,exposureresultsfromphysicallyhandlingtheoil.Airborneexposuresarevirtuallynonexistent.Thebiggestpotentialhazardresultsfromcontactwiththeoil(especiallyusedoil)ontheskin.Usegloveswhereappropriate.Alwayswashyourhandswhentheybecomeoily-usesoapandwater.2020SafetyHandbook141

14.3CleanersCheckthelabelonthecontainerortheSDSfortheappro-priatepersonalprotectiveequipmenttowearpriortoworkingwithanychemicals.Threemaintypesofcleanersarefoundintheelevatorindustry.14.3.1.PetroleumNaphthas(a)Thesearepetroleumdistillatesornaphtha-basedcleanerscommonlyusedforoilandgreaseremoval.Theyhavearelativelylowvolatility(donotevaporatefast)andlowtoxicity.Theyhaveanodorlikegasolineorkeroseneandaregenerallyusedinaliquidform,butmayalsobefoundinaerosolform.(b)Petroleumnaphthacleanersandvaporsareflammable.Theyshallnotbeusedaroundopenflames,weldingopera-tionsorotherignitionsources.Exposuretohighvaporconcentrationscancauseirritationoftheeyes,noseandthroat,nauseaandheadaches.Careshouldbetakentoavoidusingthesematerialsinareaswithinad-equateairmovementwherethevaporscanaccumulate;ensureproperventilationbefore,duringandafteruse.(c)Excessiveskincontactcancausedefattingoftheskin,whichcanleadtoskinirritation.Goodpersonalhygienepracticesandtheuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE),suchasrubberorneopreneglovesandchemi-calgoggles,canminimizeexposure.14.3.2Hydrocarbons(a)Thesehavebeenusedforcleaningelectricalcomponentssuchascontrollersandmotors.Duetotheinherentsafetyissueswithhydrocarbons,water-basedcleanersshallbeused.Theyareusuallyfoundinaerosolform.Therearetwoformsofhydrocarboncleaner:halogenatedandnon-halogenated.1422020SafetyHandbook

(b)Halogenatedhydrocarbonscontainahighpercentageofchlorofluorocarbons(CFCs),variouscombinationsoffluorineandchlorine.ExamplesofCFCsfoundinhalo-genatedhydrocarboncleanersusedintheelevatorindus-tryinclude1,1,1-Trichloroethane(methylchloroform),Trichloro-trifluoroethane(Freondichlorodifluoromethane(Freon12).113),and14.3.3Water-BasedCleaners(a)Water-basedcleanersarebeingusedasaneffectivesubstituteforpetroleumnaphthacleanerstoremoveoilsandgrease,butwithoutthepotentialfireandhealthhazardsposedbythechemicalcompoundsfoundinthepetroleumnaphthas.Water-basedcleanersaregenerallyusedinaliquidorsemi-liquid(gel)form.Theyarealsoavail-ableforcleaningelectriccontacts(e.g.SimpleGreen,etc.).(b)Althoughthemostprevalentingredientinthesecleanersiswater,precautionsarenecessary.Repeatedandpro-longedskincontactcanremovetheoilfromtheskin,leadingtoirritationandpossibleinfection.Goodpersonalhygieneandtheuseofglovesandchemicalgoggleswilllimitexposure.14.4BabbittingBabbitcontainslead,whichisahighlytoxicmaterialandshallbehandledcorrectly.Theprimaryrouteofexposureisthroughtheinhalationoffumes,thoughingestioncanbesignificantifhandsarenotwashedbeforeeatingorsmoking.Repeatedoverexposurecanresultinelevatedconcentra-tionsinthebody,whichisslowlyeliminatedwhenexposureceases.Significantleadfumesareonlyreleasedwhentheleadapproachesitsboilingpoint,over1000°F(5378°C)whichiswellabovethetemperatureusedinbabbittingoperations,around400°F(204.4°C).Adequateventilationshallalsobe2020SafetyHandbook143

provided.Chronicoverexposuretoleadmaycausedamagetotheblood-forming,nervous,urinaryandreproductivesystemsofthebody.Symptomsincludelossofappetite,metallictasteinthemouth,excessivetiredness,constipation,nausea,nervousirritability,jointpain,tremors,weaknessanddizziness.(a)Usewedgeshackleswheneverpossible.(b)Protectivefaceshieldsandglovesshallbewornwhilepouringbabbit.(c)Preheatthebearinghousingorshackletobepouredtobesurethatitisdry.Thepresenceofmoisturewillformcapturedsteamandthehotbabbitwillexplode.(d)Avoidbreathingfumes.Meltandpourbabbitinwell-ventilatedareas.(e)Washhandspriortoeatingorsmokingafterhandlingbabbit.(f)Donotusecuttingtorchestomeltbabbit.Anelectricmeltingpotshallbeused,asitwillnotallowbabbittempera-turestoexceedasafelevel.(g)Careshallbetakenwhenusingresinsforsocketing.UseonlyCompany-approvedheatersforcuring.Donotallowthematerialtocomeintocontactwithexposedskin.Donotstorethematerialindirectsunlight.14.5Painting(a)Somepaintscontainsolventsthatcanbecombustibleorflammable.Somespraycontainershaveflammablepropellants.Somepaintshaveundesirableodors.(b)Usespraypaintonlyinwellventilatedareas.(c)Fieldemployeesshallonlyusepaintsapprovedbytheircompany.Followthetrainingyouhavebeengivenandfollowtheinstructionsforuseonthecontainerlabel.Ifyouhaveconcerns,contactyoursupervisorandreviewthematerialsafetydatasheetstobecertainnohazardexiststoyourself,fellowemployeesorthepublic.1442020SafetyHandbook

14.6Welding(a)Weldingproducesfumesfromthemetalsbeingjoinedandtheweldingrodsbeingused.Inaddition,radiationfromthearccandamagetheeyes,soappropriategogglesoraweldingmaskorhoodshallalwaysbeused.(b)Intheelevatorindustry,ironoxidefumesaretheprimaryexposureencountered.Therecommendedexposurelevelis5mg/m3(eveninindustrialenvironmentswhereweldingoperationsarecontinuousthislevelisseldomexceeded).Overexposurecancauseweldingfumefeverwhichcausesflu-likesymptoms.Welder’sexposureisfurtherreducedbytheweldingmaskorhood.(c)Incaseswhereweldingistobeperformedonpaintedsurfaces,thepaintshallfirstberemoved,usingyourcom-pany’sapprovedmethod,incasethepaintcontainslead,whichcanrapidlyvaporizeduringtheweldingprocess.Adequateventilationmustalwaysbeprovided.(SeeSection13.)(d)ASDSisrequiredforweldingrods.14.7Asbestos(a)Theterm“asbestos”referstoanumberofnaturallyoccurringsilicatematerials.Asbestosintheformsofsprayed-onfireproofing,pipeinsulationandacousticalplasterwasusedincommercialandresidentialbuildingsuntilthemid-to-late1970s,whenitsusewasbanned.(b)Thepresenceofasbestos-containingmaterialsdoesnot,initself,presentahealthrisk.Onlywhenasbestosbecomesairbornedoesitposeapotentialhazard.Asbestos,containingmaterialsthataresusceptibletocontact,waterdamageand/orairflowaremorelikelytoresultinfibersbeingreleased.Onlyapprovedtestingmethodscandeterminewhetherasbestosispresent,andatwhatlevels.2020SafetyHandbook145

(c)Employeesshallnotperformanyconstruction,maintenanceorrepairsinareaswherethereisapotentialexposuretoPresumedAsbestosContainingMaterial(PACM)orAsbestosContainingMaterial(ACM)inexcessofthePersonalExposureLimitsorinregulatedareasinthenormalscopeoftheirworkwithoutfirstreceivingthepropertrainingandpersonalprotectiveequipmentforthetypeorclassofworktobeperformed.Ifanyemployeeisaskedtoentersuchareastheyshallfirstcontacttheirsupervisorforinstructions,beforeenteringtheareas.Employeesshallnot,underanycircumstancesinten-tionallydisturb,removeorcleanupasbestoscontainingmaterialwithoutfirstcontactingtheirsupervisor.(d)CAUTIONwhendrillingindoorsthatyoususpectcontainasbestos,specialtrainingandworkpracticesarerequired.Contactyoursupervisor.14.8FlammableLiquidsandSolvents(a)ONLYNON-FLAMMABLEPVCGLUESHALLBEUSEDFORBONDINGSECTIONSOFIN-GROUNDPVCHYDRAULICJACKLINERS.(b)Whenusingpaints,solventsandchemicals,readthewarn-inglabels,appropriateSDSsandfollowinstructions.(c)Avoidgettingsolventonclothing.Ifclothingbecomescontaminated,itshallbechangedimmediately.(d)Flames,sparksoranyotherignitionsourceshallbekeptawayfromflammableliquidsandtheirvapors.Smokingisprohibitedinareaswheresuchmaterialsareusedorstored,and“NoSmoking”signsshallbepostedintheseareas.(e)Flammableliquidsshallnotbetransferredfromonecontainertoanotherunlesselectricallyinterconnected.(f)Storeinproperlylabeledsafetycansorinoriginalcontainerifonegallonorless.1462020SafetyHandbook

