HCBA DesGuide 2018 Page 1 : simplebooklet.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction INTRODUCTION 1 What is a Historic Chicago Bungalow 2 Decorative Features 3 Front Porch Entryway Doors 4 Windows 6 Additions Expansions Garages 8 Masonry 10 Roofs Gutters Chimneys 12 Green Tips Mechanical Systems Foundation Protection Green Tips Landscaping 13 14 15 Chicago s bungalows which account for nearly one third of Chicago s single family homes remain a solid foundation for family life and for the neighborhoods they constitute At the same time having been in service for over 100 years changing lifestyles pose new and challenging living requirements Bungalows may need to be updated or enlarged while others may be in need of repairs to preserve their unique architectural character When making decisions about restoring and rehabbing bungalows it is important to respect the architectural integrity of the existing buildings It is the original architectural detailing and rhythmic streetscape that set bungalows apart from other homes and collectively make up the unique character of Chicago bungalow neighborhoods Preserving or restoring original features including wood trim masonry decorative stone planters or stained glass windows 16 maintains the integrity of the bungalow and the neighborhood Scale 18 and will help sustain the property values Regular maintenance and Line 20 Balance Repetition 21 The purpose of Design Guidelines for Historic Chicago Bungalows is Contrast 22 to provide owners with a general reference for the Dos and Don ts Color Seasonality 23 Sustainable Landscaping 24 repair is the key to the preservation of these historic homes of bungalow preservation and maintenance These guidelines will aid in the planning of bungalow restoration rehab and landscape design projects but are by no means exhaustive The Chicago Architecture Foundation Chicago Department of Planning and dev The Chicago Bungalow Association KEY TERMS GLOSSARY All bolded terms within this text are defined in the glossary 25 elopment Landmarks Division Chicago Park District and the Chic 26 ago Public Library are other resources that can provide a of information about the history of Chicago bungalows bungalow neighborhoods and references to original designs and details These Design Guidelines were funded by a grant from the Richard H Driehaus Charitable Foundation HCBA DesGuide A4 07 16 2012wrking indd 4 5 wealth 1 7 16 12 7 27 AM

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WHAT IS A HISTORIC CHICAGO BUNGALOW DECORATIVE FEATURES Associated with the philosophy of the Arts and Crafts Movement in the The decorative elements that adorn United States bungalow has become a generic term to describe a most bungalows such as stone house or cottage In Chicago however the Historic Chicago Bungalow planters brackets and accents refers to a single family home with the following features as well as exterior wood moldings and trim add great architectural Built between 1910 1940 One and one half stories Face brick with stone trim interest and make the design of each home distinct These details should be preserved and protected to last the life of the bungalow Low pitched roof with overhang Rectangular shape narrow at the front and rear ends longer on the sides Generous windows Full basement Offset front entrance or side entrance DO Restore or replace the stone planter boxes when brackets exist on the front fa ade and entrance wing walls Restore or replace cast accents at the historic locations such as underneath front fa ade windows and on top of porch wing walls Restore or repair ornamental exterior wood moldings like decorative brackets and or window trim to match the original Any house that meets all of these requirements may be considered a Historic Chicago Bungalow DON T Remove existing stone planter supports on building front Use plastic or wood planters 2 HCBA DesGuide A4 07 16 2012wrking indd 6 7 Paint limestone accents or limestone window sills 3 7 16 12 7 27 AM

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FRONT PORCH ENTRYWAY DOORS A front entryway may consist of a simple ground level entrance with an overhanging roof or a porch raised several steps from the ground Particular entry configurations often define the style of the homes on an entire block FRONT PORCH ENTRYWAY DOORS DON T Enclose front porches with windows screens siding or brick Remove front porch brick wing walls and replace with wrought iron railings Carpet or paint porch stairs and porch Paint address numbers on steps Remove original stone planters DO Restore existing wood doors and hardware or replace with similar size shape and style Replace the original door with one that has a different shape Replace the original door with one that has a different shaped portal window Add thin profile wood or metal storm door similar in size shape and color of existing door Restore or replace porch light fixtures with new or vintage fixtures that match the original Repair and restore concrete porch steps to their natural buff stone color Repair or rebuild front porch wing walls with brick and mortar that matches the face brick mortar joint profile and color 4 HCBA DesGuide A4 07 16 2012wrking indd 8 9 5 7 16 12 7 27 AM

