2025 Hispanic Construction Council Report : simplebooklet.com

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe U.S. construction industry remains a vital part of the national economy, generating $2.5 trillion annuallyand driving progress in infrastructure, housing, and economic development across the country. However, theindustry faces significant challenges, with a severe labor shortage being one of the most pressing. Currentlythere are over 500,000 job openings, and this figure is projected to surpass one million by 2030. Initiativessuch as the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act have increased the demand for skilled professionals,including electricians, carpenters, and construction managers. Yet, meeting this demand is proving difficultdue to an aging workforce and the limited availability of trained workers. Additionally, the annual cap of66,000 H-2B visas, fully allocated for 2025, is insufficient to support the industry’s growing workforce needs,further intensifying the labor shortage crisis.Hispanic workers and business owners are indispensable to the construction industry's current and futurestability. Hispanic-owned construction firms now number over 95,000, collectively generating $779 billion inannual revenue and employing nearly 4 million workers. In 2023, Hispanic workers made up 33.8 % of theindustry’s workforce, a share expected to increase to 35.2 % by 2025 (4.3 million), potentially reaching half ofthe workforce by 2030. These workers and business owners fuel innovation, foster economic mobility, andcontribute significantly to local development efforts nationwide. Investing in the advancement of Hispanicworkers and firms can unlock substantial gains in productivity, cost-efficiency, and wealth creation across theconstruction and real estate sectors.Even as Hispanic workers and firms contribute significantly, they continue to face challenges that hinder theirpotential. Unsafe working conditions and wage inequalities remain concerning issues, with Hispanic workersaccounting for 27% of construction-related fatalities and earning 20 to 30% less than their non-Hispaniccounterparts. Hispanic-owned construction firms face additional barriers, such as limited access to capitaland complex certification processes, which restrict their ability to scale operations and secure publiccontracts. If these disparities are not addressed, they will continue to limit opportunities for growth, stiflingboth innovation and economic potential within the construction sector.Geopolitical and economic pressures are adding new layers of difficulty to these existing challenges. Recenttariffs imposed on steel, aluminum, and construction equipment are pushing project costs higher, with somehome prices increasing by $17,000 to $22,000. These cost hikes threaten affordability, delay infrastructureprojects, and create additional strain for small and minority-owned firms. The potential for large-scaledeportations of undocumented workers could remove as many as 900,000 essential employees from theconstruction workforce, further declining workforce shortages to 1.3 million by 2030. Leading to project delays,labor shortages, and reduced national productivity. Against the backdrop of rising inflation and economicuncertainty, the construction industry and the communities it serves are at a pivotal crossroads.By 2030, Hispanic workers and businesses are projected to lead the construction industry in both employmentand entrepreneurship. However, coordinated action is essential to ensure this growth is not derailed.Policymakers, industry stakeholders, and leaders must work together to eliminate systemic barriers, createopportunities for advancement, and safeguard the workforce and supply chains critical to fostering a moreresilient and prosperous construction industry in the United States.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.comi

Page 3

TABLE OF CONTENTSLetter From George CarrillovMessage From Luis Puig Jr.viMethodology viiSection 1: Construction Industry Overview 01Economic ContributionsEconomic ProjectionsDemographic Shifts and Labor Demand Section 2: Hispanic-Owned Firms06Credit Challenges Faced by Hispanic-Owned Firms Limited Opportunities for Technical Assistance Barriers to Scaling Hispanic-Owned Firms Section 3: Employment Trends10Labor Roles Skilled Trades ApprenticeshipsManagementNeed for Leadership DevelopmentCall to Action for Industry Stakeholders Section 4: Hispanic Women In Construction13Challenges Faced by Hispanic WomenData Spotlight Limited AdvancementOpportunities for GrowthWorkforce at a Glance Pioneering Hispanic-Owned FirmsSection 5: Unions and Trade Advocacy 15Union RepresentationBarriers to Union ParticipationBarriers to Becoming a Union ContractorSuccesses and Challenges of Unions The Role of Advocacy GroupsPioneering Women in Construction Wage theft and Exploitation Vulnerability of Undocumented WorkersLack of Legal Protection and EnforcementList of Figures and TablesRegional Projects ivwww.hispanicconstructioncouncil.comii

Page 4

Page 5

Page 6

“Harnessing CollectivePower For Lasting Change”George Carrillo Dear Valued Partners and Esteemed Community Members,For generations, Hispanic workers have been the unsung heroes, the unwavering driving force behind the U.S.construction industry. Their tireless dedication, skill, and resilience have fueled its remarkable growth andshaped the skylines of our nation. Today, with immense pride, we present the Hispanic Construction AnnualReport, a testament to our community's invaluable contributions and a resounding call to action for achievinglasting progress and equity within the sector.The challenges facing the construction industry are undeniable and demand our immediate attention. Acritical national workforce shortage, coupled with rapidly aging infrastructure and a staggering housingdeficit of 4 million homes, requires urgent and innovative solutions. Alarmingly, nearly 20% of constructionprojects are currently falling behind schedule, impacting communities and economies across the country.As the backbone of this vital industry, Hispanics are uniquely positioned and equipped to lead the wayforward, offering not only our expertise but also our deep commitment to building a better future. Ourcollective success is inextricably linked to the prosperity of businesses, the strength of local economies, andthe overall resilience of the construction sector. By empowering Hispanic professionals and businesses, weare investing in a future where everyone can thrive.To meet our nation’s growing demands and unlock the full potential of our community, we must prioritizestrategic investments in the education, empowerment, and advancement of Hispanic businesses andprofessionals in construction. This includes expanding access to training programs, mentorship opportunities,and capital resources that will enable Hispanic-owned firms to compete and succeed at every level.We invite you to join the Hispanic Construction Council in our mission to shape a brighter, more inclusivefuture for the construction industry. Together, we can overcome the challenges of today and createtransformative opportunities that uplift our community and strengthen the industry as a whole. The time toact is now. We urge you to collaborate with us, lend your support, and become a vital part of building astronger, more equitable tomorrow for all.LETTER FROM GEORGE CARRILLOSincerely,George CarrilloCo-Founder | Chief Executive Officerwww.hispanicconstructioncouncil.comv

Page 7

“The establishment of the Hispanic Construction Councilis long overdue,” states Luis Puig Jr, President of ALLConstruction Group. “This platform will not only advocatefor policies benefiting Hispanics in the constructionindustry but also foster collaboration with corporatesponsors and institutions. It’s a vital step in channelingresources to local Hispanic construction organizations,enabling companies like ours to scale and expand.”BUILDING A LEGACY OF LEADERSHIPAND INNOVATIONLuis Puig Jr exemplifies leadership and innovation in theconstruction industry. Since taking the helm of ALLConstruction Group, originally founded as ALL MasonryConstruction Co., Inc. in 1972, Luis has transformed thecompany into a premier general contractor andconstruction manager. His efforts have earned the firm widespread recognition,including 20 Excellence in Masonry Awards and the 2023Project of the Year by CISCO for the Chicago Park DistrictHeadquarters.Under Luis’ leadership, the company has diversified its services, strengthening self-performance trades suchas Masonry, Facades, Rainscreens, and Carpentry. This strategic expansion supports a workforce of 500tradespeople and ensures the firm’s capability to manage complex projects with precision. Notable projectsinclude the Humboldt Park Health Wellness Center, a landmark for the Latino community, and agroundbreaking joint venture with Clayco to develop PsiQuantum’s facilities at Chicago’s flagship quantumcampusLuis’ vision and dedication to quality, execution, and community impact continue to pave the way for progress,both within the company and the broader industry. The launch of the Hispanic Construction Council marks apivotal moment in empowering Hispanic businesses, creating opportunities, and driving industry innovation.Luis Puig Jr.President of ALL Construction Groupwww.hispanicconstructioncouncil.comvi

Page 8

METHODOLOGYThis report employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative data to provide acomprehensive analysis of the U.S. construction industry, with a particular focus on the role and experiences ofHispanic workers and businesses.A. Data CollectionB. Data AnalysisQuantitative AnalysisStatistical techniques are used to analyze numerical data related to employment, wages, businessownership, economic output (GDP), and safety incidents. This analysis aims to identify key trends,disparities, and correlations within the industry.Comparative AnalysisData is compared across different demographic groups (e.g., Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic, men vs. women),time periods (e.g., 2017-2024), and geographic regions to highlight disparities, track progress, and identifybest practices.Economic ModelingEconomic projections and forecasts, based on current data and anticipated policy changes (e.g., tariffs,legislative initiatives), are incorporated to assess potential future impacts on the construction industryand its workforce.Qualitative AnalysisCase studies, worker testimonials, and industry examples are used to provide context and illustrate thelived experiences of Hispanic workers and business owners within the construction sector. This qualitativedata enriches the statistical findings and adds a human dimension to the analysis.Government DataPrimary data is sourced from publicly accessible databases maintained by U.S. government agencies,including the U.S. Census Bureau, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), and the Bureau of LaborStatistics (BLS). These sources provide foundational statistics on employment, economic activity,demographics, and safety.Secondary ResearchThe report incorporates findings from research reports, scholarly articles, and publications released byvarious organizations, such as the Economic Policy Institute, Pew Research Center, McKinsey & Company,advocacy groups, and industry associations. These sources offer in-depth analysis and diverseperspectives on relevant issues.Real-Time IndicatorsCurrent economic indicators and industry news are monitored to provide an up-to-date overview of theconstruction industry's performance and emerging trends.C. Data LimitationsData LagSome government data, particularly from the U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Economic Analysis,may have a time lag. This means that some of the statistics presented may not reflect the most currentconditions in the industry. Specifically, data from the U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census is only collectedand reported every five years for years ending in 2 and 7, limiting the frequency with which detailedindustry-level data is available.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.comvii