(g)Flammableandcombustiblematerialsshallnotbestoredinareasusedforexits,stairwaysorareasnormallyusedforthesafepassageofpeople.(h)Besurethereisadequateventilationwhenstoringflam-mableorcombustiblematerials.Nomorethan25gal.(90.84L)ofsuchmaterialsshallbestoredinaroom,unlessanapprovedsafetystoragecabinetisprovided.(i)14.9CarbonDustMostelectricalbrushesexpelcarbondustontomachineroomequipment.Whencleaningcomponents,avoidirritationtoskinandbreathingpassageways.Youmayconsiderwear-ingadustmaskandlatexglovesoruseaclosedsystem(bonnet).Safetyglasses/gogglesarealsorequiredifliquidcleaningagentsarebeingused.14.10SulfuricAcidTypeBatteries(a)Batteriesmaycontainsulfuricacidandassuchshallbehandledwithcare.Theacidiscontainedinagelmediaandisnotsubjecttoleaking(unlesscaseiscracked),howeverathightemperatures(greaterthan140°F)thegelmayliquefycausingleakage.Similarlydischargedbatteriesmayfreezeattemperaturesbelow10°Fwhichcancrackthecaseandcausesubsequentleakage.(b)Sulfuricacidiscorrosiveandcancauseburnstotheskinandeyes.Fumescancauseeye,noseandthroatirrita-tion,butsignificantfumeswouldonlybegeneratedinunusualcircumstancesifthebatteryweretobecomeoverheated.(c)Alwaysusepersonalgroundstrapstodissipatestaticdischargeifyoumusthandlehotbatteries.Batterycabinetshelvesaretobelinedwithplastictopreventleakingbatteriesfromeatingtheshelfwhich,ifundetected,maycauseittocollapse.2020SafetyHandbook147

NOTE:Sixteen12Vbatteriesinaseriescangenerateupto192volts.Rememberdisconnectingthemainlineswitchdoesnotprotectyou.Useproperglovesandinsulatedtoolsandfollowsafeelectricalworkpractices.(d)Whenworkingonorinroomswithsulfuricacidbatteriesthefollowingitemsshallbekeptonsite/insidetheeleva-tormachineroom:(1)One(1)PairofRubberGloves(2)One(1)PairofSafetyGoggles(3)One(1)SpillKit(4)One(1)RubberApron(5)One(1)FaceShield(6)One(1)EyeWashKit(7)One(1)BottleofSterileWater(8)One(1)BoxofBakingSoda(e)Neverattempttocleanupaspillunlesstrained.(f)Disposeofdamagedbatteriesorotherhazardouswastesproperly(g)Inaddition,itisrecommendedthattheproperwarningsignagebepostedonthemachineroomdoor.(h)Whenhandlingortestingbatteries,youshallweargloves,apronandfullfaceshield(andgoggles)toavoidcontactwithacidwhichmayleakfromthebattery.Ifacidgas/fumesaredetected,immediatelyexittheroomandnotifyyoursupervisor.(j)Acidgas/fumesarereadilydetectedbyanirritationinthenoseandthroat.(k)Aschargingproduceshydrogenwhichreadilyburns,machineroomsshouldbewellventilatedtopreventhydro-genbuildup.(L)Smoking,flamesorsparksshallbekeptawayfrombat-teries.Usepersonalgroundstrapswhenhandlinghotbatteriestocontrolstaticdischarge.(m)Thefollowingproceduresshouldbefollowedincaseofcontactwithacid:<i)1482020SafetyHandbook

(1)Eyes:Flushwithwaterfor15minutes-useeyewashinsafetykitandfollowupwithordinarywaterifnecessary.Seekmedicalattention.(2)Skin:Flushaffectedpartsofthebodywithlargeamountsofwater,thenneutralizewithbakingsodaorsodiumbicarbonateandremovecontaminatedclothing.Iftheburnissevere,goimmediatelytotheemergencyroomatthenearesthospital.(3)Inhalation:Removeimmediatelytofreshair,ifdizzyorunconscious,transportimmediatelytotheemer-gencyroomatthenearesthospital.(4)Ingestion:Ifsulfuricacidisswallowed,DONOTINDUCEVOMITING,washoutthemouthwithwater,ifmilkisavailabledrinkasmuchaspossible,ifnot,thendrinkasmuchwateraspossibleandgoimmedi-atelytotheemergencyroomatthenearesthospital.(n)Beforeenergizingequipment,ensuredoorsonbatterycompartmentareclosed.Therehavebeenisolatedreportsofbatteriesexplodingwhenfirstputunderload.(o)Batteriesshallnotbestackedoneachotherasthismaycrackthecase.(p)Donotcleanbatterycaseswithcleaningsolvents.(q)Returnallusedbatteriestolocalofficeforproperdisposal.(r)Beawarethatallbottlesofeyewashandboxesofbakingsodaaredatedandshallberoutinelycheckedandreplacedasnecessary.Makecertainthatacurrentlydatedeyewashbottleandboxofbakingsodaisavailable.14.11RadioFrequency(RF)AwarenessRadiofrequency(RF)exposuremaybeencounteredduringmachine-roomaccess.Beawareandobeythefollowingsafetypractices.(a)BeawarethatRFenergyexists.(b)Obeyallpostedsigns.(c)Neverstopdirectlyinfrontofanantenna.2020SafetyHandbook149

(d)Themaximumpermissibleexposuresaresetapproximately10timeslowerthanthelevelsthatareknowntocauseadverseeffects.ANSIhasguidelinesfortheselimits.(e)Nevertouchanantenna.Touchingun-insulatedanten-nasorotherun-insulatedobjectsonanantennamaycauseburns.Mostantennasareinsulatedbyafiber-glasscoatingforyourprotection.(f)Assumethatallantennasareactiveandmaintainaminimumof3-ft.safedistanceperFCCguidelines.Somecommunicationprovidersrecommendmaintain-inga7-ft.distancefromtheemittingsource.(g)Asaprecaution,ifapacemakerisworn,youshouldconsultyourphysicianbeforeenteringanoutlinedareaaroundanantenna.(h)EffectsofRFexposuredonotaccumulateovertime.(i)ProlongedexposuretolowlevelsofRFenergyarenotconsideredtobeahealthrisk.(j)ProlongedexposuretosufficientlyhighlevelsofRFenergycancauseabuildupofheat.(k)Contactyoursupervisorifyouhaveconcerns.14.12SilicaDustCrystallineSilicaPolicyandProcedures(a)ThetermCrystallineSilica,SiliconeDioxide(Si02)ChemicalCompoundreferstoanaturalcompoundcommonlyusedinindustrialmaterials.Quartz,themostcommonformofsilica,isacomponentfoundinrock,sand,concrete,stone,brick,mortarandblock.(b)InaccordancewithOSHA29CFR1926.1153,stan-dardexposurecontrolmethodsforrelevantelevatorandescalatorassociatedinstallation/modernization/repairworkwillinclude,pertheOSFIATable1forapplicabletasks,specialtooling,methodsand,undersomecircumstances,mandatoryrespiratoruseuntilairmonitoringiscollectedensuringexposurelevelwill1502020SafetyHandbook

remainbelow25ug/m3duringan8-hourTWAunderanyunforeseeableconditions.(c)Atthetimeofpublication,thefollowingURLprovidedadirectlinktotheOSHAwebpageforOSHA29CFR1926.1153andTable1:https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standard-number/1926/1926.1153Section15INCLINEDELEVATORSYoushallfamiliarizeyourselfwiththesafetyproceduresoutlinedthroughoutthissafetyhandbook.Inaddition,thefollow-ingsafetyrequirementsshallreceivespecialattentionwhenworkingonInclinedElevators.(a)Inclinedelevatorsoperateatsomedegreefromthehorizontalandpresenthazardsnotexpectedbyper-sonsfamiliarwithverticalelectricelevators.(b)Thehorizontalmotionofthecarandcounterweightmustalwaysbeconsideredaswellasthefactthatmostinclinedelevatorshavetheircounterweightoperatingdirectlybelowthecarchassis(frame),sometimewithinthesameguiderail.Counterweightpitguardsarenotrequired.(c)Inclinedelevatorcounterweightsarecommonlylocatedwithinthesameguiderailassemblyandbelowthecar.Beextremelycautiousnearthemid-pointoftravel.(d)Endloadinginclinedelevatorshavenorunbyandthecardoorwillbeextremelyclosetothelandingdoorattheuphillterminal.(1)Thereisnorefugeinthedirectionoftravelbeyondtheterminals.(2)Keepallpartsofthebodyandanytoolsinsidethecarwheninmotion.2020SafetyHandbook151

Section16ESCALATORSANDMOVINGWALKSYoushallfamiliarizeyourselfwiththesafetyproceduresoutlinedthroughoutthissafetyhandbook.Inaddition,thefol-lowingsafetyrulesshallreceivespecialattentionwhenworkingonescalatorsormovingwalks:(a)Mechanicsarrivingatalocationshallalerttheownerorsuperintendentandplacecompany-approvedsignsandproperbarricadesatbothendsofescalatorsandwalkstorestrictallnon-authorizedpersonsfromenteringtheworkareaorstairways.(SeeSection4.3)(1)Whenstep,step-treads,pallets,combplates,comb-plateteeth,floorplatesortrapdoorshavebeenremoved,andpowerisnotrequiredfortheequip-mentitshallbelockedout,taggedoutandsecuredfrommovementwithbarricadesinplaceatbothends.(2)Unattendedequipmentshallalwaysbelockedandtaggedout.Whensteps/palletsareremovedalwaysattachanotetothelockoutandtagoutindicatingthesteps/palletshasbeenremoved.(b)Beforeworkbegins,themechanicshallinstructallemployeesinexperiencedwithescalatorormovingwalkserviceonthelocationoftheemergency“STOP”buttonandsafetyswitches.(c)Communicatewithallemployeesbeforemovinganesca-latororwalk.Repeatcommandsordirectionsignals.Makesuretheiractionsshowtheyunderstandyourmessage.(d)NEVERstart,orattempttostart,aunitwhileanyoneison,orin,orabouttostepontotheunit.(e)Wheneverworkmustbeperformedwithintheinteriorplaneofthesteps/pallets(truss)ormachineryspacethatdoesnotrequiremovementoftheunit,lockoutandtagoutthe1522020SafetyHandbook

