BMF Decarbonisation Pathway - Survey Approach v1 : simplebooklet.com

14% 75%2. Fuel Switching11%3. Clean GrowthHubs1. Energy andResource Efficiency© CR Plus Ltd, 2025SummaryDecarbonisation PathwaysBMF (Bradford Manufacturing Futures)will serve as a focal point for the region’s1,200 manufacturing businessessupporting their adaptation to meet bothnational and global decarbonisation goalswhilst maintaining competitiveness.Support will not only protect but alsogrow the economy:Vision Approach & Findings31 on-site Net Zero techno-economicSurveys conducted using the Cogs andRoots framework, addressing 45% of320 ktCO e Total Cluster emissions.This, in turn, created 5 CGH (CleanGrowth Hub) project concepts, tacklingall major emitters as well as local sites.The challenge lies in the significantnumber of modest-sized carbonemitters. Bradford ManufacturingFutures provides a central voice for themultitude of manufacturing businesses.CO Asks: UK & Local Government1 - Support further to develop Wave 1Clean Growth Hubs (143 KtCO e, 44% ofemissions) - Pre-FEED/FEED studies2 - Support further to develop Wave 2Clean Growth Hubs (80 KtCO e, 25% ofemissions) - Pre-FEED/FEED studies3 - Start-up support to establish theongoing BMF cluster entity 4 - Support to share learnings to assist inestablishing industrial clusters acrossWest Yorkshire5 - Support to enhance the collaborative'survey & modelling approaches'building on the BMF successes.Without policy intervention, the currenttrajectory will result in partialdeindustrialisation, accompanied by joblosses in Bradford and negative impactson the economy. 2 Reduction in BMF24,000 employed£1.3Bn GVAExisting PolicytCO2e/yearTimelineOffshored EmissionsFacilitated bythe 5 ASKsPolicy forClusters &Dispersed SitesPreparation & MobilisationTargeted Delivery222

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© CR Plus Ltd, 2025T A B L E O F C O N T E N T SINTRODUCTION TO BMF 01BMF LIDP project: the partners, objectives,and what the project is seeking to solve.THE APPROACH 02Framework: Cogs & Roots.CGH areas: Partner and Participant sites.Survey approach.FINDINGS 04Context for the data and findings: highlightingkey achievements, the impact percentage ofeach cog, and providing evidence to lay thegroundwork for the path ahead. How can wedecarbonise Bradford from a bottom-upperspective?ASKS 07Clear message for next steps and ASK summarytable 1-5 areas.

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IntroductionBradford Manufacturing must remove 300,000 tCO2e per annumIndustry to decarbonise in line with Government, customer and supply chainrequirementsIndividual businesses have already deployed many cost-effective energy efficiencymeasuresProgress demands technological change & de-risked fuel switching investmentIndustrial Clean Growth Hubs have formed to encourage cross-industry collaborationOpportunities by coordinating local area requirements, planning and energyinfrastructureBottom-up energy planning for each Hub making the case for energy infrastructure BRADFORD MANUFACTURING EMBRACING CLEAN GROWTH© CR Plus Ltd, 2025Bradford Manufacturing Futures is aLocal Industrial DecarbonisationPlan (LIDP) project, funded by UKRI,started in 2024 and successfullycompleted in the beginning of 2025.The project investigated andproduced a plan for industrialdecarbonisation in the Bradforddistrict.1JOBS1,200 manufacturing businesses employ 24,000 people, accounting for 13% of localjobs in the district and contributing £1.3Bn in GVA. 'In year 1, this BMF LIDP directlylinked to 4,000 jobs through initial CGHs. We aim to expand this to 12,000 (50%) withongoing DESNZ support, entity formation and increasing engagement withorganisations such as the Chambers of Commerce, Make UK, CBI and WYCA. In total,320KtCO2e is emitted (scope 1&2) annually from manufacturing. SURVEY APPROACHThroughout 2024, project partner CR Plus has undertaken a survey approach tounderstand the manufacturing landscape within Bradford and to identify thecommon challenges across businesses. Site survey decarbonisation pathways informlocal CGH concepts where collaboration between sites optimises local energy andresource infrastructure.PAGE 012Bradford District is diverse in its manufacturing base3Bradford Manufacturing Futures created to conduit inward investmentEnsure access to renewable, low-cost energy for new demands of decarbonisedindustryVoice of Industry to low-carbon energy infrastructure providers, inward investors andLocal AuthoritiesHelping secure and grow local employment for the long term: 24,000 employees and£1.3 billion of GVABRADFORD MANUFACTURING FUTURES - A CENTRAL VOICE FOR INDUSTRY