Page 9

Sampling MethodologyData from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) relies on the Current Population Survey (CPS), which is asample survey. As with any sample, there is a margin of error associated with the estimates, and the datamay not perfectly represent the entire population of construction workers and firms.Self-Reported DataSome data, such as that collected through surveys, relies on self-reporting, which can be subject to biasesor inaccuracies. For example, data on wages and working conditions may not fully capture theexperiences of undocumented workers or those employed in informal arrangements.Economic ProjectionsEconomic projections and forecasts are inherently uncertain and are based on assumptions that may nothold true in the future. Factors such as unforeseen policy changes, economic shocks, or technologicaldisruptions could significantly alter the projected outcomes.Data on Undocumented WorkersDue to the sensitive nature of immigration status, data on undocumented workers in the constructionindustry is particularly difficult to obtain and may be subject to significant underreporting or estimationerrors.Causation vs. CorrelationWhile the report identifies trends and correlations, it is important to note that correlation does not equalcausation. Further research may be needed to establish causal relationships between specific factors andoutcomes in the construction industry.Access to Proprietary DataThis report relies primarily on publicly available data. Access to proprietary or confidential data fromindustry associations or private companies could provide a more granular and nuanced understanding ofcertain issues, but this data was not available for this analysis.D. Report GenerationData VisualizationKey findings are presented visually through figures, tables, charts, and maps to enhance accessibility andunderstanding for a broad audience.Consistent CitationsAll data sources are meticulously cited using a consistent citation style to ensure transparency andcredibility.viiiwww.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com

Page 10

01CONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRY OVERVIEW The U.S. construction industry is the foundation of modern society, shaping the spaces where we live, work, andconnect. It builds the homes that shelter us, the infrastructure that powers our daily lives, and the public spacesthat enrich our communities. From roads and bridges to utilities like water and electricity, construction createsthe systems that keep society moving. Beyond functionality, it brings life to schools, hospitals, parks, andcultural landmarks, providing opportunities for education, recreation, and shared experiences. Every structure,whether a family home or a towering skyscraper, is a testament to the industry’s role in shaping the physicaland social fabric of our world.Economically, the construction industry is a driving force, contributing trillions of dollars annually to GDP andcreating millions of jobs across a wide range of professions. It fuels growth in manufacturing, transportation,and technology, while real estate development generates wealth and investment opportunities. Public projectslike highways and airports enhance connectivity and productivity, reducing costs for businesses and improvingquality of life. Beyond economics, the industry enables cities to grow and modernize, fosters innovation throughsustainable building practices, and plays a critical role in disaster recovery. From defining cultural identitieswith iconic landmarks to building the systems that support progress, the construction industry is essential tothe growth, resilience, and evolution of society.ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS According to the most recent U.S. Economic Census report (2022), the construction industry consisted of 785,917firms (87,732 were Hispanic-owned), employed a workforce of over 7,485,385, and contributed $1.3 trillion to theGDP. The industry also produced the following:Sales, value of shipments, or revenue: $2,920,771,250,000Value of construction work: $2,852,781,023,000On government-owned projects: $472,427,939,000On federally-owned projects: $81,288,714,000On state and locally-owned projects: $391,139,225,000On privately-owned projects: $2,380,353,084,000Subcontracted in from others: $523,065,983,000Other business done: $67,990,255,000Total Retirements: $14,365,579,000www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com1

Page 11

GO: GO Current DollarGO: GO Chained 2017 $VA: VA Current DollarVA_DD: VA Chained 2017 $Note: Source U.S. Bureau of Economic AnalysisFigure 1. Construction Industry Facts 2022-2024According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), which tracks the nation's GDP currently through thethird quarter of 2024, the total U.S. economy GDP reached $29.3 trillion in 2024 Quarter 3. The constructionindustry is a major contributor to the U.S. economy, accounting for $2.5 trillion in Gross Output (GO) and $1.3trillion in Value Added (VA) to the GDP. For detailed industry economic trends, see Appendix A (Table A1)In 2024 Quarter 3, the BEA reported an increase in Nominal GO for the construction industry to$2.5 trillion, reflecting total industry activity at current prices. However, Real GO, adjusted forinflation, remained unchanged at 0%, indicating that actual economic activity in the sector didnot grow. This stagnation may suggest rising costs, ongoing labor shortages, or slowing demandwithin the industry.Further, construction nominal VA accounted for 4.5% of GDP, increasing to $1.3 trillion in 2024Quarter 3. However, the Real VA declined by 0.2%, offsetting Real GDP growth by -0.01 percentagepoints. This indicates that while the construction sector’s contribution to GDP increased innominal terms, its inflation-adjusted economic output slightly declined. As a result, constructionbusinesses may be generating higher revenues in dollar terms, but real production and industrygrowth have slightly weakened.Despite these challenges, the overall U.S. economy continues to grow. Given construction’s 4.5%share of GDP in 2024 Quarter 3, the sector’s contribution in 2024 Quarter 4 is expected to remainstable or show slight adjustments based on prevailing industry conditions.ECONOMIC PROJECTIONSAt the time of this report, ongoing trade tensions between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, marked bythe recent imposition of tariffs, are expected to significantly impact the U.S. construction industry. An analysis ofavailable BEA data, combined with the anticipated effects of increased tariffs on construction costs, housingand infrastructure project timelines, and persistent labor shortages, yields the following projections:www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com2

Page 12

Metric2024 Q3 Actual2025 Q1 ProjectionsExpected ChangeReal Gross Output(Construction)$2.524T (0.0% growth)$2.515T (-0.4% growth)Decline due to tariffimpact, project delaysReal Value Added(Construction)$1.319T (-0.2%)$1.295T (-1.8%)Falling profitability,higher material costsTotal U.S. GDP(Nominal)$29.72T$29.95TEconomic slowdownbut still moderategrowthReal GDP Growth(Inflation-Adjusted)+3.1%+2.5%Tariff effects, slowerconstruction andhousingTable 1. 2025 Quarter 1 ProjectionsDEMOGRAPHIC SHIFTS AND LABOR DEMANDThe Hispanic workforce has become a driving force in the U.S. construction industry, propelled by demographicshifts and booming regional markets. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Hispanicworkers accounted for 33.8% of the total construction workforce in 2023, a significant rise from 16% in 2000.Hispanic professionals dominate the construction workforce in key states like Texas (60%), California (50%), andFlorida (45%). These states are experiencing rapid growth in infrastructure projects, housing development, andurban expansion, creating critical labor gaps that Hispanic workers are filling. As non-Hispanic participation inlabor-intensive roles declines, Hispanic workers have become indispensable in the skilled trades and generallabor sectors. At the same time, the construction industry faces a severe labor shortage, with over 500,000 job openings in2024, a figure expected to surpass 1 million by 2030. This workforce gap is primarily driven by an agingworkforce nearing retirement and the declining interest of younger workers in skilled trades. Legislativeinitiatives such as the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act have further intensified the demand for skilledprofessionals such as electricians, carpenters, and construction managers. Hispanic workers are uniquelypositioned to bridge this gap, particularly in high-demand states and specialized trades.WORKFORCE AT A GLANCEHispanic workers are foundational to the construction industry, contributing to its $1.3 trillion annual output,while driving local economies and public infrastructure development. Their impact is particularly evident inregions with high labor participation, where Hispanic professionals play a key role in constructing roads,bridges, housing developments, and urban infrastructure. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2024), Hispanic and Latino workers represent a growing shareof the construction workforce. Data highlights both workforce growth among Hispanic professionals andpersistent wage disparities across racial, ethnic, and gender lines. (See Figure 2 below.)www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com3

Page 13

White: 9,936,444 Hispanic or Latino: 3,675,486Black or African American:711,588Asian: 230,368White: 10,240,272 Hispanic or Latino: 4,043,262Black or African American:777,543Asian: 244,145White: 10,345,860 Hispanic or Latino: 4,035,619Black or African American:806,286Asian: 210,824Construction IndustryWorkforceMedian Weekly Earnings Projected Current Workforce 2025: 4.3 million (35.2%)Projected 2030 Workforce Shortage: 1 million or 1.3 with mass deportation202320222021Figure 2. Construction Workforce Composition and Wage Disparities by Race,Ethnicity, and Sex (2021–2023)Note. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data arenot presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data sourced from theU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey (2024).www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com4WhiteHispanic orLatinoBlack or AfricanAmericanAsianMen Women$993$803$741$848$948$1008$1384$634WhiteHispanic orLatinoBlack or AfricanAmericanAsianMen Women$961$780$638$829$828$1078$676$1006WhiteHispanic orLatinoBlack orAfricanAmericanAsianMen Women$918$714$614$787$760$991$324$842