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WINDOWS Windows are a key architectural detail of a Chicago Bungalow and help to define its visual character Repair or restoration is a viable option when historic windows may not operate as smoothly as they did when they were new If windows cannot be repaired replacements should match the historic window as closely as possible WINDOWS DON T Remove art glass windows Replace existing double hung or casement windows with single fixed glass picture or slider windows Install glass block in fill windows on the street facing elevations DO Retain and repair original window frames whenever possible Re caulk window frames and repair replace window hardware Replace damaged windows and frames with similar size and shape Maintain historic muntin grille pattern Enlarge or reduce window openings to fit a stock window frame or change the shape of the window frames Replace existing attic windows with a slider window on the street facing elevations Install window air conditioning or metal canopies on the street facing elevations Restore or recreate art glass windows Add thin profile wood or metal storm windows and screens similar in size shape and color to existing windows Install security grilles inside behind the window or security glass for basement level windows 6 For more information on the repair and restoration of original windows please visit CBA s Window Campaign resources on our website at www chicagobungalow org windows HCBA DesGuide A4 07 16 2012wrking indd 10 11 7 7 16 12 7 27 AM

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ADDITIONS EXPANSIONS GARAGES ADDITIONS EXPANSIONS GARAGES Before constructing or altering additions carefully consider how the existing space may be reworked by modifying the interior walls or expanding into the existing attic or basement space If an addition is the best solution it should respect the original design of the existing building and streetscape DO DON T Build attic expansions that are uncharacteristic of the period and style of the building and surrounding neighborhood Construct dormers and second floor additions that overwhelm the original building in scale and height Build additions that are compatible to the original building in material style and proportions Construct dormers and second floor additions to be set back a minimum of 20 feet from the front edge of building to minimize the impact on the building and streetscape Build dormers and second floor additions with a similar roof pitch and height as the original structure Match window openings trim eaves and other details as closely as possible to the original building Erect garages and rear additions that match the existing house in materials scale colors and details 8 HCBA DesGuide A4 07 16 2012wrking indd 12 13 9 7 16 12 7 27 AM

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MASONRY A wide variety of face bricks with distinctive colors and textures were used in the construction of Chicago s bungalows to provide architectural interest to groupings of homes along the street Since most of a bungalow fa ade is face brick it is one of the most important elements of the house to maintain DO Repoint masonry with mortar that matches the original in color joint profile and strength Grind out old mortar when repointing to ensure an adequate bond Clean masonry with low velocity water or steam cleaning Repair and replace damaged masonry with matching materials Remove existing building materials that do not match the original materials and characteristics Repair or rebuild front porch wing walls with brick and mortar that matches face brick and joint profile in size shape and color MASONRY DON T Repoint masonry with Portland cement concrete or masonry cement as these materials are not compatible with the original masonry and can cause damage to the masonry over time Use a mortar that is stonger than mortar type N 1 1 6 Over repoint the mortar beyond the face of the brick Paint masonry Use masonry sealer as this can seal in moisture and cause damage to the masonry over time Sandblast high power water wash or use muriatic acid to clean masonry or remove paint as this can expose the vulnerable interior of the brick to weather elements and cause rapid masonry degradation Grow vines onto building walls this can cause masonry deterioration Place imitation materials such as Dry vit vinyl or aluminum siding stucco pseudo stone or metal panels over masonry 10 HCBA DesGuide A4 07 16 2012wrking indd 14 15 11 7 16 12 7 27 AM

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ROOFS GUTTERS CHIMNEYS Routine maintenance on the roof and regular cleaning of gutters and downpipes can prevent more expensive work in the future ROOFS GUTTERS CHIMNEYS DON T Regular inspection is invaluable for the preservation and mainte Use roll roofing nance of the bungalow Use caulks sealants or tar as a DO Maintain and repair original clay tile roof when possible or replace with clay tile matching the historic color and pattern Add insulation and vapor barriers in the attic and add vents to prevent moisture build up Replace or repair metal or copper gutters flashing material Position satellite dishes TV antennas or fencing within 30 feet of the front of the bungalow Remove entire clay tile roofing if a few tiles are broken re placements can be installed without dismantling the entire system GREEN TIPS Air seal drafts in the attic and add insulation to increase the comfort and energy efficiency of the bungalow and downspouts where leaks are discovered Make sure downspouts direct water away from the foundation Repair and repoint the chimney as needed If rebuilding is required use similar brick and reconstruct it to match the historic design Keep the chimney flashing and cap in good condition to prevent water leakage Use metal flashing 12 HCBA DesGuide A4 07 16 2012wrking indd 16 17 Install a rain barrel to downspouts to capture and store rainwater for use in watering the yard and garden plants 13 7 16 12 7 27 AM