mainlinepowerdisconnectinthe“OFF”position.SeeLockoutandTagoutprocedures,Section73.(f)Beforeyouentertheunitorthepit,personallyverifythattheunitwillnotstartbytestingalllocationsandpossiblecombinationsoftherunandspeedkey-startswitches.(g)Beawarethatthepowermaystillbeliveatthejunctionbox,evenafterthemainlinepowerhasbeendeactivated.Useacircuittestertotestallcircuitsbeforeworkingonthem.(h)Whileworkingonescalatorsormovingwalks,theper-soninattendanceshallhavecompletecontroloftheequipment.(i)Separateyourescalator-ormoving-walk-startkeysfromyourkeyring.Theweightofafullringofkeyscanholdakeyswitchoverinthe“ON”or“START”position,whichoverridesthesafetycircuit.Ifyoutrytostoptheunit,thekeywouldre-starttheunitimmediately.(j)Alwaysremovethestartkeyfromtheswitchwhenyoudonotneedit,especiallywhenyouareleavingthearea.(k)Whenremovingstepsorpallets,useproperliftingtechniques.(L)Whenworkingonoraroundmovingequipment,takeprecautionstoavoidgettingyourself,oratool,caughtorpulledintotheequipment.Beawareofallpinchpoints.Neverattempttoremoveaforeignobjectfromanescalatorormovingwalkwiththeunitinoperation.(m)Whenwalkingonapartiallydisassembledunit,avoidwalkingonthestepaxlesasmuchaspossible.Alwaysholdthehandrail.Theunitshallbeelectricallylockedoutandblocked(SeeSection73)(n)Wherepossible,donot“inch”equipmentunlesstheholdingcircuithasbeenopened.2020SafetyHandbook153

(o)Whenanystepsorpalletsareremoved,alwayswork,orifnecessary,ridefacingtheopening.(p)Itisrecognizedthattemporarycircuitjumpersorclipsmaybetheonlymeansavailableforconductingsomeserviceworkonescalatorsormovingwalks.Thesedevicesshallonlybeusedasalastresort.(SeeSection6.)(q)Beforeleavingthebuilding,iftheunitistobereturnedtoservice,removeall“OutofService”signsandbarricades.CheckoutwiththeBuildingSuperintendent/Manager.(r)Shouldlivetestingonthecontrollerbenecessary:(1)Placethemainlinedisconnectswitchinthe“OFF”position;(2)Removethecontrollerfromthemachineryspace:(3)Securethecontrollerinaverticalpositionpriortomovingthemainlinedisconnecttothe“ON”position(4)Beforereturningthecontroltothemachineryspaceplacethemainlinedisconnectinthe“OFF”position.1542020SafetyHandbook

Section17DUMBWAITERSYoushallfamiliarizeyourselfwiththesafetyproceduresoutlinedthroughoutthissafetyhandbook.Inaddition,thefol-lowingsafetyrulesshallreceivespecialattentionwhenwork-ingondumbwaiters.(a)Neverrideorstandonadumbwaiter,unlesstheratedloadexceedsyourweight,plustheweightofyourtools.Thecabmustalsobestructurallycapableofholdingyourweight,plustheweightofyourtoolsbeforeyouaccessthetopofthecar,evenifthecarissecuredasdescribedbelow.(b)Beforeridingorstandingontopofadumbwaiter,ensurethefollowingsafetyprecautionsareinplace:(1)Ensurethedumbwaiterisequippedwithafunction-ingtop-of-caroperatingstation.(2)Ensurethetop-of-caremergencystopswitchisoperat-ing.(SeeStopSwitchProcedureSection8.1.)(3)Verifyifthedumbwaiterisequippedwithsafeties.(4)Alwaysrideontopofthedumbwaiterandneverinsidethecar.(5)Observeoverheadclearance.(c)Ifworkmustbeperformedontopofthecarandanyoneofthefivesafetyprecautionsabovearenotpresent,othermethodsofsecuringthecarshallbeemployed.InitiatetheLockoutandTagoutProcedureinSection7.2andsecurethecarfromtheoverheadorblockthecarfrombelowinsuchamannerthatthecarwillholdyourweight,plustheweightofyourtools.(d)Whenworkingfromthecartop,beextremelycarefulthatyourbodyiswithintheconfinesofthecarandclearofallhoistwayprotrusionswhilerunning.2020SafetyHandbook155

(e)Makesurealloperatingdevicesareinactive(pushbuttons,automatic-levelingandhomingcircuits,etc.),exceptthoseunderyourimmediatecontrol.Checkturnbucklesoncarandcounterweightropestobesuretheyaredouble-nuttedandcotterkeyed.Wireropehasatendencytotwistwhenoperatingoversheavesandwillspinnutsoffturnbucklesiftheyarenotsecuredwithacotterkey.Neverleaveahoistwaydooropenorunlockedataland-ingwhenthecarisnotthere,levelorunderconditionswherethecarcanmove,unlesstheopeningisguardedbyaCompetentPerson.Checkforadequateoverheadandunder-the-carclearancebeforegettingontopofcarorinthepit.Donotenterpitunlessmainlinepowerswitchhasbeendisconnected,lockedoutandtaggedout.(SeeSection72.)Ondumbwaiterswithautomatic-transferdevices,besureallsuchunitsarewithinthecarbeforerunning.Whenworkingthroughanopenhoistwaydoororthemachineroomdoorandthecarismoved,becarefultoavoidcontactwiththecar-gatespreader.Whentroubleshooting,beawareslackropeinthesystemcancauseunintendedmovementofthecar.Donotinsertbodyunder,overorintocabwhiletryingtofreecar.<f)(g)(h)(i)(j)(k)(I)1562020SafetyHandbook

(e)Makesurealloperatingdevicesareinactive(pushbuttons,automatic-levelingandhomingcircuits,etc.),exceptthoseunderyourimmediatecontrol.Checkturnbucklesoncarandcounterweightropestobesuretheyaredouble-nuttedandcotterkeyed.Wireropehasatendencytotwistwhenoperatingoversheavesandwillspinnutsoffturnbucklesiftheyarenotsecuredwithacotterkey.Neverleaveahoistwaydooropenorunlockedataland-ingwhenthecarisnotthere,levelorunderconditionswherethecarcanmove,unlesstheopeningisguardedbyaCompetentPerson.Checkforadequateoverheadandunder-the-carclearancebeforegettingontopofcarorinthepit.Donotenterpitunlessmainlinepowerswitchhasbeendisconnected,lockedoutandtaggedout.(SeeSection72.)Ondumbwaiterswithautomatic-transferdevices,besureallsuchunitsarewithinthecarbeforerunning.Whenworkingthroughanopenhoistwaydoororthemachineroomdoorandthecarismoved,becarefultoavoidcontactwiththecar-gatespreader.Whentroubleshooting,beawareslackropeinthesystemcancauseunintendedmovementofthecar.Donotinsertbodyunder,overorintocabwhiletryingtofreecar.<f)(g)(h)(i)(j)(k)(I)1562020SafetyHandbook

SECTION18SERVICEANDREPAIRPPEHAZARDASSESSMENTNEIIFORMSC0118.1InstructionsOSHArequireseachemployertoassesstheworkplacetodetermineifhazardsarepresent,orlikelytobepresent,whichnecessitatetheuseofPersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE).Currently,thisregulationdoesnotapplytoconstruction.18.2OverviewPPEisdesignedtoaidintheprotectionagainstworkandenvironmentalhazardsthatcannotbeeliminated.TheOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)requiresemployerstoconducta“hazardassessment”fortheworkplace.ThesurveyresultscanserveasthebasisforestablishingPPErequirementsforallsimilarjobs.TheNEIISafetyCommitteedevelopedtheServiceandRepairPPEHazardAssessmentFormtohelptheindustryfacilitatecompliancewiththeOSHAregulationsspecifiedabove.TheServiceandRepairPPEHazardAssessmentForm(NEIISC01)shallbeutilizedinconjunctionwiththeElevatorIndustryFieldEmployees’SafetyHandbookandisintendedtohelpyourcompanyandyoucomplywiththeOSHAPPEStandard.18.3GeneralAllequipmentshallbecompanyapprovedanddesignedfortheworktobeperformed.AllPPEequipmentshallbeusedandmaintainedinasanitaryandreliablecondition.Theseprovisionsapplytoallfieldpersonnel,managementpersonnelandvisitors.2020SafetyHandbook157

18.4FootandLegProtection(a)Allfootwearshallmeetindustryandcompanyrequirementsandprotecttheworkerfromfalling,rollingorsharpobjects,wetslipperysurfacesandpotentialelectricalhazards.(b)Leggingsprotectthelowerlegandfeetfromweldingsparks.Safetysnapsallowthemtoberemovedquickly.Kneeguardsmayberequirediftheworkerisexposedtoextendedkneeling.(AlsoseeSection3.4)18.5HeadProtection(a)OSHAregulationsmandatethatallworkerswearprotectivehelmetsinareaswherethereisapossibledangerofheadinjuryfromimpact,fallingorflyingobjects,orelectricalshockandburns.(b)Eachworkerisrequiredtocomplywithbothindustryandcompanystandardsonwhen,whereandhowtofitandwearhardhats.Hardhatsshallcomplywiththe‘AmericanNationalStandardsSafetyRequirementsforIndustrialHeadProtection,”ANSIZ89.1-1986,whichshallbemarkedonthehelmet’sshell.(AlsoseeSection3.3)18.6HearingProtection(a)OSHAhasestablishedpermissiblenoiselevelsanddura-tionofexposureforworkers.Whennoiselevelsorexpo-surecannotbereducedtobelowthepermissiblenoiselevel,earprotectiondevicesshallbeprovidedandworn.(b)Tobeeffective,thedeviceusedshallbeproperlyfitted.Someearplugsaredisposableandshouldbediscardedafteroneuse.Nondisposableearplugsshallbecleanedaftereachuse.(AlsoseeSection3.5)1582020SafetyHandbook