Page 14

REGIONAL PROJECTSThe construction industry is expanding across the United States, with Hispanic-owned firms and workers drivingmajor infrastructure and development projects. From sustainable construction and climate resilience totransportation networks and affordable housing, Hispanic professionals are shaping the industry’s future.This section highlights key regional projects and emerging opportunities for Hispanic-owned firms to expandtheir influence, showcasing their contributions to critical infrastructure, economic growth, and workforcedevelopment. As regional markets evolve, new opportunities emerge for Hispanic businesses to expand andlead.NORTHEAST WEST $142B Sound Transit 3 Expansion in Seattle,WA $135B California High-Speed Rail Project $56B Interstate Bridge Replacementbetween Portland, OR, and Vancouver, WA $12B Brightline West High-Speed RailProject between NV and CA<SOUTHEAST$5B Centennial Yards DevelopmentProject in GA$2B First Coast Expressway in FL$1B Project Apex EV Battery MaterialsManufacturing Plant in KY$1B Dynasty Ocoee Youth SportsComplex in FL$16.1B Gateway Program (NortheastCorridor) in NJ to NY$16 B Hudson Tunnel Project betweenNJ and NY$2.13B Bull Run Filtration Plant andPipeline in Portland, MEMIDWEST$8B Summit Carbon Solutions MidwestCarbon Express across ND, SD, IA, MN, andNE $2.1B Line 3 Replacement Program in MN$2B Manteno EV Lithium BatteryManufacturing Plant in IL $1B Midwest Hydrogen Hub ProjectFigure 3. Regional Construction Projects in the US.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com5

Page 15

02HISPANIC-OWNEDFIRMSHISPANIC-OWNED FIRMSThe U.S. construction industry is a cornerstone of the national economy, with more than 785,917 constructionfirms employing over 7.5 million workers (U.S. Census Bureau, 2022). Within this landscape, Hispanicprofessionals have played a pivotal role, not only as a vital part of the labor force but also as business ownersdriving industry growth. Hispanic-owned construction firms exemplify the American entrepreneurial spirit,experiencing consistent expansion since 2017 and establishing themselves as key contributors to the sector.(See Table 2 below).As of 2022, Hispanic-owned businesses across all sectors totaled 465,202, with construction firms representing18.8% of that total. Within the construction industry, Hispanic-owned firms account for 11.5% of all U.S.construction businesses, underscoring the community’s significant economic impact. These firms alonegenerate over $465 billion in annual revenue, fueling job creation and infrastructure development nationwide.Today, estimates suggest that Hispanic-owned firms now account for 95,000 businesses, collectivelygenerating over $779 billion annually, driving economic growth, fostering entrepreneurship, and creating jobswithin Hispanic communities. Hispanic-owned construction firms play critical roles in residential and commercial projects, particularly inmajor urban centers such as Los Angeles, Miami, and Houston. However, despite their contributions, thesebusinesses face significant challenges, including limited access to capital and government contracts, whichhinder their ability to scale and compete in larger markets. Despite these barriers, Hispanic entrepreneurscontinue to demonstrate resilience and innovation, reshaping local economies and strengthening regionaldevelopment.Beyond the construction sector, the success of Hispanic-owned firms has a profound ripple effect. Thesebusinesses create a 1.4x multiplier effect on local economies, meaning that for every dollar generated, anadditional $0.40 circulates within the community, stimulating further employment and economic growth.Moreover, Hispanic entrepreneurs actively reinvest in their communities, often partnering with other minority-owned businesses, further reinforcing a diverse and sustainable economic ecosystem.YearTotal Construction Firms Hispanic-Owned Firms%age ofTotal2017706,35450,1877.12018710,82653,6847.52019731,10856,8327.72020729,16662,7898.62021751,31470,5719.32022759,80887,73211.5Note. Data sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau (Annual Business Survey, 2022). Percentages reflect the share of Hispanic-owned firms relative to the total construction firms each year.Table 2. Hispanic-Owned Construction Firms in the U.S. (2017-2022)www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com6

Page 16

CREDIT CHALLENGES FACED BY HISPANIC BUSINESSESHispanic-owned construction firms, despite their substantial economic contributions, encounter significantbarriers to growth and competition with larger, non-Hispanic-owned companies. One of the primarychallenges is limited access to capital. Research from Stanford highlights a stark disparity: only 20% of Latino-owned companies that applied for national bank loans exceeding $100,000 were approved, compared to 50%of White-owned enterprises.According to the SBA's summary report, Hispanic businesses accounted for just 13.4% of approvals under theSBA’s 7(a) loan program, underscoring systemic obstacles that hinder access to financial resources critical forexpansion.Another significant challenge is the difficulty in obtaining surety bonds, which are often required for publicconstruction projects. Many smaller Hispanic-owned firms lack the financial history or assets necessary tosecure these bonds, effectively excluding them from bidding on government contracts. While Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) programs aim to support minority-owned firms in accessingpublic contracts, challenges remain. Access to government and corporate contracts remains limited. In 2022, just 13% of Latino-owned businessessecured such contracts, despite their importance for stability and growth. Even when contracts are awarded,the gap in scale is striking. Federal contracts for White-owned businesses were, on average, 30 times largerthan those for Latino-owned businesses.These include:Complex application processesLimited mentorship opportunitiesIntense competition from larger, established companiesAs a result, Hispanic-owned firms remain underrepresented in government contracting, despite their provencapacity to handle large projectsBARRIERS TO SCALING HISPANIC-OWNED FIRMSHispanic-owned construction firms face considerable challenges in scaling their businesses, with regulatorycomplexity posing one of the most significant hurdles. Federal, state, and local regulations, covering areas suchas labor laws, safety standards, and environmental compliance, can be overwhelming for smaller firms withlimited administrative resources. Many Hispanic-owned businesses lack the time, staff, or expertise to navigatethese requirements effectively, creating barriers to growth and expansion.Another major obstacle is the lack of professional networks and mentorship opportunities, particularly for first-generation immigrant business owners. Without access to these networks, many Hispanic-owned firms remain small or mid-sized, unable to competewith larger, more established companies.Supplier diversity programs, intended to foster inclusion of minority-owned businesses, present challenges oftheir own. The certification processes for these programs are often complex and time-consuming, requiringresources that many small Hispanic-owned firms cannot spare. As a result, these businesses are frequentlyunable to access lucrative opportunities that could help them scaleThese connections are crucial for:Securing capital to fund growth.Navigating industry challenges, such as bidding on larger projects.Developing strategic business practices to scale operations.LIMITED OPPORTUNITIES FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Minority-owned construction businesses, including Hispanic-owned firms, face significant barriers in accessingtechnical assistance programs that are critical for growth and competitiveness. These programs providecritical support in:Business development training, including strategic planning and operations management.Financial planning, such as budgeting, loan preparation, and cash flow management.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com7Certification assistance for public contracts, including Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) orMinority Business Enterprise (MBE) certifications.

Page 17

Barriers to AccessSeveral factors limit the ability of minority-owned businesses to benefit from technical assistance programs:Language BarriersMany programs lack bilingual support,making them inaccessible to non-English-speaking business owners.Lack of IndustryConnectionsWithout established networks, minoritybusiness owners often remain unawareof available opportunities.Geographic InequitiesFirms in rural or underserved urbanareas often have limited access tolocally available programs .Impact of Limited AssistanceWithout sufficient support, minority-owned construction firms struggle to:Scale their operations, as they lack the resources to invest in workforce development or advancedtechnologies.Compete for contracts, particularly public projects requiring complex certifications or complianceprocesses.The Need for Expanded AccessExpanding technical assistance programs is critical to leveling the playing field for minority-owned businesses.Increased funding, targeted outreach, and bilingual services would provide these firms with the tools they needto thrive in the highly competitive construction industry.RecommendationsAllocate more resources to technical assistance programs, prioritizing underserved areas.Increase FundingBilingual SupportEnsure that all programs offer materials and training in multiple languages.PartnershipsFoster collaborations between advocacy groups, industry leaders, and government agencies to broadenaccess and raise awareness of available programs.PIONEERING HISPANIC-OWNED FIRMS ALL Construction GroupOriginally founded as ALL Masonry Construction Co., Inc. in 1972, ALL Construction Group is a Chicago-based,family-owned and operated firm. Over the decades, it has grown into a leading force in the industry, employinga peak workforce of 500 tradespeople. The company has earned unparalleled recognition, receiving 20prestigious Excellence in Masonry Awards for its commitment to craftsmanship and innovation.However, these resources are often underfunded and unevenly distributed, leaving many firms without thesupport needed to expand and compete effectively.Hensel Phelps ConstructionFounded in 1937, Hensel Phelps Construction has evolved from a small, family-run business into a world-classbuilder. With a strong focus on expanding into new markets, fostering partnerships, and investing in diversityand community development, the company remains dedicated to creating opportunities and shaping thefuture of construction. Hensel Phelps continues to set industry standards through its commitment to excellence,innovation, and service.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com8