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A. Resourcing, Skills and Supply Chain RequirementsB. Circular Economy Principles and CarbonAccounting RequirementsC. Generation of Clean Energy and InfrastructureD. Research and InnovationE. Legal, Planning and PermittingF. Investment RequirementsG. Stakeholder Engagement1. Energy and Resource Efficiency2. Fuel Switching3. Clean Growth Hubs4. Carbon Capture Utilisation5. Carbon Capture & StorageTHE FIVE COGS FOR INDUSTRIES TO REACHNET ZERO CAN BE SUMMARISED AS:THE UNDERPINNING ROOTS TO SUPPORT A SUCCESSFULTRANSITION TO NET ZERO FOR INDUSTRIES ARE:© CR Plus Ltd, 2025How CR Plus utilise the Cogs & Roots Framework toDevelop a Holistic Approach to DecarbonisationThe ApproachPAGE 02INDUSTRY IN THE WIDER NET ZERO LANDSCAPEThe bottom-up survey approach creates a real understanding of end-user requirements,first determining the most suitable decarbonisation pathway for individual businesses,leading to the formation of Clean Growth Hubs. The top-down strategy and bottom-upsurvey strategy will effectively meet at a technology/infrastructure Hub Level to sensecheck those local/regional plans, helping fine tune the modelling approach.UKCLUSTERSCGHsSITESREGIONAL PLANS TO BE JOINED INTO A NATIONAL PLANCLEAN GROWTH HUBS (CGHs) ARE THE PROJECTS THAT FEED INTOREGIONAL CLUSTER PLANS & SUPPORT SITESINDIVIDUAL SITES REALISE THEY NEED TO COLLABORATE WITH LOCALINFRASTRUCTURE AND SITES TO FORM A MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL CGHTOP-DOWNBOTTOM-UP

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SHIPLEYCGH ASITE SURVEYS = 4KEIGHLEYCGH BSITE SURVEYS = 7LOW MOORCGH CSITE SURVEYS = 7THORNTONROADCGH ESITE SURVEYS = 4SOUTHBRADFORDCGH DSITE SURVEYS = 5LOW MOORCGH CPlus 4 surveys outside the CGHlocations. Also positively engaged a further 20businesses in and around the cluster(not yet surveyed).SURVEYS = 7SHIPLEYCGH ASURVEYS = 4KEIGHLEYCGH BSURVEYS = 7SOUTHBRADFORDCGH DSURVEYS = 5THORNTONROADCGH ESURVEYS = 4The Cogs & Roots methodology has been applied to 31 surveyed sites across variousmanufacturers, using real data and taking the time to understand the operations andsituations at each site. Decarbonisation pathways have been created which inform CGH formation, infrastructuredecision making and cluster wide collaboration. © CR Plus Ltd, 2025Partner & Participant SitesThe ApproachPAGE 03