18.7EyeandFaceProtection(a)Eyeandfaceprotectiveequipmentshallbeprovidedwhenthereisapotentialforinjuryfromflyingparticles,liquidchemicals,gases,electricalshock/arcingandradi-antenergy.Companiesarerequiredtoprovideatypeofeyeprotectionsuitablefortheworktobeperformed.(b)Eyeandfaceprotectioncanincludegoggles,glassesandfaceshields.Eyeprotectiondevicesshallcomplywiththe‘AmericanNationalStandardPracticeforOccupationalandEducationalEyeandFaceProtection,”ANSIZ87.1-1989.(AlsoseeSection3.2)18.8RespiratoryProtection(a)Thecompanyshallprovideappropriaterespiratorydevices,whererequired.Theyaretobeusedbyallaffectedworkersinaccordancewiththecompany’srespiratoryprogram.(b)AllrespiratorydevicesshallbeapprovedbytheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesNationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealthforthecon-taminantorsituationtowhichtheworkerisexposed.(AlsoseeSection3.8)18.9PersonalFallArrestSystemThecompanyshallprovideeachworkeranappropriatepersonalfallarrestsystemtobeused,whererequired.Safetyharnesses,lifelinesandshock-absorbinglanyardsshallbeusedwhenguardrailsandsafetynetsarenotavail-ableorfeasible,andthereisafallexposureoversixfeet.(AlsoseeSection3.6and4.1)2020SafetyHandbook159

18.10HandProtectionIfthereisapotentialforcuts,abrasions,burnsandskincontactwithchemicals,gloves,suitableforthehazard,shallbeworn.(AlsoseeSection3.7)18.11OSHARegulationsAjobhazardassessmentforPPEisrequiredby29CFRSubpart1,Section1910.132through138.AdditionalPPErequirementscanbelocatedin29CFRSubpartE,Section1926.95through107andotherregulations,suchasSubpartG,KandM.TheServiceandRepairPPEHazardAssessmentestablishestheminimumPPErequirementsforelevatorindus-trypersonnelperformingserviceandrepairwork.18.12AssessingWorkplaceHazardsTheemployershallassesstheworkplacehazardstodeterminewherePPEisrequired.UseoftheServiceandRepairPPEHazardAssessmentForm(NEIISC01)isrecom-mendedtohelptheelevatorcompanycomplywithOSHAregulations.Theassessmentprocessisoutlinedasfollows:(a)ACompetentPersonshallconductahazardassess-menttoidentifyhazardswhichrequirePPEand/ortoverifythePPEusedbytheworkerissufficient.Thisshallbenotedanddocumentedaswrittencertifica-tionoftheassessment.(b)Select,andhaveeachaffectedemployeeuse,thetypesofPPEthatwillprotecttheaffectedemployeefromthehazardsidentifiedinthehazardassessment.(c)IssueandtraineachemployeeontheuseandcareoftherequiredPPEandensurethateachemployeehasproperlyfittedPPE.1602020SafetyHandbook

(d)Appropriateequipmentshallbeissuedtotheemployeepriortostartuporatnew-hireorientationbytheemployer.TheemployeemayberequiredtoprovidesomePPE.18.13TrainingOSHArequiresthecompanytoprovidetrainingtoeachemployeewhoisrequiredtohavePPEandtoknow:(a)whenPPEisnecessary;(b)whatPPEisnecessary;(c)howtoproperlywear,fit,adjustandremovePPE;(d)thelimitationsofthePPE;and(e)thepropercare,maintenance,usefullifeanddisposalofthePPE.IfthecompanyhasreasontobelievethetrainedworkerdoesnothavetheunderstandingandskillrequiredbythecompanytousethePPE,thecompanyshallremovetheworkerfromthejobuntiltheworkerisadequatelytrained.Eachcompanyisrequiredtocertifythateachworkerhasbeentrainedorretrainedifthereisajobassignmentchangewhichpresentsanewhazard,ortheneedforretrainingisidentified.Documentationonthedate,typeoftrainingandworker’snameshouldberetainedasdocumentation.2020SafetyHandbook161

Page1of2IITopofCar[^]OutsideofCar(Landing)Escalator/MovingWalkInsideofCarMachineRoomSERVICEANDREPAIRPPEHAZARDASSESSENT(MAYNOTBEALLINCLUSIVE)Date:nmmmaJob:o>PitCDroPreparedBy:CPersonalProtectiveEquipmentControl(CFR1910)AdditionalControll\)OoWorkLocation:EyesFaceHands/ArmsHeadFeet/LegsOther*(Specify)N)00oCO0)MajorTasks:If)2QCOLU200UJLULUC/)XCD0)>Steps:QCOLUoinCOLUXOLULUCDr—LUXCOQCDO1.COLUz>OZLU<LULUCO>O*3LUt:c>xo£o2.8O<coCDFxCDCOocLUXLU<h-CO<CDOCOCOccCD>COQocXoL-LULU3.LUCDLUQLU<ocoXt-UJzXo*<I—>CO*8zCOS90)3COCDz><<oXCDOoXIU<XXCO4.CDD<OXCDXCO<XoUJLL<X3QXOO3CDXCOXUJo><oCDLUXL—CL5QCO(D< >OCO<5.oCDLUCOzCOQ.<CO-LUXCD5COCDXXO<COLUXLUXXOLUZXzX<Xt8LU8XLUCDZUJOXXCOO'zoLUXLU*ooXOLUQCOCO>XXQQOXoxCDXLU*XLUCOLUXh-LUIULUZLULUHoo<LUI—CDXLUo<2OCOLUXOXLUXZO<<LULULULUOOXXXXXh-LULUXX<<<zoXh-<<HazardsUJO$5$oZ3CDCDOXO OXXzXXCOCOXCOCO COX*XCO•EquipmentMovementJCarJEscalator/MovingWalk•Electrical-EnergizedHighVoltage-EnergizedLowVoltage-De-energized-InspectingController-UseofMeters*OverheadClearances*Housekeeping•HazardousTrash•Environmental-Chemicals-Solvents/Oils-Temperature-SpaceConstraints-Dust/CarbonDust-Noise-Paints•SiteConditions-Stairways-Ladders-Projections-WalkingSurfaces-FloorOpenings©2004,NEII.SalemNYFormSC01*Mayberequiredtocomplywithotherregulatoryand/orcompanystandards

091->1ooqpui3HAwesOZOZ©IU»uiwro^U}2wCD0O80in£OCDif)oIoCO<E5ID0n3-0-D<Oz3“0=H09L0o00oo2.c3.3.0O30oo'ro3>CT3KD3.350<atoSLQ.OCLrHCT•o9:35CD302.3oCO03'301COQL£CO3m33.COCO3CO$55o§fioc/>0coCOCO>3ODO9L©3-*rooco2.o(OaOOQ-0o£O3-oIDo3-3C3Z<003owO:/i30<-cCOI00830£B3I0355oNCO•H30O82:o]a0V>35'COcoaoc3^mO2?.0<E00O03-»J2.5'Si9-0o0§f£35'ZT18OCHECKIFAPPLICABLEco0£3a.SAFETYGLASSESW/SIDESHIELDS8>3T3mco*<SAFETYGOGGLES073WELDING(GLASSES&GOGGLES)RESPIRATORT>0~ncnFACESHIELD0o3m0>533?><0WELDERSHOOD(W/TINTEDLENS)-oHEARINGPROTECTIONON°>mH331,1coo>0OCOTTONWORKGLOVES<:0CUTRESISTANTGLOVEmm-Q>C>F(/)®r(/)DOzm moa)5£0>5=m55RUBBERGLOVEIo033NEOPRENEGLOVECL0£3>LEATHERGLOVEO-T3o0HEATRESISTANTGLOVEcno<_i"0m^—SLEEVESOUT1£*<WELDERSJACKETJJmg-COSTANDARDHARDHATiXo0e0&OTHERaoSAFETYSHOEST100i3-PANTS/COVERALLScSaKNEEGUARDSs0JPERSONALFALLARRESTSYSTEM£.-o•20crLIFELINEST3oGUARDRAILS/BARRICADES30CL>I-<HOLECOVERINGSODaa=rs5:LOCKOUT/TAGOUT0£oDGFCI0)&0o0STOPSWITCHPROCEDUREoOo300Oq8LajnBy

JOBHAZARDANALYSISO)4^JoborOperationTitleJobHazardN>ONameofBuilding/LocationTitleofEmployeeDoingJobRegionandLocationr\)OGODatePerformedPerformedByVerifiedByCDSTSpecialorPrimaryHazardsPersonalProtectiveEquipment£CDBasicJobStepsExistingand/orPotentialHazardsCorrectiveMeasures3Q.&oo