Page 18

www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.comAlto FSI Established in Cleveland, Ohio, Alto FSI is a Minority Business Enterprise specializing in fire safety within theconstruction industry. The company offers expert services in thermal insulation, membrane roofing,waterproofing, fire and smoke protection, and related systems. As a specialty contractor, Alto FSI supports bothcommercial and institutional projects, contributing to safer, more resilient building environments. Alto FSI madehistory by securing a $4 million contract with Turner Construction for Cleveland’s largest healthcare project,the first of its size awarded to a Hispanic-owned firm in the region.Peinado ConstructionThe Peinado Construction team has been responsible for delivering approximately 50 million square feet ofindustrial, data center, and office facilities across Texas. Known for its client-centered approach, PeinadoConstruction streamlines project delivery while prioritizing quality, safety, and efficiency. The company’sexpertise and specialized services have positioned it as a trusted leader in the industry.GSI Builders, Inc.GSI Builders, Inc. is an Oregon-certified Minority Business Enterprise with over 40 years of combined experiencein commercial construction. Rooted in family values and community commitment, the firm specializes inaffordable housing while also delivering market-rate multifamily, senior housing, public works, commercial, andtenant improvement projects. Their portfolio includes projects ranging from under $100,000 to over $26 million.GSI Builders brings a purpose-driven approach to construction, emphasizing integrity, responsibility, andexcellence. Their work reflects a long-standing commitment to building strong, inclusive communities.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com9Photograph by GSI Builders Inc

Page 19

03EMPLOYMENTTRENDS LABOR ROLESHispanic workers form the backbone of the U.S. construction industry, excelling in roles that are bothfoundational and physically demanding. As of 2023, they represent over 80% of the workforce in trades such asdrywall installation, roofing, framing, and masonry. (See Figure 4). These roles are critical to building the nation’sinfrastructure, from homes to highways.Case Study: Essential but Vulnerable"Luis Hernandez, a roofer in Florida, faced unsafe working conditions due to his limited access to safety training inSpanish. After participating in a bilingual training program initiated by his employer, Luis improved his safetypractices and became a team leader, reducing injuries on site by 30%."Hispanic Asian Black Women0 20 40 60 80 100OperatorsElectriciansBrickmasonCarpentersPepelayersCementFlooringPaintersRoofersDrywallNote. Data sourced from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.These labor-intensive roles present significant challenges for Hispanic workers. They earn a median annualwage of approximately $43,580, which is substantially lower than wages in skilled trades or managerial roles.Beyond wage disparities, safety risks remain a critical concern, as language barriers often hinder access toproper safety training. Many employers often fail to provide bilingual materials, leaving Hispanic workersdisproportionately vulnerable to workplace injuries and fatalities.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com10Figure 4. Minority Labor Force (%)

Page 20

12SKILLED TRADESAdditionally, technological advancements are transforming skilled trades. The integration ofrobotics, AI-driven project management tools, and sustainable building materials like masstimber is reshaping how work is performed, enhancing efficiency, and creating new opportunitiesfor skilled professionals.Skilled trades offer clear pathways to career advancement, with vocational training programsplaying a key role in bridging the gap. Institutions like the Los Angeles Trade-Technical College,apprenticeship programs, and union-sponsored initiatives are equipping Hispanic workers withthe technical expertise and certifications needed to succeed in high-demand fields.While historically underrepresented, Hispanic workers are steadily increasing their presence in inskilled trades such as plumbing, electrical work, and HVAC installation. As of 2023, they comprised30% of skilled trade workers in U.S. construction, reflecting a growing shift toward specialized rolesthat offer stability and higher wages.APPRENTICESHIPSAt the heart of this dynamic sector lies a powerful tool for developing skilled labor: apprenticeships. Theseprograms provide a structured "earn while you learn" approach, equipping individuals with technical skills forwell-paying careers while offering employers a pipeline of highly trained workers. However, challenges like lowcompletion rates and labor shortages highlight the urgent need to expand and improve these programs tomeet the industry's demands.Apprenticeships are a pathway to careers in construction, blending hands-on training and classroomeducation. Programs typically span three to five years, ensuring participants master their craft while earningwages. With over 451,000 participants in 2024, a 22% increase in five years, apprenticeships have becomecrucial for workforce development. These programs enhance the construction industry by providing workerswith recognized credentials and specialized skills to support infrastructure projects and adapt to an evolvingeconomy.Economic benefits of apprenticeships are substantial. Workers gain trade expertise without the financialburden of student debt and earn an average of $60,000 annually upon completion. Over their careers, thistranslates to $300,000 more in earnings than non-apprenticeship workers. For employers, apprentices addresslabor shortages by creating a customized pipeline of skilled workers, reducing turnover, and boostingproductivity.The "earn while you learn" model stands out as apprentices earn competitive wages, receive raises as their skillsincrease, and avoid tuition costs. Employers benefit from lower hiring costs while ensuring well-prepared, high-quality, and loyal workers. Sponsoring apprenticeships reflects an investment in employees’ futures, fosteringjob satisfaction and retention.Despite their advantages, apprenticeships face challenges. Completion rates are low, with some programsreporting less than 40% of participants finishing. Barriers such as physically demanding environments,insufficient mentorship, and workplace discrimination, particularly against women and minorities, contribute tothis. Women represent less than 10% of the construction workforce, highlighting the need for outreach andsupport to make programs more inclusive for underserved groups, such as women, minorities, and veterans.The declining number of registered apprenticeship programs also dampens growth, requiring attention toaddress sustainability and accessibility. Enhancing mentorship, reducing discrimination, and fostering outreachto high schools and community colleges are pivotal strategies to broaden the talent pool. Pre-apprenticeshipinitiatives, like Youth Build and Helmets to Hardhats, help prepare younger generations for successful tradecareers.The construction industry is projected to grow by 10% by 2024, with roles like electricians and plumbers seeingeven higher demand. Tackling labor shortages requires expanding apprenticeship opportunities and increasingfederal and state investments. These programs are not optional but essential for meeting the nation’s futureinfrastructure and workforce needs.Apprenticeships are more than career pathways; they are bridges to a stronger, better-built future. By investingin these programs, addressing barriers, and fostering inclusivity, the construction industry can provideopportunities, fuel economic growth, and strengthen communities. Expanding apprenticeships is a necessarystep toward building a workforce ready to meet the challenges of tomorrow.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com11

Page 21

MANAGEMENTDespite their significant presence in labor-intensive and skilled roles, Hispanic workers remainunderrepresented in supervisory and managerial positions. Only 12% of foremen and 8% of constructionmanagers are Hispanic, a stark contrast to their overall workforce participation.Key Barriers to Advancement IncludeMany Hispanic workers lack opportunities for leadership development, which are critical for managerialroles.Limited access to training and mentorship Proficiency in English is often a prerequisite for supervisory roles, presenting a hurdle for some Hispanicworkers.Language and communication challenges These reduce access to benefits such as health insurance and retirement plans, making it harder forworkers to invest in certifications or training.Informal employment arrangements"Maria Lopez began her construction career as a drywall installer in Texas. After enrolling in a leadership trainingprogram offered by the National Hispanic Contractors Association, she advanced to a foreman role. Maria nowleads a team of 20 workers on multimillion-dollar commercial projects, showcasing the value of investing inHispanic leadership."Case Study: From Labor to LeadershipTHE NEED FOR LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT The construction industry is evolving with digital toolsand sustainable practices, increasing demand forleaders with technical and managerial skills.Hispanic workers are well-positioned to fill these roles ifthey have access to the right resources. Organizationslike the Hispanic American Construction IndustryAssociation (HACIA) and the National HispanicContractors Association (NHICA) are stepping in tobridge the gap. Programs tailored for Hispanicconstruction professionals are helping them transitioninto roles like project managers, foremen, andexecutives. Call to Action for Industry StakeholdersExpand access to bilingual leadershiptraining programs.Prioritize affordable certification programsand remove financial barriers toadvancement. AdvancementAccessFoster mentorship initiatives that connectexperienced leaders with rising Hispanictalent.Mentorshipwww.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com12

Page 22

04HISPANIC WOMEN INCONSTRUCTIONCHALLENGES FACED BY HISPANIC WOMENHispanic women face unique challenges in the construction industry, navigating barriers related to gender,ethnicity, and workplace culture:Hispanic women make up lessthan 5% of the constructionworkforce, significantly lower thantheir male and non-Hispaniccounterparts .Dual bias based on gender andethnicity limits access to high-paying roles and leadershipopportunities.Equipment and safety protocolsare often designed for men,adding risks for women inphysically demanding roles.Data SpotlightHispanic women earn 21% less than their malecounterparts in similar positions and 9% less thannon-Hispanic women in construction.Despite these barriers, Hispanic women in unionized rolesearn 20% more on average than those in non-unionizedpositions.RecommendationsProvide gender-inclusive safety equipment andconduct workplace training to address bias.Mandate pay transparency audits to identifyand rectify wage disparities.According to the BLS (2024), the number of women employed in the construction industry has steadilyincreased over the past decade. In 2015, approximately 929,000 women worked in construction, and by 2024,this number had risen to around 1,343,000, reflecting a 44.5% increase in the female construction workforce.In 2024, an estimated 152,763 Hispanic women were employed in construction, representing 4.3% of the totalconstruction workforce. According to the US Census (2018), 7,135 women, or 1%, were construction managers.LIMITED ADVANCEMENTCareer advancement for Hispanic women in construction is more limited than for their male counterparts, asvocational training and apprenticeships often focus on men, with few programs addressing the challengeswomen face. Only 9% of construction managers are women, and even fewer are women of color, leavingHispanic women underrepresented in higher-paying trades like plumbing and electrical work. Hispanic womenwho own or manage construction businesses face additional barriers, such as limited access to capital andmentorship, with 65% of women of color, including Hispanic women, reporting difficulties securing loans (SmallBusiness Administration, 2023).www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com13