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MECHANICAL SYSTEMS FOUNDATION PROTECTION Mechanicals are defined as plumbing heating air conditioning and electrical systems These systems regulate the comfort level of the home and should be updated to meet current code regulations MECHANICAL SYSTEMS FOUNDATION PROTECTION DON T Add new electrical appliances and fixtures without increasing power capacity enlarging wires and replacing the existing fuse DO Service furnace boiler yearly Replace or repair any damaged box Remove hot water steam heat systems without consulting a professional first they may only need a tune up instead of total replacement or clogged drain pipes Replace interior water supply piping to kitchen and bathrooms Install central or high velocity air conditioning within existing walls and ceilings Replace existing fuse box with circuit breakers Replace electrical wires to meet the current city code Add floor drains in the basement floor Add drain tile around the house as needed to prevent water infiltration to the basement 14 HCBA DesGuide A4 07 16 2012wrking indd 18 19 GREEN TIPS Repair replace or tune up heating and cooling systems to maintain their function safety and energy efficiency Keep radiators as they are an efficient and comfortable heating system Maintain and repair drafts leaks in radiators radiator pipes or furnace ductwork as this will help your system function better and make it more energy efficient Install a high efficiency water heater Install a water meter to help conserve water and lower future water bills 15 7 16 12 7 27 AM

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LANDSCAPING LANDSCAPING The look of a bungalow goes beyond its physical edges Bungalows occupy a site and the treatment of that site through plantings and other decorative features is an important aspect of how bungalows are experienced Creating the right landscape can greatly enhance a bungalow s architecture It can also extend the home by making attractive outdoor spaces in which to play party or just putter When Chicago bungalows were being constructed foundation plantings plants placed close to the house masking the seam between wall and ground were the landscaping style of choice Evergreen shrubs were usually used Foundation plantings were often used to good effect Shrubbery was generally low growing framing a home s architectural detail It added attractive greenery and the plants were usually easy to maintain However this approach also lacked diversity The result was often spare to the point of monotony and today many bungalows are completely hidden by outdated overgrown shrubs Bungalow properties present a set of conditions and problems that vary little from one site to the next While these conditions do not afford a great deal of space for landscaping they do present opportunities for a variety of horticultural approaches This guide takes a look at some of these approaches It presents not designs but offers guidelines principles to guide landscaping decisions in a way that preserves the integrity of the architecture and respects the context of the bungalow streetscape but that still allows the garden to be a personal form of expression In any landscaping effort good design can be achieved by following a few basic principles scale line balance repetition contrast color and seasonality In addition to these principles there are various ways to incorporate sustainability into a landscape 16 HCBA DesGuide A4 07 16 2012wrking indd 20 21 17 7 16 12 7 27 AM

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LANDSCAPING LANDSCAPING Scale The key to landscaping a bungalow is scale Most bungalows occupy a sizable part of their lots leaving a disproportionately small amount of land This feature imposes clear limits on height and spread which affect plan selection location and layout In bungalow neighborhoods scale goes beyond the boundaries of the individual lot Consider the effect your front landscaping will have on the streetscape as a whole DO Scale DON T Use plantings that hide the approach to your door Use large plantings that conceal architectural features of the bungalow Plant more than one large shade tree in the back yard Select properly sized plants and shrubs that will accent architectural features of your bungalow Trim or remove overgrown or overcrowded shrubs and trees Consider smaller trees pergolas or arbors as an alternative to large shade trees for the backyard Utilize original concrete window boxes and planters or replicas that are compatible with the style and period of the house 18 HCBA DesGuide A4 07 16 2012wrking indd 22 23 19 7 16 12 7 27 AM

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LANDSCAPING LANDSCAPING Line Lines in a landscape are created by hardscape or plantings They can be straight or curved horizontal or vertical and each gives a different feel Straight lines convey a feeling of formality while curved lines feel more natural Strong vertical lines suggest power and dominance and may overwhelm a small bungalow garden DO Use natural or curving lines when creating planting beds Limit hardscape in the front yard to necessary walkways Keep backyard fencing in scale with the yard and house DON T Balance Repetition Balance refers to the distribution of plants in a landscape For example two or three smaller shrubs on one side of a door can balance one medium sized shrub on the other side The design of a landscape becomes stronger and more unified when a plant is repeated periodically In a bungalow landscape this becomes even more important as too many plants in a small space can quickly look jumbled Repetition creates a sense of order and rhythm DO Create a natural balance with groupings of large and small plantings Create multiple groupings of a few kinds of plants to create a stronger more unified effect Use only strong straight lines when planning your beds and walkways Use decorative planting borders such as plastic fencing which is not in character with Arts and Crafts design Remove front lawn and fill the area with concrete or other pavement Use chain link fencing or other uncharacteristic fencing in front yard 20 HCBA DesGuide A4 07 16 2012wrking indd 24 25 DON T Make plantings too symmetrical or formal Use too many different kinds of plants or plant too many varieties in one area 21 7 16 12 7 27 AM