Section19DRIVINGANDVEHICLESAFETYMotorvehicleincidentsarethenumberonecauseoflostworktimeandon-the-jobfatalities.Considerthis:approximately40%ofalloccupationaldeathsaremotorvehiclerelated.19.1RecognizingHazardsRecognizingtraffichazardsrequiresbeingawareofvehiclesthatareenteringorexitingtheroadway,goingtoofastorslowforconditions,orchanginglanes.Otherskillsincludeaware-nessofweatherconditions,trafficflowandroadconditions.Adrivershouldknowwhat’sgoingonaheadatleastonecityblock,toeachside,ontheroadbehind,andinsidethevehicle.Hazardsincludepedestrians,schoolbuses,animals,inter-sections,schoolzones,vehiclebreakdowns,cargospillsandtrafficlights.19.2Alcohol/DrugUseMoremotorvehiclefatalitiesarelinkedtoalcohol/drugusethananyothercause.Itisaviolationoflawtooperateanyvehiclewhileimpaired.DONOTDRINKANDDRIVE.19.3SafetyBeltsAreForEveryoneThesafetybeltenablesyoutotakecontrolofyourlife.Sure,youmaynotbeabletocontrolthat drunkdriverwhoisheadedstraightforyourcar,butyoucancontrolyourchancesofsurvivingthecrash.Aslongasyouwearyoursafetybelt,youareincontrol.Yourchancesofsurvivalincreaseabout50%.Thereisnoquestionaboutit,safetybeltsreducefatalitiesandinjuries.Safetybeltsshallbewornevenifthevehicleisequippedwithanairbag.SEATBELTSSHALLBEWORNATALLTIMES.2020SafetyHandbook165

19.4VehicleMaintenancePropervehiclemaintenanceisvitalforsafeandefficientoperation.Thedriverofthevehiclewillknowbestwhennon-scheduledmaintenanceisnecessary.Beforeeachtrip,thedrivershallchecklights,mirrors,tiresandbrakes,andthattheloadissecured.Remember,safedrivingdoesn’thappenbyaccident;youmakeithappen.19.5CommunicationDevicesDonotoperatecommunicationdevices(unlesshandsfree)whileoperatingamotorvehicle.Localordinancesmaydiffer;refertorequirementsinyourarea.Pullvehicletothesideoftheroadandstopinasafeplacebeforeoperatingcommunicationdevices.1662020SafetyHandbook

Section20SUBSTANCEABUSE(a)NoElevatorIndustryemployeemayuseorpossessunlawfuldrugs.(b)EmployeesshallnotbringprescriptiondrugsonCompanypropertyorjobsites,unlessalicensedphysi-cianhasprescribedthem.Onlyemployeesreceivingsuchprescriptionsinthemanner,combinationandquantityprescribedcanutilizesuchdrugs.(c)Employeesshallnotuseover-the-counterorprescriptiondrugsthatmayimpairyourperformance.(d)Employeesshallnotusealcoholicbeveragesduringwork-inghoursandshallnotbeundertheinfluenceofalcoholwhileatwork.(e)Employeesshallnotbringalcoholontothejobsiteforthepurposeofsuchuse.(f)Employeesshallbesubjecttodrugand/oralcoholtest-ingfollowinganaccidentonCompanypropertyoronCompanybusiness.(g)Anyemployeewhoseconduct,appearanceorbehaviormaytendtosuggestthattheindividualisimpairedorotherwisenotfittoperformthetasksofhisorherjobandisundertheinfluenceofdrugsoralcohol,willberequiredtosubmittotestingasspecifiedintheirCompanypolicy.(h)Employeeswhohavefailedaprevioustestshallbesubjecttounannouncedfollow-uptestingforaperiodofone(1)yearaftertheirreturntoduty.2020SafetyHandbook167

Section21GLOSSARYOFTERMSThisglossarydefinesvarioustermsusedintheElevatorIndustryFieldEmployees’SafetyHandbook.Abatement-Eliminationofworkplacehazardseitherimme-diatelyorthroughaprocess.Acute-InjuryorIllnesscausedbyaone-timeexposure.AcuteEffect-Adverseeffectwhichhasseveresymptomsdevelopingrapidlyandcomingquicklytoacrisis.AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute[ANSI]-Avoluntarymembershiporganization(runwithprivatefunding)thatcoordinatesthedevelopmentofconsensusstandardsnationallyandverifiesthattheprinciplesofopennessanddueprocesshavebeenfollowed.ASMEA17.1/CSAB44Code-Acodeofsafetystandardscoveringthedesign,construction,operation,inspection,testing,maintenance,alterationandrepairofelevators,escalators,movingwalksanddumbwaiters.AKASafetyCodeforElevatorsandEscalators,ASMEA171/CSAB44anAmericanNationalStandard.Barricade-Atemporarystructuretorestrictaccesstoanescalatororelevator.BloodbornePathogens-AnOSHAStandard,29CFR1910.1030,requiringCompanieswhoseemployeesareexposedtohumanbloodorotherpotentiallyinfectiousmaterialtohaveaprogramthatisdisseminatedtoallemployees.Carcinogen-Asubstanceorphysicalagentthatmaycausecancer.Chemical-ManufacturedsubstanceusedontheworksitethatrequiresanMaterialSafetyDataSheet.Chronic-InjuryorIllnesscausedbyapersistent,prolongedorrepeatedexposuretoahazardorhazardouscondition.1682020SafetyHandbook

ChronicEffect-Anadverseeffectonahumanbody,withsymptomswhichdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftimeorwhichrecurfrequently.CodeofFederalRegulations[CFR]-Federalcodesthataddressspecificstandards,includingOSHAregulations.CompetentPerson-Apersonwhoiscapableofidentifyingexistingandpredictablehazards,onthejob,inthesurround-ingsorworkingconditionswhichareunsanitary,hazardousordangeroustoemployeesandwhohasauthorizationtotakepromptcorrectivemeasurestoeliminatethem.ConfinedSpace-Anareathathasadequatesizeandconfigura-tionforemployeeentry;andhasalimitedmeansforentryandexit;andisnotdesignedforcontinuousoccupancy.Do-Not-StartTag-Acompanyapprovedtagusedinconjunctionwiththecompanylockout/tagoutprogram,advisingtheequipmenthasbeende-energizedformaintenanceorrepairs.EmergencyResponse-Aplantoensureemployeesafetyintheeventoffireandotheremergenciesthatisnotlimitedto,escapeproceduresandroutes,employeeaccountingandreporting.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency[EPA]-AFederalagencyresponsiblefortheadministrationoflawstocon-troland/orreducepollutionoftheair,waterandland.Equipment-elevators,escalators,dumbwaiters,movingwalks,platformliftsandchairlifts.ExplosiveRange-Therangebetweenthelowerandupperexplosivelimits,expressedintermsofpercentageofvapororgasinairbyvolume,andisalsooftenreferredtoasthe“FlammableRange.”FallHazard-existswhenworkingmorethan6ft(1.8m)abovealowerlevel(unlesstheregulatoryauthorityrequires4ft.(1.2m))andanopeninggreaterthan12in.(305mm).2020SafetyHandbook169

FallProtection-Theuseofguardrails,floorholecoversorpersonalfallarrestsystemswhenapotentialfallhazardexists.FalseCar-Atemporarymovableplatformassembledorbuiltonthejobsiteforinstallingelevatorequipment.FlashPoint-Thelowesttemperatureatwhichaliquidgivesoffenoughvaportoformanignitablemixturewithairandburnwhenasourceofignition(sparks,openflames,cigarettes,etc.)ispresent.FootProtection-Workshoesorbootsthatmeetthecom-pany,industryand/orANSIZ41standard.Ground-FaultCircuitInterrupter[GFCI]-Adeviceintendedfortheprotectionofpersonnelthatfunctionstode-energizeacircuitorportionthereofwithinanestab-lishedperiodoftimewhenacurrenttogroundexceeds4-6milliamps(mA).GuardrailSystem-AnOSHAcompliantbarrierinstalledattheentranceofelevatorhoistwayoraroundahoistwayorescalator/movingwalkwellwayatconstruction,moderni-zationormajorrepairsite.HazardCommunication[HAZCOMorRight-to-Know]-Aformalprocesstoalertemployeesaboutworkplacechemicalsthroughawrittenprogram.Incident-Anoccurrenceoreventresultinginaseriousinjury,illness(medicaltreatmentbeyondfirstaid),death,environmentalspilland/ornearmiss.JobHazardAssessment[JHA]-Processofanalyzingeachstepofatasktoidentifyhazardsandcorrectiveactionstominimize/eliminatehazards.Jumpers-Atemporarymeansofbypassingorshuntinganelectricalcircuit.1702020SafetyHandbook

Lockout/Tagout-Aproceduretoidentifyallpotentialenergysourcesandtoensurethattheyarecompletelyisolated(locksandtagsareattachedtoprimaryenergysources)priortoworkingonsystem.LowerExplosiveLimit[LEL]-(AKALowerFlammableLimit).Thelowestconcentrationofasubstancethatwillproduceafireorflashifanignitionsource(flame,spark,etc.)ispresent.NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafety&Health[NIOSH]-Afederalagencythatdevelopsandperiodi-callyrevisesexposurelimitsforhazardoussubstancesorconditions.NIOSHalsorecommendsappropriatepreven-tivemeasurestoreduceoreliminateadversehealthandsafetyeffectsofthesehazards.OccupationalSafety&HealthAdministration[OSHA]-FederalagencyundertheDepartmentofLaborthatpub-lishesandenforcessafetyandhealthregulationsformostbusinessesandindustriesintheUnitedStates.PermissibleExposureLimit[PEL]-AnexposurelimitthatisspecifiedinOSHAregulations.PELmaybeatime-weighted-average(TWA)exposurelimit(8hour),a15-minuteshort-termexposurelimit(STEL),oraceiling(C).Permit-Writtenpermissiontoproceedwithanactivity.Acustomermayrequireapermit(permission)priortoper-forminghotwork(welding,grinding),enteringaconfinedspace,etc.Alegaldocumentobtainedfromagovernmentagencytoallowfortheinstallationormodernizationofanelevator,etc.PermitRequiredConfinedSpace-Aconfinedspacethatcontainsahazardousatmosphere,mechanicalorelectricalhazards,limitedmeansofentryandegressandisaserioussafetyorhealthhazardthatrequiresairmonitoring,specifictraining,recordkeepingandpermitforentry.2020SafetyHandbook171