Page 23

RecommendationsLaunch mentorship initiatives pairing experienced female leaders with Hispanic women in construction.Provide scholarships and financial aid for vocational training and STEM-based certifications.OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTHNew opportunities are emerging for Hispanic women in construction as the industry increasingly recognizes theimportance of gender diversity. Organizations like Tradeswomen Inc. and NAWIC are offering training programsspecifically for women, providing mentorship, technical training, and career development for both skilled tradesand leadership roles. Bilingual vocational programs help Hispanic women overcome language barriers and access networks throughSpanish training and mentorship. Increased access to education has also contributed to the growth of Hispanicwomen in leadership roles. In 2020, 41% of Hispanic women were enrolled in college, compared to 35% ofHispanic men, better preparing them for leadership positions within the construction industry (Pew ResearchCenter, 2024). (See Figure 5).College Educated Less in Wages than Men % age of Construction Workforce0 10 20 30 40 50Hispanic WomenWomenPIONEERING WOMEN IN CONSTRUCTIONThe construction industry, traditionally dominated by men, has seen remarkable contributions from womenwho are changing the landscape and paving the way for future generations. This section of the reporthighlights Ines Rivas-Hutchins, whose leadership and entrepreneurial spirit have significantly impacted thesector.Founder of INTEC Group LLC, Ines Rivas-Hutchins started her own construction business in 2014 afteraccumulating valuable industry experience. Since then, she has focused on empowering other women toestablish and grow their businesses within the construction domain. Under her leadership, INTEC Group LLC hassuccessfully managed over $500 million in commercial and federal projects, showcasing the abilities offemale-led companies in handling substantial and complex contracts.Ines Rivas-Hutchins Figure 5. Women in Construction Wage DisparitiesNote. Sourced from U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com14

Page 24

05UNIONS AND TRADEADVOCACYUNION REPRESENTATION Unions have historically played a critical role insecuring better wages, safer working conditions, andjob stability for construction workers. However, Hispanicworkers are underrepresented in unions, with only 9.4%of Hispanic workers being union members, comparedto 14.6% of non-Hispanic workers (Bureau of LaborStatistics, 2022).This gap is due to factors like language barriers, undocumented status, and the concentration of Hispanicworkers in non-unionized, labor-intensive jobs. Many are employed by subcontractors who avoid unionaffiliation, making union membership less accessible. Despite this, unionized Hispanic workers earn $7.60 moreper hour on average and enjoy better access to healthcare, safer working conditions, and job stability throughcontractual protections and regular safety training (Economic Policy Institute, 2021). (See Figure 6).Hispanic Workers Non Hispanic Workers05101520Non-Union Member Earnings Union Member Earnings$0 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1000 $1200202420232022Figure 6. Median Weekly Earnings Union vs Non-Union (2022-2024)Note. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, boththose with incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls areintroduced annually with the release of January data. Data sourced from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current PopulationSurvey (2024).www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com15$884$1,161$841$1,112$804$1,0849.40%14.60%

Page 25

BARRIERS TO UNION PARTICIPATIONBARRIERS TO BECOMING A UNION CONTRACTORFor businesses considering unionizing, several challenges can act as significant deterrents. Unionizationrequires compliance with complex labor laws, negotiating collective bargaining agreements, and adhering tounion regulations, all of which can substantially increase operational costs. Financial BurdensUnionized companies often face increased labor costs, with wages and benefits potentially rising by 20-30%. These higher costs include:Administrative expenses associated with managing union contracts.Legal fees resulting from labor disputes or contract enforcement issues.These financial pressures can strain already limited resources for small and minority-owned businesses,making unionization a daunting prospect.Perceived Loss of ControlAnother concern for employers is the potential loss of control over key labor decisions. Union agreements oftengrant unions influence over:Work schedules and overtime policies.Wages and benefits structures.Employee discipline procedures.For small and minority-owned firms, this shift in control can introduce additional layers of bureaucracy, furthercomplicating day-to-day operations and long-term planning.Despite the benefits of union membership, several barriers prevent many Hispanic workers from joining orparticipating in unions. Language is a major challenge, as most union meetings, materials, and training are inEnglish, leaving Spanish-speaking workers feeling excluded. While some unions offer bilingual support, theseefforts are limited. Undocumented workers also fear retaliation, avoiding unions or reporting labor violations dueto concerns about exposing their immigration status, which employers exploit to suppress wages and denybenefits. The transient nature of construction work, with workers hired on a project-by-project basis, furthercomplicates unionization efforts, as constantly changing employers make it hard to build lasting relationshipswith unions or commit to dues, causing many to miss out on union protections. Even documented workers mayfear being blacklisted, limiting participation further.Procedural ComplexityThe policies and procedures associated with unionization can also discourage businesses. Employers mustnavigate:Union election processes, which require strict adherence to labor law guidelines.Contract negotiations, which can be time-consuming and legally intricate.Smaller businesses often lack the legal expertise or administrative capacity to handle these complexities,increasing the risk of noncompliance or disputes.SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES OF UNIONSIn regions where unions have actively engaged Hispanic workers, the results have been positive. For example,the New York City District Council of Carpenters launched a bilingual training and outreach program, providingsafety training, legal support, and union membership opportunities for Spanish-speaking workers.This initiative significantly boosted Hispanic union membership in New York, improving wages and workingconditions for thousands. Similarly, the Laborers' International Union of North America has successfully recruitedHispanic workers in masonry, concrete work, and road construction, helping them transition into skilled tradesand leadership roles, which enhances their economic prospects and representation in higher-paying jobs.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com16

Page 26

These successes are not universal. Many unions still struggle to engage Hispanic workers, particularly inregions with large undocumented populations or industries dominated by non-union subcontractors. Limitedunion resources and the challenges of reaching workers in informal employment settings have hinderedunionization progress for Hispanic workers in several areas.THE ROLE OF ADVOCACY GROUPSAdvocacy groups play an essential role in protecting the rights of non-unionized Hispanic workers, addressingsystemic issues like wage theft and unsafe conditions. Groups like the Workers Defense Project and NationalDay Laborer Organizing Network provide critical legal assistance, training, and advocacy."In 2019, the Workers Defense Project reconciled $1 million in unpaid wages for Hispanic workers in Texas,highlighting the importance of advocacy organizations in securing justice."Case StudyWAGE THEFT AND EXPLOITATIONA 2018 investigation in Texas revealed widespread wage theft on public infrastructure projects,where many Hispanic workers were paid below minimum wage despite working over 60 hoursweekly. Advocacy groups like the Workers Defense Project have made strides in recoveringmillions in unpaid wages, but systemic enforcement gaps persist.Wage theft remains one of the most significant barriers for Hispanic construction workers, with30-35% reporting issues such as unpaid wages, withheld overtime, or misclassification.Undocumented workers are particularly at risk, with employers exploiting their fear ofdeportation to avoid fair compensation.Strengthen partnerships between unions and advocacy groups to protect workers.RecommendationsIncrease funding to expand outreach and support programs.Worker Testimonial“I worked 12-hour shifts but never saw overtimepay. Thanks to a local advocacy group, I learnedmy rights and was finally paid what I earned."VULNERABILITY OF UNDOCUMENTED WORKERSUndocumented workers make up approximately 23% of the U.S. construction workforce and aredisproportionately concentrated in low-wage, labor-intensive jobs (Center for American Progress, 2021). Fear ofdeportation discourages them from reporting wage theft, unsafe conditions, or discriminatory practices, leavingthem with little recourse against exploitation.“I was too scared to report unsafe conditionsbecause I didn’t want to lose my job or bedeported. It felt like I had no choice”.Worker Testimonial-Anonymous Laborer in Phoenix,Arizona– Juan R., Laborer in Austin,Texaswww.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com17

Page 27

www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com29RecommendationsStrengthen enforcement of wage theft laws through increased inspections and harsher penalties.LACK OF LEGAL PROTECTION AND ENFORCEMENTExisting labor laws are poorly enforced in industries with high concentrations of Hispanic workers, often due tounderstaffed labor departments and weak penalties. Language barriers further compound this issue, leavingmany workers unaware of their rights.Case Study“In California, a group of Hispanic construction workers collaborated with an advocacy organization to file acollective complaint about wage theft. The effort resulted in new legislation requiring contracts to includemultilingual legal rights information."RecommendationsBoost funding for labor inspections in high-risk industries.Collaborate with community groups to provide legal education.Expand access to legal aid clinics and reporting hotlines, particularly in Spanish.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com18