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14% 75%2. Fuel Switching11%3. Clean GrowthHubs1. Energy andResource EfficiencyOver 70% ofcluster energyconsumption fallswithin the fiveCGHs.Multi-day technical Net Zero surveys across a variety ofmanufacturers in the Bradford District. This delivered realdata and covered on the ground challenges to build a siteneeds-based decarbonisation pathway. HOW MUCH SITE SCOPE 1&2 CO CAN BE ABATED WITH EACH COG? SITE SURVEY FINDINGS…© CR Plus Ltd, 2025FindingsBuild a comprehensive picture of clusterdecarbonisation by surveying multiple sites31 onsite Net Zerotechnicalsurveys.50+ businessesattended workshopsrun by partnersduring the 2024 LIDPproject. Bradford Industrytotals 320 ktCO eScope 1&2emissions. Thesurveyed businessesin the districtaccounts for 145ktCO e (45% ofBradford total).2 large emitterswere surveyed inthe wider WYCAauthority area (77ktCO e)demonstratingcomparable resultsand opportunity forcluster expansionand infrastructureplan inter-linking. When weighted, the larger emitters take over: Largest 3 sites = 67% of emissions surveyed (30% of total region industrialemissions ~100ktCO e)Largest 6 sites = 85% of emissions surveyed (38% of total region industrialemissions).A greater focus on fuel switching away from natural gas to electricity, hydrogen, orother alternatives, with 75% of decarbonisation achieved through 'fuel switching'. Interesting site-specific options having significant relative impacts such as wasteheat recovery, high temperature heat pumps and localised generation & storage.Larger gas dependent sites, often operating 24/7 and more energy intensive relyon infrastructure and utility price dependent decisions regarding fuel-switching.Discussions between Infrastructure Operators and large businesses are essential.Smaller sites are less dependent on gas, less energy intensive and often single ordouble shift. These sites can benefit most from CGH patterns such as ‘small scaleelectrification’.PAGE 04e22222

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© CR Plus Ltd, 2025PAGE 05Future hydrogen final demand is more specific to the larger gas consumers. All sites cantechnically electrify; we envisage a minimum hydrogen demand of 104 MWh, due to amixture of practical, technical and cost reasons. We envisage the most realistic mix being650 GWh electricity and 328 GWh hydrogen, with timescales, infrastructure and policybeing the key influencing factors. 45% of directemissionssurveyed inBradfordDistrictElectricitydemand isexpected toincrease by afactor of 4Estimated 56GWh of on-siterenewablegenerationcomprising ofnearly 10% ofdemandBMF Survey Approach Energy Scenarios 37% demandside reduction inprimary energywill be driven byenergyefficiency &electrificationMost plausiblecase is a 66%electricity &34% hydrogenmixPolicy,infrastructure,technology allinfluence theextent ofelectrification vshydrogen = 769 GWh= 104 GWhRange of Additional ElectricityRange of Additional Hydrogen &Other Gas AlternativesElectricityHydrogen & OtherGas Alternatives= 650 GWh= 328 GWh= 409 GWh= 664 GWh104 GWh2025 2038annual GWh1,400 GWh161 GWh409 GWh224 GWh241 GWhMost PlausibleScenario Total Demand= 978 GWhHigh HydrogenScenario Total Demand= 1073 GWhHigh ElectricScenario Total Demand= 873 GWhAdditional Vectorsrange to meet totaldemandHigh ConfidenceVectorsinformed by technical sitesurveys & more likely fuel-switching strategiesTotal Demand= 1,561 GWhNatural Gas360 GWh560 GWh

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© CR Plus Ltd, 2025PAGE 06Decarbonisation PathwaysSupport for businesses in the Bradford District to implementdecarbonisation measures has a profound impact on the trajectory ofemission reductions. By 2038: we estimate the net effect of support will acceleratedecarbonisation and save a cumulative 1.65 million tCO e in contrast tothe unsupported pathway. By 2030: the net effect of support results in 33.4% decarbonisation vstoday, whereas the unsupported pathway is a maximum of 15.7%. Existing PolicytCO2e/yearTimelineOffshored EmissionsFacilitated bythe 5 ASKsPolicy forClusters &Dispersed SitesPreparation & MobilisationTargeted DeliveryBusiness Uncertainty and Rationale for Support1) Large gas consuming businesses face ‘fork in the road’ decisions regarding site assets andinfrastructure investment, with electrification vs hydrogen being the common simplifieddilemma.2) Sites can achieve accelerated decarbonisation, beginning with energy efficientelectrification projects (combining elements of COG 1 and COG 2), but require support andpractical guidance to 'future-proof' near-term capital investment decisions. 3) A site electrifying or switching to hydrogen for their process must commit significant capitaland labour resources to achieve a) techno-economic certainty, and b) de-risk the processchange. These “demand side” costs are significantly underfunded in comparison to nationalgeneration, CCUS and transmission projects.4) The 3 largest emitters surveyed account for approximately 100ktCO e in total, nearly onethird of the district’s emissions. All of which are either heat intensive and/or operate CHPplants. Spark gap and low ROI headwinds delay action.5) Current infrastructure and planning are hurdles to small and medium site decarbonisation.Holistic planning at the CGH level can better anticipate future needs.22