PersonalFallArrestSystem-Asystemusedtoarrestanemployeeinafallfromaworkinglevel.Itconsistsofananchorage,connectors,abodyharnessandmayincludealanyard,decelerationdevice,lifeline,orsuitablecombina-tionsofthese.(AsdefinedbyOSHA).PersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)-Protectiveequip-mentforeyes,face,headandextremities.Includingbutnotlimitedtoprotectiveclothing,respiratorydevicesandprotectiveshieldsandbarricades.PolychlorinatedBiphenyls[PCBs]-Acompoundderivedfrombiphenylandcontainingchlorinethatisusedinelectricalinsulators,flame-retardants,andplas-ticizers.PCBisahazardousenvironmentalpollutantthatisdifficulttodisposeofsafely.ProfessionalMedicalTreatmentbeyondfirstaidadministeredbyamedicalprofessional.QualifiedPerson-One,whobypossessionofarecognizeddegree,certificate,orprofessionalstanding,orbyextensiveknowledge,training,and/orexperiencehassuccessfullydemonstratedhis/herabilitytosolveorresolveproblemsrelatedtothework.RecognitionofHazards-Abilitytoidentifyhazardsthathavethepotentialtoinjureemployeesonthejob.RespiratoryProtectiveEquipment-Devicessuchasrespiratorsandmasksusedtoprotectemployeesfrominhalationofspecificdust,chemicalsandsolvents.Right-to-Know-SeeHazardCommunicationProgram.RunningPlatform-Atemporarydeviceinstalledinthehoistwayforelevatorinstallation.SafetyDataSheets[SDS]-Adocumentthatidentifiesthehazards,safehandlingandemergencyproceduresforeachindividualhazardouschemicalusedintheworkplace.1722020SafetyHandbookMedicaltreatment

Scaffolds-Atemporaryworkingplatformsupportedbyaframethatisusedfortheerectionorrepairofanelevator.Shaffer(alsoreferredtoasSpider,Go-Devil,SkyClimberorFalseCar)-Amoveablehoistwayworkingplatform,generallybuiltonthejobsiteforinstallingeleva-torequipment.Shall-Indicatesamandatoryrequirement.ShortTermExposureLimit[STEL]-Themaximumcon-centrationtowhichworkerscanbeexposedforashortperiodoftime(15minutes).Should-Indicatesarecommendationnotamandatoryrequirement.StopSwitch-Amanuallyoperateddevicethatremovespowerfromanelevatororescalatordrivingmachine,motorandbrake.TopofCarInspection[TOCI]-Adeviceontop-of-the-carrequiredbyASMEA17.1Codethatpermitselevatorper-sonneltooperatetheelevatorfromthecartop.UpperExplosiveLimit[UEL]-(AKAUpperFlammableLimit)Thehighestconcentrationofasubstancethatwillburnorexplodewhenanignitionsourceispresent.2020SafetyHandbook173

ro>ro“0oCDl\303OoZIV)0oCoOoD)m3CDoXoro3I<roQ)03Q.0)O'ooo3POUNDSTOKILOGRAMSFROM0TO10.9POUNDS(1pound=0.45359265ofakilogram)Pounds0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9KgsKgsKgsKgsKgsKgs KgsKgsKgsKgs0.18144.635031.088621.542220.40823.861831.315421.7690100.00000.45359.907191.360780.01536.49895.952541.406140.09072.51431.997901.451500.13508.589671.013261.496860.22680.680391.133981.587570.27216.725751.179311.632930.31751.771111.224701.678290.36287.816471.270061.723651232.041172.491762.948353.401942.086532.540122.993713.447302.131892.585483.039073.492662.177242.630843.084433.538022.222602.676203.129793.5833841.814372.267962.721563.175151.859732.313322.766923.220511.905092.358682.812273.265871.950152.404042.857633.311231.995812.449102.902993.3565956n7Bfl(QC83.628744.082334.535933.674104.127694.581293.719464.173054.626643.764824.218414.672003.810184.263774.717363.855544.309134.762723.900904.354494.808083.946264.399854.853443.991624.445214898804.036974.490574.94416<D9l\>ro100)

"nCDC(DroroO’U.S.GALLONSTOLITERSFROM0TO100GALLONS(1gallon=3.7853323liters)Gallons0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9l\)Liters00.000037.853375.7066113.5600151.4133Liters3.785341.638779.4920117.3453155.1986Liters7.570745.424083.2773121.1306158.9840Liters11.356049.209387.0626124.9160162.7693Liters15.141352.994790.8480128.7013166.5546Liters18.926756.780094.6333132.4866170.3400Liters22.712060.565398.4186136.2720174.1253Liters26.497364.3506102.2040140.0573177.9106Liters30.282768.1360105.9893143.8426181.0960Liters34.068071.9213109.7746147.6280185.4813OIV)0O10CO20Q)30CD40I50189.2666227.1199264.9733302.8266340.6799378.533193.0519230.9053268.7586306.6119344.4652196.8373234.6906272.5439310.3972348.2506200.6226238.4759276.3293314.1826352.0359204.4079242.2613280.1146317.9679355.8212208.1933246.0466283.8999321.7532359.6066211.9786249.8319287.6853325.5386363.3919215.7639253.6173291.4706329.3239367.1772219.5493257.4026295.2559333.1092370.9626223.3346261.1879299.0413336.8946374.747903603Q.70O'80O90O100NOTE:Thistablemaybereadfrom100to1000gallonsinstepsof10gallonsbymovingdecimalpointsoneplacetoright.-4cn

n-vlinO)ci\>fl>OIOIV)NOMINALELEVATORCARSPEEDSINFEETPERMINUTETOMETERSPERMINUTEANDMETERSPERSECONDtooOCOD)FeetperMin.MetersperMin.MetersperSec.FeetperMin.MetersperMin.MetersperSec.FeetperMin.MetersperMin.MetersperSec.FeetMetersperMin.MetersperSec.CDperMin.I10532.0.5362.41.043251.6551.5.0320599.0CD103.0.0511033.0.5621064.01.07350107.01.783Q.154.6.0811535.0.5821565.01.09375114.01.91Cr206.0.1012036.0.6122067.01.12400122.02.03O258.0.1312538.0.6422568.01.14425129.02.16O450137.02.29309.013040.0.66230475145.02.41.1570.01.173511.0.1813541.0.6923571.01.19500152.02.544012.0.2014043.0.7124073.01.22525160.02.674514.0.2314544.0.7424574.01.24168.02.795505015.0.2515046.0.7625076.01.27575175.02.92600183.03.055517.0.2815547.0.7925578.01.30625190.03.1860.3016049.0.812601.32650198.018.079.03.306520.0.3316550.0.8426580.01.35675205.0213.0221.0229.0236.0244.0251.0259.0267.0274.03.437021.0.3617052.0.8627082.01.377003.5623.0.3853.0.8927584.07253.68751751.407503.818024.0.4118055.0.9128085.01.423.947758526.0.4318556.0.9428587.01.458004.069027.0.4619058.0.9729088.01.478254.199529.0.4819559.0.9929590.01.508504.3210030.020060.01.0230091.01.528754.45.519004.57CourtesyofASME

Figure22dFRACTIONSOFANINCH(FOREACH64th)TOMILLIMETERSFractionsofInch64thsofInchDecimalsMillimeters1.015625.031250.046875.0625000.3970.7911.1911.5881/32231/164.078125.093750.109375.1250001.9842.3812.7783.17553/32671/8 89.140625.156250.171875.1875003.5723.9694.3664.7635/3210113/161213.203125.218750.234375.2500005.1595.5565.9536.3507/3214151/416.265625.281250.296875.312500176.7477.1447.5417.9389/3218195/1620.328125.343750.359375.375000218.3348.7319.1289.52511/3222233/82425.390625.406250.421875.4375009.92210.31910.71611.11313/3226277/162829.453125.468750.484375.50000011.50911.90612.30312.70015/3230311/2322020SafetyHandbook177

Figure22dFRACTIONSOFANINCH(FOREACH64th)TOMILLIMETERSFractionsofInch64thsofInchDecimalsMillimeters33.515625.531250.546875.56250013.09713.49413.89114.28817/3234359/163637.578125.593750.609375.62500014.68415.08115.47815.87519/3238395/84041.640625.656250.671875.68750016.27216.66917.06617.46321/32424311/164445.703125.718750.734375.75000017.85918.25618.65319.05023/3246473/44849.765625.781250.796875.81250019.44719.84420.24120.63825/32505113/165253.828125.843750.859375.87500021.03421.43121.82822.22527/3254557/85657.890625.906250.921875.93750022.62223.01923.41623.81329/32585915/166061.953125.968750.9813751.00000024.20924.60625.00325.40031/3262631641782020SafetyHandbook