Page 28

06OCCUPATIONALHAZARDS AND HEALTHRISKS IN CONSTRUCTIONThe construction industry is one of the most hazardous sectors in the United States, consistently ranking amongthe top industries for workplace injuries and fatalities (See Table 3). In 2023, the construction industry recorded1,075 fatalities, the highest among all industry sectors and the highest number reported since 2011. The nature ofconstruction work exposes workers to numerous risks, including falls, equipment-related injuries, electrical risks,hazardous materials, extreme weather conditions, and physical and mental harm.Hispanic and Latino workers experience a disproportionately high rate of fatal occupational injuries (See Figure7). In 2023, they accounted for 23.6% of construction fatalities despite only representing 33.8% of theconstruction workforce. For detailed industry fatal work injuries trends, see Appendix B (Table B1).Total ConstructionFatal Injuries Violent Acts Transportation Incidents Explosions & Fires Falls, Slips, Trips Harmful Exposure Contact Incidents01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000It is estimated between 15% and 20% of the Hispanic construction workforce is comprised of foreign-bornimmigrants. Foreign-born Hispanic or Latino workers made up 67.1% (839) of all Hispanic or Latino workerfatalities (1,250), highlighting the disproportionate risks faced by this group.(See Figure 8).For detailed fatal work injury trends to Hispanic or Latino Workers, see Appendix B (Table B2).Note. Data sourced from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.White (non-Hispanic) Black or African American (non-Hispanic) Hispanic or Latino American Indian or Alaskan Native (non-Hispanic)Asian (non-Hispanic) Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic) Multiple races (non-Hispanic)Other races (or not reported) (non-Hispanic)2019 2020 2021 2022 20230100020003000400050006000Note. Data sourced from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI).www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com19Table 3. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Industry (2023) Figure 7. Fatal Work Injuries by Race or Ethnicity (2019-2023) 5.2831.075740461.94224010417885421820200779148

Page 29

Foreign-born Hispanic or Latino Native-born Hispanic or Latino2019 2020 2021 2022 2023020040060080010001200140031Fall HazardsFalls are the leading cause of death in construction, accounting for over 39.2% of all construction-relatedfatalities, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2024). Workers frequently operate at elevated levels,including scaffolding, ladders, and rooftops. Insufficient fall protection, unguarded edges, and unstablesurfaces contribute to severe injuries and fatalities.Falls, Slips, and TripsAccounted for 39.2% (421) of all construction fatalities.Most fatal falls, 64.4% (260), were to a lower level from heights between 6 and 30 feet.67 fatal falls were from a height of more than 30 feet. Portable ladders and stairs were the primary source of 109 fatalities in construction.from being caught betweenmachinery and fixed objects.Crushing incidents due to inadequate training ormechanical failures, leading torollovers or malfunctions.Improper operation where workers are hit by movingequipment or falling materials.Struck-by accidentsHeavy Machinery and Equipment HazardsConstruction sites require the use of heavy machinery such as cranes, bulldozers, and excavators. Equipment-related hazards include:Electrical RisksConstruction workers are at a high risk of electrocution due to exposure to live wires, power tools, and temporaryelectrical setups. Electrical hazards can arise from:Contact with overhead or underground power lines.Faulty or poorly maintained electrical equipment.Improper grounding and lack of personal protective equipment (PPE).Note. Data sourced from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Definitions: Foreign-bornworkers are people who reside in the United States but were born outside the country or one of its outlying areas to parentswho were not U.S. citizens. Foreign-born workers include legally admitted immigrants, refugees, undocumented immigrants,and temporary residents such as students and temporary workers.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com20Figure 8. Fatal Work Injuries to Hispanic or Latino Workers (2019-2023)

Page 30

Extreme Weather and Environmental ConditionsConstruction workers frequently work outdoors in extreme weather conditions, which can cause:Heat stress anddehydration in high temperatures, leading toheat stroke or exhaustion.Cold stress andfrostbite in winter months.Lightning strikes during thunderstorms, particularlywhen working with tall structures ormetal tools.Flooding andunstable groundincreasing the risk of slip-and-fall injuries.Repetitive Stress and Musculoskeletal InjuriesThe physically demanding nature of construction work increases the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Workersperform repetitive movements, heavy lifting, and prolonged manual labor, which can lead to:Chronic back pain and spinal injuries.Joint and tendon injuries (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis).Overuse injuries from carrying heavy materials or operating tools for long periods.Psychological and Mental Health RisksWhile physical hazards are well-documented, construction workers also face significant mental healthchallenges, including:High levels of job insecurity, with seasonal layoffs or project-based employment.Long working hours and shift work, leading to sleep deprivation and exhaustion.Workplace isolation, particularly in remote job sites.Stigma around mental health, discouraging workers from seeking help for stress, anxiety, or depression.High Risk of Workplace ViolenceConstruction sites often involve subcontractors, temporary workers, and diverse teams working under stressfulconditions. This can lead to:Conflicts between workers, sometimes escalating to physical altercations.Threats from third parties, such as theft or trespassing incidents on job sites.Harassment and discrimination, particularly for women and minority workers in the industry.Exposure to Hazardous Materials and Toxic SubstancesConstruction sites often contain hazardous materials that pose long-term health risks, such as:Asbestos, which can cause lung diseases, including mesothelioma.Lead and other toxic metals, found in old paint or industrial coatings.Silica dust, generated from cutting concrete or stone, which can lead to chronic respiratory diseaseslike silicosis.Chemical solvents and adhesives, which can cause burns, neurological damage, or poisoning.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com21

Page 31

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND MENTAL WELLBEING The lack of preventive care and regular check-ups can lead to long-term health problems that affect bothemployment and quality of life. Mental health challenges are also common, as the construction industry hasthe second-highest suicide rate in the U.S., driven by job insecurity, long hours, discrimination, and financialstress. For undocumented workers, the fear of deportation adds to the stress. Chronic stress can result incardiovascular issues, depression, and suicide, while physical exhaustion from long hours and multiple jobsincreases the risk of burnout.HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGEHispanic construction workers face significantchallenges in accessing health insurance. Only 42% ofHispanic workers in construction have employer-provided health insurance, compared to 68% of non-Hispanic white workers (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2022).The situation is worse for undocumented workers, whooften work in informal jobs without health benefits andare ineligible for Medicaid or ACA subsidies. Withoutinsurance, medical care is often too expensive, with 45%of Hispanic adults reporting they did not receive neededcare due to cost concerns (Commonwealth Fund, 2021). Figure 9. Reducing Hispanic Workplace InjuriesVALUE PROPOSITIONReducing workplace injuries by 40% boosts annual premiums by $10-$15 billion, saving $2.88 billion in costs. (See Figure 9).LANGUAGE AND CULTURAL BARRIERSLanguage barriers significantly limit healthcare access for many Hispanic workers, as a large number havelimited English proficiency. The shortage of bilingual medical professionals and inadequate translation servicesmake it difficult for workers to fully understand diagnoses, treatment options, or prescriptions. Additionally,cultural tendencies in some Hispanic communities discourage seeking medical care unless necessary, areluctance often driven by financial concerns or mistrust of the health care system. This delay in care canworsen physical and mental health issues over time. The stigma surrounding mental health in Hispaniccommunities adds to the problem, as many view mental health struggles as personal weaknesses, leading tountreated conditions like anxiety and depression, which are exacerbated by the high-stress nature ofconstruction work.Case Study"In Houston, a roofing contract or implemented a bilingual safety training program after several injuries on-site.Within a year, incidents dropped by 40%, proving that effective communication can save lives."RecommendationsRequire bilingual safety training on government-funded projects.Offer tax breaks to firms using safety technology.Enhanced access to mental health supportStrong safety regulatory enforcement to prevent injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com22Current ClaimsReduced ClaimsSavings0123456Premium Reduction (%)