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LANDSCAPING LANDSCAPING Contrast When different forms or colors are placed together the element of contrast is created which creates a much more interesting look An upright evergreen such as a juniper for example rising out of a series of low rounded shrubs like spireas creates a pleasing contrast in the landscape DO Use tall and short plantings for special accent Place contrasting colored plantings next to each other Consider the bungalow s brick color when choosing flowering plants Choose plants and trees with different shapes sizes and textures DON T Use plantings that are all one height or similarly shaped Use plantings that are all similarly colored or plants with flowers that will be lost against the color of the bungalow s brick Color Seasonality Color in the landscape is usually associated with flowers but it also comes from foliage berries and even bark In small yards repeating a few colors rather than introducing many tends to be more effective Color has a powerful emotional impact Reds yellows and oranges warm colors tend to be stimulating Blues greens and violets cool colors can help small spaces seem larger and calmer Although many homes are planted with only one or two seasons in mind well chosen plantings can make your landscape as interesting in winter as it is in spring or summer Evergreens bark and berries offer winter interest as do many perennials which once spent present attractive silhouettes DO Use plant colors to set the mood for your garden cool colors for a calming environment and warm colors for a stimulating one Utilize plants shrubs and trees with interesting and colorful foliage berries or bark Choose a mixture of plants that will be attractive and colorful DON T Use too many colors in a small area Limit your garden to only one type of plant 22 HCBA DesGuide A4 07 16 2012wrking indd 26 27 23 7 16 12 7 27 AM

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SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPING THE CHICAGO BUNGALOW ASSOCIATION There are a number of ways to help make your yard and garden more sustainable The Chicago Bungalow Association CBA was created in DO that have been the Use permeable paving materials such as natural stone gravel and repurposed bricks where possible as these help to reduce stormwater run off and replenish groundwater Use plants that are native to the region as they are well adapted to our soils and climate and often require less care and watering to thrive Incorporate edible plants into a landscape For example grapevines can screen outdoor seating areas becoming part of the cooling system while also providing food Septem ber 2000 to ensure that the 80 000 one and one half story homes for over foundation of family lives 100 years would While the bungalows and neighborhoods continue to do so for the next century with their sturdy brick construction and sin gular craftsmanship have endured the test of time many homeowners are looking to modernize repair and adapt their bungalows to fit their needs and lifestyles Since it was established the Association has offered buyers and owners unparalleled opportunities to rehab and restore these signature Chicago homes For more information visit www chicagobungalow org Install a rain barrel these are connected to gutter downspouts to collect and store rain water for use in watering plants Install solar powered landscape lighting DON T Pave large sections of your front or back yard with concrete or asphalt as it prevents rain water from infiltrating the ground and can cause run off into drains and sewers 24 HCBA DesGuide A4 07 16 2012wrking indd 28 29 25 7 16 12 7 27 AM

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KEY TERMS GLOSSARY KEY TERMS GLOSSARY Casement window A window sash that opens on hinges at the sides Portland Cement A fast hardening cement most commonly used in the Cast Accents Decorative cast concrete pieces such as window planter boxes and wing wall urns production of concrete The high compression strength of this cement is not compatible with original bungalow masonry and can cause damage to the masonry over time Chimney Cap Preservation Preservation is the process of maintaining the existing form Common Brick Brick for building purposes not especially treated for texture or color Used for secondary elevations of a bungalow Double hung window A hung window comprised of a bottom and top sash A white crystalline powder or stain sometimes found on the surface of masonry resulting from leaching salts Face Brick Brick made especially for facing purposes often treated to produce a surface texture or color Typically found on the fa ade or any street facing elevation of a bungalow Flashing Thin sheets of metal or another weatherproof material that is in stalled around an angle or joint for example the exterior base of a chimney Glass Block window A window made up of separate glass block units often used for basement and bathroom windows Joint vine and concave Mortar Joint The mortar in between two bricks or stone Mortar Type S N O K the letters identifying the types are from the words MaSoN wOrK using every other letter Type N mortar is generally the best suited for a Chicago Bungalow Muntin Bar A short bar that visually divides a window into separate panes It is also known as a grille or grid 26 HCBA DesGuide A4 07 16 2012wrking indd 30 31 integrity and materials of a building structure or site It may include building stabilization work as well as ongoing maintenance of the historic materials Preventative Maintenance The proactive process of conducting regular inspections and maintenance on a building to help prevent deterioration Rehabilitation Rehabilitation is the process of creating a contemporary use original or new for a building through repairs or alterations that pre architectural and cultural values Repoint to place wet mortar into cut or raked joints to repair weathered joints in old masonry Restoration Restoration is the process of accurately recovering the form and details of a property and its setting as they appeared at a particular period of time either by removing later work or by replacing missing original details Sash The part of the window that holds the glass and is separate from the frame Slider window A window comprised of two sash side by side that slide from left to right horizontally Transom A window above a door or window Tooling Compressing and shaping the face a mortar joint with a special tool other than a trowel Wing Walls The brick side walls that frame each end of a bungalow s front porch steps 27 7 16 12 7 27 AM

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