Figure22eFEETTOMETERSFROM0T0249FEE!(1foot=0.3048004006meter)FeetMeters0.00000.30480.60060.914401.219201.524001.828802.1336082.438402.74321103.048013.352813.657613.962414.267214.572014.876815.181615.486415.79121206.096016.400816.705617.010417.315217.620027924828.229628.534428.83922309.144029.448829.75362310.05842410.36322510.66802610.97282711.27762811.58242911.887224012.19202112.49682212.80163313.10643413.41123513.71603614.02083714.32563814.63043914.93523FeetMeters5015.2400315.54483215.84963316.15443416.45923516.76403617.06883717.37363817.67844917.982346018.2880418.59284218.89764319.20244419.50724519.81204620.11684720.42164820.72644921.031247021.3360421.64084221.94564322.25044422.55525522.86005623.16485723.46965823.77445924.079258024.38405124.68885224.99365325.29845425.60325525.90805626.21285726.51765826.82245927.127259027.4320527.73686228.04166328.34646428.65126528.95606629.26086729.56566829.87046930.17526FeetMeters10030.48006130.78436231.08966331.39446431.69926532.00406632.30886432.61367832.91847933.2232711033.52807133.83287234.13767334.44247434.74727535.05207635.35687735.66167835.96647936.2712712036.57607136.88087237.18567337.49047437.79528538.10008638.40488738.70968839.01448939.3192813039.62408139.92888240.23368340.53848440.84328541.14808641.45288741.75768842.06248942.3672814042.67209142.97689243.28169343.58649443.89129544.19609644.50089744.80569845.11049945.41529FeetMetersFeet15045.72009200146.02489246.32969346.63449446.93929547.24409647.54890747.85370848.15850948.4633016048.76810210149.07290249.37770349.68250449.98730550.29210650.59690750.90170851.20650951.5113017051.81610220152.12090252.42570352.73051453.03531553.34011653.64491753.94971854.25451954.5593118054.86411230155.16891255.47371355.77851456.08331556.38811656.69291756.99771857.30251957.6073219057.91212240158.21692258.52172358.82652459.13132559.43612659.74092760.04572860.35052960.65532Meters60.96012161.26492261.56972361.87452462.17932562.48412662.78893763.09373863.39853963.7033364.00813164.31293264.61773364.92253465.22733565.53213665.83693766.14173866.44653966.7513367.05613167.36093267.66574367.97054468.27534568.58014668.88494769.18974869.49454969.7993470.10414170.40894270.71374371.01854471.32334571.62814671.93294772.23774872.54255972.8473573.15215173.45695273.76175374.06655474.37135574.67615674.98095775.28575875.59055975.8953501 12345679112345678911234567891211inch2inches=0.05080meter5inches=0.20320meter8inches=0.12700meter11inches=0.27960meter3inches=0.07620meter6inches=0.15240meter9inches=0.22860meter12inches=0.30480meter=0.02540meter4inches=0.10460meter7inches=0.17780meter10inches=0.25400meter2020SafetyHandbook179

22.2ElectricalFigure22fCOLORCODEFORFIXEDRESISTORS-VALUESINOHMSNumberofZerosToleranceSignificantFiguresSignificantFiguresResistorwithaxialwireleads.Resistorwithradialwireleads.BODYDOTORBANDENDEND1stBand2ndBand3rdBandEndBandColorValueColorValueColor ColorToleranceValueGold.SilverNoneBlack.BrownRed..Orange....3YellowGreenBlue..Violet.Grey.White.BlackBrownRed.Orange....3YellowGreenBlue.VioletGrey.WhiteBlack.Brown.Red..OrangeYellow.Green.Blue..None0 0±5%10±10%±20%1220000044. .0000.00000000000Violet....0000000Grey....00000000White.000000000556677889 91802020SafetyHandbook

Figure22gCOLORCODEFORJANFIXEDMICACAPACITORSDirectionalIndicatorBlackDotIdentifiesMICACapacitorCAPACITANCESignifi-cantFigureChar-acter-DecimalMultipierColorToleranceisticBlackBrown20%(M)A0110B12ndSignificantFiguresofCapacitanceinnmRed2%(G)C2100OrangeYellowGreenBlueVioletGreyWhiteGoldSilverD31,000CharacteristicsE4F5CapacitanceToleranceNumberofZerosinCapacitanceValueG6789ColorcodeschemeforJANstandardfixedmicacapacitors.Thesignificanceofthelettersdenot-ing“characteristic”willbefoundinthejointArmy-NavySpecificationJAN-G-5.5%(J)10%(K)0.10.012020SafetyHandbook181

rv)ooIV)N)CON)ODO3o1C7GOoCDCDOJ1TIMBERUSEDFORHEADBEAMS(THELOADSGIVENAREFORDRESSEDBEAMS,WHICHARESLIGHTLYSMALLERTHANNOMINALSIZESLISTED)Loadsareinlbsconcentratedatcenterofspan.Reducedlistedloadstoallowforbeamweights.0£0)CD33Q.(AO'0>oo3VERTICALHORIZONTALQ."0BEAMSPAN(FEET)SIZE(INCHES)0)346810121416182024*<A4x4990660500390 3302804x6Hor4x6Vert1,5301,0007506005004303703302,2803,4604,7106,4008,54012,82014,92017,07013,33016,00018,6601,5201,1409107606505705104553802,3103,1404,2905,87012,82014,92017,07011,90016,00018,6608606x61,7301,3801,1509907706905706x8Hor6x8Vert2,3603,2204,40010,33014,26017,0708,93013,08018,0201,8801,5701,3401,1701,040 9407801,2902,5803,5208,27011,40015,0207,14010,47014,4202,1502,9306,8909,50012,5105,9508,72012,0201,8401,6101,4301,0701,4603,4404,7506,2602,9704,3606,0108x82,5105,9108,15010,7005,1007,48010,3002,2005,1707,1209,3904,4706,5409,0201,9501,7508x12Vert.8x14Vert.8x16Vert.10x1010x12Vert10x14Vert4,5904,1305,7007,5003,5705,2307,2106,8308,3403,9705,8208,010Tl(DCCDroro‘GeneralNote:1in.=25.4mm;1ft=0.305m;1lb=0.454kg

-nCDcororoALLOWABLECONCENTRATEDLOADSONAMERICANSTANDARDBEAMSLOADINCENTEROFSPANWITHBEAMFIXEDAGAINSTHORIZONTALMOVEMENTLOADINKIPS(1,000LBS.)NOMINALDEPTH&WIDTH-WEIGHTPERFEETSPAN(FEET)4x2-3/43x2-3/810x4-3/48x47x3-3/46x3-3/85x33525.42318.42015.317.2512.1514.75109.57.77.5 5.73653526161310764326232014123244817108553214642 253921191611984l\)632271816131198653 321oIV)28231513119864321175oCO2824201312108765420)CD92118121086432 275101916109864435I03111715973Q.1216O'oo‘GeneralNote:1in.=25.4mm;1ft=0.305m;1lb=0.454kg00CO

ALLOWABLELOADSFORWOODPLANKSoo(Pounds)^Totalallowableuniformlydistributedloadsfortimberplankssupportedatends.Theallowableconcentratedloadshallber\oone-halfthedistributedload.OBasedonunitstressof1,000psiGoPLANKSCDSTNorn.Size(Inches)JActualSize5(Inches)6Area\r\.z6x28x21 0x21 2x21 4x28x31 0x31 2x35-5/8x7-1/2x9-1/2x11-1/2x13-1/2x7-1/2x1-5/81-5/81-5/81-5/81-5/82-5/89-1/2x11-1/2x2-5/82-5/812.2015.4518.7021.9530.29.1519.7025.0oSpano(Feet)4410550700850990144018202200146053304405606807901150177062803704705606609601220 14702403204004805708201040 126078210280350420500720910110091802503103804406408109801022028034040058073088020025031036052066080011121802302803304806107401322026031044056068020024028041052063014151802302703804905904601621025036055017200240340430520na18190220320400490(QC19210300380460o20200290370440roN>‘GeneralNote:1in.=25.4mm;1ft=0.305m;1psi-6.89kPa;1in.2=6.451E-04m2

ALLOWABLELOADSFORBEAMS-n(Pounds)Allowableuniformlydistributedloadsfortimberbeamssupportedatends.Theallowableconcentratedloadshallbeone-chalf(1/2)thedistributedload.oBasedonunitstressof1,000psiroro7TBEAMSNorn.Size2x4(Inches)ActualSize1-5/8x1-5/8x1-5/8x1-5/8x1-5/8x1-5/8x3-5/8x3-5/8x5-1/2x(Inches)3-5/85-5/87-1/29-1/211-1/213-1/23-5/85-5/85-1/22x62x82x1 02x1 22x1 44x4 4x66x6AreaIn.25.909.1512.2015.4518.7021.9513.1520.430.2Span(Feet)460014302540407059708230133031904600114054802030326047806580106025503690640095017002720398054908902120308034082014502320341047007601820263078300710127020402990411066015902300630265036609113018105901420205010570101016302390329053012701840l\)O115209201480217030004801160 1670IV)1247084013601990274044010601530O137801250 184025309801410CO037201160 17102350910131014CD219015670109015908501220166301020149020608001150I17960140019307501080031890013201820710102031986012601730670970Q.O'2081012001640640930oo‘AllowableLoadforShearat100Ibs/in2’GeneralNote:1in.=25.4mm;1ft=0.305m;1psi=6.89kPa;1in.2=6.451E-04m28001230164020802520295017702740405000U1