Page 32

07SUPPORTIVEINDUSTRIES PIONEERING ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING Hispanic architects and engineers are harmonizing tradition with cutting-edge solutions. Icons like LuisBarragán and Tatiana Bilbao have redefined design through minimalism and eco-conscious projects such asthe Ajijic House. Meanwhile, Vanessa Galvez’s bioswale initiative in New York City and Felix Candela’s thin-shellconcrete structures exemplify engineering that combines functionality with innovation. Hispanic professionals are making transformative contributions in architecture, engineering, supply chains, realestate, and professional services. Their innovation and cultural insight are reshaping industries, drivingsustainability, and advancing technology.Hispanic representation in engineering is steadily increasing, with undergraduate enrollment spiking 73.6% from2010 to 2021. During this period, the number of bachelor's degrees earned by Hispanic students rose from 5,810in 2010 to 19,888 in 2021, showcasing substantial growth in educational achievement. The Latino Donor Collaborative & Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers (2023) reported that Latinos makeup 9.4% of the U.S. engineering workforce, contributing significantly to the nation’s technological advancementand innovation.HISPANIC-OWNED SUPPLY CHAIN FIRMS Hispanic-owned businesses play a critical role in supply chain advancements, with contributions to diverseindustries, including construction. A prime example is BlueGrace Logistics, a third-party logistics (3PL) leaderactively supporting the construction industry. BlueGrace specializes in managing complex freight logistics forconstruction businesses, handling everything from heavy equipment like cranes and dump trucks toreplacement parts and bulk construction materials. Their expertise extends to reverse logistics, streamlining thereturn of construction rentals and materials, reducing costs, and increasing operational efficiency for theirclients. By leveraging innovative technology and proprietary tools like BlueShip, BlueGrace not only meets theimmediate logistical needs of construction companies but also provides data-driven insights to optimize theiroperations. With this focus on precision and efficiency, BlueGrace Logistics has become an indispensablepartner for construction firms, ensuring timely deliveries and supporting large-scale projects that drive theindustry forward.REVITALIZING REAL-ESTATE According to Grove Impact (2023), Hispanic developers make up just 0.16% of the U.S. real estate developmentindustry, with only 175 identified among 112,046 private developers. Within commercial real estate, Black andHispanic developers combined represent a mere 0.56% of all private developers, highlighting their significantunderrepresentation. This disparity presents an untapped opportunity, as removing the constraints faced bythese developers could create 1.7 million jobs and generate over $100 billion in annual business revenues.Opportunity Zones, established under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, offer a vital pathway to empowerHispanic developers. By providing tax incentives to investors in economically distressed areas, OpportunityZones help increase the housing supply, stabilize rents, and foster development in regions with high Hispanicpopulations. Such initiatives not only amplify the contributions of Hispanic developers but also promotestronger communities and spur economic activity, offering tangible benefits that extend across both residentialand commercial real estate landscapes.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com23

Page 33

TRANSFORMING PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Hispanic professionals are advancing the banking, legal, accounting, and insurance sectors.According to McKinsey & Company (2023), Latino households accounted for $170 billion in financial-services revenue in 2022, projected to reach $265 billion by 2030. Yet, a $200 billion lending gaplimits Hispanic-owned businesses’ growth, highlighting the need for greater financial inclusion.Legal and accounting fields also face challenges of underrepresentation, with Hispanics making up5% and 10% of these professionals, respectively. Meanwhile, only 47% of Hispanic households hold lifeinsurance, compared to 60% of White households, exposing an opportunity for tailored financialsolutions.UNLOCKING OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH To break down barriers and support Hispanic professionals, the following strategies are critical:Expand access to inclusivelending and culturallycompetent financial services.Launch mentorship programsin law and accounting.Bridge the $200 billionfunding gap for Hispanicentrepreneurs.Increase access toeducation, scholarships, andcertification programs.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com24Photograph by All Construction

Page 34

08IMPACTS ON THEINDUSTRY The threat of mass deportations poses a critical challenge to the construction industry and the nationaleconomy. Immigrants make up 23% of the U.S. construction workforce, with an estimated 700,000 to 900,000undocumented workers performing essential roles such as roofing, framing, and drywall installation. Theirsudden removal would create a labor vacuum that existing workforce pipelines cannot fill, particularly as H-2Bvisas remain capped at just 66,000 annually, far below industry demand.The impact would be immediate and severe: project delays, cost overruns, and a 42% decline in constructionoutput, worsening the nation’s existing housing shortage of 4 million units. Home prices could rise by 10–15%,and rents by 15–20%, especially in labor, dependent states like California, Texas, and Florida. Industries beyondconstruction, agriculture, manufacturing, and hospitality, would also face disruptions as immigrant labordisappears.From a macroeconomic perspective, mass deportations could shrink U.S. GDP by 4.2% to 6.8%, equivalent to a$1.1 to $1.7 trillion annual loss, comparable to the Great Recession’s impact. ICE operations, bolstered by therevived use of the Alien Enemies Act, are already prompting workers to exit the labor force voluntarily, disruptingcommunity stability and weakening supply chains.EFFECTS OF MASS DEPORTATION Legislative solutions such as the Dignity Act, American Families United Act, American Dream and Promise Act of2025 offer a pathway to legal status for undocumented workers, Dreamers, and TPS holders. These measureswould help stabilize the workforce, protect families, and ensure the continued growth of industries vital toAmerica’s infrastructure and economy.EFFECTS OF HIGH TARIFFS The construction industry is grappling with the severe impacts of escalating tariffs on essential materials suchas steel, aluminum, lumber, and construction equipment. The whiplash effect of the ongoing trade war isintensifying cost pressures, with tariffs under the Trump administration already driving up project expenses by4–6%. Home prices have risen by as much as $22,000, worsening the affordability crisis for families and stallingcritical infrastructure and housing projects nationwide.For small and minority-owned firms already operating on thin margins, these tariffs threaten their survival. Risinginput costs, rigid fixed-price contracts, material delays, and unpredictable supply chains are forcing manybusinesses to postpone or abandon projects altogether. The economic ripple effects stretch far beyondconstruction, fueling inflation, constraining job opportunities, and tightening housing supply in high-demandurban regions. Reduced construction activity also dampens GDP growth and strains public infrastructure,exacerbating existing vulnerabilities.Business owners are urged to respond proactively to these challenges. Diversifying supply chains, renegotiatingcontracts to include escalation clauses, and strategically stockpiling materials when prices dip can helpmitigate the strain. Investing in technology and efficient project management tools can also enhance resilienceand reduce costs over time. Collaborative efforts, such as advocating for balanced trade policies andparticipating in industry coalitions, can amplify the collective voice calling for change.The current trade environment underscores the urgent need for a more stable and equitable trade strategy. It iscritical to strengthen domestic industries without sacrificing affordability and access across the constructionsupply chain. By navigating these challenges with adaptability and foresight, the industry can work towardstability and recovery while still driving growth and development.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com25

Page 35

ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe establishment of the Hispanic Construction Council would not have been possible without the dedication,vision, and unwavering commitment of its co-founders Gus Hoyas, David Arenas, Alex Seabold, and GeorgeCarrillo. Their collective efforts have laid the foundation for an organization that champions the advancementof Hispanic professionals in the construction industry.Over the past year, these leaders have dedicated countless hours, making personal sacrifices to turn this visioninto reality. Their commitment to building a stronger, more inclusive industry has been demonstrated throughtheir relentless work, strategic initiatives, and steadfast belief in the mission of the Hispanic ConstructionCouncil.Each co-founder has played a vital role in shaping the organization:Gus Hoyas has provided leadership and strategic direction, inspiring others to drive the mission forward.David Arenas has contributed innovative ideas and resourcefulness, ensuring the Council remains adaptiveand forward-thinking.Alex Seabold has been instrumental in upholding the organization’s values and fostering a culture ofcollaboration and purpose.George Carrillo has demonstrated resilience and vision, guiding the organization through both challenges andopportunities.Beyond their time and expertise, each co-founder has invested personal resources and efforts, foregoingmoments with family and personal obligations in service of a greater purpose. Their work has not onlyestablished a strong foundation for the Hispanic Construction Council but has also created opportunities forfuture generations of Hispanic professionals in the construction industry.The Council also expresses its deep appreciation to The O’hara Project. Thanks to their hard work anddedication, HCC has become a top-sourced advocacy group, nationally and internationally. This awarenesssupports our mission to raise awareness about the challenges faced by Hispanic workers and business owners,bringing their stories to the forefront of public discourse and policy conversations.This annual report is a tribute to the people behind the progress. As the Council continues to grow, it does sopowered by the values, leadership, and partnerships that define its mission. The contributions of theseindividuals will leave a lasting impact on the construction industry and the communities it serves.www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com26

Page 36

REFERENCESAssociated Builders and Contractors. (2024, February). ABC 2024 construction workforce shortage topshalf a million. Retrieved from https://www.abc.org/News-Media/News-Releases/abc-2024-construction-workforce-shortage-tops-half-a-millionBureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2024, December 19). National census of fataloccupational injuries in 2023. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/cfoi.pdfBureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2024, May 6). A look at falls, slips, and trips in theconstruction industry. The Economics Daily. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2024/a-look-at-falls-slips-and-trips-in-the-construction-industry.htmBureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.). Fatal work injuries to Hispanic or Latino workers.U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/charts/census-of-fatal-occupational-injuries/fatal-work-injuries-to-hispanic-or-latino-workers.htmBureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.). Number of fatal work injuries by race or ethnicorigin. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/charts/census-of-fatal-occupational-injuries/number-of-fatal-work-injuries-by-race-or-ethnic-origin.htmCenter for American Progress. (2021, February). Immigrant workers’ contributions to the constructionindustry [Fact sheet]. Retrieved from https://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/02/EW-Construction-factsheet.pdfCongressional Research Service. (2022). Small Business Administration (SBA) funding: Overview andrecent trends (CRS Report No. R43846). U.S. Library of Congress.https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R43846Data USA. (n.d.). Construction managers: Workforce demographics and statistics. Retrieved fromhttps://datausa.io/profile/soc/construction-managersEconomic Policy Institute. (2021). Unions and well-being. Retrieved fromhttps://www.epi.org/publication/unions-and-well-being/Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2023). Building for the future: Advancing equal opportunityin the construction industry [Report]. Retrieved fromhttps://www.jacksonlewis.com/sites/default/files/2023-06/EEOC-Building-for-the-Future.pdfGomez-Aguinaga, B., Foster, G., & Porras, J. I. (2024, March). 2023 state of Latino entrepreneurship. StanfordLatino Entrepreneurship Initiative, Stanford Graduate School of Business.https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/publication/pdfs/state-latino-entrepreneurship-2023.pdfGrove Impact. (2023). Breaking the glass bottleneck: The representation crisis in real estate development.Retrieved from https://reports.groveimpact.org/breaking-the-glass-bottleneck/representation-crisis/Latino Donor Collaborative & Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers. (2023). U.S. Latinos in engineeringand tech report. Retrieved from https://latinodonorcollaborative.org/reports/2023-shpe-ldc-u-s-latinos-in-engineering-and-tech-report/McKinsey & Company. (2023). The economic state of Latinos in America: Advancing financial growth.Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/diversity-and-inclusion/the-economic-state-of-latinos-in-america-advancing-financial-growthwww.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com27