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CGH A - Shipley, CGH B - Keighley and CGH C -Low Moor Collaboration, technical, financial,SHE, planning, communications, serviceprovision. Feasibility through to FEED.CGH D - South Bradford, CGH E - Thornton RoadCollaboration, technical, financial, SHE, planning,communications, service provision.Feasibility through to FEED.Support in kind or subscription.Share learnings from the Bradford industrialCluster to support West Yorkshire industrialdecarbonisation and Net Zero infrastructureplanning.During the project, partners & sub-contractorshave recognised weaknesses in national datasets, which, when used in modelling, sometimesdo not match real-world conditions, leading todisengagement from manufacturers. The SurveyApproach-Model Approach combination hasyielded improved results for BMF, developingthis further with funding support will yieldfurther confidence in cluster, CGH and sitebased decarbonisation decisions.ASK3ASK1ASK2DISSEMINATION TOEMERGING WESTYORKSHIRE CLUSTERSASK4ASK5© CR Plus Ltd, 2025ASKsWAVE 1 CGHsWAVE 2 CGHsCLUSTER ENTITYSURVEY APPROACH& MODEL APPROACHDEVELOPMENTPAGE 07As mentioned in ‘Bradford ManufacturingFutures Entity Report’ and ‘BMFDecarbonisation Pathway - Survey Approach’,BMF requires tapered support from externalsources over a 3-year period to establish anentity that supports the industry. Initialinvestment is high to mobilise the resources toenable support mechanics before gainingenough interest and momentum to becomeself-sustaining after an initial 3-years.£4.325MTOTAL SUPPORTREQUIRED2025 - 27

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£300K total investment£150K support Mobilisation, scoping andearly feasibility ofCGH/major site projects£2M total investment £1Msupport feasibility and feed anddetailed design work 2 mainprojects£2M total investment£1M support feasibility and feed anddetailed design work 2main projectsFurther CGH feasibility &design stage work.Unlock decarbonisationCapex investments >£1BnDormant 2025£300K total investment£150K support mobilisation, scoping andearly feasibility of CGH/majorsite projects£2M total investment£1M support feasibility and feed anddetailed design work 2main projectsFurther CGH feasibility &design stage work.Unlock decarbonisationCapex investments >£1Bn£200K Total Investment £125K Support£75K Subscriptions£250K Total Investment £150K Support£100K Subscriptions£250K Total Investment £50K Support£200K SubscriptionsEntity self sustaining£250K total investment£100K support Support emerging WestYorkshire IndustrialClusters£400K total investment£150K support Support emerging WestYorkshire Industrial Clusters£500K with £200Kongoing supportWest Yorkshire NetZero infrastructurecollaboration acrossemerging clustersOngoing CollaborationMap Stakeholders,Council, WYCA, NPG,NGN, NESO, EA, BMF,Manufacturers etc.Establish accuracy &granularity of stakeholderrequirements (musthave’s and nice to have’s)£65K supportEstablish practicalmechanisms on where themodelling approach needs tobe enhanced by the surveyapproach to provideconfidence to investors(onsite and offsite). Test oneof the relationships toestablish what is effective orless effective. Refineproposals £85K supportTest & refineRelationships. Promotefor uptake in emergingClusters/Hubs.£100K n/a2025 2026 2027 2028+© CR Plus Ltd, 2025WAVE 2 CGHsPAGE 08£440K £1.535M £2.35MFURTHER CAPEXINVESTMENTS FORPROJECTINTEGRATION

BMF Decarbonisation Pathway - Survey Approach v1

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