INDEXAAcetyleneCylindersAlcohol/DrugUse(VehicleSafety)AllowableConcentratedLoadsonAmericanStandardBeams(Chart)AllowableLoadsforBeams(Chart)AllowableLoadsforWoodPlanks(Chart)..AllowableNumberofBrokenStrandsforWireRopesUsedinHoistingEquipmentAnchor,SafetyHarness(Illustration)Asbestos(HAZCOM)1371651821841839530145BBabbitting(HAZCOM)Barricade(Illustration)Batteries,SulfuricAcidType(HAZCOM)BeamClamps-VerticalPullOnly(Illustration)BeamClampsBeams,AllowableConcentratedLoadsonAmericanStandard(Chart)Beams,AllowableLoadsfor(Chart)Beams,SuspendingNeedleorScaffolds(Illustration).. .101Beams,TimberUsedforBlockingandRampingofMaterialBodyHarness,Full(Illustration).143391479212418318518289311862020SafetyHandbook

cCapacitors,ColorCodeforJanFixedMICA(Illustration).181CarbonDust(HAZCOM)Cars,TemporaryCar-TopSafetyChainHoistsChainSlingCapacitiesLbs(Illustration)ChainSlings,InspectionofChemicals,WorkingWithChisels,UseOnlyProperlyDressed(Illustration).Chokers,Useof(Illustration)Clamps,BeamCleaners(HAZCOM)Clothing,ProperColorCodeforFixedResistors-ValuesinOHMS(Illustration)CommunicationDevices(VehicleSafety)CompetentPersonCrosbyLiftingGuideCutting,Weldingand147805797110,111106139711011241422318016616098135DDoubleSaddleClips. .. .DrivingandVehicleSafetyDrug/SubstanceAbuse. .Dumbwaiters96165165155EElectric,PortableToolsElectricalSafety-GeneralPrecautionsElevatorCarSpeedsinFt/MintoM/MandM/S(Chart)...17672412020SafetyHandbook187

ElevatorMaintenanceBarricades..EmployeeResponsibilitiesEndlessSlingAssembly(Illustration)Escalator/MovingWalkBarricades.EscalatorsandMovingWalksEscalatorsandMovingWalks,LockoutProceduresfor. . . .55ExtensionCords,ApprovedMarkingsforEyeandFaceProtectionEyeBolts(Illustration)40998391527324,159101FFallArrestEquipment,PersonalFallProtectionFall-ArrestSystem,PersonalFalls,Five-Six-&Seven-Part(Illustration). . . .FalseCar(Illustration)FalseCarwithOptionalDebrisNet(Illustration)FalseCarsandOtherDevicesUsedintheHoistway.. .80Fastenings,WireRopeFilterLensShadeNumberforProtectionAgainstRadiantEnergy(Chart).. . .Fire,PrecautionsAgainst(WeldingandCutting). .Five-PartFalls(Illustration)FixedResistors,ColorCodefor(ValuesinOHMS)(Illustration)FlammableLiquidsandSolvents(HAZCOM)... .FootandLegProtectionFootProtection,OccupationalFuelGasCylindersFull-BodyHarness(Illustration)2730301278182962513512718014615926137311882020SafetyHandbook

GGallonstoLiters(Chart)GlossaryofTermsGrease,Oilsand(HAZCOM).GuardrailSystems(Illustration)GuardrailSystems17516814136,3734HHandProtectionHandSignals,Hoisting(Illustration)HandToolsHardware,Rigging(Illustration). ...Harness,Full-Body(Illustration)...HazardCommunications(HAZCOM)AsbestosBabbittingCarbonDustChemicals,WorkingwithCleanersFlammableLiquidsandSolventsOilsandGreasePaintingSulfuricAcidTypeBatteries. ...WeldingHeadProtection28,16099,100711115,116,1173113914514314713914214614114414714526,158Headbeams,TimberUsedfor(Chart)HearingProtection18127,158HelpfulHintsforOnandOfftheJob(Illustration). .88,89Hitches,SlingsandHoistingandRiggingHoistingStructuralSteel(Illustration)Hoisting,HandSignals(Illustration).979010299,1002020SafetyHandbook189

Hoists,ChainHoistwayScreeningHoistway,FalseCarsandOtherDevicesUsedintheHoistwayHoistwaysandMachineRoomsHookSlings(Illustration)97688057102IInclinedElevatorsInspectingforHazardsInspectingManilaRope(Illustration).Inspection,SafetyChecklistInspections,NeedforRoutineSafety151171281717JJobHazardAssessment,ServiceandRepair(Chart)JobHazardAssessment,ServiceandRepairJobJumpers,DoorBypassProcedureJumpers,MaintenanceandTroubleshooting. . .Jumpers,ModernizationandNewConstructionJumpers,ProperUseof162,16315749474846KKnotsAreWeakKnots:(Illustrations)BowlineontheBightBowlineCarrickBendCatspaw1291321341341311902020SafetyHandbook

CloveHitch(Builder’sHitch).FigureEightFollowThrough.FigureEightKnotFigureEightonaBightReefKnotorSquareKnotRollingHitchRoundTurnandTwoHalfHitchesRunningBowlineSheepshankTimberHitch132133131133131134133132134131LLadder,ProperPlacementof(Illustration)Ladders,PortableLensShadeNumbers,Filter(Chart)Lifeline,TypicalTopAnchorageof(Illustration).. .LiftingLoadsLifting,Positionsfor(Illustration)Lights,PortableElectricLiquidsandSolvents,FlammableLoads,LiftingLockout/Tagout(Illustration)Lockout/TagoutProceduresforEscalatorsandMovingWalksLockout/TagoutProceduresLockout/Tagout,Supervisory/EmergencyRemoval787625308687721468651555054MMachineRooms,HoistwaysandMaintenance,Vehicle571662020SafetyHandbook191

ManilaRopeKnots,ApproximateEfficiency(Illustration)ManilaRopeManilaRope,Inspecting(Illustration)MaterialHandlingMaterialsHandling-RampingandBlockingof. .Mechanic/Mechanic-In-ChargeResponsibilitiesofMovingWalks,Escalatorsand130128125869014152OOccupationalFootProtectionOccupationalHeadProtectionOilsandGrease(HAZCOM).OverheadProtectionOxygenCylinders262614169137PPainting(HAZCOM)PersonalFallArrestEquipmentPersonalFallArrestSystemPersonalProtectiveEquipmentPitSafetyPlanks,AllowableLoadsforWood(Chart)Platforms,Running(Moving)Platforms,WorkingPortableElectricToolsandLightsPortableLaddersPoundstoKilograms(Chart)PPETrainingPre-startupSafetySurvey14427159236218479797275174161191922020SafetyHandbook

RRampingandBlockingofMaterialResistors,FixedColorCodefor-ValuesinOHMS(Chart)RespiratoryProtectionRiggingHardware(Illustration)RiggingPlan,TheBasicRiggingPractices,RightandWrong(Illustration)..101,102Rigging,HoistingandRopeKnots,ApproximatelyEfficiencyRope,InspectingManila(Illustration)Rope,ManilaRunningPlatforms90180. ...28,159115,116,1171049013012512879SSafetyBelts(VehicleSafety)SafetyInspectionChecklistSafetyInspections,NeedforRoutineSafetyResponsibilitiesoftheMechanic/Mechanic-In-ChargeSafety,DrivingandVehicleSafety,Electrical-GeneralPrecautionsScaffoldsScreening,HoistwayServiceandRepairJobHazardAssessment(Chart)ServiceandRepairJobHazardAssessmentSeven-PartFalls(Illustration)Signals,HandHoisting(Illustration)Six-PartFalls(Illustration)SlingAngles(Illustration)165171714165417568162,163157126,12799,100126,1271142020SafetyHandbook193

SlingCapacities,ChainLbs(Illustration)SlingCapacities,Web(Illustration)SlingCapacities,WireRopeLbs.(Illustration)SlingCapacities,WireRopeTons(Illustration)SlingLoading,CenterofGravity(Illustration).SlingOperatingPracticesSlingsandConnectionstoFittings,WireRopeSlingsandHitchesSlings,EndlessAssembly(Illustration)Slings,InspectionofChainSlings,InspectionofSyntheticSlings,InspectionofWireRopeSlings,SyntheticWebbingSolderingSolvents,FlammableLiquidsandStructuralSteel,Hoisting(Illustration)SubstanceAbuseSulfuricAcidTypeBatteries(HAZCOM)SuspendingNeedleBeamsorScaffolds(Illustration)..101SyntheticRopeSyntheticSlings,InspectionofSyntheticWebbingSlings. ..110,1111121071081131181099798106106105120138146102167147128106120TTagoutProcedure,Lockout/TemporaryCarsTimberUsedforHeadbeams(Chart)Tools,HandTools,PortableElectric508018271721942020SafetyHandbook

VVehicleMaintenanceVehicleSafety,DrivingandVerticalPullOnly-BeamClamps(Illustration)16616593WWebSlingCapacities(Illustration)Welding(HAZCOM)Welding,CuttingandSolderingWireRopeDeteriorationWireRopeSlingCapacitiesLbs.(Illustration). . .WireRopeSlingCapacitiesTons(Illustration). . .WireRopeSlingsandConnectionstoFittings. . .WireRopeSlings,InspectionofWireRopes,AllowableNumberofBrokenStrandsforUseinHoistingEquipmentWireRopeFailure,CausesofWireRopeFasteningsWorkingPlatformsWorkplaceHazards,Assessing11214513595107108109105959596791602020SafetyHandbook195

elevat^rbooks.comELEVATORWORLD'SONLINEBOOKSTOREAnaverageof730liveseachyeararelostinconstruction.Visitelevatoriobsitesafetv.comforinformationonthemostrecentacceptedguidelines,safetyproducts,linkandsuppliers.ElevatorWorldoffersmanySafetyProducts.Visitelevatorbooks.comformoreproductsandinformation.2020FieldEmployees'SafetyHandbookServiceSafetyintheElevatorIndustryDVDSafetyMeetings,8thEditionAManager’sSafetyNotebookASupervisorsGuidebasedonthetorIndustrybifidBmployto'Sm/rtyHandbook*ta**»*»».ot*bookBll»*ServiceandRepairPPEHazardAssessmentSERVICEANDREPAIRPPEHAZARDVSSESSMIVI