Page 37

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, U.S. National Science Foundation, & U.S. CensusBureau. (2022). Annual Business Survey: Statistics for Employer Firms by Ethnicity for the U.S.: 2022.Economic Surveys, ECNSVY Annual Business Survey Company Summary, Table AB00MYCSA01B. RetrievedMarch 17, 2025, from https://data.census.gov/table/ABSCS2022.AB00MYCSA01B?q=construction.Pew Research Center. (2024, May 15). How Latinas’ educational and economic situation has changed inthe last two decades. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/race-and-ethnicity/2024/05/15/how-latinas-educational-and-economic-situation-has-changed-in-the-last-two-decades/U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. (2024). Construction industry facts: Gross output and value addedtrends [Data table]. Retrieved March 16, 2025, fromhttps://apps.bea.gov/industry/factsheet/factsheet.html#23U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. (2024, December). Gross domestic product, third quarter 2024 (thirdestimate) (Report No. GDP3Q24-3rd). U.S. Department of Commerce.https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2024-12/gdp3q24-3rd.pdfU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023a, November). Labor force characteristics by race and ethnicity, 2022(Report No. 1105). U.S. Department of Labor. https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/race-and-ethnicity/2022/U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023b, January). Labor force characteristics by race and ethnicity, 2021(Report No. 1100). U.S. Department of Labor. https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/race-and-ethnicity/2021/U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024). Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanicor Latino ethnicity [Data table]. U.S. Department of Labor. Retrieved fromhttps://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat11.htmU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024, December). Labor force characteristics by race and ethnicity, 2023(Report No. 1113). U.S. Department of Labor. https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/race-and-ethnicity/2023/U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024c). Union members — 2024 (News Release). U.S. Department of Labor.https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/union2.pdfU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024, January 23). Union membership (Annual) news release. U.S.Department of Labor. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/union2_01232024.htmU.S. Census Bureau. (2018). EEO 1R. DETAILED CENSUS OCCUPATION BY SEX AND RACE/ETHNICITY FORRESIDENCE GEOGRAPHY. American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Equal EmploymentOpportunity, Table EEOALL1R. Retrieved March 17, 2025, fromhttps://data.census.gov/table/ACSEEO5Y2018.EEOALL1R?q=construction+managers.U.S. Census Bureau. (2022). Construction: Summary Statistics for the U.S., States, and SelectedGeographies: 2022. Economic Census, ECN Core Statistics Summary Statistics for the U.S., States, andSelected Geographies: 2022, Table EC2223BASIC. Retrieved March 16, 2025, fromhttps://data.census.gov/table/ECNBASIC2022.EC2223BASIC?q=EC2223BASICU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.). Opportunity Zones for investors. Retrievedfrom https://opportunityzones.hud.gov/investorsU.S. Department of Labor. (2025, January 20). Living wages in registered apprenticeship programs: Anassessment by industry, demographics, state, and labor policy [White paper]. Retrieved fromhttps://illinoisepi.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/pmcr-ilepi-living-wages-in-registered-apprenticeship-programs-final.pdfU.S. Small Business Administration. (2023, September 25). SBA data show major increase in loans toLatino-owned businesses under Biden-Harris administration. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrievedfrom https://www.sba.gov/article/2023/09/25/sba-data-show-major-increase-loans-latino-owned-businesses-under-biden-harris-administrationwww.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com28

Page 38

APPENDIX AConstruction Industry Data TablesTable A1. U.S. Construction Industry Economic Trends (2022-2024)2022Q12022Q22022Q32022Q42023Q12023Q22023Q32023Q42024Q12024Q22024Q3Gross DomesticProduct[Billions of dollars]Seasonally adjusted atannual rates (AllIndustries)25215.525805.82627226734.327164.427453.827967.72829728624.129016.729374.9VA CurrentDollar[Billions of dollars]Seasonally adjusted atannual rates (AllIndustries)1079.11091.21117.61169.31185.61202.41231.61262.71291.11306.41318.6VA Percent ofGDP[Percent] (All Industries)4.34.24.34.44.44.44.44.54.54.54.5Real GDP[Billions of 2017 chaindollars] (All Industries)21903.921919.22206622249.522403.422539.422780.922960.623053.523223.923400.3VA Chained2017 $[Billions of 2017 chaindollars] (All Industries)884.3851.7813.5810.4807.2811829.6836.5853.3864.1863.7GDP Quantity %Change[Percent change]Seasonally adjusted atannual rates (AllIndustries)-10.32.73.42.82.44.43.21.633.1Q-Contributionsto GDP[Percent and percentagepoints] (All Industries)0.23-0.68-0.750.010.070.190.480.190.360.23-0.01VA QuantityIndex[2017=100] (All Industries)105.241101.36996.82596.44596.06596.5298.73299.562101.562102.847102.789VA Quantity %Change[Percent change]Seasonally adjusted atannual rates (AllIndustries)8.2-13.9-16.8-1.6-1.61.99.53.48.35.2-0.2GDP Price %Change[Percent change]Seasonally adjusted atannual rates (AllIndustries)8.59.34.53.73.61.93.21.532.51.9P-Contributionsto GDP[Percent and percentagepoints] (All Industries)0.340.891.170.780.170.06-0.050.260.04-0.010.18VA Price Index[2017=100] (All Industries)121.838127.819137.01143.981146.761148.266148.541151.06151.415151.304152.798VA Price %Change[Percent change]Seasonally adjusted atannual rates (AllIndustries)4.821.132227.94.20.770.9-0.34GO CurrentDollar[Billions of dollars]Seasonally adjusted atannual rates (AllIndustries)2137.22199.92210.922302246.92294.52359.12443.12494.12509.62524GO Chained2017 $[Billions of 2017 chaindollars] (All Industries)1638.61620.21581.71565.81571.21609.51652.91699.61730.81737.31737.4GO QuantityIndex[2017=100] (All Industries)103.844102.673100.2399.22799.574102.001104.749107.707109.688110.099110.102GO Quantity %Change[Percent change]Seasonally adjusted atannual rates (AllIndustries)2.5-4.4-9.2-41.410.111.211.87.61.50GO Price Index[2017=100] (All Industries)130.325135.689139.70142.373142.979142.559142.748143.777144.129144.483145.308GO Price %Change[Percent change]Seasonally adjusted atannual rates (AllIndustries)17.417.512.47.91.7-1.20.52.9112.3II Current Dollar[Billions of dollars]Seasonally adjusted atannual rates (AllIndustries)1058.11108.71093.31060.71061.31092.11127.61180.412031203.21205.4II Chained 2017$[Billions of 2017 chaindollars] (All Industries)757.6768.9767.3754.6763.1798.3823.1864.3878.6873.5874.1II QuantityIndex[2017=100] (All Industries)102.697104.228104.00102.281103.433108.205111.569117.15119.092118.405118.484II Quantity %Change[Percent change]Seasonally adjusted atannual rates (AllIndustries)-36.1-0.9-6.54.619.81321.66.8-2.30.3II Price Index[2017=100] (All Industries)139.607144.192142.53140.614139.074136.774136.936136.522136.87137.681137.845II Price %Change[Percent change]Seasonally adjusted atannual rates (AllIndustries)31.713.8-4.5-5.3-4.3-6.50.5-1.212.40.5Note. Data sourced from U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (2024).www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com29

Page 39

APPENDIX BConstruction Fatal Work Injuries TrendsTable B1. U.S. Construction Industry Fatal Work Injuries Trends (2019-2023)YearTotalWhite(non-Hispanic)Black orAfrican-American(Non-Hispanic)Hispanicor LatinoAmericanIndian orAlaskanNative(Non-Hispanic)Asian(Non-Hispanic)NativeHawaiian orPacificIslander(non-Hispanic)Multipleraces(non-Hispanic)Otherraces ornotreported(non-Hispanic)20195,3333,2976341,0883018114226720204,7642,8985411,072321508144920215,1903,1036531,1304117818115620225,4863,1677341,2483516991610820235,2832,9636591,250371671325169Note. Data sourced from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2023). Table B2. Fatal Injury Trends to Hispanic or Latino Workers (2019-2023)YearTotal Hispanic orLatinoNative-born Hispanicor LatinoForeign-born Hispanicor Latino20191,08836971920201,07238069220211,13040372720221,24845679220231,250404839www.hispanicconstructioncouncil.com30

2025 Hispanic Construction Council Report

Page 1

Page 2